Gender und Arbeitsmarkt
Das Themendossier "Gender und Arbeitsmarkt" bietet wissenschaftliche und politiknahe Veröffentlichungen zu den Themen Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen und Männern, Müttern und Vätern, Berufsrückkehrenden, Betreuung/Pflege und Arbeitsteilung in der Familie, Work-Life-Management, Determinanten der Erwerbsbeteiligung, geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede, familien- und steuerpolitische Regelungen sowie Arbeitsmarktpolitik für Frauen und Männer.
Mit dem Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehr – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
Navigating Motherhood: Endogenous Penalties and Career Choice (2026)
Zitatform
Coskun, Sena, Husnu Dalgic & Yasemin Özdemir (2026): Navigating Motherhood: Endogenous Penalties and Career Choice. (IAB-Discussion Paper 02/2026), Nürnberg, 57 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.DP.2602
Abstract
"Wir dokumentieren, dass Frauen sich vor der Geburt ihres ersten Kindes strategisch in „familienfreundliche” Sektoren sortieren, die durch geringere Erfahrungswerte, aber niedrigere Einbußen pro Kind gekennzeichnet sind. Dieses antizipatorische Sortieren stellt ex-ante Kosten der Mutterschaft dar, die von herkömmlichen Maßen für die Child Penalty gänzlich übersehen werden. Wir entwickeln ein Modell heterogener Akteure für Berufswahl und Fertilität, um diese „Sorting Penalty” zu quantifizieren. Unser zentrales Ergebnis ist, dass der direkte Einkommensverlust durch berufliches Sortieren zwar gering ist, dieses Resultat jedoch die hohe Wirksamkeit der primären Instrumente offenbart, mit denen Frauen Mutterschaft bewältigen: die Qualität-Quantität (Q-Q) und Zeitverwendung (T-E) Trade-offs. Durch empirische Evidenz für beide Spielräume zeigen wir, dass Frauen keine passiven Subjekte von Child Penalties sind; sie sind aktive, strategische Akteurinnen, die diese feineren Abwägungen nutzen, um familiäre Ziele zu erreichen und gleichzeitig berufliche Kosten zu mildern. Unsere Ergebnisse unterstreichen: Da Fertilität und Benachteiligungen zutiefst endogen sind, werden politische Rahmenbedingungen, die diese Trade-offs ausschließen, die Fertilitätsreaktionen und Karrierekosten von Interventionen grundlegend falsch berechnen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Immigration and Adult Children's Care for Elderly Parents: Evidence from Western Europe (2025)
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Berlanda, Andrea, Elisabetta Lodigiani & Lorenzo Rocco (2025): Immigration and Adult Children's Care for Elderly Parents: Evidence from Western Europe. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17984), Bonn, 41 S.
Abstract
"In this paper, we use the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), complemented with register data on the share of the foreign population in the European regions, to examine the effects of migration on the level of informal care provided by children to their senior parents. Our main results show that migration decreases informal care among daughters with a university degree, while it increases the provision of informal care among daughters with low-to-medium levels of education. Viceversa, migration has practically no effect on sons’ care provision who remain little involved in care activities. These results depend on the combination of two supply effects. First, migration increases the supply of domestic and personal services, making formal care more affordable and available. Second, as immigrants compete with low-to-medium-educated native workers, while improve the labor market opportunities of the better educated, the supply of informal care can increase among the less educated daughters and decrease among the more educated." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A chip off the old block? Perceptions of intergenerational role modelling through paired depth interviews with fathers and adult sons (2025)
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Cammu, Nola & Stéfanie André (2025): A chip off the old block? Perceptions of intergenerational role modelling through paired depth interviews with fathers and adult sons. In: Community, work & family, S. 1-21. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2025.2584088
Abstract
"During the last few decades, caregiving by fathers has experienced an upsurge in scholarly attention. Although the Netherlands has taken policy measures to enhance work-care equality, a more equal division of work and caregiving is not evident in practice. To better understand the discrepancy between work-care attitudes and work-care behaviour, this paper focuses on the question of who adult sons see as ‘role models’ in their work-care attitudes and behaviour. Fathers and their adult sons (N = 32) were paired depth interviewed about how their work-care attitudes and behaviour are passed down through the generations and how they are influenced by their environment. Three main themes emerged from our data: role modelling as indeterminate; role modelling as dispersed; and the importance of evolved and changing contexts. Fathers draw from a ‘palette’ of dispersed role models to construct their work-care behaviour in accordance with what is (or was) feasible for them and their environment at a given moment in time. In addition, our findings contribute to methodological knowledge of the strengths and limitations of paired depth interviewing as a qualitative research method." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Evolution of the Child Penalty and Gender-Related Inequality in the Netherlands, 1989–2022 (2025)
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Gan, Renren, Egbert L. W. Jongen, Simon Rabaté & Bo Terpstra (2025): The Evolution of the Child Penalty and Gender-Related Inequality in the Netherlands, 1989–2022. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 18158), Bonn, 39 S.
Abstract
"We study the evolution of the child penalty and gender-related inequality in the Netherlands. We use administrative panel data from 1989 to 2022 in an extension of the event study approach used in Kleven et al. (2019b). We document a substantial decline in child penalties (in earnings) for first-time mothers from 60% in the early 1990s to 35% in the 2010s. This decline is much larger than in the handful of other countries documented so far. However, looking at subperiods, we also find that the decline in the child penalty in the Netherlands has stalled in the mid 2000s, despite a steep rise in spending on formal childcare. Next, we decompose the gender-related inequality for parents into inequality related to children, education, migration background and a residual. We find that overall gender-related inequality and child-related gender inequality decline in parallel over time. The role of education and migration background is small and becomes less important over time. Hence, a substantial residual remains, and cannot be attributed to the aforementioned factors. We also show that the event-time window used is crucial for the contribution of the child penalty to the evolution of gender inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Profiles Among Women Without a Paid Job and Social Benefits: An Intersectional Perspective Using Dutch Population Register Data (2025)
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Kröner, Lea, Deni Mazrekaj, Tanja van der Lippe & Anne‐Rigt Poortman (2025): Profiles Among Women Without a Paid Job and Social Benefits: An Intersectional Perspective Using Dutch Population Register Data. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 59, H. 5, S. 717-728. DOI:10.1111/spol.13080
Abstract
"Despite their potential vulnerability and untapped work potential, research on the group of women without a paid job and social benefits is limited. This study is the first to identify profiles among women in this group based on their intersecting economic, sociodemographic and contextual characteristics. A cluster analysis conducted on Dutch population register data from 2019 challenges previous research that lumped women without a paid job and social benefits into a single group. Rather, we reveal three distinct profiles: ‘Dutch empty nesters (i.e., mothers with adult children) in affluent households’, ‘Migrant women in urban living areas’ and ‘Dutch, educated mothers with affluent partners’. The identification of these three profiles can mark a significant step in developing tailored active labour market policies for women without a paid job and social benefits." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Impact of Neighbour, Colleague, and Family Peers on Parental Labour Supply (2025)
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Meekes, Jordy & Max van Lent (2025): The Impact of Neighbour, Colleague, and Family Peers on Parental Labour Supply. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 18148), Bonn, 47 S.
Abstract
"Child penalties in paid working hours are persistent and widen the gender earnings gap. This paper studies an important mechanism through which working hours are affected: peer effects. Using three unique layers of peer networks: neighbours, colleagues, and family, we analyse peer effects on individuals' paid working hours. We analyse peer effects up to six years after childbirth on individuals who become first-time parents in the period 2014-2018, using Dutch full-population administrative monthly microdata up to September 2024. The identification strategy exploits exogenous variation in peers' working hours through peers-of-peers. Our research is the first to establish long-term statistically significant peer effects on fathers' working hours. The results indicate positive peer effects on fathers and mothers, where colleague peers are more important than neighbour peers and family peers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The gendered division of housework in times of Covid-19: the role of essential worker status and work location (2025)
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Piolatto, Matteo, Marija Bashevska, Olga Leshchenko, Chantal Remery & Susanne Strauss (2025): The gendered division of housework in times of Covid-19: the role of essential worker status and work location. In: Journal of family studies, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1080/13229400.2025.2526468
Abstract
"The question whether the measures taken to curb the spread of Covid-19 exacerbated or reduced gender inequality with respect to the division of housework and childcare has initiated a large number of studies. This study adds to this field by investigating the role of an until now underexposed yet important element in the literature on the pandemic, which is the assignment of an essential worker status for one or two partners of a couple. Drawing on resource theory, we formulate different hypotheses on how an essential worker status impacts the gendered division of housework during the early phase of the Covid-19 pandemic in dual-earner opposite-sex couples. In addition, as essential work was often, but not always done on-site, we use the time availability perspective to formulate hypotheses on how the impact of being assigned the essential work status interacts with remote-work. We investigate these research questions in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands using household longitudinal panel data from UKHLS and COGIS-LISS, applying panel fixed effects models. The results suggest that having an essential occupation is a resource for women but not men to renegotiate the division of housework. This is particularly the case when one or both partners can work from home." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fostering Skills and Relief: Positive Spillover Effects Between Unpaid Caregiving and Paid Work (2025)
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Raiber, Klara (2025): Fostering Skills and Relief: Positive Spillover Effects Between Unpaid Caregiving and Paid Work. In: Journal of Aging & Social Policy, S. 1-17. DOI:10.1080/08959420.2025.2561425
Abstract
"With the expected rise in unpaid caregiving, many caregivers will have to combine care with employment. While most research finds negative spillovers between caregiving and employment, it is crucial to understand the factors under which caregiving has positive spillover effects. Analyzing Dutch retrospective data from the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social science (3,543 caregiving situations of 2,042 caregivers), this study examined how factors from the work environment and the caregiving situation are related to two positive spillovers, namely learned skills from caregiving for paid work and employment being a relief from caregiving. Results from multilevel models show that a working environment with high flexibility compared to no flexibility was related to more skill learning and relief. Further, we found that more understanding of managers and colleagues was related to learning skills, while managers and colleagues knowing about caregiving was linked to feeling relief. More diverse caregiving tasks were associated with more skills learned for paid work and more relief felt. These findings can guide state or firm-based policies to not only prevent negative but also foster positive spillovers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wage Premium or Wage Penalty? Gendered Long-term Wage Development of Family Caregivers (2025)
Zitatform
Raiber, Klara, Katja Möhring, Mark Visser & Ellen Verbakel (2025): Wage Premium or Wage Penalty? Gendered Long-term Wage Development of Family Caregivers. In: Work, Employment and Society. DOI:10.1177/09500170251348856
Abstract
"This study theoretically and empirically assesses the gendered relationship between family caregiving (excluding regular childcare) and wage development in the Netherlands applying conflict theory, which predicts a wage penalty due to difficulties in combining paid work and care, and enrichment theory, which expects a wage premium because of acquired skills and recognition. Growth curve modelling was used to analyse hourly wages from 19 years of register data combined with information on caregiving episodes, retrospectively collected among a Dutch sample (N = 2659 respondents and 324,940 months). Caregiving was distinguished by have-never cared, current caregivers and past caregivers, as well as by duration and intensity. The results showed that men’s wage growth slightly improved after caregiving stopped and when they provided intensive care. Women’s wage development was slightly weaker after caregiving stopped and when they provided intensive care. Thus, only men benefit from caregiving in terms of their wage growth, not women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Persistence of Gender Pay and Employment Gaps in European Countries (2024)
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Afonso, António & M. Carmen Blanco-Arana (2024): The Persistence of Gender Pay and Employment Gaps in European Countries. (CESifo working paper 11315), München, 18 S.
Abstract
"The gender pay gap and the gender gap in employment remains persistent in Europe despite the basic assertion of gender equality under EU law. We assess the factors that influence the gender pay gap and gender employment gap across European countries. Therefore, we use an unbalanced panel of 31 European countries over the period 2000-2022, and estimate a system generalized method of moment model (GMM). The main conclusions confirm that tertiary education significantly reduces gender pay gap and part-time and temporary contracts significantly increase this gap. Moreover, part-time reduces significantly gender employment gap. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita does not affect these gaps and the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) saw a narrowing of the gender pay and employment gaps in European countries. The results are robust when using a fixed effects (FE) model." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
National family policies and the association between flexible working arrangements and work-to-family conflict across Europe (2024)
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Chung, Heejung (2024): National family policies and the association between flexible working arrangements and work-to-family conflict across Europe. In: Journal of Family Research, Jg. 36, S. 229-249. DOI:10.20377/jfr-1002
Abstract
"Objective: This paper explores how national family policies moderate the association between flexible working arrangements and work-to-family conflict across countries. Background: Although flexible working is provided to enhance work-family integration, studies show that it can in fact increase work-to-family conflict. However, certain policy contexts can help moderate this association by introducing contexts that enable workers to use of flexible working arrangements to better meet their family and other life demands. Method: The paper uses the European Working Conditions Survey of 2015 including data from workers with caring responsibilities from across 30 European countries. It uses a multilevel cross-level interaction model to examine how family policies, such as childcare and parental leave policies, can explain the cross-national variation in the association between flexible working arrangements, that is flexitime, working-time autonomy, and teleworking, and work-to-family conflict. Results: At the European average, flexible working was associated with higher levels of work-to-family conflict for workers, with working-time-autonomy being worse for men’s, and teleworking being worse for women ’s conflict levels. In countries with generous childcare policies, flexitime was associated with lower levels of work-to-family conflict, especially for women. However, in countries with long mother’s leave, working-time-autonomy was associated with even higher levels of work-to-family conflict for men. Conclusion: The results of this paper evidence how flexible working arrangements need to be introduced in a more holistic manner with possible reforms of wider range of family policies in order for flexible working to meet worker’s work-family integration demands." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How fathers' values matter for work–family decisions and partner support: a capability approach (2024)
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Den Brinker, J. S. M., T. A. M. Kooij, M. L. Van Engen, P. Peters & J. J. L. Van der Klink (2024): How fathers' values matter for work–family decisions and partner support: a capability approach. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 27, H. 4, S. 433-453. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2022.2157248
Abstract
"This qualitative study identified the values of 26 Dutch dual-earner fathers underlying their actual division of paid and unpaid work, and the role work decisions favoring their family, referred to as Family Relatedness of Work Decisions (FRWD), and received partner support played in realizing these values. We used the capability approach as theoretical framework to compare individuals on the kind of lives they value, and what constrains or enables them herein. Results showed different patterns in what is valued related to fathers’ paid workhours. Work-oriented fathers primarily valued income provision and received substantial partner support in caregiving and housework. Work–family fathers valued gender-equality in the division of labor with support from their partners both in earning and caregiving. Family–work fathers’ lack of substantially paid work hampered them in realizing their valued equal division of labor. Our results illustrated that fathers’ values shaped their time-allocation in paid and unpaid work, in synergy with FRWD and received partner support. Moreover, FRWD were more closely related to fathers’ values than to their employment type. We conclude that partner support needs to be incorporated into the FRWD framework." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Tax-benefit systems and the gender gap in income (2024)
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Doorley, Karina & Claire Keane (2024): Tax-benefit systems and the gender gap in income. In: Journal of Economic Inequality, Jg. 22, H. 2, S. 285-309. DOI:10.1007/s10888-023-09594-6
Abstract
"The gender wage gap and the gender work gap are sizable, persistent and well documented for many countries. The result of the gender wage and gender work gap combined is an income gap between men and women. A small literature has begun to examine how the tax-benefit system contributes to closing gender income gaps by redistributing between men and women. In this paper, we study the effect of tax-benefit policy on gender differences in income in the EU27 countries and the UK. We use microsimulation models linked to survey data to estimate gender gaps in market income (before taxes and transfers) and disposable income (after taxes and transfers) for each country. We then decompose the difference between the gender gap in market income and the gender gap in disposable income into the relative contribution of taxes and benefits in each country. We also isolate the relative contributions of the gender wage gap and the gender work gap to the overall gap in income between men and women in two of these countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
(Un)deserving of work-life balance? A cross country investigation of people's attitudes towards work-life balance arrangements for parents and childfree employees (2024)
Zitatform
Filippi, Silvia, Mara Yerkes, Michèlle Bal, Bryn Hummel & John de Wit (2024): (Un)deserving of work-life balance? A cross country investigation of people's attitudes towards work-life balance arrangements for parents and childfree employees. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 27, H. 1, S. 116-134. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2022.2099247
Abstract
"Work-life balance (WLB) represents a fundamental part of people’s well-being and is a key policy priority at national and organizational levels in many industrialized countries. Yet a significant gap exists in our understanding of employees’ ability to use WLB arrangements, particularly employees without children. We address this gap by exploring the perceived deservingness of childfree employees to use WLB arrangements in Italy and the Netherlands. Using a 2 × 2 experimental design, we study the perceived deservingness of childfree people to use organisational work-life balance arrangements compared to parents, with a particular focus on gender and country differences. We further investigate the attribution of priority to make use of work-life balance arrangements across these same groups. While we find no significant differences in perceptions of deservingness, the results do show significant differences in who is considered to need priority in using WLB arrangements in the workplace. Respondents attribute greater priority to female employees with children than female employees without children. The attribution of priority for male employees does not differ between parents and childfree employees. This interaction effect was only found in the Italian sample. We discuss the implications of our results for our understanding of work-life balance policy supports." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Gender Application Gap: Do Men and Women Apply for the Same Jobs? (2024)
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Fluchtmann, Jonas, Anita M. Glenny, Nikolaj A. Harmon & Jonas Maibom (2024): The Gender Application Gap: Do Men and Women Apply for the Same Jobs? In: American Economic Journal. Economic Policy, Jg. 16, H. 2, S. 182-219. DOI:10.1257/pol.20210607
Abstract
"Men and women tend to hold different jobs. Are these differences present already in the types of jobs men and women apply for? Using administrative data on job applications made by the universe of Danish unemployment insurance recipients, we provide evidence on gender differences in applied-for jobs for the broader labor market. Across a range of job characteristics, we find large gender gaps in the share of applications going to different job types even among observationally similar men and women. In a standard decomposition, gender differences in applications can explain more than 70 percent of the residual gender wage gap." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Regional government institutions and the capacity for women to reconcile career and motherhood (2024)
Zitatform
Giannantoni, Costanza & Andrés Rodríguez-Pose (2024): Regional government institutions and the capacity for women to reconcile career and motherhood. (Papers in evolutionary economic geography 2024,35), Utrecht, 44 S.
Abstract
"Declining fertility and the persistent underrepresentation of women in the labor market are key concerns of our time. The fact that they overlap is not fortuitous. Traditionally, women everywhere have faced a conflict in balancing their career ambitions with family responsibilities. Yet, the pressures arising from this conflict vary enormously from one place to another. Existing research has tended to overlook the geographical features of this dilemma, which could result in an inadequate understanding of the issue and lead to ineffective policy responses. This paper examines how variations in the quality of regional institutions affect women's capacity to reconcile career and motherhood and, consequently, gender equality within Europe. Using panel data from 216 regions across 18 European countries, we uncover a positive effect of regional institutional quality on fertility rates, taking into account variations in female employment. Moreover, we show that European regions with better government quality provide a more reliable environment for managing the career/motherhood dilemma often faced by women. In contrast, women living in regions with weaker government institutions are more constrained in both their career and childbearing options." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Great Separation: Top Earner Segregation at Work in Advanced Capitalist Economies (2024)
Godechot, Olivier ; Thaning, Max ; Melzer, Silvia Maja ; Avent-Holt, Dustin; Rainey, William; Baudour, Alexis; Sabanci, Halil ; Tomaskovic-Devey, Donald ; Cort, David ; Henriksen, Lasse; Safi, Mirna ; Hou, Feng ; Soener, Matthew ; Křížková, Alena ; Poje, Andreja; Jung, Jiwook ; Mun, Eunmi ; Bandelj, Nina ; Petersen, Trond; Hermansen, Are Skeie ; Penner, Andrew ; Apascaritei, Paula ; King, Joseph; Boza, István ; Kanjuo-Mrčela, Aleksandra; Lippényi, Zoltán ; Hajdu, Gergely; Kodama, Naomi ; Elvira, Marta M. ;Zitatform
Godechot, Olivier, Donald Tomaskovic-Devey, István Boza, Lasse Henriksen, Are Skeie Hermansen, Feng Hou, Naomi Kodama, Alena Křížková, Jiwook Jung, Zoltán Lippényi, Silvia Maja Melzer, Eunmi Mun, Halil Sabanci, Max Thaning, Dustin Avent-Holt, Nina Bandelj, Paula Apascaritei, Alexis Baudour, David Cort, Marta M. Elvira, Gergely Hajdu, Aleksandra Kanjuo-Mrčela, Joseph King, Andrew Penner, Trond Petersen, William Rainey, Mirna Safi, Matthew Soener & Andreja Poje (2024): The Great Separation: Top Earner Segregation at Work in Advanced Capitalist Economies. In: American journal of sociology, Jg. 130, H. 2, S. 439-495. DOI:10.1086/731603
Abstract
"Earnings segregation at work is an understudied topic in social science, despite the workplace being an everyday nexus for social mixing, cohesion, contact, claims-making, and resource exchange. It is all the more urgent to study as workplaces, in the last decades, have undergone profound reorganizations that could impact the magnitude and evolution of earnings segregation. Analyzing linked employer-employee panel administrative databases, we estimate the evolving isolation of higher earners from other employees in 12 countries: Canada, Czechia, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, South Korea, and Sweden. We find in almost all countries a growing workplace isolation of top earners and dramatically declining exposure of top earners to bottom earners. We do a first exploration of the main factors accounting for this trend: deindustrialization, workplace downsizing restructuring (including layoffs, outsourcing, offshoring, and subcontracting) and digitalization contribute substantially to the increase in top earner segregation. These findings open up a future research agenda on the causes and consequences of top earner segregation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A longitudinal study on the consequences of the take-up of informal care on work hours, labour market exit and workplace absenteeism due to illness (2024)
Zitatform
Josten, Edith J. C., Ellen Verbakel & Alice H. de Boer (2024): A longitudinal study on the consequences of the take-up of informal care on work hours, labour market exit and workplace absenteeism due to illness. In: Ageing & Society, Jg. 44, S. 495-518. DOI:10.1017/S0144686X22000204
Abstract
"Little is known about the effects of informal care-giving on employees' absenteeism due to illness. This paper therefore provides a longitudinal analysis of the consequences of taking on informal care-giving for men's and women's working hours and workplace absenteeism due to illness. Data were taken from the Dutch Labour Supply Panel (waves 2004–2018); 495 of the 6,452 male observations in this panel and 696 of the 5,961 female observations had taken on informal care-giving. It was tested whether respondents who became (intensive) informal carers were more likely than respondents who remained non-care-givers to reduce their work hours or stop working between waves t and t1, or to be absent from work due to illness in wave t1. (Multinomial) logistic regression analyses showed that taking on informal care reduced women's working hours when the care they provided was intensive, but not men's. The predicted probability of women reducing their work hours was 12 per cent if they had remained non-care-givers between waves t and t1, 15 per cent if they had started giving non-intensive care and 19 per cent if they had begun providing intensive help. In addition, starting to provide (non-intensive) informal care increased the risk of workplace absenteeism among both women and men. The study highlights the need for workplace policies that prevent female carers from reducing their work hours, and enable male and female carers to continue working in a healthy way." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job Amenities and the Gender Pension Gap (2024)
Zitatform
Kesternich, Iris, Marjolein Van Damme & Han Ye (2024): Job Amenities and the Gender Pension Gap. (CRC TR 224 discussion paper series / EPoS Collaborative Research Center Transregio 224 600), Bonn, 62 S.
Abstract
"One reason gender pay gaps persist is that women receive more of their total compensation through amenities. Since wages, but not amenities, increase retirement incomes, this may translate into gender pension gaps. Using a discrete choice experiment we investigate whether the valuation for amenities changes when the trade-off with pension income is made salient. We find that women value amenities more than men. Beliefs about the effect of wage changes on pension income do not show large gender differences. However, women change their choices much more strongly than men when reminded about the effects of current choices on pension income." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Child Penalties and the Gender Gap in Home Production and the Labor Market (2024)
Zitatform
Koopmans, Pim, Max van Lent & Jim Been (2024): Child Penalties and the Gender Gap in Home Production and the Labor Market. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16871), Bonn, 30 S.
Abstract
"The consequence of the arrival of children for the gender wage gap - known as the child penalty - is substantial and has been documented for many countries. Little is still known about the impact of having children beyond paid work in the labor market, such as home production. In this paper we estimate - deploying an event study with Dutch survey data - the child penalty in both home production and the labor market. In line with the literature we find no labor market effects for men. For women we find a strong reduction in work hours and lower wages. However, we find an increase in home production for women roughly similar to the decline in paid work. Consequently, time allocated to the labor market plus home production is roughly equal across gender before and after the arrival of children. This result rejects the hypothesis that women substitute paid work for leisure after the arrival of children." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehr – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug