Gender und Arbeitsmarkt
Das Themendossier "Gender und Arbeitsmarkt" bietet wissenschaftliche und politiknahe Veröffentlichungen zu den Themen Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen und Männern, Müttern und Vätern, Berufsrückkehrenden, Betreuung/Pflege und Arbeitsteilung in der Familie, Work-Life-Management, Determinanten der Erwerbsbeteiligung, geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede, familien- und steuerpolitische Regelungen sowie Arbeitsmarktpolitik für Frauen und Männer.
Mit dem Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehr – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
The Role of Parental Leave Policies in Mitigating Child Penalties: Insights from Italy (2025)
Zitatform
Biasi, Paola & Maria De Paola (2025): The Role of Parental Leave Policies in Mitigating Child Penalties: Insights from Italy. In: Economics Letters. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112355
Abstract
"This study examines child penalties for mothers and fathers in Italy by using novel administrative data. Relying on an event study approach, we find that childbirth affects mothers' earnings negatively, while fathers' earnings remain largely unaffected. However, when leave allowances are included in earnings, the child penalty for women nearly disappears in the year of childbirth and drops by more than half in the following year. Subsequently mothers’ earnings quickly return to pre-birth levels, but never catch up to fathers' earnings, which follow an upward trajectory, increasing by approximately 46% seven years after childbirth." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
When Mothers Out-Earn Fathers: Effects on Fathers' Decisions to Take Paternity and Parental Leave (2025)
Zitatform
Biasi, Paola, Maria De Paola & Francesca Gioia (2025): When Mothers Out-Earn Fathers: Effects on Fathers' Decisions to Take Paternity and Parental Leave. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17601), Bonn, 36 S.
Abstract
"This study investigates the influence of the male breadwinner norm on fathers' decisions regarding childcare responsibilities. We study the complex interplay between economic factors and gender norms in shaping the division of household labor within families by analyzing the impact a breadwinning mother has on fathers' choices regarding paternity leave (fully subsidized) and parental leave (partially or not subsidized). We exploit administrative data, provided by the Italian National Security Institute (INPS), including demographic and working characteristics of both parents together with information on the use of paternity and parental leave by fathers in the 2013-2023 period. We find that, in line with the "doing gender" hypothesis, when the leave is fully subsidized, as for paternity leave, fathers are less likely to engage in childcare when their wives earn more than they do. In contrast, this dynamic does not apply in cases of parental leave, where the economic costs of aligning with the gender norm are substantial. The effects we find are robust when replacing the actual probability of there being an out-earning mother with the potential probability and are amplified by the salience of the gender identity norm." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Increased childcare to promote mothers’ employment in selected EU countries (2025)
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Narazani, Edlira, Ana Agúndez García, Michael Christl & Francesco Figari (2025): Increased childcare to promote mothers’ employment in selected EU countries. In: Journal of Policy Modeling, S. 1-22. DOI:10.1016/j.jpolmod.2024.12.005
Abstract
"This paper provides evidence of the maternal labor supply effects of increased childcare availability in a set of EU Member States based on the behavioural microsimulation model EUROLAB, that uses a labor market equilibrium model to encompass the demand side. Our findings indicate that achieving higher childcare participation rates would result in an overall increase in the labor supply of mothers with children below 3, with variations across countries. Furthermore, the labor demand side moderates slightly the final employment effect, but employment is still expected to rise substantially vis a vis the baseline situation. In countries like Hungary and Poland, where formal childcare and female labor participation are low, the expected impact on employment is likely to be higher. Conversely, in countries like Portugal the changes in employment are more modest. These findings indicate that universal, one-size-fits-all targets may not be efficient in the EU, given significant variations across countries in terms of labor market participation and childcare systems. Thus, tailored childcare policies that account for country-specific contexts within the EU are recommended." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Society for Policy Modeling. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Post-pandemic remote work and the Italian care model: constraint or opportunity? (2025)
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Recchi, Sara, Anne-Iris Romens & Gemma Scalise (2025): Post-pandemic remote work and the Italian care model: constraint or opportunity? In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 45, H. 13/14, S. 19-33. DOI:10.1108/ijssp-10-2024-0497
Abstract
"Purpose: Building on Mary Daly’s typology of care policies, this article explores whether and to what extent remote work in post-pandemic times is still considered a tool to cope with the limits of care measures, despite the exit from the emergency phase. We argue that in countries characterized by a familialistic care regime, such as Italy, there is a risk that the adoption of remote work may be distorted by limited conciliation tools and care provisions and fosters gender inequalities. Design/methodology/approach The article is based on a case study on Milan, which is an interesting context for multiple reasons. Italy is characterised by limited conciliation tools, weak childcare provisions and significant gender inequalities in the labor market, but in Milan female employment is well above the national average and remote work is more widespread. The research is qualitatively driven, as it is built upon interviews with remote workers, HR managers and union officials. These data are completed with a survey that involved 285 remote workers. Findings Remote work continues to be used by parents as a substitute tool to compensate for underdeveloped public care services and employment-related provisions. Moreover, this practice affects gender inequalities, as women are more inclined to perform their tasks remotely overtime and in spaces not dedicated to work. Originality/value While several studies have stressed the impact of remote work on work-life balance and the unequal gender distribution of care work during the pandemic, there is little knowledge about what is happening in the post-pandemic period." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The role of non-base compensation in explaining the motherhood wage gap: Evidence from Italy (2024)
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Badaoui, Eliane, Eleonora Matteazzi & Vincenzo Prete (2024): The role of non-base compensation in explaining the motherhood wage gap: Evidence from Italy. In: Kyklos, Jg. 77, H. 4, S. 873-894. DOI:10.1111/kykl.12393
Abstract
"This paper underlines the importance of accounting for non-base compensation in explaining the motherhood wage gap. We consider two alternative measures of hourly wage using Italian EU-SILC data from 2007 to 2019: the base-wage and the full-wage . The former refers to the contractual base wage, while the latter includes performance-based bonuses, productivity bonuses, commissions, pay incentives, and other extra payments. We address the endogeneity issues of motherhood and examine the effect of motherhood status across various quantiles of the wage distribution for the two hourly wage measures. Empirical findings provide evidence of a motherhood base-wage premium, which becomes nonsignificant when using the full-wage measure, suggesting that non-base compensation is a source of inequality for mothers. These findings are consistent across the wage distribution. Exploring potential heterogeneity across macro-regions and periods, we find no notable regional disparities except minor distinctions for the Southern regions, alongside a decline in the base-wage premium over time and the emergence of a full-wage penalty in recent years. A comparative analysis with a sample of men reveals that fathers enjoy a premium with both wage measures. Nevertheless, fatherhood is also associated with reduced extra remunerations, yet to a lesser extent than motherhood." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Trapped in the care burden: occupational downward mobility of Italian couples after childbirth (2024)
Zitatform
Barbieri, Teresa, Michele Bavaro & Valeria Cirillo (2024): Trapped in the care burden: occupational downward mobility of Italian couples after childbirth. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 1475), Essen, 36 S.
Abstract
"How does childbirth impact the career paths of men and women within the same household? To what extent does the unpaid care work related to this event contribute to the downward mobility experienced by women in a highly flexible labour market like Italy? Drawing on feminist and labour market studies, this article examines how caregiving responsibilities, particularly childcare, influence downward employment transitions for men and women in couples, specifically from full-time to part-time, from higher-paid to lower-paid jobs, and from employment to unemployment. The study also employs latent class analysis to map out variations in within-household inequality experienced after childbirth among couples. To achieve this, we utilize a unique survey-administrative linked dataset. The findings highlight significant penalties faced by women, not only immediately after childbirth but persisting for up to three years afterwards. Moreover, the latent class analysis reveals a small proportion of pro-female households compared to egalitarian and pro-male classes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of Covid-19 lockdown on the gender gap in the Italian labour market (2024)
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Bettin, Giulia, Isabella Giorgetti & Stefano Staffolani (2024): The impact of Covid-19 lockdown on the gender gap in the Italian labour market. In: Review of Economics of the Household, Jg. 22, H. 1, S. 1-33. DOI:10.1007/s11150-023-09659-5
Abstract
"We study the gendered impact of the nationwide lockdown (March–May 2020) due to the Covid-19 pandemic on the Italian labour market. Based on Labour Force Survey data on the first three quarters of 2020, we define a Triple Difference-in-Differences (DDD) strategy by exploiting the exact timing of the lockdown implementation. After controlling for several individual and job-related characteristics, we found that in non essential sectors (treated group) the lockdown enlarged pre-existent gender inequalities in the extensive margin of employment: the probability of job loss got 0.7 p.p. higher among female workers compared to their male counterparts, and this difference was mainly detected during the reopening period rather than in the strict lockdown phase. The probability to benefit from the wage guarantee fund (CIG), a subsidy traditionally granted by the government for partial or full–time hours reduction, was also higher for female compared to male treated workers (3.6 p.p.), both during the lockdown and in the reopening phase. This marks a great change with respect to the past, as the application of short-term work compensation schemes was traditionally restricted to male-dominated sectors of employment. On the other hand, no significant gender differences emerged among the treated group either in the intensive margin (working hours) or in terms of remote working, at least in the medium-term." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does Working from Home Increase the Gender Wage Gap? Insights from an Italian Survey of Occupations (2024)
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Bonacini, Luca, Giovanni Gallo & Sergio Scicchitano (2024): Does Working from Home Increase the Gender Wage Gap? Insights from an Italian Survey of Occupations. In: Feminist economics, Jg. 30, H. 2, S. 53-88. DOI:10.1080/13545701.2024.2326509
Abstract
"This article investigates to what extent the working from home (WFH) feasibility of occupations can influence the gender wag gap (GWG) at the mean and along the wage distribution. Based on Oaxaca–Blinder decompositions and unconditional quantile regressions, results show that the GWG is greater among women working in an occupation with a high level of WFH feasibility. We find evidence of both sticky floor and glass ceiling effects for employees with high WFH feasibility and only a sticky floor effect for the group with low WFH feasibility. The positive association revealed between the level of WFH feasibility and the GWG appears particularly strong among older and married women employees. These results underscore that the WFH feasibility may play an important role in exacerbating future gender gaps in wages, as WFH is expected to remain a normal practice beyond the COVID-19 pandemic." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Anspruch und Wirklichkeit bei der Verringerung geschlechtsabhängiger Lohnunterschiede in der Europäischen Union (2024)
Böttcher, Annika Claudia;Zitatform
Böttcher, Annika Claudia (2024): Anspruch und Wirklichkeit bei der Verringerung geschlechtsabhängiger Lohnunterschiede in der Europäischen Union. (Discussion papers des Harriet Taylor Mill-Instituts für Ökonomie und Geschlechterforschung der Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Recht Berlin 48), Berlin, 77 S.
Abstract
"Die Entgeltgleichheit von Männern und Frauen bei gleicher Tätigkeit ist eines der erklärten Ziele der EU-Gleichstellungsstrategie. Dennoch existiert bis heute in fast allen Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union ein Verdienstgefälle zu Ungunsten der weiblichen Erwerbstätigen. Dieses Phänomen setzt sich im Anschluss an das Erwerbsleben in Form des Rentengefälles fort. Der Beitrag reiht sich ein in die aktuelle Debatte zur geschlechtergerechten und chancengleichen Arbeitswelt. Er eröffnet insbesondere eine neue Vergleichsperspektive auf drei ausgewählte Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union. Zentrale Leitfrage ist, ob die bisherigen Maßnahmen der Europäischen Union zur Verringerung geschlechtsabhängiger Lohnunterschiede zielführend und ausreichend waren bzw. sind, also ob der formulierte Anspruch der Europäischen Union der europäischen Wirklichkeit omnipräsenter Lohndifferenzen zwischen männlichen und weiblichen Erwerbstätigen genügend Rechnung trägt. Trotz einheitlicher Strategien und Maßnahmenpakete der Europäischen Union für die Erreichung von Geschlechtergerechtigkeit vollziehen sich in den Mitgliedstaaten diametrale Entwicklungen. Insgesamt ist das bisherige Commitment der EU zur Verringerung des Lohngefälles zwischen Männern und Frauen bei weitem nicht ausreichend. Die EU ist und bleibt primär eine Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Inequalities in Academic Work during COVID-19: The Intersection of Gender, Class, and Individuals’ Life-Course Stage (2024)
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Carreri, Anna, Manuela Naldini & Alessia Tuselli (2024): Inequalities in Academic Work during COVID-19: The Intersection of Gender, Class, and Individuals’ Life-Course Stage. In: Social Sciences, Jg. 13, H. 3. DOI:10.3390/socsci13030162
Abstract
"Research studies on academic work and the COVID-19 crisis have clearly shown that the pandemic crisis contributed to exacerbating pre-existing gender gaps. Although the research has been extensive in this regard, it has focused more on the widening of the “motherhood penalty”, while other groups of academics are blurred. Even more underinvestigated and not yet fully explained are the intersections between further axes of diversity, often because the research conducted during the pandemic was based on a small volume of in-depth data. By drawing on interview data from a wider national research project, this article aims to contribute to this debate by adopting an intersectional approach. In investigating daily working life and work–life balance during the pandemic of a highly heterogeneous sample of 127 Italian academics, this article sheds light on how gender combines with other axes of asymmetry, particularly class (precarious versus stable and prestigious career positions) and age (individuals’ life-course stage), to produce specific conditions of interrelated (dis)advantage for some academics. The analysis reveals three household and family life course types that embody the interlocking of gender, class, and age within a specific social location with unequal, and possibly long-term, consequences for the quality of working life, well-being, and careers of academics, living alone or with parents, couples without children or with grown-up children, and couples with young children and other family members in need of care." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mom's Out: Employment after Childbirth and Firm-Level Responses (2024)
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Carta, Francesca, Alessandra Casarico, Marta De Philippis & Salvatore Lattanzio (2024): Mom's Out: Employment after Childbirth and Firm-Level Responses. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16908), Bonn, 31 S.
Abstract
"This paper explores how firms respond to the exit of mothers from the labour market after childbirth. As an exogenous shifter in mothers' quits, we use a policy reform that extended the potential duration of unemployment benefits, which Italian mothers can receive also upon resigning within 12 months of giving birth. In response to the reform, we find that mothers have a higher probability of quitting in the first year after childbirth, a slightly decreased likelihood of being laid off, and a greater probability of remaining non-employed for at least 3 years following childbirth. Firms employing more exposed mothers respond by signicantly increasing net hiring and turnover, especially of young women. The surge in women's hiring primarily occurs through temporary contracts that are not converted into permanent ones, implying a persistent increase in the share of female temporary jobs. This outcome suggests the presence of statistical discrimination, manifesting through a decline in the quality of job opportunities available to women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
What Firms Do: Gender Inequality in Linked Employer-Employee Data (2024)
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Casarico, Alessandra & Salvatore Lattanzio (2024): What Firms Do: Gender Inequality in Linked Employer-Employee Data. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 42, H. 2, S. 325-355. DOI:10.1086/723177
Abstract
"We study the extent to which employer heterogeneity affects gender gaps in earnings across the distribution, over time, and over the life cycle, accounting for cohort effects. Using a linked employer-employee dataset for Italy, we show that the gender gap in firm pay premia explains 34 percent of the mean gender pay gap, mainly due to between-firm components. Within-firm differences are more important at the top of the distribution, and have become more relevant over time. Gender differences in mobility towards firms with higher pay premia and within-firm gender inequality partly explain the gender gap in firm pay premia" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
National family policies and the association between flexible working arrangements and work-to-family conflict across Europe (2024)
Zitatform
Chung, Heejung (2024): National family policies and the association between flexible working arrangements and work-to-family conflict across Europe. In: Journal of Family Research, Jg. 36, S. 229-249. DOI:10.20377/jfr-1002
Abstract
"Objective: This paper explores how national family policies moderate the association between flexible working arrangements and work-to-family conflict across countries. Background: Although flexible working is provided to enhance work-family integration, studies show that it can in fact increase work-to-family conflict. However, certain policy contexts can help moderate this association by introducing contexts that enable workers to use of flexible working arrangements to better meet their family and other life demands. Method: The paper uses the European Working Conditions Survey of 2015 including data from workers with caring responsibilities from across 30 European countries. It uses a multilevel cross-level interaction model to examine how family policies, such as childcare and parental leave policies, can explain the cross-national variation in the association between flexible working arrangements, that is flexitime, working-time autonomy, and teleworking, and work-to-family conflict. Results: At the European average, flexible working was associated with higher levels of work-to-family conflict for workers, with working-time-autonomy being worse for men’s, and teleworking being worse for women ’s conflict levels. In countries with generous childcare policies, flexitime was associated with lower levels of work-to-family conflict, especially for women. However, in countries with long mother’s leave, working-time-autonomy was associated with even higher levels of work-to-family conflict for men. Conclusion: The results of this paper evidence how flexible working arrangements need to be introduced in a more holistic manner with possible reforms of wider range of family policies in order for flexible working to meet worker’s work-family integration demands." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender Quotas, Board Diversity and Spillover Effects. Evidence from Italian Banks (2024)
Zitatform
Del Prete, Silvia, Giulio Papini & Marco Tonello (2024): Gender Quotas, Board Diversity and Spillover Effects. Evidence from Italian Banks. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 1368), Essen, 48 S.
Abstract
"We study the impact of a law, which required the increase of the proportion of women on boards of listed companies to at least one third. We look at its impact on listed banks, but also test whether it led to spillovers into non-listed banks belonging to listed groups or along other board diversity dimensions. Using administrative data, we compare diversity measures of boards of listed and non-listed banks in listed groups with those in non-listed groups, before and after the introduction of the law, in a difference-in-differences specifi- cation. We find that the imposition of the gender quota only changed the composition of the boards of listed banks, with no effect on their economic performance, nor spillovers on other non-listed banks in listed groups. The law enhanced diversity of boards of listed banks, also along individual characteristics other than gender." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender quotas, board diversity and spillover effects. Evidence from Italian banks (2024)
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Del Prete, Silvia, Giulio Papini & Marco Tonello (2024): Gender quotas, board diversity and spillover effects. Evidence from Italian banks. In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Jg. 221, S. 148-173. DOI:10.1016/j.jebo.2024.03.019
Abstract
"We study the impact of a law, which required the increase of the proportion of women on boards of listed companies to at least one third. We look at its impact on listed banks, but also test whether it led to spillovers into non-listed banks belonging to listed groups or along board diversity dimensions other than gender. Using administrative data, we compare diversity measures of boards of listed and non-listed banks in listed groups with those in non-listed groups, before and after the introduction of the law, in a difference-in-differences specification. We find that the gender quota law only changed the composition of the boards of listed banks, with no effects on their economic performance, nor relevant spillovers on other non-listed banks in listed groups. The law also enhanced diversity on boards of directors of listed banks along individual characteristics other than gender." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Goldin's Last Chapter on the Gender Pay Gap: An Exploratory Analysis Using Italian Data (2024)
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Destefanis, Sergio, Fernanda Mazzotta & Lavinia Parisi (2024): Goldin's Last Chapter on the Gender Pay Gap: An Exploratory Analysis Using Italian Data. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 38, H. 2, S. 549-572. DOI:10.1177/09500170221143724
Abstract
"This article explores the application to Italy of Goldin’s hypothesis that the unexplained gender pay gap is crucially linked to firms’ incentive to disproportionately reward individuals who work long and particular hours. The study draws mainly on Italian responses to the 2014 European Structure of Earnings Survey for data on earnings and the individual characteristics of employees and their employer, but also uses data from the Occupational Information Network and the Italian Sample Survey on Professions to measure characteristics reflecting the work context within occupations. For graduate and non-graduate workers, the results reveal a positive relationship between various measures of the unexplained gender pay gap and the elasticity of earnings with respect to work hours. For graduate workers, in accordance with Goldin’s hypothesis, both these variables are correlated with the occupational characteristics that impose earnings penalties on workers seeking more workplace flexibility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Commuting in dual-earner households: international gender differences with time use surveys (2024)
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Echeverría, Lucía, J. Ignacio Giménez-Nadal & José Alberto Molina (2024): Commuting in dual-earner households: international gender differences with time use surveys. In: Review of Economics of the Household, S. 1-23. DOI:10.1007/s11150-024-09726-5
Abstract
"Prior studies show men commute longer than women, often due to household responsibilities. However, research on commuting differences within couples is limited. This study examines gender gaps in commuting times and mode choices among dual-earner couples in Spain, Italy, South Korea, and the UK. Using Ordinary Least Squares regressions, we find that the presence of children significantly increases gender gaps in commuting times in Italy and the UK, supporting the household responsibility hypothesis. Conversely, no significant link between children and gender gaps is observed in Spain and Korea. Additionally, children’s presence affects commuting mode choices in Italy across all modes, and in Korea for public transit only, with Italian women showing the most changes in commuting mode when children are present." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
(Un)deserving of work-life balance? A cross country investigation of people's attitudes towards work-life balance arrangements for parents and childfree employees (2024)
Zitatform
Filippi, Silvia, Mara Yerkes, Michèlle Bal, Bryn Hummel & John de Wit (2024): (Un)deserving of work-life balance? A cross country investigation of people's attitudes towards work-life balance arrangements for parents and childfree employees. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 27, H. 1, S. 116-134. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2022.2099247
Abstract
"Work-life balance (WLB) represents a fundamental part of people’s well-being and is a key policy priority at national and organizational levels in many industrialized countries. Yet a significant gap exists in our understanding of employees’ ability to use WLB arrangements, particularly employees without children. We address this gap by exploring the perceived deservingness of childfree employees to use WLB arrangements in Italy and the Netherlands. Using a 2 × 2 experimental design, we study the perceived deservingness of childfree people to use organisational work-life balance arrangements compared to parents, with a particular focus on gender and country differences. We further investigate the attribution of priority to make use of work-life balance arrangements across these same groups. While we find no significant differences in perceptions of deservingness, the results do show significant differences in who is considered to need priority in using WLB arrangements in the workplace. Respondents attribute greater priority to female employees with children than female employees without children. The attribution of priority for male employees does not differ between parents and childfree employees. This interaction effect was only found in the Italian sample. We discuss the implications of our results for our understanding of work-life balance policy supports." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Regional government institutions and the capacity for women to reconcile career and motherhood (2024)
Zitatform
Giannantoni, Costanza & Andrés Rodríguez-Pose (2024): Regional government institutions and the capacity for women to reconcile career and motherhood. (Papers in evolutionary economic geography 2024,35), Utrecht, 44 S.
Abstract
"Declining fertility and the persistent underrepresentation of women in the labor market are key concerns of our time. The fact that they overlap is not fortuitous. Traditionally, women everywhere have faced a conflict in balancing their career ambitions with family responsibilities. Yet, the pressures arising from this conflict vary enormously from one place to another. Existing research has tended to overlook the geographical features of this dilemma, which could result in an inadequate understanding of the issue and lead to ineffective policy responses. This paper examines how variations in the quality of regional institutions affect women's capacity to reconcile career and motherhood and, consequently, gender equality within Europe. Using panel data from 216 regions across 18 European countries, we uncover a positive effect of regional institutional quality on fertility rates, taking into account variations in female employment. Moreover, we show that European regions with better government quality provide a more reliable environment for managing the career/motherhood dilemma often faced by women. In contrast, women living in regions with weaker government institutions are more constrained in both their career and childbearing options." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The gender wage gap among PhDs in Italy. Are research jobs a shield against wage discrimination? (2024)
Zitatform
Grassi, Emanuele & Marco Savioli (2024): The gender wage gap among PhDs in Italy. Are research jobs a shield against wage discrimination? (Working paper series / Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis 24-10), Waterloo (Ontario), 38 S.
Abstract
"The study investigates the gender wage gap among PhD recipients in Italy, focusing on whether research-oriented jobs mitigate wage discrimination. Utilizing data from the Professional Integration Survey of PhDs, it employs quantile and Recentered Influence Function regressions to analyze wage disparities across the wage distribution. Findings reveal a persistent gender wage gap across all quantiles, with research jobs offering a wage premium that does not entirely close the gap. The analysis contributes to understanding the impact of occupational segregation and job types on wage disparities, suggesting policy interventions to address gender wage inequalities in academia and beyond. The paper highlights the need for further research and policy efforts to achieve gender parity in professional fields, particularly high-skilled sectors like private and public research entities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehr – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug