Gender und Arbeitsmarkt
Das Themendossier "Gender und Arbeitsmarkt" bietet wissenschaftliche und politiknahe Veröffentlichungen zu den Themen Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen und Männern, Müttern und Vätern, Berufsrückkehrenden, Betreuung/Pflege und Arbeitsteilung in der Familie, Work-Life-Management, Determinanten der Erwerbsbeteiligung, geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede, familien- und steuerpolitische Regelungen sowie Arbeitsmarktpolitik für Frauen und Männer.
Mit dem Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehr – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
Women's Career Success in the Financial Services Industry: Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Directions (2025)
Zitatform
Baeckström, Ylva, Nina Rezec & Michael E. Clinton (2025): Women's Career Success in the Financial Services Industry: Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Directions. In: Gender, work & organization. DOI:10.1111/gwao.13253
Abstract
"Notorious for its homogeneous hierarchies, the financial services industry needs, yet haemorrhages, talented women. This, in combination with severe underrepresentation of women in senior leadership roles and an unproportionally large gender pay gap, warrants scholarly attention. To summarize existing work and propose future impactful research directions, this paper provides a systematic review of the literature about women's careers in financial services. Our analysis of 150 articles published between 2000 and 2023 demonstrates the presence of persistent gender stereotyping and pervasive career disadvantages for women and mothers. We illustrate this within an input–process–output–solutions framework that can inform future research and policy formation. Governments have an important role in ensuring equal policies for all genders, regardless of parenting status. Firms need to establish fair policies that support the careers of all employees and embed these values throughout their organizations. Consistent attention to these can challenge the systemic gender inequality in the financial services industry and improve business performance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender Inequality in the Labor Market: Continuing Progress? (2025)
Zitatform
Blau, Francine D. (2025): Gender Inequality in the Labor Market: Continuing Progress? In: ILR review, Jg. 78, H. 2, S. 275-303. DOI:10.1177/00197939241308844
Abstract
"This article examines the trends in women ’s economic outcomes in the United States, focusing primarily on labor force participation, occupational attainment, and the gender wage gap. Considerable progress was made on all dimensions prior to the 1990s followed by a slowing or stalling of gains thereafter, with a plateauing of female labor force participation trends and a slowing of women’s occupational and wage convergence with men. The author considers the likelihood that progress in narrowing gender gaps will resume in these areas, and concludes it is unlikely without policy intervention. She then considers new policy initiatives to address work–family issues and labor market discrimination that may help to increase female labor force participation and narrow gender inequities in the labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unpacking the Link between Service Sector and Female Employment: Cross-Country Evidence (2025)
Coskun Dalgic, Sena; Sengul, Gonul;Zitatform
Coskun Dalgic, Sena & Gonul Sengul (2025): Unpacking the Link between Service Sector and Female Employment: Cross-Country Evidence. (IAB-Discussion Paper 08/2025), Nürnberg, 25 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.DP.2508
Abstract
"Der starke Anstieg der Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen war in den letzten Jahrzehnten ein bestimmendes Merkmal der hochentwickelten Volkswirtschaften. Dieses Papier untersucht die länderübergreifenden Unterschiede im Zusammenhang zwischen der Expansion des Dienstleistungssektors und der Beschäftigung von Frauen in Europa und den USA. Wir schätzen die Elastizität der Frauenbeschäftigung im Verhältnis zur Beschäftigung im Dienstleistungssektor und decken erhebliche Unterschiede zwischen den Ländern hinsichtlich der Stärke auf, mit der der weibliche Anteil an den Arbeitsstunden auf die Expansion des Dienstleistungssektors reagiert. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass diese Elastizität in Ländern mit einem stärkeren Strukturwandel und einer höheren weiblichen Beschäftigungsintensität im Unternehmensdienstleistungssektor höher ist. Darüber hinaus ist eine höhere weibliche Beschäftigungsintensität im Unternehmensdienstleistungssektor mit einem größeren Lebensmittel- und Beherbergungssektor verbunden. Diese Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass Länder mit einer stärkeren Umverteilung von der Industrie zum Dienstleistungssektor einen stärkeren Anstieg der weiblichen Beschäftigung erlebten, da ihr expandierender Unternehmensdienstleistungssektor zusätzliches Wachstum im Lebensmittel- und Beherbergungssektor erzeugte und Frauen dadurch stärker in die Erwerbsarbeit zog." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Partnerships as signposts? The role of spatial mobility in gendered earnings benefits of graduates (2025)
Zitatform
Detemple, Jonas (2025): Partnerships as signposts? The role of spatial mobility in gendered earnings benefits of graduates. In: Advances in life course research, Jg. 63. DOI:10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100656
Abstract
"This study analyzes the gender-specific impact of spatial mobility on earnings after graduation from higher education, extending previous research on graduates’ mobility benefits, which has largely ignored gender-specific mechanisms. Based on household economic and gender role considerations, this study argues that partnerships are associated with solidifying gender differences in mobility-related earnings benefits. The study uses data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), Starting Cohort First-Year Students (SC5), and applies entropy balancing weights to account for the self-selection of mobile graduates. General linear models show a weak correlation between overal graduate mobility and higher earnings and that gender differences are rather small and depend on the type of mobility. However, looking at the role of partnerships, female graduates benefit significantly less from short-distance mobility when cohabiting with a partner than their non-cohabiting counterparts, while cohabiting male graduates benefit significantly more from long-distance mobility. The findings contribute to the literature by highlighting the crucial role of partnerships in the gendered mobility benefits of graduates." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Author. Published by Elsevier Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender differences in paid work over time: Developments and challenges in comparative research (2025)
Zitatform
Hipp, Lena & Kristin Kelley (2025): Gender differences in paid work over time: Developments and challenges in comparative research. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 20. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0322871
Abstract
"This paper examines gender differences in paid work over time and illustrates the pitfalls encountered by any comparative research that only considers either labor force participation rates or average working hours. To do so, we analyze harmonized survey data from Europe and the United States from 1992 to 2022 (N = 43,283,172) and show that more progress was made in closing gender gaps in labor force participation rates than in working hours. In most countries, women’s labor force participation rates increased considerably, but their average working hours decreased, whereas both men’s labor force participation rates and average working hours decreased or stagnated (but nonetheless still remained much higher than women’s). We show and argue that these countervailing trends in working hours and labor force participation rates make it difficult to paint a coherent picture of cross-national differences in women ’s and men’s paid work and of changes over time. In response, we propose “work volume” as a supplementary or alternative measure for any type of comparative research. Work volume records zero working hours for nonemployed individuals and thus allows straightforward comparisons between women’s and men’s (or any other groups’) involvement in paid work. Using the proposed work volume measure, we show that gender gaps in paid work decreased over time, but that even in 2022, men’s involvement in paid work remained considerably higher than women’s—with gender gaps being lowest in the Scandinavian and the former Communist countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Strukturwandel am Arbeitsmarkt durch die ökologische Transformation - Folgen für Geschlechterverhältnisse auf dem Arbeitsmarkt: Expertise für den Vierten Gleichstellungsbericht der Bundesregierung (2025)
Zitatform
Hohendanner, Christian, Markus Janser & Florian Lehmer (2025): Strukturwandel am Arbeitsmarkt durch die ökologische Transformation - Folgen für Geschlechterverhältnisse auf dem Arbeitsmarkt. Expertise für den Vierten Gleichstellungsbericht der Bundesregierung. Berlin, 94 S.
Abstract
"Die vorliegende Expertise untersucht erstmals quantitativ die strukturellen Veränderungen des Arbeitsmarktes in Deutschland im Hinblick auf geschlechtsbezogene Aspekte, die im Zuge der ökologischen Transformation entstehen. Wir verwenden hierfür einen Tasks-basierten Ansatz zur Identifikation der betroffenen Akteur*innen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt. Dazu werden der Greenness-of-Jobs Index (GOJI) (Janser 2019, 2024), das IAB-Berufepanel (Version 2012-2022, inkl. GOJI) sowie deskriptive Statistiken auf Basis des IAB-Betriebspanels herangezogen. Das IAB-Berufepanel wie die Auswertungen des IAB-Betriebspanels sind auf der Homepage des IAB öffentlich zugänglich und können für weitere Analysen genutzt werden. Zusätzlich werden Maßnahmen diskutiert, die helfen könnten, mögliche Ungleichheiten in der ökologischen Transformation abzufedern und zu überwinden. Ziel der Expertise ist es, den Sachverständigen für den Vierten Gleichstellungsbericht eine fundierte empirische Grundlage zu den Veränderungen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt und deren potenziellen Folgen für Geschlechterverhältnisse durch die ökologische Transformation zu liefern. Die Expertise zeigt auf, inwiefern Frauen und Männer gleichermaßen oder unterschiedlich von den Entwicklungen des Arbeitsmarktes profitieren bzw. betroffen sind. Es wird dargestellt, in welchen Branchen und Berufen sich Tätigkeitsfelder verändert haben und neue Beschäftigungsverhältnisse entstanden bzw. weggefallen sind – jeweils mit besonderem Fokus auf die Unterschiede zwischen Frauen und Männern. Vor dem Hintergrund aller zusammengetragenen Erkenntnisse wird abschließend diskutiert, inwiefern die bisherigen Ergebnisse darauf hindeuten, dass sich geschlechtsbezogene Unterschiede bzw. Ungleichheiten auf dem Arbeitsmarkt in der ökologischen Transformation eher angleichen oder weiter auseinanderentwickeln." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Female-Specific Labor Regulation and Employment: Historical Evidence from the United States (2025)
Kattan, Lamis; Haddad, Joanne;Zitatform
Kattan, Lamis & Joanne Haddad (2025): Female-Specific Labor Regulation and Employment: Historical Evidence from the United States. In: Journal of labor economics, S. 1-67. DOI:10.1086/736151
Abstract
"We examine the causal impact of three unexplored female-specific Labor regulation: seating, health and safety and night-work regulations, on female gainful employment. Our findings indicate that laws regulating working conditions and restricting night-work increased female employment by 4% to 8%. Heterogeneous effects reveal that younger and married women without children witnessed the largest increase in employment. Additionally, native,higher-class and educated women were incentivized to join the workforce. The affected categories of women suggest that these regulations played a crucialrole in altering societal norms and women’s attitudes and incentives towards employment, leading to an increase in female labor supply." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Female Breadwinners’ Health and Well-Being: How Do Individual Gender Attitudes and Societal Gender Culture Matter? (2025)
Zitatform
Lee, Sangsoo (2025): Female Breadwinners’ Health and Well-Being: How Do Individual Gender Attitudes and Societal Gender Culture Matter? In: Social indicators research, S. 1-26. DOI:10.1007/s11205-025-03562-5
Abstract
"It is well-known that female breadwinning is negatively associated with women’s health and well-being, and that this negative relationship tends to be moderated by individuals’ gender attitudes. This study aims to contribute to the existing literature in two ways. First, this study uses a more direct measure of individuals’ aversion to female breadwinning. Second, this study considers societal gender culture beyond individual gender attitudes by applying the gender deviation and gender social stress frameworks from a multilevel perspective. Applying linear regression models with country-fixed effects to approximately 24,045 married women in 61 countries from the seventh wave of the World Values Survey, this study shows that female breadwinners are disadvantaged in their subjective well-being compared to those not serving as breadwinners only when they are averse to female breadwinning. This study also finds that the adverse health and well-being outcomes associated with being the female breadwinner are accentuated in countries with stronger societal aversion to female breadwinning, net of individual gender attitudes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job creation, job destruction, and fertility in Germany (2025)
Luo, Chen; Jarosz, Ewa;Zitatform
Luo, Chen & Ewa Jarosz (2025): Job creation, job destruction, and fertility in Germany. In: Demographic Research, Jg. 52, S. 383-414. DOI:10.4054/demres.2025.52.13
Abstract
"Background: Labor market dynamics, such as job creation and job destruction, bear different associations with fertility. The relationship between job loss and fertility has been a core topic in family demography. However, little attention has been paid to examining how the expansion of some industries is associated with childbearing. Objective: This study investigates how job creation and job destruction are associated with regional-level total fertility rates in Germany. By including gender-specific job creation and destruction, it also aims to explore the drivers behind gender differences in the employment–fertility nexus. Methods: We use data from 400 NUTS 3 regions in Germany covering the period from 2008 to 2020. Spatial panel data modelling is used to examine the association between the creation and destruction of jobs and regional fertility rates. The approach allows us to identify both temporal and spatial processes associated with fertility. Results: We find a positive association between jobs created for female workers and regional fertility rates. Conversely, job destruction among male workers is negatively associated with regional fertility rates. Industry-level analyses suggest that particularly for women, the characteristics of the newly created jobs could matter for childbearing. Contribution: This study provides a nuanced picture of the association between job creation, job destruction, and fertility. In particular, our findings highlight gender differences in the relationship between dynamic labor market processes and childbearing. The relatively high degree of job creation, particularly in the female-dominated industries, might have contributed to the increase in fertility in Germany since 2009." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Max-Planck-Institut für demographische Forschung) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Singles, Couples, and Their Labor Supply: Long-Run Trends and Short-Run Fluctuations (2025)
Olsson, Jonna;Zitatform
Olsson, Jonna (2025): Singles, Couples, and Their Labor Supply: Long-Run Trends and Short-Run Fluctuations. In: American Economic Journal. Macroeconomics, Jg. 17, H. 1, S. 1-34. DOI:10.1257/mac.20200449
Abstract
"Women's increased involvement in the economy has been an important change in labor markets during the past century. I show that a macroeconomic model taking into account gender and household composition in an otherwise parsimonious off-the-shelf setting captures key historical labor supply facts regarding trend and volatility across subgroups. Evaluating the economy's response to aggregate shocks at different points in time shows that the underlying trend growth in married women's employment contributed to the perceived quick employment recoveries after recessions before 1990, and the absence of growth thereafter consequently helps explain the more recent slower recoveries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Female labor force participation and development: improving outcomes for women takes more than raising labor force participation - good jobs are important too (2025)
Zitatform
Verick, Sher (2025): Female labor force participation and development. Improving outcomes for women takes more than raising labor force participation - good jobs are important too. (IZA world of labor 87), Bonn, 11 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.87.v3
Abstract
"Der Zusammenhang zwischen der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung eines Landes und der Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen wird durch den Verlauf von Wirtschaftswachstum und Bildungserwerb, durch Geburtenraten, soziale Normen und andere Faktoren geprägt. Die Erwerbsquote zeichnet nur ein Teilbild der Frauenbeschäftigung und lässt Aussagen über ihre Qualität nur eingeschränkt zu. Deren Verbesserung kann nur unter Berücksichtigung von angebots- und nachfrageseitigen Aspekten erreicht werden. Ein erleichterter Zugang zu sekundärer und höherer Bildung ist dabei entscheidend, muss aber mit der Schaffung von passenden Jobs für Frauen einhergehen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Die Arbeitszeitunterschiede zwischen Frauen und Männern verringern sich nur langsam (Serie "Equal Pay Day 2025") (2025)
Zitatform
Wanger, Susanne (2025): Die Arbeitszeitunterschiede zwischen Frauen und Männern verringern sich nur langsam (Serie "Equal Pay Day 2025"). In: IAB-Forum H. 18.03.2025. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20250318.01
Abstract
"Die Zahl der von berufstätigen Frauen jährlich geleisteten Arbeitsstunden liegt im Schnitt 24 Prozent unter der der Männer. Sie ist damit nur 4 Prozentpunkte niedriger als vor 25 Jahren. Hauptgrund sind die über den gesamten Erwerbsverlauf hinweg deutlich höheren Teilzeitquoten von Frauen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The Persistence of Gender Pay and Employment Gaps in European Countries (2024)
Zitatform
Afonso, António & M. Carmen Blanco-Arana (2024): The Persistence of Gender Pay and Employment Gaps in European Countries. (CESifo working paper 11315), München, 18 S.
Abstract
"The gender pay gap and the gender gap in employment remains persistent in Europe despite the basic assertion of gender equality under EU law. We assess the factors that influence the gender pay gap and gender employment gap across European countries. Therefore, we use an unbalanced panel of 31 European countries over the period 2000-2022, and estimate a system generalized method of moment model (GMM). The main conclusions confirm that tertiary education significantly reduces gender pay gap and part-time and temporary contracts significantly increase this gap. Moreover, part-time reduces significantly gender employment gap. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita does not affect these gaps and the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) saw a narrowing of the gender pay and employment gaps in European countries. The results are robust when using a fixed effects (FE) model." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does gender equality in labor participation bring equality? Evidence from developing and developed countries (2024)
Zitatform
Alfani, Federica, Fabio Clementi, Michele Fabiani, Vasco Molini & Enzo Valentini (2024): Does gender equality in labor participation bring equality? Evidence from developing and developed countries. In: Empirical economics, Jg. 67, H. 1, S. 289-311. DOI:10.1007/s00181-023-02545-0
Abstract
"The female labor force participation (FLFP) has a strong and significant dis-equalizing impact in at least three groups of developing countries, and relatively low initial participation levels, based on a macro- and micro-data comparison, whereas, in developed countries, both a cross-country comparison and a literature review have shown that the relationship is tendentially equalizing. Based on a decile-level data analysis in developing countries, we found that the FLFP showed higher levels of returns among top deciles compared to the lower ones. This evidence emphasizes the importance of developing policies to encourage participation among women belonging to lower deciles of the income distribution." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
DIW Berlin: Technological Progress, Occupational Structure, and Gender Gaps in the German Labour Market (2024)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald & Myrielle Gonschor (2024): DIW Berlin: Technological Progress, Occupational Structure, and Gender Gaps in the German Labour Market. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 1207), Berlin, 52 S.
Abstract
"We analyze if technological progress and the change in the occupational structure have improved women’s position in the labor market. We show that women increasingly work in non-routine manual and in interactive occupations. However, the observed narrowing of the gender wage gap is entirely driven by declining gender wag gaps within, rather than between, occupations. A decomposition exercise reveals that while explained factors have become more important contributors to the gender wage gap, the importance of unexplained factors factors has strongly declined. Therefore, unequal treatment based on unobservables, i.e. discrimination, is likely to have declined over time. Finally, technological change as measured by job tasks plays an ambiguous role. Institutional factors, and in particular part-time employment, are still a major driver of the gender wage gap." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
When will global gender gaps close? (2024)
Zitatform
Badel, Alejandro & Rishi Goyal (2024): When will global gender gaps close? In: Economics Letters, Jg. 237. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2024.111544
Abstract
"Global gender gaps are commonly expected to gradually close along a deterministic path over time. This paper uses Markov chains as in Quah (1993) to simulate the future dynamic path of the global distribution of gender labor force participation gaps based on country data from the last 30 years. The simulations suggest that global gender gaps will never close. A large share of countries will feature elevated gaps in the long run owing to the potential for individual episodes of increasing gaps found in the data. Absent improved and strengthened policy measures, the observed waste and misallocation of women's skills and talents may persist indefinitely." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fifty Years of Breakthroughs and Barriers: Women in Economics, Policy, and Leadership (2024)
Zitatform
Blau, Francine D. & Lisa M. Lynch (2024): Fifty Years of Breakthroughs and Barriers: Women in Economics, Policy, and Leadership. In: The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Jg. 711, H. 1, S. 225-244. DOI:10.1177/00027162241292175
Abstract
"We provide an overview of what has happened for women over the past 50 years as they worked to break through professional barriers in economics, policy, and institutional leadership. We chart the progress of women in higher education at the college level and beyond and then examine women’s representation at the upper levels of academia, government, law, medicine, and management. We begin our description of trends in 1972, when Title IX was enacted to prohibit sex-based discrimination in federally funded educational programs. The data paint a picture of considerable progress but also persistent inequities. We then go on to consider possible explanations for the continuing gender differences and some of the empirical evidence on the factors identified." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender equality and economic growth: Past progress and future potential (2024)
Zitatform
Fluchtmann, Jonas, Mark Keese & Willem Adema (2024): Gender equality and economic growth. Past progress and future potential. (OECD social, employment and migration working papers 304), Paris, 45 S. DOI:10.1787/fb0a0a93-en
Abstract
"Despite women’s increased participation in the labor market significantly contributing to past economic growth, persistent gender gaps across OECD labour markets hinder full realization of the potential gains of women’s economic participation. This paper analyses the economic implications of these gaps and evaluates the potential for future growth through greater gender equality in labor market outcomes. Utilising two methodological frameworks, the paper first employs growth accounting to measure the contribution of women's employment to past economic growth. The paper then uses a simplified version of the OECD Long-Term Model in conjunction with projections on future labor force dynamics to estimate the impact of greater gender equality on the labor market. These analyses provide insight into the potentially significant economic benefits of closing persistent gender gaps across OECD countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender gaps in perceptions of social protection: Insights from the OECD Risks that Matter Survey (2024)
Zitatform
Frey, Valérie, Jasmin Thomas & Lyydia Alajääskö (2024): Gender gaps in perceptions of social protection: Insights from the OECD Risks that Matter Survey. In: International social security review, Jg. 77, H. 4, S. 23-48. DOI:10.1111/issr.12374
Abstract
"Aufgrund ihres geringeren Verbleibens im Arbeitsmarkt sowie ihres niedrigeren Einkommens verspüren Frauen systematisch eine höhere finanzielle Unsicherheit als Männer in allen Mitgliedsländern der Organisation für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (OECD). Ähnliche Geschlechterungleichheiten treten bei der Wahrnehmung von Sozialschutzsystemen auf: Hier vertrauen Frauen viel weniger als Männer ihrer Fähigkeit hinsichtlich des Zugangs zu Leistungen und Dienstleistungen sowie des Erhalts angemessener Einkommensunterstützung, sofern sie diese benötigen, sowohl im erwerbsfähigen als auch im hohen Alter. Die Ergebnisse der länderübergreifenden OECD-Umfrage „Risks that Matter“ (Risiken, die wichtig sind – RTM) belegen, dass in allen Ländern durchschnittlich etwa die Hälfte der Frauen das Gefühl hat, im Bedarfsfall keinen leichten Zugang zu öffentlichen Leistungen zu bekommen, im Gegensatz zu 43 Prozent der Männer. Diese wahrgenommene Nichtzugänglichkeit ist wahrscheinlich ein Spiegelbild der Geschlechterungleichheiten bei den wahrgenommenen „Kosten durch Ärger “, die mit den Anträgen zu Sozialprogrammen und der Übernahme des Verwaltungsaufwands im Haushalt verbunden sind, sowie auch der niedrigeren Sozialversicherungsbeiträge von Frauen. Dieser Artikel beleuchtet die Geschlechterungleichheiten im Entwurf von Sozialprogrammen und zeigt Möglichkeiten für Regierungen auf, um bei der Verbesserung des Zugangs und der Angemessenheit des Sozialschutzes die Geschlechterfrage besser zu berücksichtigen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons)
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Literaturhinweis
De-industrialization, local joblessness and the male-female employment gap (2024)
Fritzsche, Miriam;Zitatform
Fritzsche, Miriam (2024): De-industrialization, local joblessness and the male-female employment gap. (Discussion paper / Berlin School of Economics 0040), Berlin, 74 S. DOI:10.48462/opus4-5427
Abstract
"Across industrialized countries, regional disparities in labor market outcomes and income have increased in recent decades. This paper investigates how one of the largest localized labor demand shocks tied to the beginning of de-industrialization- the decline of the mining industry between 1960 and 2010 - affects labor market outcomes in the long run. The analysis relies on a new panel data set based on digitized census records from Belgium, France, the UK, and Germany that allows to trace labor market adjustments over 60 years for the male and female working-age population separately. For the causal estimation, I use an IV-shift share approach that exploits exogenous variation in the shifts induced by increased seaborne trade of energy substitutes and the share given by geological rock strata to predict mining activity. The male population disproportionately suffered under this (early) de-industrialization shock and the subsequent job loss. For the male population, the employment-population ratio has not yet recovered resulting in persistent local joblessness. In contrast, the female working-age population experienced a strong catch-up in employment and participation. I find that at the aggregate level, a substantial, albeit time-lagged population response paired with a strong increase in female participation rates fully compensate for the loss of male jobs over the decades. As a consequence, the male-female employment gap shrinks over time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehr – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug