Gender und Arbeitsmarkt
Die IAB-Infoplattform "Gender und Arbeitsmarkt" bietet wissenschaftliche und politiknahe Veröffentlichungen zu den Themen Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen und Männern, Müttern und Vätern, Berufsrückkehrenden, Betreuung/Pflege und Arbeitsteilung in der Familie, Work-Life-Management, Determinanten der Erwerbsbeteiligung, geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede, familien- und steuerpolitische Regelungen sowie Arbeitsmarktpolitik für Frauen und Männer.
Zurück zur Übersicht- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehrende – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
Work/life balance policy in Germany: promoting equal partnership in families (2017)
Adema, Willem; Thévenon, Olivier; Kim, Hyunsook; Clarke, Chris; Frey, Valérie; Greulich, Angela; Rattenhuber, Pia;Zitatform
Adema, Willem, Chris Clarke, Valérie Frey, Angela Greulich, Hyunsook Kim, Pia Rattenhuber & Olivier Thévenon (2017): Work/life balance policy in Germany. Promoting equal partnership in families. In: International social security review, Jg. 70, H. 2, S. 31-55. DOI:10.1111/issr.12134
Abstract
"Across the OECD, public policies seek to support parents in achieving their desired work/life balance. This article introduces the background to and issues at stake in promoting equal partnerships in families in Germany. Families in Germany face considerable challenges to spending more time together and achieving a more gender-balanced reconciliation of work and family life, as paid work hours for fathers are long on full-time jobs and many women are in part-time jobs. Family policy can play an important role and Germany has made substantial progress in supporting families ahead of and after the birth of a child. Important in this regard are the parental leave reforms of 2007 and 2015 and the extension of childcare supports that better enable fathers and mothers to combine work and family commitments. The article assesses recent developments in family policies in Germany while also drawing from the experiences of countries with longstanding policies to support work/life balance and strengthen gender equality." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Indirect fiscal effects of long-term care insurance (2017)
Gezer, Johannes; Haan, Peter; Korfhage, Thorben;Zitatform
Gezer, Johannes, Peter Haan & Thorben Korfhage (2017): Indirect fiscal effects of long-term care insurance. In: Fiscal Studies, Jg. 38, H. 3, S. 393-415. DOI:10.1111/j.1475-5890.2017.12140
Abstract
"Informal care by close family members is the main pillar of most long-term care systems. However, due to demographic ageing, the need for long-term care is expected to increase while the informal care potential is expected to decline. From a budgetary perspective, informal care is often viewed as a cost-saving alternative to subsidised formal care. This view, however, neglects that many family carers are of working age and face the difficulty of reconciling care and paid work, which might entail sizeable indirect fiscal effects related to forgone tax revenues, lower social security contributions and higher transfer payments. In this paper, we use a structural model of labour supply and the choice of care arrangement to quantify these indirect fiscal effects of informal care. Moreover, based on the model, we discuss the fiscal effects related to non-take-up of formal care." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Work-Life-Balance in einer sich wandelnden Welt: Entwicklung und Validierung des Work-Life-Balance Index (WoLiBaX) (2017)
Kalveram, Andreas Bobby;Zitatform
Kalveram, Andreas Bobby (2017): Work-Life-Balance in einer sich wandelnden Welt. Entwicklung und Validierung des Work-Life-Balance Index (WoLiBaX). Kröning: Asanger Verlag, 613 S.
Abstract
"Während im angloamerikanischen Sprachraum die Erforschung der Schnittstelle zwischen Arbeit, Familie und Freizeit bereits eine jahrzehntelange Tradition hat, erfährt dieses Thema im europäischen (insbesondere im deutschen) Sprachraum erst seit Beginn dieses Jahrhunderts eine gesteigerte Beachtung.
Kalveram dokumentiert in seiner Arbeit die systematische Entwicklung, Anwendung und Validierung des Work-Life-Balance-Index (WoLiBaX), eines Verfahrens zur Erfassung individueller Spillover-Prozesse zwischen den Lebensbereichen Arbeit, Familie und Freizeit. Neben der Entwicklung des Verfahrens werden Zusammenhänge zwischen dem individuellen Work-Life-Balance-Erleben von Erwerbstätigen und organisationalen, familialen und individuellen Faktoren analysiert und ihre Konsequenzen diskutiert." (Verlagsangaben)Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis bei der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek -
Literaturhinweis
International family migration and the dual-earner model (2017)
Munk, Martin D.; Nikolka, Till; Poutvaara, Panu;Zitatform
Munk, Martin D., Till Nikolka & Panu Poutvaara (2017): International family migration and the dual-earner model. (CReAM discussion paper 2017,03), London, 57 S.
Abstract
"Gender differences in labor force participation are exceptionally small in Nordic countries. We investigate how couples emigrating from Denmark self-select and sort into different destinations and whether couples pursue the dual-earner model, in which both partners work, when abroad. Female labor force participation is slightly lower among couples that later emigrate, and drops considerably after migration outside the Nordic countries. Pre migration differences between couples subsequently migrating to different destinations are small. Our survey reveals that couple migration is usually driven by the male's job opportunities. The results suggest that increasing international migration may reduce women's career investments." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: CESifo working paper , 6377 -
Literaturhinweis
Marital sorting, inequality and the role of female labour supply: evidence from East and West Germany (2017)
Pestel, Nico;Zitatform
Pestel, Nico (2017): Marital sorting, inequality and the role of female labour supply. Evidence from East and West Germany. In: Economica, Jg. 84, H. 333, S. 104-127. DOI:10.1111/ecca.12189
Abstract
"This paper examines the effect of marital sorting on earnings inequality, taking into account extensive and intensive margin labour supply choices. Using German microdata, the observed distribution of couples' earnings is compared to a counterfactual of random matches. In West Germany, marital sorting is found to be disequalizing only after adjusting for labour supply. This means that positive sorting in earnings potential is veiled by low female participation rates. In East Germany, the impact is highly disequalizing even when earnings are taken as given, due to the fact that East German women are more attached to the labour market." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Family migration in a cross-national perspective: The importance of within-couple employment arrangements in Australia, Britain, Germany, and Sweden (2017)
Zitatform
Vidal, Sergi, Francisco Perales, Philipp M. Lersch & Maria Brandén (2017): Family migration in a cross-national perspective. The importance of within-couple employment arrangements in Australia, Britain, Germany, and Sweden. In: Demographic Research, Jg. 36, S. 307-338. DOI:10.4054/DemRes.2017.36.10
Abstract
"Objective: Migration rates of dual-earner couples are lower than those of male-breadwinner couples. We revisit this issue using a cross-national comparative perspective and examine heterogeneity in the role of female employment in couple relocations. We propose a theoretical framework in which national levels of support for female employment and normative expectations about gender roles act as moderators of the relationship between couple type (i.e., dual-earner and male-breadwinner) and family migration.
Methods: We deploy discrete-time event history analyses of harmonised longitudinal data from four large-scale datasets from Australia, Britain, Germany, and Sweden, covering the 1992-2011 period.
Results: Consistent with prior research, we find that male-breadwinner couples migrate more often than dual-earner couples in all countries, suggesting that traditional gender structures affecting family migration operate across very different contexts. We also find cross-country differences in the estimated effects of different sorts of absolute and relative partner resources on family migration.
Conclusions: We take our results as preliminary evidence that national contexts can serve as moderators of the relationship between within-couple employment arrangements and family migration decisions.
Contribution: Our study contributes to family migration literature by illustrating how cross-national comparisons are a valuable methodological approach to put prevailing micro-level explanations of the relationship between female employment and family migration in context." (Author's abstract, © Max-Planck-Institut für demographische Forschung) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Männer-Perspektiven: Auf dem Weg zu mehr Gleichstellung?: sozialwissenschaftliche Repräsentativbefragung der Bevölkerung, im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (2017)
Wippermann, Carsten;Zitatform
Wippermann, Carsten (2017): Männer-Perspektiven: Auf dem Weg zu mehr Gleichstellung? Sozialwissenschaftliche Repräsentativbefragung der Bevölkerung, im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend. Penzberg, 150 S.
Abstract
"Die neue Auswertung aus der Gleichstellungsstudie 2016 zum Themenfeld Männer hat repräsentativ untersucht, ob sich Einstellungen und Verhalten von Männern zu Gleichstellung und Geschlechtergerechtigkeit, zur Verantwortung für Erwerbseinkommen und Familienarbeit, zur Vorstellung attraktiver Männlichkeit (und Weiblichkeit) sowie hinsichtlich der Gleichstellungspolitik in den letzten Jahren verändert haben. Im Vergleich zu der Untersuchung 'Rolle vorwärts - Rolle rückwärts?' aus dem Jahr 2007 zeigen die aktuellen Daten, dass heute mehr Männer ein gleichgestelltes Lebensmodell wollen, dass die Mehrheit der Männer eine aktive und offensive Gleichstellungspolitik fordert - aber auch, dass das Spektrum von Haltungen der Männer zu den Themen Gender und Gleichstellung vielfältig und seit 2007 noch breiter geworden ist." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Parenthood and the gender gap in pay (2016)
Zitatform
Angelov, Nikolay, Per Johansson & Erica Lindahl (2016): Parenthood and the gender gap in pay. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 34, H. 3, S. 545-579. DOI:10.1086/684851
Abstract
"We compare the income and wage trajectories of women to those of their male partners before and after parenthood. Focusing on the within-couple gap allows us to control for both observed and unobserved attributes of the spouse and to estimate both short- and long-term effects of entering parenthood. We find that 15 years after the first child has been born, the male-female gender gaps in income and wages have increased by 32 and 10 percentage points, respectively. In line with a collective labor supply model, the magnitude of these effects depends on counterfactual relative incomes or wages within the family." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Potential parenthood and career progression of men and women: a simultaneous hazards approach (2016)
Zitatform
Biewen, Martin & Stefanie Seifert (2016): Potential parenthood and career progression of men and women. A simultaneous hazards approach. (IZA discussion paper 10050), Bonn, 37 S.
Abstract
"We analyze individual career transitions of men and women in Germany. Our particular focus is on the association of upward, downward and horizontal job changes with individual fertility. In contrast to most of the literature, we focus on potential rather than realized fertility. Based on mixed multivariate proportional hazard models with competing risks, we find a significant negative relationship between the contemporaneous probability of having a child and horizontal career transitions for women, and a positive significant association of the hazard of parenthood with upward career transitions for men. These effects persist if we apply fixed effects panel data models allowing for correlation of individual parenthood hazards with unobserved individual characteristics. Independent of their sources, our results suggest clear gender differences in the relationship between career patterns and potential fertility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Consumption inequality and family labor supply (2016)
Zitatform
Blundell, Richard, Luigi Pistaferri & Itay Saporta-Eksten (2016): Consumption inequality and family labor supply. In: The American economic review, Jg. 106, H. 2, S. 387-435. DOI:10.1257/aer.20121549
Abstract
"We examine the link between wage and consumption inequality using a life-cycle model incorporating consumption and family labor supply decisions. We derive analytical expressions for the dynamics of consumption, hours, and earnings of two earners in the presence of correlated wage shocks, nonseparability, progressive taxation, and asset accumulation. The model is estimated using panel data for hours, earnings, assets, and consumption. We focus on family labor supply as an insurance mechanism and find strong evidence of smoothing of permanent wage shocks. Once family labor supply, assets, and taxes are properly accounted for there is little evidence of additional insurance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Britain's slow movement to a gender egalitarian equilibrium: parents and employment in the UK 2001-13 (2016)
Connolly, Sara; Aldrich, Matthew; Poole, Eloise; Speight, Svetlana; O¿Brien, Margaret;Zitatform
Connolly, Sara, Matthew Aldrich, Margaret O¿Brien, Svetlana Speight & Eloise Poole (2016): Britain's slow movement to a gender egalitarian equilibrium. Parents and employment in the UK 2001-13. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 30, H. 5, S. 838-857. DOI:10.1177/0950017016638009
Abstract
"This article examines the working lives of British couple families across the first decade of the millennium using EU Labour Force Survey data (2001 - 13) taking a multiple equilibria approach. Some growth in dual full-time earners, increased working hours of mothers in part-time employment and a growing proportion of households with 'non-standard' working patterns are all identified, suggesting both a convergence and greater diversity in economic provisioning within parent couple households. Household employment patterns remain strongly associated with maternal education and family size but are becoming less sensitive to the age of the youngest child. The dual full-time earner model is growing in significance for British parents of young children but a new gender egalitarian equilibrium has not yet been reached." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A stalled revolution? What can we learn from women's drop-out to part-time jobs: a comparative analysis of Germany and the UK (2016)
Zitatform
Dieckhoff, Martina, Vanessa Gash, Antje Mertens & Laura Romeu Gordo (2016): A stalled revolution? What can we learn from women's drop-out to part-time jobs. A comparative analysis of Germany and the UK. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 46, H. December/Pt. B, S. 129-140. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2016.09.001
Abstract
"This study examines how within-couple inequalities, that is power differences between men and women in a partnership, act as predictors of transitions from full-time to part-time employment applying Heckman corrected probit models in three different institutional and cultural contexts; Eastern Germany, Western Germany and the United Kingdom. The analyses show that when women are in a weaker position within their relationships they are more likely to drop-out of full-time work, but that this propensity varies by context. The authors also find an increased tendency over time for women to leave full-time for part-time employment in both Eastern and Western Germany, but observe no such trend in the UK. This is suggestive of ongoing incompatibilities in the institutional support for equality in dual-earning in Germany. The study uses longitudinal data covering the period 1992 until 2012 from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) for Germany and from the British Household Panel (BHPS) and the 'Understanding Society' data for the UK." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Equality at home - a question of career?: housework, norms, and policies in a European comparative perspective (2016)
Fahlén, Susanne;Zitatform
Fahlén, Susanne (2016): Equality at home - a question of career? Housework, norms, and policies in a European comparative perspective. In: Demographic Research, Jg. 35, S. 1411-1440. DOI:10.4054/DemRes.2016.35.48
Abstract
"Background: Dual-earner families are widespread in contemporary Europe, yet the division of housework is highly gendered, with women still bearing the lion's share. However, women in dual-career couples and in other types of non-traditional couples, across and within different European countries, appear to handle the division of housework differently.
Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the division of housework among various couple-earner types, by determining i) whether relative resources, time spent on paid work, gender attitudes, and family structure reduce variations in housework between different couple types, and ii) whether the division of housework varies between countries with different work-family policies and gender norms.
Methods: The study uses data from ten countries, representing different welfare regime types, extracted from the European Social Survey (2010/11), and employs multivariate regressions and aggregated analysis of the association between the division of housework and the contextual indices.
Results: The results show that dual-career couples divide housework more equally than dual-earner couples, relating more to the fact that the former group of women do less housework in general, rather than that men are doing more. The cross-national analysis shows tangible differences between dual-earner and dual-career couples; however, the difference is less marked with respect to the division of housework in countries with more institutional support for work-family reconciliation and less traditional gender norms.
Contribution: By combining conventional economic and gender-based approaches with an institutional framework, this study contributes to the research field by showing that the division of housework within different couple-earner types is contextually embedded." (Author's abstract, © Max-Planck-Institut für demographische Forschung) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Household formation, female labor supply, and savings (2016)
Fehr, Hans; Kallweit, Manuel; Kindermann, Fabian;Zitatform
Fehr, Hans, Manuel Kallweit & Fabian Kindermann (2016): Household formation, female labor supply, and savings. In: The Scandinavian journal of economics, Jg. 118, H. 4, S. 868-911. DOI:10.1111/sjoe.12154
Abstract
"In this paper, we aim to quantify the impact of changing family structures on labor supply and savings in Western societies. Our dynamic general equilibrium model features both genders, and it takes into account changes in marital status as a stochastic process. The numerical results indicate that changes in household formation can partly explain the reallocation of male and female labor supply observed during the last decades in Germany. We also find a negative impact on capital accumulation, and we show that a combination of higher marital risk and a narrowing gender wage gap can explain the changes in hours ratios between single and married men and women." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Working parents: Challenged employees, challenged health promotion? (2016)
Fuchs, Benjamin;Zitatform
Fuchs, Benjamin (2016): Working parents: Challenged employees, challenged health promotion? In: M. Wiencke, M. Cacace & S. Fischer (Hrsg.) (2016): Healthy at Work : Interdisciplinary perspectives, S. 235-253, 2015-04-07. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-32331-2_18
Abstract
"This chapter examines whether parenthood is causally related to an individual's health, specifically for the workers in the USA. Although society values employment and parenthood individually, there is widespread public concern that a combination of the two may be too much of a good thing, especially in the case of mothers of young children. Against this background, this chapter outlines a sociological framework for analyzing the health impact of parenthood. The hypothesis that children have a detrimental impact on employees' health is derived. The exceedingly modest public and private policies for supporting working parents in the USA are described briefly and it is argued that neither are likely to mitigate the theoretical relationship. Some quantitative research has indeed shown a negative impact of parenthood. However, many studies have found no relationship or even positive impacts. Possible reasons for these apparent contradictions are discussed. Despite the unclear state of research, the following three clear recommendations are made. First, occupational health management should, for now, desist from introducing specific health promotion for employees with children. Second, public policy should expand existing measures to support working parents. Third, more rigorous research that utilizes more appropriate methods for causal analysis than have been implemented previously is needed in this field." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Verhinderte Karrieren und Berufswechsel: berufliche Orientierungen von Frauen der mittleren Erwerbsgeneration (2016)
Haasler, Simone;Zitatform
Haasler, Simone (2016): Verhinderte Karrieren und Berufswechsel. Berufliche Orientierungen von Frauen der mittleren Erwerbsgeneration. In: Berufs- und Wirtschaftspädagogik - online H. H. Spezial 12, S. 1-15.
Abstract
"Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, welche Rahmenbedingungen und Orientierungsgrößen die Berufsorientierungen von Frauen strukturieren und welche Rolle formelles und informelles Lernen bei der Gestaltung der Erwerbsverläufe spielt. Hierfür wurden im Rahmen von zwei international vergleichend angelegten Studien 24 Frauen interviewt, die in der Mitte ihres Erwerbslebens stehen. Studien belegen, dass für die Berufsorientierung von Frauen das Zusammenwirken von Rollenerwartungen, familiären Verpflichtungen, die Karriere des Partners und die Antizipation geringer Bildungsrenditen wichtige Einflussgrößen sind. Dies spiegelt sich in einer Orientierung an sozialen Berufsfeldern sowie diskontinuierlichen Erwerbsverläufen, Teilzeitbeschäftigung und der Zuverdienerposition von Frauen wider. Darüber hinaus dominieren bei Frauen mit einem mittleren Qualifikationsniveau eine horizontale Erwerbsmobilität und Berufswechsel gegenüber klassischen Aufstiegsmustern. Diese erfordern auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt in der Regel eine weitere qualifizierende Berufsausbildung im Lebensverlauf. Auch die qualitative Untersuchung zeigt, dass bei den interviewten Frauen Lernen und weitere berufliche Qualifizierungen nicht dem beruflichen Aufstieg, sondern in erster Linie dem Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt nach einer familial bedingten Erwerbsunterbrechung, der horizontalen Arbeitsmarktmobilität sowie der Beschäftigungssicherung dienen. Die Annahme, dass Weiterbildung und Höherqualifizierung die Arbeitsmarkt- und Aufstiegschancen von auf dem Arbeitsmarkt benachteiligten Gruppen verbessert, konnte für Frauen im Rahmen der Studien nicht belegt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Zukunftsreport Familie 2030 (2016)
Heimer, Andreas; Juncke, David; Moog, Stephan; Haumann, Wilhelm; Braukmann, Jan; Ristau, Malte; Knittel, Tilmann;Zitatform
Heimer, Andreas, David Juncke, Jan Braukmann, Tilmann Knittel, Stephan Moog, Malte Ristau & Wilhelm Haumann (2016): Zukunftsreport Familie 2030. Berlin, 66 S.
Abstract
"Gelingt es, mit einer forcierten Familienpolitik den Wünschen der Mütter und Väter nach einer partnerschaftlichen Aufteilung von Familie und Beruf zu entsprechen, wird sich die sozioökonomische Situation von Familien im Jahr 2030 deutlich verbessern.
Das Haushaltseinkommen von Familien kann um durchschnittlich 1.400 Euro steigen. Die Zahl der Eltern und Kinder, die armutsgefährdet sind, kann um rund 470 Tsd. Personen zurückgehen. Die Zahl der Personen in Haushalten mit SGB-II Bezügen kann sogar um rund 670 Tsd. Personen sinken. Bis 2030 können rund 790 Tsd. Mütter mehr sozialversicherungspflichtig beschäftigt sein.
Das Gutachten, das verschiedene Szenarien betrachtet, zeigt: Eine Weiterentwicklung der Familienpolitik hat positive Auswirkungen auf die Gesamtwirtschaft. Der Anstieg der Erwerbstätigenquote sowie der Erwerbsumfänge führen zu einem Anstieg des Arbeitsvolumens um 3,2 PP. Das führt im Chancen-Szenario bis 2030 zu einer spürbaren Erhöhung des Bruttoinlandprodukts um rund 70 Mrd. Euro." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)Weiterführende Informationen
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Literaturhinweis
Polarisation of non-standard employment in Europe: exploring a missing piece of the inequality puzzle (2016)
Horemans, Jeroen;Zitatform
Horemans, Jeroen (2016): Polarisation of non-standard employment in Europe. Exploring a missing piece of the inequality puzzle. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 125, H. 1, S. 171-189. DOI:10.1007/s11205-014-0834-0
Abstract
"The rise in non-standard employment inspired many scholars to study the social consequences of these new employment forms. Most research focusses on individuals working non-standard. With the increase in dual earnership, however, we need a household perspective. This study therefore develops the notion of household non-standard employment and applies a polarisation index to examine the distribution of non-standard work over dual earner couples. This polarisation index compares the actual rate of household non-standard employment with a counterfactual rate when non-standard employment would be randomly distributed over households. Drawing on EU-SILC 2011, we define non-standard workers as individuals who worked during the previous year, but not full-year full-time. The results indicate that the levels of polarisation vary considerably across countries. Because especially women do not work full-time, polarisation is highly negative since it is less likely to find clustering of non-standard work within households. This pattern is dominant in Continental European countries, but also observable in Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon countries. On the other hand, in Eastern and Southern European countries, non-standard employment is concentrated in some households, mainly because of the inability of its members to work full-year. Common characteristics of household members known to be associated with non-standard employment, like age and education, explain little of the levels of non-standard employment polarisation." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Retirement and changes in housework: a panel study of dual earner couples (2016)
Zitatform
Leopold, Thomas & Jan Skopek (2016): Retirement and changes in housework. A panel study of dual earner couples. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 837), Berlin, 27 S.
Abstract
"Objectives: To examine how transitions to retirement influenced the division of household labor in dual earner couples. We tested hypotheses about changes (a) between a couple's preretirement and post-retirement stage, and (b) across the transitional phase during which both spouses retired from the workforce.
Method: We estimated fixed-effects models for the effects of the husband's and the wife's retirement on changes in their hours and share of routine housework. The data came from 29 waves of the German Socio-economic Panel Study, comprising N = 27,784 annual observations of N = 3,071 dual earner couples ages 45 to 75.
Results: Spouses who retired first performed more housework, whereas their partners who continued working performed less. This occurred irrespective of the retirement sequence. Husbands who retired first doubled up on their share of housework, but never performed more than 40 percent of a couple's total hours. None of the observed shifts was permanent. After both spouses had retired, couples reverted to their pre-retirement division of housework.
Discussion: Although the findings on changes after retirement support theories of relative resources, gender construction theories still take precedence in explaining the division of household labor over the life course." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
The family working time model: toward more gender equality in work and care (2016)
Zitatform
Müller, Kai-Uwe, Michael Neumann & Katharina Wrohlich (2016): The family working time model. Toward more gender equality in work and care. (DIW-Diskussionspapiere 1603), Berlin, 30 S.
Abstract
"Since the millennium, the labor market participation of women and mothers is increasing across European countries. Several work/care policy measures underlie this evolution. At the same time, the labor market behavior of men and fathers, as well as their involvement in care work, is relatively unchanging, meaning that employed mothers are facing an increased burden with respect to gainful employment and providing care. We propose a family working time model that incentivizes fathers and mothers to both work in extended part-time employment. It provides a benefit in form of a lump-sum transfer or income replacement for each parent if, and only if, both parents work 30 hours per week. Thus, it explicitly addresses fathers and - contrary to most conventional family policies - actively promotes the dual earner/dual carer paradigm. Combining microsimulation and labor supply estimation, we empirically analyze the potential of the family working time model in the German context. The relatively small share of families already choosing the symmetric distribution of about 30 working hours would increase by 60 per cent. By showing that a lump-sum transfer especially benefits low-income families, we contribute to the debate about redistributive implications of family policies. The basic principles of the model generalize to other European countries where families increasingly desire an equal distribution of employment and care. In order to enhance the impact of such a policy, employers' norms and workplace culture as well as the supply of high-quality childcare must catch-up with changing workforce preferences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehrende – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug