Gender und Arbeitsmarkt
Das Themendossier "Gender und Arbeitsmarkt" bietet wissenschaftliche und politiknahe Veröffentlichungen zu den Themen Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen und Männern, Müttern und Vätern, Berufsrückkehrenden, Betreuung/Pflege und Arbeitsteilung in der Familie, Work-Life-Management, Determinanten der Erwerbsbeteiligung, geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede, familien- und steuerpolitische Regelungen sowie Arbeitsmarktpolitik für Frauen und Männer.
Mit dem Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehr – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
Gleichstellung am Arbeitsmarkt?: Aktuelle Herausforderungen und Potenziale von Frauenerwerbstätigkeit in Deutschland (2024)
Hermann, Michaela; Kunze, Luisa; Böker, Charlotte;Zitatform
Hermann, Michaela & Luisa Kunze (2024): Gleichstellung am Arbeitsmarkt? Aktuelle Herausforderungen und Potenziale von Frauenerwerbstätigkeit in Deutschland. (Factsheet / Bertelsmann Stiftung), Gütersloh, 14 S. DOI:10.11586/2023085
Abstract
"Die Erwerbstätigenquote von Frauen in Deutschland ist mit knapp 78 Prozent im europäischen Vergleich eine der höchsten. Da jedoch fast die Hälfte aller 20- bis 64-jährigen Frauen (48 Prozent) in Teilzeit arbeitet, ist ihre tatsächliche Erwerbsstundenzahl vergleichsweise gering. Dabei sind Frauen häufig hochqualifiziert und würden auch gerne mehr arbeiten – wenn die Rahmenbedingungen dafür besser wären. Angesichts dieses ungenutzten Potenzials ist es sowohl aus gleichstellungspolitischer als auch wirtschaftlicher Perspektive von höchster Relevanz, die Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen zu erhöhen. Gerade in Zeiten eines beschleunigten Strukturwandels sowie zunehmenden Fachkräftemangels braucht es differenzierte Maßnahmen, um die Frauenerwerbstätigkeit zu stärken. Eine höhere Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen kann nicht nur helfen, Diskriminierung am Arbeitsmarkt zu mindern, sondern trägt auch zur Fachkräftesicherung und zu wirtschaftlichem Wohlstand bei. Gleichzeitig können sich Frauen beruflich freier und umfassender entwickeln, sind finanziell unabhängiger und beugen mit einem existenzsichernden Erwerbseinkommen der Armut im Alter vor." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Early child care, maternal labor supply, and gender equality: A randomized controlled trial (2024)
Zitatform
Hermes, Henning, Marina Krauß, Philipp Lergetporer, Frauke Peter & Simon Wiederhold (2024): Early child care, maternal labor supply, and gender equality: A randomized controlled trial. (IWH-Diskussionspapiere / Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle 2024,14), Halle, 64 S.
Abstract
"We provide experimental evidence that enabling access to universal early child care increases maternal labor supply and promotes gender equality among families with lower socioeconomic status (SES). Our intervention offers information and customized help with child care applications, leading to a boost in child care enrollment among lower-SES families. 18 months after the intervention, we find substantial increases in maternal full-time employment (+160%), maternal earnings (+22%), and household income (+10%). Intriguingly, the positive employment effects are not only driven by extended hours at child care centers, but also by an increase in care hours by fathers. Gender equality also benefits more broadly from better access to child care: The treatment improves a gender equality index that combines information on intra-household division of working hours, care hours, and earnings by 40% of a standard deviation, with significant increases in each dimension. For higher-SES families, we consistently observe negligible, insignificant treatment effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Lessons from the pandemic: Gender inequality in childcare and the emergence of a gender mental health gap among parents in Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Hiekel, Nicole & Mine Kühn (2024): Lessons from the pandemic: Gender inequality in childcare and the emergence of a gender mental health gap among parents in Germany. In: Demographic Research, Jg. 51, S. 49-80. DOI:10.4054/demres.2024.51.3
Abstract
"Background: The gender gap in mental health that emerged in Germany during the pandemic grew disproportionally among partnered parents. The question arises as to why mothers – compared to fathers – experienced greater declines in mental health when guiding their families through the pandemic. Objective: This study investigates how changes in childcare arrangements affected parental mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Methods: The German Family Panel is based on a random probability sample from which we selected n = 803 partnered mothers and fathers interviewed before (2018–2019) and after (2020) the onset of the pandemic. We ran change score regression models to examine (1) whether changes in gender inequality in childcare arrangements predict within-changes in mental health among mothers and fathers, and (2) whether gender role attitudes moderate this association. Results: Systematic mental health differences can be pinpointed at the intersection of gender inequality in childcare and gender role attitudes. Women in stable female childcare arrangements in which the mother did relatively more childcare and women who transitioned from non-female to female childcare arrangements experienced the largest mental health declines. This association was particularly salient among women with egalitarian attitudes. Men in these childcare arrangements either experienced no change or even improvement in certain mental health dimensions. By contrast, sharing childcare was mentally beneficial for both mothers and fathers in this global health crisis. Conclusions: Gender inequality in childcare is a risk factor for women’s health, particularly during times of shifting patterns in employment and childcare arrangements. Contribution: Taking lessons from the pandemic, policymakers should acknowledge the disproportionate burden that mothers carry when institutional childcare and schooling are unreliable. Accordingly, the unfolding childcare crises in Germany and beyond need to be tackled from a gender-sensitive perspective." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Max-Planck-Institut für demographische Forschung) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Parental Leave, Worker Substitutability, and Firms' Employment (2024)
Zitatform
Huebener, Mathias, Jonas Jessen, Daniel Kühnle & Michael Oberfichtner (2024): Parental Leave, Worker Substitutability, and Firms' Employment. In: The Economic Journal, S. 1-39. DOI:10.1093/ej/ueae114
Abstract
"Motherhood and parental leave are frequent causes of worker absences and employment interruptions, yet little is known about their effects on firms. Based on linked employer-employee data from Germany, we examine how parental leave absences affect small-and medium-sized firms. We show that they anticipate the absence with replacement hirings in the six months before childbirth. A 2007 parental leave reform extending leave absences reduces firm-level employment and total wages up to three years after childbirth, driven by firms with few internal substitutes for the absent mother. However, we do not find longer-term effects on firms’ employment, wage bill, or likelihood to shut down. The reform led to an increase in replacement hirings, but firms did not respond to longer expected absences of mothers by subsequently hiring fewer young women. Overall, our findings show that anticipated, extended parental leave does not have a lasting impact on firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Oxford University Press) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Not just daycare: nordic mothers in research, development and innovation navigating work and childcare (2024)
Zitatform
Ikonen, Hanna-Mari, Minna Salminen-Karlsson & Gilda Seddighi (2024): Not just daycare: nordic mothers in research, development and innovation navigating work and childcare. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 27, H. 2, S. 208-224. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2022.2138739
Abstract
"Nordic welfare policies mitigate work–childcare reconciliation; however, they are not enough for mothers working in intensive work cultures. In addition, there are differences among the three Nordic states in both work–family policies and cultural norms as to how they should be used. In this article, we study the resources mothers who work in research, development and innovation (R&D&I) in Finland, Norway and Sweden rely on in their work–childcare reconciliation. Thematic analysis of interviews with 74 professionals resulted in identifying four main resources: father involvement, parental leave system and daycare, flexible working, and grandparent help and networks. Our analysis brings to view the blind spots in work and childcare reconciliation that Nordic care policies and flexible work schemes do not cover in the case of professional R&D&I mothers. We find that the role of fathers is overarching, as it regulates which of the other resources are used and how. We also argue that the role grandparents play as a resource is understudied." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Spannungsfeld Vereinbarkeit: Arbeitszeit- und Jobpräferenzen von Menschen mit Sorgeverantwortung (2024)
Jansen, Andreas; Zink, Lena; Kümmerling, Angelika;Zitatform
Jansen, Andreas, Angelika Kümmerling & Lena Zink (2024): Spannungsfeld Vereinbarkeit. Arbeitszeit- und Jobpräferenzen von Menschen mit Sorgeverantwortung. Gütersloh, 72 S. DOI:10.11586/2024147
Abstract
"Die vorliegende Studie „Spannungsfeld Vereinbarkeit: Arbeitszeit- und Jobpräferenzen von Menschen mit Sorgeverantwortung“ ist der erste Teil einer dreiteiligen Veröffentlichungsreihe im Rahmen des Projekts „Spannungsfeld Vereinbarkeit: Onlinebefragung zur Aufteilung von Erwerbs- und Sorgearbeit im Paarkontext“, das das Institut Arbeit und Qualifikation der Universität Duisburg-Essen im Zeitraum von Juli 2023 bis Juni 2024 im Auftrag der Bertelsmann Stiftung durchgeführt hat. Ziel der Untersuchung war es, die bestehenden Erwerbsmuster und deren Gründe sowie die etwaigen Aushandlungsprozesse von Männern und Frauen, insbesondere von Frauen mit Sorgeverpflichtungen, besser zu verstehen, um dadurch Handlungsempfehlungen abzuleiten, die die Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen und ggf. eine Umverteilung von Sorge- und Erwerbsarbeit fördern. Zwar bezog die Befragung Personen in allen Lebensformen mit ein, aufgrund der vorhandenen Fallzahlen konzentrieren sich die Analysen jedoch auf Männer und Frauen in heterosexuellen Paarbeziehungen. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte als Onlinebefragung über ein Online-Access-Panel, mit deren Durchführung ein renommierter kommerzieller Datendienstleister beauftragt wurde. Die Befragung fand zwischen dem 19.12.2023 und dem 19.01.2024 statt. Insgesamt wurden 2.098 Personen als sogenannte Ankerpersonen befragt, für 425 Paarhaushalte liegen zudem Informationen aus Sicht beider Partner:innen vor. Befragt wurden Personen im Alter von 18 bis 65 Jahren, unabhängig von ihrem Geschlecht, Familienstand und Erwerbsstatus. Der Fragebogen enthielt eine Kombination aus Fragen zu Einstellungen, Überzeugungen und Verhalten, aber auch zur subjektiven Einschätzung z.B. der (paarinternen) Aufgabenverteilung, zur Zufriedenheit und zum Gerechtigkeitsempfinden. Abgerundet wurde der Fragebogen neben demographischen Angaben durch Fragen zur Erwerbstätigkeit und zur Arbeitsplatzsituation sowie Fragen zur subjektiven Einschätzung von Instrumenten, die Vereinbarkeit ermöglichen oder ermöglicht hätten. Ein innovatives Feature des Fragebogens stellen Vignetten zur Einschätzung der Attraktivität von Stellenanzeigen und zur Verteilung von Elternzeiten auf Paare dar" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Separate Housework Spheres (2024)
Zitatform
Jessen, Jonas, Sebastian Schweighofer-Kodritsch, Felix Weinhardt & Jan Berkes (2024): Separate Housework Spheres. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17134), Bonn, 66 S.
Abstract
"Using novel time-use data from Germany before and after reunification, we document two facts: First, spouses who both work full-time exhibit similar housework patterns whether they do so voluntarily or due to a full-time mandate, as in the GDR. Second, men's amount of housework is independent of their spouse's labor supply. We theoretically explain this pattern by the presence of two household goods and socially learned gender-specific comparative advantage in their home production. We label this gender specialisation as separate housework spheres. Empirical evidence strongly confirms separate housework spheres in the GDR, West Germany, subsequent years post-reunification, and in international time-use data across 17 countries since the 1970s. We consider several implications, such as those for child penalties, where separate housework spheres provide a novel explanation for why it is the mothers whose labor market outcomes strongly deteriorate upon the arrival of children." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Multidimensional gender ideologies: How do they relate to work-family arrangements of mothers with dependent children in Poland and western Germany? (2024)
Zitatform
Joecks, Jasmin, Anna Kurowska, Kerstin Pull & Pia Schober (2024): Multidimensional gender ideologies: How do they relate to work-family arrangements of mothers with dependent children in Poland and western Germany? In: International Journal of Comparative Sociology. DOI:10.1177/00207152241293463
Abstract
"This study uses a multidimensional approach to identify gender ideologies and investigate their association with work-family arrangements among mothers of dependent children in Poland and western Germany. Based on data from the Generations and Gender Survey, we apply ordinal latent class analysis and identify five gender ideology classes: (1) traditional, (2) intensive parenting, (3) ambivalent, (4) moderately egalitarian, and (5) strongly egalitarian. In both countries, we find that the intensive parenting class resembles the traditional class in terms of lower maternal employment, a more gendered division of housework and childcare, and a smaller probability of using formal childcare, whereas the ambivalent respondents mostly practice work-care arrangements that are similar to the moderately egalitarian class. With respect to informal care, mothers who identify with strong egalitarianism significantly differ from the traditional class in western Germany, but they do not in Poland—thus highlighting the role of the cultural and institutional context in explaining the complex links between mothers’ gender ideologies and work-family arrangements." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Education, employment, and care work over adulthood: gendered life course trajectories in Canada and Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Jongbloed, Janine, Johanna Turgetto, Lesley Andres & Wolfgang Lauterbach (2024): Education, employment, and care work over adulthood: gendered life course trajectories in Canada and Germany. In: Journal of education and work, Jg. 37, H. 1-4, S. 92-114. DOI:10.1080/13639080.2024.2362630
Abstract
"This article compares the education, employment, and care work biographical sequences of Canadian and German women and men from late adolescence into mid-adulthood. Through the lenses of comparative gendered life course theory and welfare regime theory, sequence and cluster analyses are used to determine the adult life course sequences of women and men in each country and to assess the extent to which they differ across contexts. The analyses reveal clear gender differences in work-family balance in labour market participation and unpaid care work. Groups also differ strongly on educational attainment, income, and family composition. Comparatively, gender differences are less marked in the Canadian context. These results suggest that differing gendered trajectories result in diverse outcomes depending on the national context, shaping different outcomes for women cross-nationally. Our findings highlight how historical and contemporary country-specific welfare state policies support or hinder women as active and productive members of society." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Verteilung von bezahlter und unbezahlter Arbeit auf Männer und Frauen: Eine politische Diskussion (2024)
Zitatform
Kladroba, Andreas (2024): Die Verteilung von bezahlter und unbezahlter Arbeit auf Männer und Frauen: Eine politische Diskussion. (Streiflicht VWL / FOM Hochschule für Oekonomie & Management, KCV KompetenzCentrum für angewandte Volkswirtschaftslehre 14), Essen, 10 S.
Abstract
"Frauen leisten im Schnitt neun Stunden mehr unbezahlte Arbeit pro Woche als Männer. Dies ist ein zentrales Ergebnis der aktuellen Zeitverwendungserhebung des Statistischen Bundesamtes. Das vorliegende Papier geht mit Hilfe statistischer Verfahren der Frage nach, inwiefern dies ein Zeichen für eine systematische Ungleichbehandlung der Frauen ist." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Consistent Egalitarianism or Heterogeneous Belief Patterns? Gender Ideologies in Contemporary East and West Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Kleinschrot, Leonie (2024): Consistent Egalitarianism or Heterogeneous Belief Patterns? Gender Ideologies in Contemporary East and West Germany. In: Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Jg. 53, H. 4, S. 387-403. DOI:10.1515/zfsoz-2024-2027
Abstract
"Die Untersuchung von Geschlechterideologien ist entscheidend für das Verständnis des berufs- und familienbezogenen Verhaltens von Frauen und Männern. Dieser Beitrag analysiert die Geschlechterideologien von Befragten in Ost- und Westdeutschland und untersucht Unterschiede nach soziodemografischen Merkmalen. Die auf acht Geschlechterrollen-Items aus der FReDA Erhebung von 2021 angewendete latente Klassenanalyse zeigt eine weit verbreitete, konsistent egalitäre Geschlechterideologie in beiden Regionen Deutschlands, sowie eine weniger verbreitete traditionelle Ideologie im Westen. Darüber hinaus finden sich heterogene Geschlechterideologien, wobei das Überzeugungsmuster des egalitären Essentialismus in beiden Regionen Deutschlands und das der intensivierten Elternschaft nur im Westen vorkommt. Befragte mit einem niedrigen Bildungsniveau und Männer neigen stärker zu nicht-egalitären Geschlechterideologien. Die Ergebnisse untermauern die Literatur zu bestehenden Ost-West-Unterschieden in den Geschlechterideologien und zu deren zunehmender Diversifizierung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Child Penalties and the Gender Gap in Home Production and the Labor Market (2024)
Zitatform
Koopmans, Pim, Max van Lent & Jim Been (2024): Child Penalties and the Gender Gap in Home Production and the Labor Market. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16871), Bonn, 30 S.
Abstract
"The consequence of the arrival of children for the gender wage gap - known as the child penalty - is substantial and has been documented for many countries. Little is still known about the impact of having children beyond paid work in the labor market, such as home production. In this paper we estimate - deploying an event study with Dutch survey data - the child penalty in both home production and the labor market. In line with the literature we find no labor market effects for men. For women we find a strong reduction in work hours and lower wages. However, we find an increase in home production for women roughly similar to the decline in paid work. Consequently, time allocated to the labor market plus home production is roughly equal across gender before and after the arrival of children. This result rejects the hypothesis that women substitute paid work for leisure after the arrival of children." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gendered Parenthood-Employment Gaps from Midlife: A Demographic Perspective Across Three Different Welfare Systems (2024)
Zitatform
Lorenti, Angelo, Jessica Nisén, Letizia Mencarini & Mikko Myrskylä (2024): Gendered Parenthood-Employment Gaps from Midlife: A Demographic Perspective Across Three Different Welfare Systems. In: European Journal of Population, Jg. 40. DOI:10.1007/s10680-024-09699-2
Abstract
"Women’s labor force participation has increased in Western countries, but gender gaps remain, especially among parents. Using a novel comparative perspective, we assess women’s and men’s employment trajectories from midlife onward by parity and education. We provide insights into the gendered parenthood-employment gaps examining the long-term implications of parenthood beyond the core childbearing ages by decomposing years lived between ages 40–74, in years of employment, joblessness, and retirement. Using multistate incidence-based life tables, we compare different cultural and institutional contexts: Finland, Italy, and the USA. Our results document large cross-national variation, with education playing a key role. In Finland, the number of years of employment increases with parity for women and men, and the gender gap is small; in the USA, the relationship between parity and years of employment is relatively flat, although a gender gap emerges among those with two or more children; in Italy, the number of years of employment decreases sharply for women as parity increases, while it increases for men. Notably, education has a similar positive impact on years of employment across all groups in Finland. In contrast, in the USA and Italy, the gender gap is only half as large among highly educated mothers as it is among low educated mothers. The employment trajectories of childless women and men differ greatly across countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Alles beim Alten: Der Gender Care Gap in der Erwerbsbevölkerung (2024)
Zitatform
Lott, Yvonne (2024): Alles beim Alten: Der Gender Care Gap in der Erwerbsbevölkerung. (WSI Policy Brief / Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliches Institut 83), Düsseldorf, 17 S.
Abstract
"Beim Gender Care Gap, also der Verteilung von unbezahlter Arbeit zwischen erwerbstätigen Frauen und Männern, ist alles beim Alten: Erwerbstätige Frauen stemmen nach wie vor den Löwenanteil an Kinderbetreuung, Pflege, Hausarbeit und Co. Insgesamt arbeiten sie durchschnittlich eine Stunde länger in der Woche als erwerbstätige Männer. Dies zeigt eine Sonderauswertung auf Basis der Zeitverwendungserhebung 2022 für die Erwerbstätigen in Deutschland." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Caring fathers in Europe: Toward universal caregiver families? (2024)
Martínez-Pastor, Juan-Ignacio; Jurado-Guerrero, Teresa; Castellanos-Serrano, Cristina ; Fernández-Lozano, Irina ;Zitatform
Martínez-Pastor, Juan-Ignacio, Teresa Jurado-Guerrero, Irina Fernández-Lozano & Cristina Castellanos-Serrano (2024): Caring fathers in Europe: Toward universal caregiver families? In: Gender, work & organization, Jg. 31, H. 5, S. 1616-1638. DOI:10.1111/gwao.12948
Abstract
"Increasingly, men are challenging the assumption that care is a feminine task and are involving themselves in childcare and the care of dependent adults. However, this does not necessarily have consequences for their work, as they very rarely make costly adaptations in their working lives. In this study, we propose a definition of a man in care (MIC) as a working father who, in order to meet care needs, has adapted his working life in a way that potentially entails a financial penalty. We analyze the prevalence of men in care among men living with children below the age of 15 across the EU-27 plus Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, and the UK using recent representative data (the European Labour Survey and its 2018 ad hoc module on work-life balance). We find that although the number of men engaging in costly work adaptations is still very low when compared to their female counterparts, the characteristics of these men can be clearly outlined: they have a non-manual occupation (managers excluded), they have temporary contracts or are self-employed, they are partnered to women who hold jobs of 40 or more hours a week and have a high educational attainment, and they work in family-friendly companies. Also, at the context level, the prevalence of MIC is clearly related to gender equality and values. However, we do not find evidence of any country having reached the universal caregiver model proposed by Nancy Fraser, including those with more advanced gender and welfare regimes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
'It's One Rule for Them and One for Us': Occupational Classification, Gender and Worktime Domestic Labour (2024)
Zitatform
Monroe, Julie, Steve Vincent & Ana Lopes (2024): 'It's One Rule for Them and One for Us': Occupational Classification, Gender and Worktime Domestic Labour. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 38, H. 5, S. 1175-1196. DOI:10.1177/09500170241235864
Abstract
"In this article, we focus on gender and class to investigate worktime domestic labor. Methodologically, we extend a novel, comparative critical realist method in which occupation-based and gendered positions in productive and reproductive labor are foregrounded. By building theoretical connections between labor process conditions and collective rule-following practices, we illustrate how inequalities are inscribed organisationally. Our analysis provides a more critical contextualisation of technological affordances to develop the literature on how technology is implicated in the reproduction of social inequality. Moreover, our analysis identifies multi-level causal processes, which combine to explain the presence and actualisation of worktime domestic labour or its absence, which is due, principally, to fear of sanction. For realist researchers interested in diversity-based challenges, absences are important because they can point towards specific discriminatory mechanisms. Our investigation thus revealed a surprising level of class-related in-work inequality within the gendered dynamics of domestic work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The division of housework and childcare from a dyadic perspective: Discrepancies between partners’ reports across the transition to parenthood (2024)
Zitatform
Naujoks, Tabea (2024): The division of housework and childcare from a dyadic perspective: Discrepancies between partners’ reports across the transition to parenthood. In: Demographic Research, Jg. 51, S. 927-964. DOI:10.4054/demres.2024.51.30
Abstract
"BACKGROUND There is a large body of research on the gendered division of domestic labor, but differences between women’s and men’s reported contributions to childcare and housework remain a puzzle. OBJECTIVE This study examines the reporting gap in the division of housework and childcare to understand how this gap changes across the transition to parenthood and how it is influenced by the couples’ constellations of educational and working hours. METHODS I use data from the German Family Panel (pairfam). The survey’s multi-actor design allows including both partners’ reports on the labor division. The sample consists of cohabiting different-sex couples who had their first child during the observation period, going from one year before the birth to two years after (n = 414). I employ logistic regressions to examine how the educational and working hours constellations are associated with reporting gaps. RESULTS This study reveals sizable reporting gaps in housework (45%) and childcare (38%) among couples during the transition to parenthood. Homogamous couples with tertiary education have the lowest predicted probability of reporting gaps. For the childcare reporting gap, I find that couples with a highly educated male partner and a medium or low-educated female partner exhibit the highest predicted probability of a reporting gap. The working hours constellation is unrelated to reporting gaps in either housework or childcare. CONTRIBUTION This study underscores that reporting gaps are systematically distributed, emphasizing the need for researchers to be aware of these patterns. Moreover, distinct results for housework and childcare emphasize the importance of analyzing them separately." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Max-Planck-Institut für demographische Forschung) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Eine Frage des Geschlechts? Arbeitsbedingungen aus der Perspektive von Männern und Frauen (2024)
Zitatform
Peters, Eileen (2024): Eine Frage des Geschlechts? Arbeitsbedingungen aus der Perspektive von Männern und Frauen. (FES diskurs), Bonn, 14 S.
Abstract
"Die Arbeitswelt befindet sich derzeit in einem großen Wandel. Digitalisierung, Fachkräftemangel und Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie treiben diesen stetig voran, um nur ein paar der gegenwärtigen Herausforderungen zu nennen. Das Alleinverdienermodell in Familien scheint zunehmend ausgedient zu haben, Pflege und Sorgearbeit müssen daher mit Erwerbsarbeit in Einklang gebracht werden. Doch noch immer arbeiten mehr Frauen in Teilzeit als Männer, sie übernehmen oftmals auch den größeren Anteil an Sorgearbeit und Pflege in den Familien. Wie wirken sich diese Veränderungen und Anforderungen auf die Wahrnehmung der Arbeitsbedingungen bei Frauen und Männern aus? Die vorliegende Studie zeigt, dass vor allem Frauen mit Kindern die Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie als äußerst wichtiges Arbeitsmerkmal erachten. Gleichzeitig bewerten vor allem Frauen ohne Kinder ihre Arbeitsbelastungen als hoch. Der Beitrag ergänzt die aktuelle Debatte um eine moderne Arbeitswelt, die den geänderten Bedürfnissen der Arbeitnehmer:innen gerecht wird. Besonders in Zeiten des Arbeits- und Fachkräftemangels ist dies ein dringender Appell." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Multiple Dimensions of Gender Ideologies: How They Relate to Normative Judgments of the Gender Division of Parental Leave (2024)
Zitatform
Philipp, Marie-Fleur (2024): Multiple Dimensions of Gender Ideologies: How They Relate to Normative Judgments of the Gender Division of Parental Leave. In: Social Politics, Jg. 31, H. 2, S. 404-428. DOI:10.1093/sp/jxae004
Abstract
"Previous research has found that gender ideologies are multidimensional. Additionally, their influence on work–care practices depends on the context, including the life stage, presence of children, and partners ’ resources, which has received less attention. This study contributes to the understanding of the conditionality of gender ideologies by examining how dimensions of gender ideologies relate to more specific normative judgments regarding the division of parental leave and testing whether the association depends on partners’ relative earnings. I draw on data from a vignette experiment implemented in the representative German GESIS Panel and apply ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models with cluster-robust standard errors to 8,185 vignette evaluations of 2,249 respondents. More egalitarian ideologies regarding the division of employment and housework and less essentialist ideologies are associated with less traditional judgments of the division of parental leave. Support for individual choice is only associated with less traditional judgments on the condition that the mother earns more." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Integrating the Social Reproduction of Labour into Macroeconomic Theory (2024)
Setterfield, Mark;Zitatform
Setterfield, Mark (2024): Integrating the Social Reproduction of Labour into Macroeconomic Theory. (Working paper / New School for Social Research 2024,05), New York, NY, 24 S.
Abstract
"The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the integration of unpaid care-giving in the household into short- and long-term macroeconomic theory and, in particular, the theoretical structure of production on the supply-side of the economy. The ambition of the project is to furnish a general theoretical representation of how unpaid care giving and its (gendered) social structure contributes to the technical conditions of production in the sphere of marketed output. In so doing, it aims to provide macro theorists with an apparatus that allows consistent description of both short-term (levels of activity) and long-term (rates of growth) macro outcomes in a manner that routinely integrates feminist insights regarding the gendered structure of the social reproduction of labour into macroeconomic analysis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehr – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug