matching – Suchprozesse am Arbeitsmarkt
Offene Stellen bei gleichzeitiger Arbeitslosigkeit - was Arbeitsmarkttheorien u. a. mit "unvollkommener Information" begründen, ist für Unternehmen und Arbeitsuchende oft nur schwer nachzuvollziehen: Unternehmen können freie Stellen nicht besetzen, trotzdem finden Arbeitsuchende nur schwer den passenden Job. Wie gestalten sich die Suchprozesse bei Unternehmen und Arbeitsuchenden, welche Konzessionen sind beide Seiten bereit einzugehen, wie lässt sich das "matching" verbessern?
Diese Infoplattform bietet wissenschaftliche Literatur zur theoretischen und empirischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema.
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Literaturhinweis
Disentangling goods, labor, and credit market frictions in three European economies (2018)
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Brzustowski, Thomas, Nicolas Petrosky-Nadeau & Etienne Wasmer (2018): Disentangling goods, labor, and credit market frictions in three European economies. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 180-196. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2016.05.006
Abstract
"We build a flexible model with search frictions in three markets: credit, labor, and goods markets. We then apply this model (called CLG) to three different economies: a flexible, finance-driven economy (the UK), an economy with wage moderation (Germany), and an economy with structural rigidities (Spain). In these three countries, goods and credit market frictions play a dominant role in entry costs and account for 75% to 85% of the total entry costs. In the goods market, adverse supply shocks are amplified through their propagation to the demand side, as they also imply income losses for consumers. This adds up to, at most, an additional 15% to 25% to the impact of the shocks. Finally, the speed of matching in the goods market and the credit market accounts for a small fraction of unemployment: most variation in unemployment comes from the speed of matching in the labor market." (Author's abstract, © 2016 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Endogenous separations, wage rigidities and unemployment volatility (2018)
Carlsson, Mikael; Westermark, Andreas;Zitatform
Carlsson, Mikael & Andreas Westermark (2018): Endogenous separations, wage rigidities and unemployment volatility. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2018,05), Uppsala, 33 S.
Abstract
"We show that in microdata, as well as in a search and matching model with flexible wages for new hires, wage rigidities of incumbent workers have substantial effects on separations and unemployment volatility. Allowing for an empirically relevant degree of wage rigidities for incumbent workers drives unemployment volatility, as well as the volatility of vacancies and tightness to that in the data. Thus, the degree of wage rigidity for newly hired workers is not a sufficient statistic for determining the effect of wage rigidities on macroeconomic outcomes. This finding affects the interpretation of a large empirical literature on wage rigidities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ethnic discrimination in hiring, labour market tightness and the business cycle: evidence from field experiments (2018)
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Carlsson, Magnus, Luca Fumarco & Dan-Olof Rooth (2018): Ethnic discrimination in hiring, labour market tightness and the business cycle. Evidence from field experiments. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 50, H. 24, S. 2652-2663. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2017.1406653
Abstract
"Several studies using observational data suggest that ethnic discrimination increases in downturns of the economy. We investigate whether ethnic discrimination depends on labour market tightness using data from correspondence studies. We utilize three correspondence studies of the Swedish labour market and two different measures of labour market tightness. These two measures produce qualitatively similar results, and, opposite to the observational studies, suggest that ethnic discrimination in hiring decreases in downturns of the economy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Imperfect monitoring of job search: structural estimation and policy design (2018)
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Cockx, Bart, Muriel Dejemeppe, Andrey Launov & Bruno Van der Linden (2018): Imperfect monitoring of job search. Structural estimation and policy design. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 36, H. 1, S. 75-120. DOI:10.1086/693868
Abstract
"We build and estimate a nonstationary structural job search model that incorporates the main stylized features of a typical job search monitoring scheme in unemployment insurance (UI) and acknowledges that search effort and requirements are measured imperfectly. On the basis of Belgian data, monitoring is found to affect search behavior only weakly because assessments were scheduled late and infrequently, the monitoring technology was not sufficiently precise, and lenient Belgian UI results in caseloads that are less responsive to incentives than elsewhere. Simulations show how changing the aforementioned design features can enhance effectiveness and that precise monitoring is key in this." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA discussion paper , 10487 -
Literaturhinweis
Labor market search with imperfect information and learning (2018)
Conlon, John; Zafar, Basit; Wiswall, Matthew; Pilossoph, J. Laura;Zitatform
Conlon, John, J. Laura Pilossoph, Matthew Wiswall & Basit Zafar (2018): Labor market search with imperfect information and learning. (NBER working paper 24988), Cambrige, Mass., 65 S. DOI:10.3386/w24988
Abstract
"We investigate the role of information frictions in the US labor market using a new nationally representative panel dataset on individuals' labor market expectations and realizations. We find that expectations about future job offers are, on average, highly predictive of actual outcomes. Despite their predictive power, however, deviations of ex post realizations from ex ante expectations are often sizable. The panel aspect of the data allows us to study how individuals update their labor market expectations in response to such shocks. We find a strong response: an individual who receives a job offer one dollar above her expectation subsequently adjusts her expectations upward by $0.47. The updating patterns we document are, on the whole, inconsistent with Bayesian updating. We embed the empirical evidence on expectations and learning into a model of search on- and off- the job with learning, and show that it is far better able to fit the data on reservation wages relative to a model that assumes complete information. The estimated model indicates that workers would have lower employment transition responses to changes in the value of unemployment through higher unemployment benefits than in a complete information model, suggesting that assuming workers have complete information can bias estimates of the predictions of government interventions. We use the framework to gauge the welfare costs of information frictions which arise because individuals make uninformed job acceptance decisions and find that the costs due to information frictions are sizable, but are largely mitigated by the presence of learning." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupations as labour market institutions: Occupational regulation and its effects on job matching and occupational closure (2018)
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Damelang, Andreas, Michael Stops & Martin Abraham (2018): Occupations as labour market institutions. Occupational regulation and its effects on job matching and occupational closure. In: Soziale Welt, Jg. 69, H. 4, S. 406-426., 2018-11-02. DOI:10.5771/0038-6073-2018-4-406
Abstract
"Wir definieren Berufe als Institutionen, die das Bildungssystem mit dem Arbeitsmarkt koppeln und argumentieren, dass Berufe idealtypische Anforderungsprofile von Stellenangeboten darstellen. Auf dieser theoretischen Grundlage erarbeiten wir unterschiedliche Mechanismen, wie berufliche Institutionen und deren Regulierung berufliche Qualifikationen definieren und den Zugang zu Berufen und gleichzeitig Mobilität zwischen Berufen strukturieren. Das Ausmaß der beruflichen Regulierung variiert erheblich zwischen den Berufen. Darauf aufbauend analysieren wir die Auswirkungen der beruflichen Regulierung. Wir zeigen, dass die Regulierung zweiteilige Effekte hat. Erstens erhöht die berufliche Regulierung den Informationsstand sowohl für Arbeitgeber als auch für Arbeitssuchende und verringert somit die Unsicherheit im Matching-Prozess. Zweitens produziert berufliche Regulierung 'closed shops', indem der Zugang zu Berufen eingeschränkt wird. Studien, die sowohl die positiven als auch die negativen Auswirkungen beruflicher Regulierungen berücksichtigen, sind bisher selten. Wir schließen diese Lücke, indem wir zwei zentrale Arbeitsmarktprozesse untersuchen: Job Matching und berufliche Schließung. Um berufliche Regulierung empirisch abzubilden, verwenden wir einen innovativen Indikator und testen unsere Hypothesen mit deutschen Daten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass je stärker die berufliche Regulierung bei sonst gleichen Bedingungen ist, desto weniger aufwändig gestaltet sich der Matching-Prozess für die Vertragspartner. Im Gegensatz dazu wird der Wechsel in eine neue Beschäftigung umso unwahrscheinlicher, je stärker ein Beruf reguliert ist." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Matching in cities (2018)
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Dauth, Wolfgang, Sebastian Findeisen, Enrico Moretti & Jens Südekum (2018): Matching in cities. (NBER working paper 25227), Cambrige, 65 S. DOI:10.3386/w25227
Abstract
"In most countries, average wages tend to be higher in larger cities. In this paper, we focus on the role played by the matching of workers to firms in explaining geographical wage differences. Using rich administrative German data for 1985-2014, we show that wages in large cities are higher not only because large cities attract more high-quality workers, but also because highquality workers are significantly more likely to be matched to high-quality plants. In particular, we find that assortative matching - measured by the correlation of worker fixed effects and plant fixed effects - is significantly stronger in large cities. The elasticity of assortative matching with respect to population has increased by around 75%in the last 30 years. We estimate that in a hypothetical scenario in which we keep the quality and location of German workers and plants unchanged, and equalize within-city assortative matching geographical wage inequality in Germany would decrease significantly. Overall, assortative matching magnifies wage differences caused by worker sorting and is a key factor in explaining the growth of wage disparities between communities over the last three decades.
If high-quality workers and firms are complements in production, moreover, increased assortative matching will increase aggregate earnings. We estimate that the increase in within-city assortative matching observed between 1985 and 2014 increased aggregate labor earnings in Germany by 2.1%, or 31.32 billion euros. We conclude that assortative matching increases earnings inequality across communities, but it also generates important efficiency gains for the German economy as a whole." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
On-the-job search, mismatch and worker heterogeneity (2018)
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DeLoach, Stephen B. & Mark Kurt (2018): On-the-job search, mismatch and worker heterogeneity. In: Journal of labor research, Jg. 39, H. 2, S. 219-233. DOI:10.1007/s12122-018-9263-1
Abstract
"This paper empirically examines the search behavior of currently employed workers to understand changes in on-the-job search across different types of employed individuals and varying labor market conditions. Using data from the American Time Use Survey, we estimate the responsiveness of workers with varying levels of productivity and job-match quality to regional labor market conditions. We find that those workers who are less-productive, mismatched in their current position, and high-productivity, mismatched workers are more likely to engage in search than other workers. These results have implications for models built on job mismatch, as well as for models seeking to explain increasing inequality and wage dispersion." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does the internet increase the job finding rate?: evidence from a period of internet expansion (2018)
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Denzer, Manuel, Thorsten Schank & Richard Upward (2018): Does the internet increase the job finding rate? Evidence from a period of internet expansion. (IZA discussion paper 11764), Bonn, 33 S.
Abstract
"We examine the impact of household access to the internet on job finding rates in Germany during a period (2006-2009) in which internet access increased rapidly, and job-seekers increased their use of the internet as a search tool. During this period, household access to the internet was almost completely dependent on connection to a particular technology (DSL). We therefore exploit the variation in connection rates across municipalities as an instrument for household access to the internet. OLS estimates which control for differences in individual and local area characteristics suggest a job-finding advantage of about five percentage points. The IV estimates are substantially larger, but much less precisely estimated. However, we cannot reject the hypothesis that, conditional on observables, residential computer access with internet was as good as randomly assigned with respect to the job-finding rate. The hypothesis that residential internet access helped job-seekers find work because of its effect on the job search process is supported by the finding that residential internet access greatly increased the use of the internet as a search method. We find some evidence that household access to the internet reduced the use of traditional job search methods, but this effect is outweighed by the increase in internetbased search methods." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Advertising and labor market matching: a tour through the times (2018)
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Devaro, Jed & Oliver Gürtler (2018): Advertising and labor market matching. A tour through the times. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 36, H. 1, S. 253-307. DOI:10.1086/693872
Abstract
"Surveying employment-related newspaper advertisements over several centuries, we identify four eras (neither workers nor firms posted ads, mostly workers posted ads, mostly firms posted ads, and both parties regularly posted ads). These eras can be understood in the context of the equilibrium of a matching model that incorporates strategic interactions by both sides of the labor market. Potential explanations for transitions across eras include increasing literacy rates, expansion of social insurance programs, growth in the labor force and firm size, reduction in mobility costs and search frictions, and the internet." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Schneller Internetzugang hilft Arbeitslosen bei der Jobsuche (2018)
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Diegmann, André, Nicole Gürtzgen, Laura Pohlan & Gerard J. van den Berg (2018): Schneller Internetzugang hilft Arbeitslosen bei der Jobsuche. In: IAB-Forum H. 13.12.2018, o. Sz., 2018-12-04.
Abstract
"Das Internet als Massenmedium hat die Art und Weise, wie Arbeitgeber und Arbeitsuchende zusammenfinden, entscheidend verändert. Eine aktuelle Studie zeigt, dass ein schneller Internetzugang in den ersten Jahren der Verbreitung des Breitbandinternets die Erfolgschancen der Jobsuche von Arbeitslosen in Deutschland verbessert hat." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Dynamics and endogeneity of firms' recruitment behaviour (2018)
Ehrenfried, Felix; Holzner, Christian;Zitatform
Ehrenfried, Felix & Christian Holzner (2018): Dynamics and endogeneity of firms' recruitment behaviour. (CESifo working paper 7283), München, 51 S.
Abstract
"Models of random search, directed search, or stock-ow matching differ substantially in the way they assume that job seekers and firms behave during the recruitment process. In this paper we identify new patterns about the recruitment behaviour of firms using the entropy balancing technique and argue that stock-flow matching models - if suitably amended by a timeconsuming screening technology - are best able to explain why the vacancy-filling hazard is increasing during the planned search period and decreases thereafter, why most applicants arrive early in the recruitment process, and why the willingness to pay higher wages or to hire less qualified or experienced applicants increases for firms, which have been unlucky and unable to hire until the intended starting date." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Evidence on the relationship between recruiting and the starting wage (2018)
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Faberman, R. Jason & Guido Menzio (2018): Evidence on the relationship between recruiting and the starting wage. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 67-79. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.01.003
Abstract
"Using data from the Employment Opportunity Pilot Project, we examine the relationship between the starting wage paid to the worker filling a vacancy, the number of applications attracted by the vacancy, the number of candidates interviewed for the vacancy, and the duration of the vacancy. We find that the wage is positively related to the duration of a vacancy and negatively related to the number of applications and interviews per week. We show that these surprising findings are consistent with a view of the labor market in which firms post wages and workers direct their search based on these wages if workers and jobs are heterogeneous and the interaction between the worker's type and the job's type in production satisfies some rather natural assumptions." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
On the effects of ranking by unemployment duration (2018)
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Fernández-Blanco, Javier & Edgar Preugschat (2018): On the effects of ranking by unemployment duration. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 104, H. May, S. 92-110. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2018.02.003
Abstract
"We propose a theory based on the firm's hiring behavior that rationalizes the observed significant decline of callback rates for an interview and exit rates from unemployment and the mild decline of reemployment wages over unemployment duration. We build a directed search model with symmetric incomplete information on worker types and non-sequential search by firms. Sorting due to firms' testing of applicants in the past makes expected productivity fall with duration, which induces firms to rank applicants by duration. In equilibrium callback and exit rates both fall with unemployment duration. In our numerical exercise using U.S. data we show that our model can replicate quite well the observed falling patterns, with the firm's ranking decision accounting for a sizable part." (Author's abstract, © 2018 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Household search or individual search: does it matter? (2018)
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Flabbi, Luca & James Mabli (2018): Household search or individual search: does it matter? In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 36, H. 1, S. 1-46. DOI:10.1086/693864
Abstract
"Most labor market search models ignore the fact that decisions are often made at the household level. We fill this gap by developing and estimating a household search model with on-the-job search and labor supply. We find that ignoring the household as a decision-making unit has relevant empirical consequences. In estimation, the individual search model implies gender wage offer differentials almost twice as large as the household search model. In the application, the individual search model implies female lifetime inequality 30% lower than the household search model. Labor market policy effects on lifetime inequality are also sensitive to the specification." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mismatch of talent: evidence on match quality, entry wages and job mobility (2018)
Fredriksson, Peter; Hensvik, Lena; Nordström Skans, Oskar;Zitatform
Fredriksson, Peter, Lena Hensvik & Oskar Nordström Skans (2018): Mismatch of talent. Evidence on match quality, entry wages and job mobility. In: The American economic review, Jg. 108, H. 11, S. 3303-3338. DOI:10.1257/aer.20160848
Abstract
"We examine the impact of mismatch on entry wages, separations, and wage growth using unique data on worker talents. We show that workers are sorted on comparative advantage across jobs within occupations. The starting wages of inexperienced workers are unrelated to mismatch. For experienced workers, on the other hand, mismatch is negatively priced into their starting wages. Separations and wage growth are more strongly related to mismatch among inexperienced workers than among experienced workers. These findings are consistent with models of information updating, where less information is available about the quality of matches involving inexperienced workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Identifying asymmetric effects of labor market reforms (2018)
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Gehrke, Britta & Enzo Weber (2018): Identifying asymmetric effects of labor market reforms. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 110, H. November, S. 18-40., 2018-07-17. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2018.07.006
Abstract
"This paper proposes a novel approach to identify structural long-term driving forces of the labor market and their short-run state-dependent effects. Based on search and matching theory, our empirical model extracts these driving forces within an unobserved components approach. We relate changes in the labor market structures to reforms that enhance the flexibility of the labor market in expansion and recession. Results for Germany and Spain show that labor market reforms have substantially weaker beneficial effects in the short run when implemented in recessions. From a policy perspective, these results highlight the costs of introducing reforms in recessions." (Author's abstract, © 2018 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How do refugees use their social capital for successful labor market integration? An exploratory analysis in Germany (2018)
Gericke, Dina; Löwe, Jil; Deller, Jürgen; Burmeister, Anne; Pundt, Leena;Zitatform
Gericke, Dina, Anne Burmeister, Jil Löwe, Jürgen Deller & Leena Pundt (2018): How do refugees use their social capital for successful labor market integration? An exploratory analysis in Germany. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 105, S. 46-61. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2017.12.002
Abstract
"Using Germany as an example, this qualitative study explores how refugees use their social capital within and outside organizations to enter their host countries' labor market. Following a grounded theory approach, we interviewed 36 Syrian refugees who had already secured employment in Germany. We aim to provide in-depth information regarding the available types, uses, and benefits of social capital with regard to their access and integration into the labor market. We found that refugees have access to different types of social capital and that these types can offer different forms of support to refugees during the labor market integration process. In addition, we identify subtle differences in the kinds of support offered through vertical and horizontal bonding and bridging social capital. More specifically, we found that vertical bridging social capital is a valuable source for securing adequate employment, whereas horizontal bonding social capital and independent job-searching methods may more often lead to low-skilled work or underemployment. Our findings provide new insights into how different forms of social capital can facilitate labor market integration of refugees at different stages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2018 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The cyclicality of labor-market flows: a multiple-shock approach (2018)
Hairault, Jean-Olivier; Zhutova, Anastasia;Zitatform
Hairault, Jean-Olivier & Anastasia Zhutova (2018): The cyclicality of labor-market flows. A multiple-shock approach. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 103, H. April, S. 150-172. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2018.01.008
Abstract
"In this paper, we aim to establish some stylized facts about the relative contributions of the job-finding and separation rates to unemployment dynamics depending on the nature of structural shocks. The shocks in our Bayesian Structural VAR model are identified using a sign-restriction approach, and capture shifts in the three conditions determining labor-market equilibrium in matching models: the Beveridge curve, and the job-creation and job-destruction conditions. Using both US and French data, we identify an aggregate shock to match profitability (the aggregate-profitability shock), a shock specific to existing jobs (the reallocation shock) and a shock to the efficiency of the matching process (the matching-efficiency shock). We find that the relative contributions of the job finding and separation rates are notably different across shocks in both countries, but are similar across countries for each type of shock. Labor market dynamics appear to be Transatlantic despite well-known institutional differences. However, it must be emphasized that the reaction of the labor market variables to the matching-efficiency shock seems more muted in the US than in France." (Author's abstract, © 2018 Elsevier) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA discussion paper , 8558 -
Literaturhinweis
Wage dispersion and search behavior : The importance of nonwage job values (2018)
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Hall, Robert E. & Andreas I. Mueller (2018): Wage dispersion and search behavior : The importance of nonwage job values. In: Journal of Political Economy, Jg. 126, H. 4, S. 1594-1637. DOI:10.1086/697739
Abstract
"We use a rich new body of data on the experiences of unemployed job seekers to determine the sources of wage dispersion and to create a search model consistent with the acceptance decisions the job seekers made. We identify the distributions of four key variables: offered wages, offered nonwage job values, job seekers' nonwork alternatives, and job seekers' personal productivities. We find that, conditional on personal productivity, the standard deviation of offered log wages is moderate, at 0.24, whereas the dispersion of the offered nonwage component is substantially larger, at 0.34. The resulting dispersion of offered job values is 0.38." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))