matching – Suchprozesse am Arbeitsmarkt
Offene Stellen bei gleichzeitiger Arbeitslosigkeit - was Arbeitsmarkttheorien u. a. mit "unvollkommener Information" begründen, ist für Unternehmen und Arbeitsuchende oft nur schwer nachzuvollziehen: Unternehmen können freie Stellen nicht besetzen, trotzdem finden Arbeitsuchende nur schwer den passenden Job. Wie gestalten sich die Suchprozesse bei Unternehmen und Arbeitsuchenden, welche Konzessionen sind beide Seiten bereit einzugehen, wie lässt sich das "matching" verbessern?
Diese Infoplattform bietet wissenschaftliche Literatur zur theoretischen und empirischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema.
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Literaturhinweis
Auszubildende über Social Media finden (2025)
Arndt, Franziska; Herzer, Philip; Risius, Paula;Zitatform
Arndt, Franziska, Philip Herzer & Paula Risius (2025): Auszubildende über Social Media finden. (KOFA kompakt / Kompetenzzentrum Fachkräftesicherung 2025,01), Köln, 6 S.
Abstract
"Die Lage am Ausbildungsmarkt ist angespannt: Viele Unternehmen können ihre Ausbildungsplätze nicht besetzen, während gleichzeitig zahlreiche Jugendliche ohne Ausbildungsplatz bleiben. Um diese Passungsprobleme zu überwinden, ist es wichtig, dass Unternehmen ihre Ausbildungsplätze dort bewerben, wo Jugendliche suchen. Besonders wichtig sind für Jugendliche Online-Stellenanzeigen und die Vermittlungsangebote der Bundesagentur für Arbeit. An dritter Stelle stehen Social-Media-Kanäle. Die passgenaue Auswahl von Social-Media-Kanälen und -Inhalten kann Unternehmen somit näher an Jugendliche bringen. Doch: Während Jugendliche vor allem über Instagram, YouTube und WhatsApp suchen, nutzen Unternehmen neben Instagram eher Facebook, LinkedIn und Xing. Gerade Facebook ist für Jugendliche jedoch kaum relevant. Die direkte Ansprache von Jugendlichen mit Haupt- und Realschulabschluss bietet besonders großes Potenzial, denn es zeigt sich, dass Haupt- und Realschüler:innen anders suchen als Abiturient:innen: Haupt- und Realschüler:innen nutzen neben Online-Stellenanzeigen besonders analoge Formate. In den sozialen Medien nutzen sie vorwiegend Instagram, WhatsApp und YouTube." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Gendered Job Search: An Analysis of Gender Differences in Reservation Wages and Job Applications (2025)
Zitatform
Basbug, Gokce & Roberto M. Fernandez (2025): Gendered Job Search: An Analysis of Gender Differences in Reservation Wages and Job Applications. In: ILR review, Jg. 78, H. 1, S. 217-239. DOI:10.1177/00197939241298623
Abstract
"Using a weekly survey of unemployed workers, this study examines gender differences in reservation wages and applied-for occupational categories. The analysis shows that a large portion of the gender difference in reservation wages is attributable to the fact that women and men search for different occupations. Findings further demonstrate that women are more likely to apply to occupations with higher percentages of female incumbents, and they target these occupations from the earlier stages of their job search, rather than adjusting their preferences over the course of unemployment. Further analysis shows that women are more likely to apply for occupational categories that offer greater flexibility in working hours, more opportunities for interpersonal interactions, less critical decision-making, and a less competitive environment. Finally, the analysis reveals that household responsibilities, particularly the number of children, and willingness to take risks are important factors influencing women’s decisions to pursue occupations with less demanding work hours." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job search under changing labour taxes (2025)
Zitatform
Bryson, Alex & Harald Dale-Olsen (2025): Job search under changing labour taxes. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 95. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102750
Abstract
"Workers’ job mobility decisions are related to firms’ wage policies but also depend on tax schedules. Using Norwegian population-wide administrative linked employer-employee data for 2010–2019, we study how the job-to-job turnover of employees is affected by marginal taxes and firms’ pay policies, thus drawing inferences on job search behaviour. By paying higher wages, job-to-job separation rates drop, but this negative relationship is weakened when income taxes increase, consistent with higher taxes reducing search activity. However, consistent with theory, the tax effect is smaller where workers receive performance bonuses." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Firm Pay and Worker Search (2025)
Caldwell, Sydnee; Haegele, Ingrid; Heining, Jörg;Zitatform
Caldwell, Sydnee, Ingrid Haegele & Jörg Heining (2025): Firm Pay and Worker Search. (IAB-Discussion Paper 04/2025), Nürnberg, 141 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.DP.2504
Abstract
"Ob und wie Arbeitnehmer am Arbeitsplatz suchen, hängt von ihren Vorstellungen über die Bezahlung und die Arbeitsbedingungen in anderen Unternehmen ab. Dennoch ist wenig darüber bekannt, wie viel Arbeitnehmer tatsächlich über die Arbeitsentgelte außerhalb ihrer aktuellen Beschäftigung Bescheid wissen. Wir nutzen eine groß angelegte Umfrage unter deutschen Vollzeitbeschäftigten, welche mit Sozialversicherungsdaten verknüpft wurde, um Gehaltserwartungen und Präferenzen gegenüber bestimmten externen Unternehmen zu ermitteln. Arbeitnehmer glauben, dass sie mit erheblicher Heterogenität hinsichtlich der Vergütung bei anderen Unternehmen konfrontiert sind und richten ihre Suche nach einem neuen Arbeitsplatz auf Unternehmen aus, von denen sie ausgehen, dass diese mehr bezahlen. Die von den Arbeitnehmern erwarteten unternehmensspezifischen Lohnaufschläge korrelieren sowohl stark mit den Vergütungsschemata, die sich anhand von administrativen Daten zeigen, als auch mit der Würdigung von firmenspezifischer Annehmlichkeiten. Die meisten Arbeiter sind auch bei einer erheblichen Erhöhung des Gehalts nicht bereit, sich einen neuen Job zu suchen – oder ihr derzeitiges Unternehmen zu verlassen. Die Kosten eines Jobwechsel betragen zwischen 7 und 18 Prozent des Jahreslohns eines Arbeitnehmers. Die Zugehörigkeit zu einem Arbeitgeber variiert je nach Arbeitgeber und kann nicht anhand von Unterschieden in firmenspezifischen Annehmlichkeiten oder den Kosten des Jobwechsels erklärt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Heining, Jörg; -
Literaturhinweis
This time it’s different – Generative artificial intelligence and occupational choice (2025)
Zitatform
Goller, Daniel, Christian Gschwendt & Stefan C. Wolter (2025): This time it’s different – Generative artificial intelligence and occupational choice. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 95. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102746
Abstract
"We show the causal influence of the launch of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in the form of ChatGPT on the search behavior of young people for apprenticeship vacancies. To estimate the short- and medium-term effects, we use a variety of methods, including a difference-in-discontinuity approach exploiting the exogenous nature of the unanticipated launch of ChatGPT in 2022. There is a strong short- and medium-term decline in the intensity of searches for vacancies, indicating a notable reduction in the supply of young people actively seeking apprenticeships and suggesting great uncertainty among the affected cohort. Occupations with a high proportion of cognitive tasks and with high demands on language skills were particularly affected by the decline. Interestingly, the revealed preferences in the search behavior of young job seekers contrasted with previous expert assessments on the automation risks of occupations and aligned with the most recent assessments of the AI and language model exposure of occupations – before these new assessments existed. Notably, while the supply decline did not reduce the number of signed apprenticeship contracts, we find evidence of declining applicant quality, particularly for commercial employees, the most widely offered apprenticeship in Switzerland." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Estimation of the wage offer distribution using both accepted and rejected offers (2025)
Zitatform
Guo, Junjie (2025): Estimation of the wage offer distribution using both accepted and rejected offers. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 96. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102756
Abstract
"This paper estimates the wage offer distribution using workers who received multiple offers in a short period of time, including both accepted and rejected offers. We show that, after accounting for worker heterogeneity and measurement error, each wage offer is a random draw from the same distribution, and a normal distribution with a standard deviation of 0.137 is consistent with data. The dispersion is smaller than most estimates in the literature, increasing in the unemployment rate for workers without a bachelor’s degree, but not significantly related to a worker’s age or employment status." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender-Specific Application Behaviour, Matching, and the Residual Gender Earnings Gap (2025)
Zitatform
Lochner, Benjamin & Christian Merkl (2025): Gender-Specific Application Behaviour, Matching, and the Residual Gender Earnings Gap. (CESifo working paper 11813), München, 35 S., Anhang.
Abstract
"This paper examines how gender-specific application behaviour, firms’ hiring practices, and flexibility demands relate to the gender earnings gap, using linked data from the German Job Vacancy Survey and administrative records. Women are less likely than men to apply to high-wage firms with high flexibility requirements, although their hiring chances are similar when they do. We show that compensating differentials for firms’ flexibility demands help explain the residual gender earnings gap. Among women, mothers experience the largest earnings penalties relative to men in jobs with high flexibility requirements." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Beschäftigungsaufnahmen von Personen in der Grundsicherung: Entfernung zwischen bisherigem Wohnort und Arbeitsort (2025)
Zitatform
Mense, Andreas & Katja Wolf (2025): Beschäftigungsaufnahmen von Personen in der Grundsicherung: Entfernung zwischen bisherigem Wohnort und Arbeitsort. (IAB-Forschungsbericht 16/2025), Nürnberg, 26 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FB.2516
Abstract
"Vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Reformüberlegungen zur Zumutbarkeit von Arbeit nach § 10 SGB II untersucht dieser Forschungsbericht, welche Entfernungen zwischen Wohnort und Arbeitsort bei Beschäftigungsaufnahmen von Personen im Grundsicherungsbezug typischerweise auftreten. Im Fokus stehen dabei systematische Unterschiede nach Personengruppen. Grundlage der Analysen sind administrative Daten aus den Integrierten Erwerbsbiografien (IEB) und der Leistungshistorik Grundsicherung (LHG) für das Jahr 2022. Untersucht werden erwerbsfähige Leistungsberechtigte im SGB II, die aus dem Grundsicherungsbezug heraus eine sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung aufgenommen haben. Ergänzend werden Befragungsdaten aus der ersten Welle des Online-Panel for Labour Market Research (OPAL) des IAB verwendet, um das beobachtete Verhalten mit den Selbstangaben von Grundsicherungsbeziehenden zu ihrem Arbeitssuchverhalten abzugleichen. Die Mehrheit nimmt eine Beschäftigung in Wohnortnähe auf. In 69 Prozent der Fälle liegt der Arbeitsort weniger als 15 km entfernt, in 17 Prozent zwischen 15 und 50 km. Gleichzeitig nimmt ein nicht unerheblicher Anteil auch größere Distanzen in Kauf: In 8,7 % der Fälle liegt der neue Arbeitsort mehr als 100 km vom bisherigen Wohnort entfernt. Die durchschnittliche Entfernung variiert deutlich zwischen unterschiedlichen Personengruppen. Alleinerziehende, Eltern minderjähriger Kinder, Ältere sowie Personen mit gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen nehmen im Mittel kürzere Distanzen in Kauf. Auch Teilzeitbeschäftigte verbleiben häufiger in der Nähe ihres bisherigen Wohnorts. Umgekehrt nehmen junge, alleinstehende oder hochqualifizierte Personen im Mittel Arbeitsstellen in durchschnittlich größerer Entfernung an. Ähnliche Unterschiede zeigen sich auch bei der Wahrscheinlichkeit, eine Beschäftigung in mehr als 100 km Entfernung aufzunehmen. Die meisten dürften dafür umziehen. Die Analysen basieren auf multivariaten Regressionsmodellen, die eine Vielzahl potenziell relevanter Merkmale kontrollieren. Die Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen bleiben auch nach Kontrolle dieser Merkmale bestehen und decken sich mit den Ausnahmeregelungen des § 10 Abs. 2 SGB II. Diese sehen vor, dass bei der Prüfung der Zumutbarkeit persönliche, familiäre und gesundheitliche Gründe zu berücksichtigen sind. Die OPAL-Befragungsdaten bestätigen diese Befunde tendenziell. So zeigen sich ähnliche gruppenspezifische Muster bei der Selbsteinschätzung zur Bereitschaft, längere Pendelzeiten oder einen Umzug in Kauf zu nehmen. Frauen, ältere Personen, Alleinerziehende und Personen, die eine Teilzeitbeschäftigung suchen, geben seltener an, für eine Stelle über 60 Minuten pendeln oder umziehen zu wollen. Gleichzeitig zeigen Personen mit Hochschulabschluss sowie ausländischer Staatsangehörigkeit eine höhere Bereitschaft zu räumlicher Mobilität. Die in den administrativen Daten erkennbaren Unterschiede in den Entfernungen zwischen Wohn- und Arbeitsort lassen sich also durch Unterschiede im Arbeitssuchverhalten plausibel erklären. Diese Befunde lassen sich weniger als Folge der aktuellen gesetzlichen Ausnahmeregelungen interpretieren, sondern vielmehr als deren empirische Grundlage: Denn § 10 SGB II trägt den gruppenspezifisch variierenden Mobilitätsmöglichkeiten Rechnung. Die Ausnahmetatbestände in § 10 SGB II wurden eben gerade deshalb geschaffen, weil Alleinerziehende und andere räumlich weniger mobile Personen seltener weite Pendelwege oder einen Umzug in Kauf nehmen können oder wollen. Es erscheint daher sinnvoll, bestehende Mobilitätshemmnisse gezielt abzubauen, die Bereitschaft zu überregionaler Mobilität bei der Vermittlung zu berücksichtigen und so individuelle Vermittlungsstrategien zu stärken. Zudem sollte die Politik die institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen – etwa Möglichkeiten zur Kinderbetreuung, den Wohnungsmarkt, und die Verkehrssituation – in den Blick nehmen, um die Mobilitätsbereitschaft zu erhöhen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
What makes a good place to work? The effect of internal corporate social responsibility on word-of-mouth for employers (2025)
Zitatform
Mutter, Anna, Jasmin Afrahi & Thomas Armbrüster (2025): What makes a good place to work? The effect of internal corporate social responsibility on word-of-mouth for employers. In: The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Jg. 36, H. 11, S. 1807-1833. DOI:10.1080/09585192.2025.2534339
Abstract
"Word-of-mouth for employers (WOME; i.e., employees talking positively about their employer organization) is a valuable corporate means of recruitment in times of employee shortage and war for talent. However, research on the determinants of WOME is fragmented, and the identification of success factors is incomplete. Based on research on word-of-mouth mechanisms and social exchange theory, which explains exchange relationships between sender and receiver, we elaborate on a model of WOME that comprises classic and emerging factors of workplace attractiveness (monetary compensation, work environment, and workplace fun) and internal corporate social responsibility (ICSR). We hypothesize that ICSR exhibits the greatest explanatory power for WOME. We tested our assumption with a data set of 132,995 participants from 13 industrial sectors in Germany and ran a multiple linear regression analysis with four independent variables and WOME as the dependent variable. ICSR proved to have the greatest effect on WOME, which we consider a result of employees’ interest in a fair exchange relationship with their employers, followed by workplace fun, the work environment, and monetary compensation. We discuss the results in terms of the above-mentioned theories and point out directions for future research as well as practical implications." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A Tale of Two Job Searches: An Integrative Review of How Job Seeker Characteristics Shape Informal Job Search Effectiveness (2025)
Porter, Caitlin M. ; Du, Juan; Solanelles, Pol ; Pearson, Ashley Howell ; Cullen‐Lester, Kristin L. ;Zitatform
Porter, Caitlin M., Pol Solanelles, Kristin L. Cullen‐Lester, Ashley Howell Pearson & Juan Du (2025): A Tale of Two Job Searches: An Integrative Review of How Job Seeker Characteristics Shape Informal Job Search Effectiveness. In: Journal of organizational behavior, S. 1-25. DOI:10.1002/job.2864
Abstract
"Informal job search—the use of personal and professional networks for job search—is a popular job search method. Yet, answers to the questions of whether informal job search is effective (relative to formal job search) and why have not been clearly articulated, hindering research progress and limiting practical recommendations for job seekers and institutions. We endeavored to address these questions via an integrative, interdisciplinary review of how job search methods (i.e., formal vs. informal) and forms of social capital (i.e., types of contacts and tie strength) relate to job search outcomes (i.e., finding a job vs. finding quality employment), and we summarize evidence for the role of job seeker characteristics as key contingencies on this process. In doing so, we uncover “a tale of two job searches,” wherein informal job search effectiveness is dependent upon job seeker characteristics that impart status within the labor market and/or society. Collectively, our review provides much-needed clarity regarding whether an informal job search is better than a formal job search and why , revealing that answers to these questions depend on who is searching for a job. Considering these insights, we outline an agenda for future research focused on enhancing job seekers' access to social networks and integrating job search and social network perspectives to extend knowledge of how different types of job seekers can more effectively utilize their networks for job search." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Optimal unemployment insurance with multiple applications (2025)
Wee, Shu Lin;Zitatform
Wee, Shu Lin (2025): Optimal unemployment insurance with multiple applications. In: Journal of monetary economics, Jg. 154. DOI:10.1016/j.jmoneco.2025.103798
Abstract
"This paper examines how unemployment transfers should be allocated over the business cycle. When risk-averse workers can submit multiple applications, the optimal UI policy is countercyclical. In contrast, optimal policy in a standard search model featuring one-to-one matching is procyclical. In the latter, more generous UI during a downturn discourages search effort, dampening job creation. In the former, decreased search effort aids job creation. Because firms cannot coordinate and commit to not making the same worker an offer, lower search effort by reducing the number of applications sent mitigates this coordination friction. This in turn boosts job creation incentives, supporting employment outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Older Worker’s Job Search Activities and Employment Transition (2025)
Zitatform
Yeo, Hyesu (2025): Older Worker’s Job Search Activities and Employment Transition. In: Research on Aging, S. 1-16. DOI:10.1177/01640275251343107
Abstract
"This study investigated job search patterns among American older workers. Data from the 2016-2018 Health and Retirement Study included 1501 individuals aged 50+ who were looking for jobs in 2016. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was conducted to identify job search patterns based on nine types of job search activities. Multinomial logistic regression was then used to examine membership in each class. Five job search patterns emerged from the LCA analysis, including No Ads, Ads only, Friends & Ads, Phone & Ads, and Agencies & Ads. Employment transitions were related to job search patterns. Unemployed older workers, despite utilizing more diverse job search methods, were less likely to secure new jobs compared to their employed peers. These findings highlight the need for workforce development programs to focus on workplace skill-building training and educational opportunities before becoming unemployed and age-friendly workforce development tailored to older workers with low-skilled and low income." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Vom Mismatch zum Match: Wie sich Jugendliche und Unternehmen auf dem Ausbildungsmarkt suchen und finden (können): Eine kombinierte Jugend- und Unternehmensbefragung (2024)
Arndt, Franziska; Risius, Paula; Schaffer, Fabian; Herzer, Philip; Werner, Dirk; Wieland, Clemens; Renk, Helen;Zitatform
Arndt, Franziska, Philip Herzer, Paula Risius, Dirk Werner, Helen Renk, Fabian Schaffer & Clemens Wieland (2024): Vom Mismatch zum Match: Wie sich Jugendliche und Unternehmen auf dem Ausbildungsmarkt suchen und finden (können). Eine kombinierte Jugend- und Unternehmensbefragung. Gütersloh, 43 S. DOI:10.11586/2024103
Abstract
"Immer mehr Ausbildungsplätze in Deutschland bleiben unbesetzt, gleichzeitig gehen viele Bewerber:innen auf dem Ausbildungsmarkt leer aus. Was sind die Gründe? Liegt es vielleicht auch daran, dass die Suchprofile und -strategien der Unternehmen und der ausbildungsinteressierten jungen Menschen nicht zusammenpassen? Mit anderen Worten: Wo und wie platzieren Unternehmen ihr Angebot und passt das zu dem Suchverhalten von Jugendlichen? Die gemeinsame Studie des Instituts der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln und der Bertelsmann Stiftung stellt die Perspektiven von Ausbildungsbetrieben und jungen Menschen einander gegenüber. Beide Seiten sind sich zwar grundsätzlich über den hohen Stellenwert einer Berufsausbildung als gute Karrieregrundlage einig und nutzen insbesondere Online-Stellenausschreibungen, die Bundesagentur für Arbeit und Social Media Kanäle zur Suche nach Ausbildungsplätzen bzw. Bewerber:innen – im Detail zeigen sich jedoch einige entscheidende Unterschiede im Kommunikations- und Informationsverhalten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Overeducation in the EU: Gender and regional dimension (2024)
Zitatform
Baran, Jan A. (2024): Overeducation in the EU: Gender and regional dimension. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 90. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102603
Abstract
"The paper investigates factors associated with the overeducation risk in the EU, with a specific focus on gender and regional variables. The study tests Frank's theory of differential overqualification, which suggests that women are more likely to be overeducated than men, especially in small local labor markets. Although women's overeducation rates usually exceed those of men, the study's results show limited validity of Frank's model due to a nuanced relationship by which gender is linked to overeducation. They suggest that gender differentiates the overeducation risk in combination with care responsibilities, whilst easier access to childcare facilities is associated with a lower risk of overeducation among women in households with young children. Moreover, migrant women are found to be more at risk of overeducation, compared to both migrant men and non-migrants. Contrary to Frank's theory, the degree of urbanisation is found irrelevant for overeducation. Furthermore, the study shows the evidence of growing incidence of overeducation in the EU in 2011–2018." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Uncertainty, labor force participation and job search (2024)
Bilenkisi, Fikret;Zitatform
Bilenkisi, Fikret (2024): Uncertainty, labor force participation and job search. In: Economic Modelling, Jg. 139. DOI:10.1016/j.econmod.2024.106833
Abstract
"This study examines the impact of labor force participation (LFP) on search behavior and unemployment in response to uncertainty shocks. Using a Bayesian vector autoregression model, this study shows that an increase in uncertainty raises unemployment, lowers inflation and decreases LFP and search intensity. Then, a New Keynesian model that incorporates endogenous LFP and variable search intensity is constructed. Results show that both search intensity and participation are procyclical, which suggests a discouragement effect. However, with habit formation, the wealth effect outweighs the discouragement effect and induces an increase in LFP, resulting in a more significant decline in aggregate search intensity due to the expanded searcher pool. In the exogenous LFP model, search intensity is countercyclical, which dampens the unemployment rate. In the endogenous LFP model, the increased entry of non-participants cancels out the countercyclical search intensity of unemployed workers due to the large number of searchers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Learning about labor markets (2024)
Zitatform
Bradley, Jake & Lukas Mann (2024): Learning about labor markets. In: Journal of monetary economics, Jg. 148. DOI:10.1016/j.jmoneco.2024.103612
Abstract
"We study a general equilibrium model of the labor market in which agents slowly learn about their suitability for jobs. Our model reproduces desirable features of the data, many of which standard models fail to replicate. We explore how, in such an environment, asymmetric information can lead to substantial misallocation. We calibrate our model to US data and quantify the welfare loss arising from misallocation due to informational frictions. The tractability of the model allows us to explore the responsiveness of wages and employment to an aggregate shock. We find that wage rigidity arises endogenously because of protracted learning, and in line with the data, the model is able to generate a larger and more persistent employment response." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How workers and firms meet in the labor market and why it matters (2024)
Zitatform
Carillo-Tudela, Carlos, Leo Kaas & Benjamin Lochner (2024): How workers and firms meet in the labor market and why it matters. (VoxEU columns / Centre for Economic Policy Research), London, o. Sz.
Abstract
"Most firms match with workers through job postings, networks of personal contacts, or the public employment agency. This column investigates the effects of search channels on labor market outcomes in Germany. Low-wage firms and low-wage workers are more likely to match via networks or the public agency, while high-wage firms and high-wage workers succeed more often via job postings. Because search channels connect workers and firms at different rungs of the wage distribution, matching technologies matter not only for individual job search outcomes, but also for aggregate employment, productivity, and wage inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © VOXEU) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Effect of Wages on Job Vacancy Duration: Evidence from a Spatial Discontinuity (2024)
Zitatform
Carter, Charles, Judith M. Delaney & Kerry L. Papps (2024): The Effect of Wages on Job Vacancy Duration: Evidence from a Spatial Discontinuity. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17273), Bonn, 30 S.
Abstract
"We exploit a spatial discontinuity in the wages paid by the United Kingdom's National Health Service to examine how wages affect the duration of time a vacancy is advertised. NHS workers in inner London are mandated by law to be paid an extra 4.3% more than those who work in outer London. We use a regression discontinuity design and estimate an elasticity of duration with respect to wages of -6.3. This number is larger than reported by previous studies and suggests that firms can fill worker shortages faster by raising wages. This also highlights the importance this margin of worker recruitment when analysing firm search and job match. Our results are robust to various checks including a placebo test using fictitious borders and are robust to changes in the bandwidth and the duration measure. The estimates are similar across all occupational groups in the NHS and are not limited to jobs that require specific skills such as nurses and therapists. Our results provide evidence for policy makers which suggests that increasing the wages paid to NHS workers may lead to increased cost savings by reducing the need to hire expensive agency staff and may also lead to better health outcomes of the population through reduced staff shortages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Life-Cycle Worker Flows and Cross-Country Differences in Aggregate Employment (2024)
Zitatform
Créchet, Jonathan, Etienne Lalé & Linas Tarasonis (2024): Life-Cycle Worker Flows and Cross-Country Differences in Aggregate Employment. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16878), Bonn, 71 S.
Abstract
"Cross-country employment differences are concentrated among women, the youth, and older individuals. In this paper, we document how worker flows between employment, unemployment, and out of the labor force vary by gender and age and contribute to aggregate employment differences across a large panel of European countries. We then build a life-cycle Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides model capturing the salient features of our data. Key elements of the model are an extensive margin (i.e., labor force participation) and intensive margin (i.e., variable intensity) of search effort. The model attributes a major role to the production technology in driving differences in aggregate employment, while labor-market policies play a minor role. Search effort substantially amplifies the effects of technology across gender and age groups and is a prominent proximate cause of the cross-country variation in aggregate employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Application Flows (2024)
Zitatform
Davis, Steven J. & Brenda Samaniego de la Parra (2024): Application Flows. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16903), Bonn, 61 S.
Abstract
"We build and analyze a new U.S. database that links 125 million applications to job vacancies and employer-side clients on Dice.com, an online platform for jobs and workers in software design, computer systems, engineering, financial analysis, management consulting, and other occupations that require technical skills. We find, first, that posting durations are quite short, often only two or three days, with a median of seven days. Second, labor market tightness has tiny effects on posting durations. Third, job seekers display a striking propensity to target new postings, with almost half of applications flowing to openings posted in the past 48 hours. Fourth, applications per posting are much too uneven to reflect random search, even within narrow market segments and job categories. Moreover, posted offer wages play no role in explaining the deviations from a random-search benchmark. Fifth, intermediaries play a huge role on both sides of the platform: Recruitment and staffing firms account for two-thirds of all postings and attract most of the applications. We relate these and other findings to theories of labor market search." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))