matching – Suchprozesse am Arbeitsmarkt
Offene Stellen bei gleichzeitiger Arbeitslosigkeit - was Arbeitsmarkttheorien u. a. mit "unvollkommener Information" begründen, ist für Unternehmen und Arbeitsuchende oft nur schwer nachzuvollziehen: Unternehmen können freie Stellen nicht besetzen, trotzdem finden Arbeitsuchende nur schwer den passenden Job. Wie gestalten sich die Suchprozesse bei Unternehmen und Arbeitsuchenden, welche Konzessionen sind beide Seiten bereit einzugehen, wie lässt sich das "matching" verbessern?
Diese Infoplattform bietet wissenschaftliche Literatur zur theoretischen und empirischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema.
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Literaturhinweis
Work as foraging: a smartphone study of job search and employment after prison (2018)
Sugie, Naomi F.;Zitatform
Sugie, Naomi F. (2018): Work as foraging: a smartphone study of job search and employment after prison. In: American Journal of Sociology, Jg. 123, H. 5, S. 1453-1491. DOI:10.1086/696209
Abstract
"The past several decades have seen a decline in employment rates and labor force participation, particularly among low-skilled, minority men living in poor areas. As low-skill jobs disappear from poor places, how do marginalized job seekers navigate this landscape? Using over 8,000 daily measures of search and work collected from smartphones distributed to 133 men recently released from prison, this article presents the concept of work as foraging, where people work a variety of extremely precarious opportunities that span across job types. Sequence analysis methods describe distinct patterns of search and work that unfold over time, where most people cease their search efforts after the first month and maintain a state of very irregular and varied work. Although there is substantial heterogeneity in patterns, foraging is a common strategy of survival work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effects of workplace learning in higher education on employment and match quality: is there an early-career trade-off? (2018)
Zitatform
Verhaest, Dieter & Stijn Baert (2018): The effects of workplace learning in higher education on employment and match quality. Is there an early-career trade-off? In: Empirical economics, Jg. 55, H. 3, S. 1229-1270. DOI:10.1007/s00181-017-1308-4
Abstract
"We investigate whether the choice for a higher education program with a substantial workplace learning component entails an early-career trade-off between on the one hand higher employment chances and better initial matches (when opting for a program with workplace learning) and on the other hand a lower risk of bad match persistence (when opting for a program without workplace learning). To this end, we rely on longitudinal data of Belgian graduates that track their careers up until the age of 29. We model the program choice, the transition to a good match and the preceding transition to a bad match simultaneously. To account for non-random selection into programs and into bad matches, the Timing of Events method is combined with an exclusion restriction. After accounting for observed and unobserved heterogeneity, we do not find evidence for a trade-off. This result contributes to the debate about the efficiency of vocationalizing tertiary education programs through the implementation of workplace learning." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Active labour market policies in Germany: do regional labour markets benefit? (2018)
Wapler, Rüdiger; Wolf, Katja; Werner, Daniel;Zitatform
Wapler, Rüdiger, Daniel Werner & Katja Wolf (2018): Active labour market policies in Germany. Do regional labour markets benefit? In: Applied Economics, Jg. 50, H. 51, S. 5561-5578., 2018-05-01. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2018.1487526
Abstract
"This article examines on a regional level whether active labour market policies (ALMP) improve the matching process. To take the fact of heterogeneous search effectiveness during programme participation into account, we distinguish between current and former programme participants. Our findings based on a regional augmented matching function show that higher search effectiveness due to ALMP is not outweighed by indirect effects on nonparticipants. The total number of matches in a region increases with a higher share of former programme participants among the jobseekers. However, these effects largely differ between programme types." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Digitalisation, hiring and personnel policy: evidence from a representative business survey (2018)
Zitatform
Warning, Anja & Enzo Weber (2018): Digitalisation, hiring and personnel policy: evidence from a representative business survey. (IAB-Discussion Paper 10/2018), Nürnberg, 43 S.
Abstract
"In unserem Papier untersuchen wir, wie sich Beschäftigung und Einstellungsprozesse im Zuge der Digitalisierung verändern. Dafür nutzen wir die IAB-Stellenerhebung, eine repräsentative Arbeitgeberbefragung, die im Jahr 2015 um Sonderfragen zum Stand der digitalen Entwicklung im jeweils befragten Betrieb erweitert wurde. Dies ermöglicht eine unmittelbare Verknüpfung zwischen den Themen Digitalisierung und Beschäftigung/Ein-stellungen. Wir unterscheiden zwischen drei Formen von Digitalisierung und erfassen sowohl die digitale Entwicklung in der Vergangenheit als auch die Erwartungen für die Zukunft. Die Regressionsanalysen zeigen, dass die Digitalisierung bereits spürbare Auswirkungen zeigt. Dies betrifft zum einen die quantitative Entwicklung von Einstellungen, Abgängen aus Beschäftigung, offenen Stellen und abgebrochenen Personalsuchprozessen. Zum anderen beobachten wir qualitative Veränderungen bei den Neueinstellungen, konkret bei den nachgefragten Bildungsabschlüssen, den besonderen erforderlichen Qualifikationen und besonderen Arbeitsbedingungen. Die Dauer der Rekrutierung wird ebenfalls durch den Stand der Digitalisierung beeinflusst, während sich die Löhne, die bei Neueinstellung vereinbart wurden, nicht verändern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Unemployment insurance and the labor market (2018)
Zweimüller, Josef;Zitatform
Zweimüller, Josef (2018): Unemployment insurance and the labor market. In: Labour economics, Jg. 53, H. August, S. 1-14. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2018.06.003
Abstract
"The existing literature assumes that unemployment insurance (UI) affects the labor market through the job finding rate of eligible workers. Recent research has started to broaden the perspective. In this paper, I show evidence for UI effects through three other margins: (i) search externalities; (ii) take-up of other welfare state programs; and (iii) job separations. The evidence suggests that the analysis of optimal UI should take a more comprehensive view of how UI affects the labor market." (Author's abstract, © 2018 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Insight into job search self-regulation: effects of employment self-efficacy and perceived progress on job search intensity (2018)
Zitatform
da Motta Veiga, Serge P. & Daniel B. Turban (2018): Insight into job search self-regulation. Effects of employment self-efficacy and perceived progress on job search intensity. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 108, H. October, S. 57-66. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2018.06.010
Abstract
"This study builds on a self-regulation framework to examine the influence of employment self-efficacy and perceived progress on job search intensity. Results from a repeated-measures study with new labor market entrants indicated that job seekers with higher between-person chronic employment self-efficacy put more intensity in their job search compared to those with lower chronic employment self-efficacy. Notably, however, within-person analyses indicated that as employment self-efficacy increased, job search intensity subsequently decreased. These results provide support for social cognitive theory for between-person employment self-efficacy, and for control theory for within-person employment self-efficacy. Furthermore, increased perceived progress was positively related to subsequent job search intensity. The positive relationship of perceived progress with subsequent job search intensity was moderated by chronic employment self-efficacy, such that the relationship was positive only for job seekers with lower chronic employment self-efficacy." (Author's abstract, © 2018 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational match quality and gender over two cohorts (2017)
Zitatform
Addison, John T., Liwen Chen & Orgul D. Ozturk (2017): Occupational match quality and gender over two cohorts. (IZA discussion paper 11114), Bonn, 55 S.
Abstract
"Job mobility, especially early in a career, is an important source of wage growth. This effect is typically attributed to heterogeneity in the quality of employee-employer matches, with individuals learning of their abilities and discovering the tasks at which they are most productive through job search. That is, job mobility enables better matches, and individuals move to better their labor market prospects and settle once they find a satisfactory match. In this paper, we show that there are gender differences in match quality and changes in match quality over the course of careers. In particular, we find that females are mismatched more than males. This is true even for females with the best early-career matches. However, the direction of the gender effect differs significantly by education. Only females among the college educated are more mismatched and are more likely to be over-qualified then their male counterparts. These results are seemingly driven by life events, such as child birth. For their part, college-educated males of the younger cohort are worse off in terms of match quality compared to the older cohort, while the new generation of women is doing better on average." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: CESifo working paper , 7350 -
Literaturhinweis
Fachkräftemangel: Reaktionen der Betriebe sowie Auswirkungen auf Investitionsentscheidungen und Wachstum: Studie im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Energie. Abschlussbericht (2017)
Arnold, Daniel; Hillerich-Sigg, Annette; Nolte, André;Zitatform
Arnold, Daniel, Annette Hillerich-Sigg & André Nolte (2017): Fachkräftemangel: Reaktionen der Betriebe sowie Auswirkungen auf Investitionsentscheidungen und Wachstum. Studie im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Energie. Abschlussbericht. Mannheim, 144 S.
Abstract
Diese Studie untersucht anhand repräsentativer Daten für Deutschland, wie Betriebe auf erwartete Fachkräfteengpässe reagieren. Ziel ist es, ein umfassendes Bild der betrieblichen Reaktionen zu zeichnen und die wirtschaftlichen Folgen von Fachkräfteengpässen abzuschätzen. Einerseits können Betriebe betriebliche Personalmaßnahmen ergreifen, die primär darauf ausgerichtet sind, ungenutzte interne Reserven zu mobilisieren oder für bestimmte Personengruppen als Arbeitgeber attraktiver zu werden. Entsprechend untersucht diese Studie das Weiterbildungsangebot, Maßnahmen zur Förderung von älteren Beschäftigten inklusive der Gesundheitsförderung sowie Maßnahmen zur Förderung der Chancengleichheit. Anderseits können Betriebe ihre Rekrutierungsstrategien anpassen. Dies reicht von der Nutzung sozialer Medien für die Mitarbeitergewinnung bis hin zur verstärkten betrieblichen Ausbildung. Betriebe können aber auch höhere Löhne zahlen oder niedrigere Qualifikationsanforderungen stellen, mit dem Ziel die Bewerberzahl zu erhöhen. Um das Rekrutierungsverhalten der Betriebe zu analysieren, werden neben dem Ausbildungsengagement die Struktur der Neueinstellungen sowie deren Entlohnung untersucht. Schließlich wird die wirtschaftliche Situation der Betriebe mit Fachkräfteengpässen in den Blick genommen. Dies umfasst die Beschäftigungsentwicklung und deren Struktur, die Ertragslage, die Produktivität sowie das Investitions- und Innovationsverhalten der Betriebe. (IAB)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Nolte, André; -
Literaturhinweis
The impact of unemployment insurance on job search: evidence from Google search data (2017)
Baker, Scott R.; Fradkin, Andrey;Zitatform
Baker, Scott R. & Andrey Fradkin (2017): The impact of unemployment insurance on job search: evidence from Google search data. In: The Review of Economics and Statistics, Jg. 99, H. 5, S. 756-768. DOI:10.1162/REST_a_00674
Abstract
"Job search is a key choice variable in theories of labor markets but is difficult to measure directly. We develop a job search activity index based on Google search data, the Google Job Search Index (GJSI). We validate the GJSI with both survey- and web-based measures of job search. Unlike those measures, the GJSI is high frequency, geographically precise, and available in real time. We demonstrate the GJSI's utility by using it to study the effects of unemployment insurance policy changes between 2008 and 2014. We find no evidence of an economically meaningful effect of these changes on aggregate search." (Author's abstract, © MIT Press Journals) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Local labor market size and qualification mismatch (2017)
Zitatform
Berlingieri, Francesco (2017): Local labor market size and qualification mismatch. (ZEW discussion paper 17-055), Mannheim, 32 S.
Abstract
"This paper investigates the effect of the size of the local labor market on skill mismatch. Using survey data for Germany, I find that workers in large cities are both less likely to be overqualified for their job and to work in a different field than the one they are trained for. Different empirical strategies are employed to account for the potential sorting of talented workers into more urbanized areas. Results on individuals never moving from the place of childhood and fixed-effects estimates obtaining identification through regional migrants suggest that sorting does not fully explain the existing differences in qualification mismatch across areas. This provides evidence of the existence of agglomeration economies through better matches. However, lower qualification mismatch in larger cities is found to explain only a small part of the urban wage premium." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Effectiveness of a job vacancy referral scheme (2017)
Zitatform
Bollens, Joost & Bart Cockx (2017): Effectiveness of a job vacancy referral scheme. In: IZA journal of labor policy, Jg. 6, S. 1-24. DOI:10.1186/s40173-017-0094-0
Abstract
"The public employment service (PES) makes use in many countries of vacancy referrals as to facilitate the matching between unemployed workers and vacancies. Based on a 'timing-of-events' approach to control for selective participation, this study evaluates whether this policy instrument enhanced the transition to employment in Flanders (region in northern Belgium). Three referral types are distinguished: (1) referrals actively matched by a caseworker by phone or by e-mail; (2) automatic referrals, in which the match is accomplished by a software without caseworker intervention; and (3) invitations, in which the referral is transmitted to the unemployed in a meeting with a caseworker. All three referral instruments are found to be effective, even many months after the transmission of the referral: the first and third referral types more than triples, respectively, double the transition rate to employment both in short- and long-run, while the automatic referrals enhance this rate by 50% in the first 2 months and double it in the long-run." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Neueinstellungen im Jahr 2016: Große Betriebe haben im Wettbewerb um Fachkräfte oft die Nase vorn (2017)
Zitatform
Bossler, Mario, Alexander Kubis & Andreas Moczall (2017): Neueinstellungen im Jahr 2016: Große Betriebe haben im Wettbewerb um Fachkräfte oft die Nase vorn. (IAB-Kurzbericht 18/2017), Nürnberg, 8 S.
Abstract
"Kleine und mittlere Betriebe stellen den Großteil des gesamtwirtschaftlichen Stellenangebots und damit auch den Großteil der Neueinstellungen in Deutschland. So gab es im Jahr 2016 insgesamt 3,65 Millionen Neueinstellungen im Bereich der sozialversicherungspflichtigen Beschäftigung, 44 Prozent davon in kleinen Betrieben mit weniger als 50 Beschäftigten. Das Wachstumspotenzial der deutschen Wirtschaft hängt somit maßgeblich davon ab, ob und wie gerade diese Betriebe ihren Arbeitskräftebedarf decken können. Die Autoren untersuchen auf Basis der IAB-Stellenerhebung 2016 Erfolge und Schwierigkeiten kleiner und mittlerer Betriebe bei der Stellenbesetzung im Vergleich zu Großbetrieben, legen den Schwerpunkt auf die Ursachen von Rekrutierungsschwierigkeiten und leiten daraus mögliche Lösungsansätze ab." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Neueinstellungen nach formalen Qualifikationsanforderungen und nach Betriebsgröße
- Geeignete und ungeeignete Bewerber nach Betriebsgröße
- Neueinstellungen nach Betriebsgröße
- Befristungsquote bei den Neueinstellungen nach Betriebsgröße
- Dauer des Stellenbesetzungsprozesses nach Betriebsgröße
- Bruttostundenlohn bei Neueinstellungen nach Betriebsgröße
- Abbrüche der Personalsuche nach Betriebsgröße
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Literaturhinweis
The effects of productivity and benefits on unemployment: Breaking the Link (2017)
Zitatform
Brown, Alessio J. G., Britta Kohlbrecher, Christian Merkl & Dennis J. Snower (2017): The effects of productivity and benefits on unemployment. Breaking the Link. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 51), Maastricht, 38 S.
Abstract
"In the standard macroeconomic search and matching model of the labor market, there is a tight link between the quantitative effects of (i) aggregate productivity shocks on unemployment and (ii) unemployment benefits on unemployment. This tight link is at odds with the empirical literature. We show that a two-sided model of labor market search where the household and firm decisions are decomposed into job offers, job acceptances, firing, and quits can break this link. In such a model, unemployment benefits affect households' behavior directly, without having to run via the bargained wage. A calibration of the model based on U.S. JOLTS data generates both a solid amplification of productivity shocks and a moderate effect of benefits on unemployment. Our analysis shows the importance of investigating the effects of policies on the households' work incentives and the firms' employment incentives within the search process." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Landing a job, sinking a career?: The trade-off between occupational downgrading and quick reemployment according to unemployed jobseekers' career stage and job prospects (2017)
Buchs, Helen; Buchmann, Marlis; Murphy, Emily;Zitatform
Buchs, Helen, Emily Murphy & Marlis Buchmann (2017): Landing a job, sinking a career? The trade-off between occupational downgrading and quick reemployment according to unemployed jobseekers' career stage and job prospects. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 52, H. December, S. 26-35. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2017.10.001
Abstract
"A critical aspect of individual careers is the quality of jobs the unemployed match to at reemployment. The present study examines a trade-off the unemployed face in occupationally segmented labor markets: quickly exiting unemployment via downgraded reemployment or holding out for a skill adequate job while remaining unemployed. We analyze how the likelihood of involuntary status downgrading relates to the relative availability of 'best fit' vacancies at particular stages of a career. This study thus contributes to the broader literature on scar effects incurred from the experience of unemployment. Another contribution is the construction of refined measures of accessible vacancies at the micro level. Proportional hazard rate models are estimated using an inflow sample (2006 - 2014) of unemployed men with vocational education in Switzerland. Our results show that a higher relative availability of 'best fit' vacancies lowers jobseekers' risk of taking up a lower prestige job than the one sought. Career stage also matters for the trade-off between the quality and speed of reemployment, with trial stage unemployed being most responsive to job prospects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fachkräfteengpässe in Unternehmen: Rezepte gegen den Fachkräftemangel: Internationale Fachkräfte, ältere Beschäftigte und Frauen finden und binden (2017)
Zitatform
Burstedde, Alexander, Lydia Malin & Paula Risius (2017): Fachkräfteengpässe in Unternehmen. Rezepte gegen den Fachkräftemangel: Internationale Fachkräfte, ältere Beschäftigte und Frauen finden und binden. (Fachkräfteengpässe in Unternehmen. Studie 2017,04), Berlin, 31 S.
Abstract
"Die zunehmenden Fachkräfteengpässe stellen die Unternehmen in Deutschland im Hinblick auf Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und Innovationskraft vor immer größere Herausforderungen. So hat die jüngste Konjunkturumfrage des Instituts der deutschen Wirtschaft gezeigt, dass inzwischen knapp die Hälfte der Unternehmen angibt, dass fehlende Fachkräfte die Produktionsmöglichkeiten hemmen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Regional mobility of unemployed workers: Experimental evidence on decision-making and behaviour in flexible labour markets (2017)
Zitatform
Bähr, Sebastian (2017): Regional mobility of unemployed workers. Experimental evidence on decision-making and behaviour in flexible labour markets. (IAB-Bibliothek 365), Bielefeld: Bertelsmann, 172 S. DOI:10.3278/300943w
Abstract
"Moderne Arbeitsmärkte erfordern ein hohes Maß an Flexibilität von Arbeitskräften und insbesondere von Arbeitslosen. Dabei kommt der Bereitschaft zur regionalen Mobilität im Zuge der tiefgreifenden Hartz-Reformen des deutschen Arbeitsmarktes eine zentrale Rolle zu. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht diese Forschungsarbeit die Bedeutung überregionaler Mobilität im Stellensuchprozess von Arbeitslosen. Basierend auf innovativen experimentellen Forschungsdesigns, reichhaltigen administrativen und Befragungsdaten und unter Verwendung aktueller ökonometrischer Analysen leistet Sebastian Bähr einen wichtigen Beitrag zur aktuellen Debatte über die Wirkung von Flexibilisierung auf soziale Ungleichheit am Arbeitsmarkt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
E-Book Open Access -
Literaturhinweis
Mobility assistance programmes for unemployed workers, job search behaviour and labour market outcomes (2017)
Zitatform
Caliendo, Marco, Steffen Künn & Robert Mahlstedt (2017): Mobility assistance programmes for unemployed workers, job search behaviour and labour market outcomes. (IZA discussion paper 11169), Bonn, 38, 9 S.
Abstract
"The appealing idea of geographically relocating unemployed job seekers from depressed to prosperous regions and hence reducing unemployment leads to industrialised countries offering financial support to unemployed job seekers when searching for and/or accepting jobs in distant regions. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the existence of these mobility assistance programmes (MAPs) on the job search behaviour of unemployed workers and how this affects their labour market outcomes. While job search theory predicts a shift in individuals' search effort from local to distant labour markets, consequences for other dimensions of the search behaviour, e.g. reservation wages or the overall search effort, and job-finding probabilities remain theoretically ambiguous. We use survey data on German unemployed job seekers and apply an instrumental variable approach to empirically identify the causal impact of an increased search radius, due to the availability of MAPs, on job search strategies and subsequent labour market outcomes. The results show that the existence of MAPs shifts individuals' search effort from local to distant regions without affecting the total number of job applications. The increase in search radius causes a higher geographical mobility and hence higher employment probabilities and wages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Inspecting the relation of search cost and search duration for new hires (2017)
Zitatform
Carbonero, Francesco & Hermann Gartner (2017): Inspecting the relation of search cost and search duration for new hires. (FAU Discussion papers in economics 21/2017), Nürnberg, 13 S.
Abstract
"Fixed search costs, i.e. costs that don't vary with search duration, can amplify the cyclical volatility of the labor market. To assess the size of fixed costs, we analyse the relation of search costs and search duration with data from Germany. Using an OLS regression we find that fixed search costs are nearly half of total search costs. If we use an instrumental variable estimation, it turns out that search costs are mainly fixed costs. Furthermore, we show that a search and matching model calibrated for Germany with fixed costs close to 100 percent can generate a labor market volatility that is consistent with the data." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Neueinstellung Älterer: Betriebe machen meist gute Erfahrungen (2017)
Czepek, Judith; Moczall, Andreas;Zitatform
Czepek, Judith & Andreas Moczall (2017): Neueinstellung Älterer: Betriebe machen meist gute Erfahrungen. (IAB-Kurzbericht 08/2017), Nürnberg, 8 S.
Abstract
"Die Beschäftigungschancen Älterer gewinnen vor dem Hintergrund des demografischen Wandels und der steigenden Erwerbsbeteiligung von Personen ab 50 Jahren zunehmend an Bedeutung. Allerdings ist bislang weniger darüber bekannt, wann und zu welchen Konditionen Betriebe Ältere einstellen. Der Kurzbericht beleuchtet die Neueinstellungschancen der Älteren aus betrieblicher Perspektive und verdeutlicht, in welchen Fällen Stellen besonders häufig durch ältere Personen besetzt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Moczall, Andreas;Weiterführende Informationen
- Sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigte und Beschäftigungsquote der 50- bis 64-Jährigen
- Besondere Bedingungen für die Einstellung von Personen ab 50 Jahren
- Bewerbungen und Einstellungen von Älteren ab 50 Jahren
- Sinnvolle Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Beschäftigungschancen von ab 50-Jährigen aus Sicht der Betriebe
- Abweichungen von den Wunschvorstellungen des Arbeitgebers nach Alter des Neueingestellten
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Literaturhinweis
Reference-dependent job search: evidence from Hungary (2017)
Zitatform
DellaVigna, Stefano, Attila Lindner, Balázs Reizer & Johannes F. Schmieder (2017): Reference-dependent job search: evidence from Hungary. In: The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Jg. 132, H. 4, S. 1969-2018. DOI:10.1093/qje/qjx015
Abstract
"We propose a model of job search with reference-dependent preferences, with loss aversion relative to recent income (the reference point). In this model, newly unemployed individuals search hard since consumption is below their reference point. Over time, though, they get used to lower income and thus reduce their search effort. In anticipation of a benefit cut, their search effort rises again, then declines once they get accustomed to the lower postcut benefit level. The model fits the typical pattern of exit from unemployment, even with no unobserved heterogeneity. To distinguish between this and other models, we use a unique reform in the unemployment insurance (UI) benefit path. In 2005, Hungary switched from a single-step UI system to a two-step system, with overall generosity unchanged. The system generated increased hazard rates in anticipation of, and especially following, benefit cuts in ways the standard model has a hard time explaining. We estimate a model with optimal consumption, endogenous search effort, and unobserved heterogeneity. The reference-dependent model fits the hazard rates substantially better than plausible versions of the standard model, including habit formation. Our estimates indicate a slow-adjusting reference point and substantial impatience, likely reflecting present-bias." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))