matching – Suchprozesse am Arbeitsmarkt
Offene Stellen bei gleichzeitiger Arbeitslosigkeit - was Arbeitsmarkttheorien u. a. mit "unvollkommener Information" begründen, ist für Unternehmen und Arbeitsuchende oft nur schwer nachzuvollziehen: Unternehmen können freie Stellen nicht besetzen, trotzdem finden Arbeitsuchende nur schwer den passenden Job. Wie gestalten sich die Suchprozesse bei Unternehmen und Arbeitsuchenden, welche Konzessionen sind beide Seiten bereit einzugehen, wie lässt sich das "matching" verbessern?
Diese Infoplattform bietet wissenschaftliche Literatur zur theoretischen und empirischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema.
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Literaturhinweis
Asymmetric market power and wage suppression (2024)
Zitatform
Blumkin, Tomer & David Lagziel (2024): Asymmetric market power and wage suppression. In: The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Jg. 126, H. 1, S. 38-59. DOI:10.1111/sjoe.12545
Abstract
"We study a labor market in which two identical firms compete over a pool of homogenous workers. Firms pre-commit to their outreach to potential employees, either through their informative advertising choices, or through their screening processes, before engaging in a wage competition ('a la Bertrand). Although firms are homogeneous, the unique pure-strategy equilibrium is asymmetric: one firm maximizes its outreach whereas the other compromises on a significantly smaller market share. The features of the asymmetric equilibrium extend to a general oligopsony with any finite number of firms. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Re-assessing the Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis (2024)
Zitatform
Card, David, Jesse Rothstein & Moises Yi (2024): Re-assessing the Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 32252), Cambridge, Mass, 25 S.
Abstract
"We use detailed location information from the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) database to develop new evidence on the effects of spatial mismatch on the relative earnings of Black workers in large US cities. We classify workplaces by the size of the pay premiums they offer in a two-way fixed effects model, providing a simple metric for defining “good” jobs. We show that: (a) Black workers earn nearly the same average wage premiums as whites; (b) in most cities Black workers live closer to jobs, and closer to good jobs, than do whites; (c) Black workers typically commute shorter distances than whites; and (d) people who commute further earn higher average pay premiums, but the elasticity with respect to distance traveled is slightly lower for Black workers. We conclude that geographic proximity to good jobs is unlikely to be a major source of the racial earnings gaps in major U.S. cities today." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Application Flows (2024)
Davis, Steven J.; Samaniego de la Parra, Brenda;Zitatform
Davis, Steven J. & Brenda Samaniego de la Parra (2024): Application Flows. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16903), Bonn, 61 S.
Abstract
"We build and analyze a new U.S. database that links 125 million applications to job vacancies and employer-side clients on Dice.com, an online platform for jobs and workers in software design, computer systems, engineering, financial analysis, management consulting, and other occupations that require technical skills. We find, first, that posting durations are quite short, often only two or three days, with a median of seven days. Second, labor market tightness has tiny effects on posting durations. Third, job seekers display a striking propensity to target new postings, with almost half of applications flowing to openings posted in the past 48 hours. Fourth, applications per posting are much too uneven to reflect random search, even within narrow market segments and job categories. Moreover, posted offer wages play no role in explaining the deviations from a random-search benchmark. Fifth, intermediaries play a huge role on both sides of the platform: Recruitment and staffing firms account for two-thirds of all postings and attract most of the applications. We relate these and other findings to theories of labor market search." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
In search of a job—But which one? How unemployed people revise their occupational expectations (2024)
Zitatform
Demazière, Didier (2024): In search of a job—But which one? How unemployed people revise their occupational expectations. In: Social Policy and Administration online erschienen am 06.02.2024. DOI:10.1111/spol.13011
Abstract
"Conducting a job search implies the identification of a target—an intended job. However, this assumption has been little studied, and just two main conclusions have been drawn, namely: jobseekers have an incentive to adjust their targets to the jobs available, and returning to work tends to lead to occupational downgrading. This article explores how job search experiences shape and alter targets. Biographical interviews were conducted with 57 unemployed people registered with the French public employment service. Ultimately, all of them revise their occupational expectations as, faced with the uncertainties inherent to the job search and experiencing difficulties in reaching their priority targets, they try to adapt and define more realistic goals. Four contrasting processes of expectation revision are used to track these tensions between desirability and realism. In conclusion, we stress the following facts: that unemployed people are flexible and develop rationales in order to adapt to the labour market; that their experience of failure, alongside advice and beliefs arising in the course of the job search feed directly into these revisions, and that these revisions both vary in magnitude and reflect inequalities in the defining process of target jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
"New Plan", berufliche Weiterentwicklung und die Rolle von Informationen (2024)
Zitatform
Dohmen, Thomas, Eva Kleifgen, Steffen Künn & Gesine Stephan (2024): "New Plan", berufliche Weiterentwicklung und die Rolle von Informationen. (IAB-Forschungsbericht 01/2024), Nürnberg, 33 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FB.2401
Abstract
"In der sich wandelnden Arbeitswelt reicht es in der Regel nicht mehr aus, einmal im Leben einen Beruf zu erlernen. Oft ist im bisherigen Beruf eine Weiterentwicklung sinnvoll oder sogar erforderlich; eventuelle Berufswechsel erfordern dann häufig den Erwerb neuer Kenntnisse und Fähigkeiten. Um die Chancen und Herausforderungen einschätzen zu können, ist eine gute Informationsbasis erforderlich. Die Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) hat im Rahmen ihrer Berufsberatung im Erwerbsleben (BBiE) das Online-Tool New Plan entwickelt. Dieses soll Menschen dabei helfen im Beruf voranzukommen, die eigenen Stärken zu erkennen und neue Perspektiven zu finden. Das Tool besteht aus drei Bereichen: „Möglichkeiten testen“, „Inspirieren lassen“, „Weiterbildung suchen“. Der Bereich „Inspirieren“ stellt dabei auf Berufsebene umfassende Informationen für eine mögliche berufliche Umorientierung zur Verfügung. Dieser Forschungsbericht stellt Ergebnisse aus einer Online-Befragung von Beschäftigten und Personen, die Arbeitslosengeld bezogen, vor. Die Befragung hat unter anderem erhoben, ob Personen New Plan kannten und nutzten, an beruflicher Weiterentwicklung interessiert waren und sich gut über ihre Verdienst- und Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten informiert fühlten. Der Bericht geht zudem der Frage nach, ob Personen diese Fragen anders beantworteten, wenn sie zuvor ein Informationsschreiben zu New Plan erhalten hatten. Zu der Befragung wurden im Juni 2022 Personen eingeladen, die im Januar 2022 zu einer der folgenden vier Gruppen gehörten: sozialversicherungspflichtig Vollzeitbeschäftigte (einschließlich Personen in Helfertätigkeiten), sozialversicherungspflichtig Vollzeitbeschäftigte in Helfertätigkeiten, Arbeitslosengeldempfänger*innen (einschließlich Personen ohne Berufsabschluss), Arbeitslosengeldempfänger*innen ohne Berufsabschluss. Insgesamt umfasst das hier ausgewertete Analysesample gut 4.400 Personen. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass New Plan den Vollzeitbeschäftigten im Schnitt deutlich seltener bekannt war als den Personen, die zum damaligen Zeitpunkt bzw. davor Arbeitslosengeld bezogen hatten – ohne vorheriges Informationsschreiben betrugen die Anteile rund 2 bzw. 11 Prozent. Der Bekanntheitsgrad von New Plan stieg deutlich, wenn Personen zuvor ein Informationsschreiben erhalten hatten – bei den Vollzeitbeschäftigten und Arbeitslosengeldempfänger*innen nahm der Bekanntheitsgrad jeweils um 14 Prozentpunkte zu. Vollzeitbeschäftigte hatten New Plan ohne vorheriges Informationsschreiben mit 0,3 Prozent anteilig deutlich seltener angeschaut als Arbeitslosengeldempfänger*innen mit 8 Prozent. Hochgerechnet auf die aktuellen Grundgesamtheiten hätten demnach etwa 63.000 Vollzeitbeschäftigte und 61.000 Arbeitslosengeldempfänger*innen New Plan bereits einmal angeschaut. Auch hier zeigt sich, dass das vorher verschickte Informationsschreiben den Anteil der Befragten, der das Tool bereits angeschaut hatte, um etwa 10 Prozentpunkte erhöhen konnte. Die Befragung zeigt auch: Vollzeitbeschäftigte waren – mit knapp zwei Drittel – in etwas geringerem Ausmaß an beruflicher Weiterentwicklung interessiert als Arbeitslosengeldempfänger*innen. Deren Anteil lag hier bei knapp drei Vierteln – relativ unabhängig davon, ob die Befragten vorher ein Informationsschreiben erhalten hatten oder nicht. Die befragten Vollzeitbeschäftigten fühlten sich schließlich zu deutlich mehr als 50 Prozent (eher) gut über ihre Verdienst- und – in etwas höherem Umfang – über ihre Beschäftigungschancen informiert. Auch bei den Arbeitslosengeldempfänger*innen fühlten sich mehr als 50 Prozent (eher) gut informiert, bei wiederum nur geringen Unterschieden zwischen Personen mit oder ohne vorherigem Informationsschreiben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Search, unemployment, and the Beveridge curve: Experimental evidence (2024)
Zitatform
Duffy, John & Brian C. Jenkins (2024): Search, unemployment, and the Beveridge curve: Experimental evidence. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 87. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102518
Abstract
"We report on a laboratory experiment testing the predictions of the Diamond–Mortensen–Pissarides (DMP) search-and-matching model, which is a workhorse, decentralized model of unemployment and the labor market. We focus on the job vacancy posting problem that firms face in the DMP model. We explore the model’s comparative statics predictions concerning variations in the separation rate, the vacancy posting cost, and the firm’s surplus earned per employee. Across all treatments, we find strong evidence for an inverse relationship between vacancies and unemployment, consistent with the Beveridge curve. We also find that the results of our various comparative statics exercises are in-line with the predictions of the theory." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social media and hiring: a survey experiment on discrimination based on online social class cues (2024)
Zitatform
Galos, Diana Roxana (2024): Social media and hiring: a survey experiment on discrimination based on online social class cues. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 40, H. 1, S. 116-128. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcad012
Abstract
"Discrimination based on social class is challenging to study, and therefore likely to be underappreciated due to its subtle nature. Social class is often difficult to gauge from traditional resumes, yet, the expansion of social networking platforms provides employers with an additional source of information. Given that many individuals have a social media presence today, employers can increasingly rely on additional information gleaned from such online platforms (e.g., Twitter, Instagram), which may alter hiring decisions. To study the role of social networking platforms vis-à-vis potential discrimination based on social class cues, I leverage an original online survey experiment in the United States. The aim of the investigation is (i) to measure the effect of cultural markers of social class expressed on social media profiles in a hypothetical hiring situation and (ii) to analyse potential channels that might explain class-based discrimination. I show that subjects favour the upper-class-signalling candidate over the lower-class-signalling candidate and that perceived competence and perceived warmth are two channels through which class-based discrimination may occur. The individual’s online presence might not be part of the formal application process, yet it seems to shape inferences about individuals’ employability, competence, and warmth." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
New Empirical Findings about the Interaction between Public Employment Agency and Private Search Effort (2024)
Holzner, Christian; Watanabe, Makoto;Zitatform
Holzner, Christian & Makoto Watanabe (2024): New Empirical Findings about the Interaction between Public Employment Agency and Private Search Effort. (CESifo working paper), München, 46 S.
Abstract
"The Public Employment Agency (PEA) helps unemployed to find work and mediates PEAregistered job vacancies to job seekers via vacancy referrals. Using the spatial and temporal variation resulting from the regional roll-out of the Hartz 3 reform we are able to show that Hartz 3, which changed the counseling process of unemployed, decreased the fraction of unemployed that received vacancy referrals, increased the job-finding probability of unemployed without vacancy referrals, left the job-finding probability of unemployed with vacancy referrals unaffected, and increased average wages of newly hired, previously unemployed. Since the existing literature is not able to explain this set of findings, we develop a simple theoretical directed search model, which does. It does so by considering the interaction between the private market and the intermediation provided by the PEA." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeits- und Fachkräftemangel trotz Arbeitslosigkeit (2024)
Klaus, Anton; Beckmann, Ralf;Zitatform
Klaus, Anton & Ralf Beckmann (2024): Arbeits- und Fachkräftemangel trotz Arbeitslosigkeit. (Berichte: Arbeitsmarkt kompakt / Bundesagentur für Arbeit 2024,03), Nürnberg, 19 S.
Abstract
"• Trotz konjunktureller Schwäche klagen viele Unternehmen über Fachkräftemangel. Die letzte Fachkräfteengpassanalyse der Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit weist für das Jahr 2022 200 Engpassberufe aus. Da stellt sich die Frage: Wie ist das mit einer Zahl von 2,6 Millionen Arbeitslosen im Jahresdurchschnitt 2023 zu vereinbaren?
ÐA• Arbeitslosigkeit ist kein statischer Block. Am Arbeitsmarkt gibt es viel Bewegung. Von Januar bis Dezember 2023 haben sich in Deutschland mehr als 2,2 Millionen Menschen im Anschluss an eine Erwerbstätigkeit arbeitslos gemeldet. Im selben Zeitraum haben 1,7 Millionen Arbeitslose eine Beschäftigung aufgenommen.
ÐA• In der Arbeitslosenversicherung sind die Wechsel zwischen Beschäftigung und Arbeitslosigkeit deutlich dynamischer als in der Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende.
ÐA• In der Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende, in der zwei Drittel der Arbeitslosen betreut werden, ist deshalb die durchschnittliche Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit länger und der Anteil an Langzeit-arbeitslosen mit 47 Prozent sehr viel höher.
ÐA• Dies lässt sich unter anderem auf häufig auftretende multiple Vermittlungshemmnisse zurückführen. Knapp die Hälfte der Arbeitslosen im SGB II hat mindestens zwei vermittlungs-hemmende Merkmale wie zum Beispiel keine formale Berufsausbildung und langzeitarbeitslos.
ÐA• Der Arbeitsmarktausgleich wird darüber hinaus durch einen erheblichen Mismatch erschwert. Dieser lässt sich statistisch vor allem aus qualifikatorischer, beruflicher oder auch regionaler Sicht beschreiben.
ÐA• Über die Hälfte der Arbeitslosen sucht eine Beschäftigung auf Helferniveau. Jedoch richten sich fast 80 Prozent der gemeldeten Stellen an Fachleute.
ÐA• Während auf Ebene der Helfer rein rechnerisch rund 9 Arbeitslose auf eine Stelle kommen, liegt die Relation bei qualifiziertem Fachpersonal bei knapp 2:1.
ÐA• Engpässe sind vor allemin Pflege-, Gesundheits- und Sozialberufen, in Bau- und Handwerks-berufen oder auch in IT-Berufen auszumachen. Dagegen gibt es zum Beispiel in Büroberufen, in der Lagerlogistik oder auch in künstlerisch-kreativen Berufen vergleichsweise viele Arbeitslose auf wenige gemeldete Stellen.
ÐA• Regional fallen vor allem Unterschiede zwischen den Flächenländern und den Stadtstaaten auf. Während es in Bayern rechnerisch gesehen weniger arbeitslose Fachkräfte als gemeldete Stellen gibt, treffen in Hamburg oder Berlin im Schnitt gut 3 bis 5 arbeitslose Fachkräfte auf eine gemeldete Stelle.
ÐA• Als Potenzial für die Besetzung offener Stellen kommen nicht nur Arbeitslose in Frage, sondern auch beispielsweise nichtarbeitslose Arbeitsuchende, (junge) Menschen, die in Kürze einen beruflichen Abschluss erwerben, Personen aus der Stillen Reserve oder auch zugewanderte Menschen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku) -
Literaturhinweis
Skill mismatch and the costs of job displacement (2024)
Zitatform
Neffke, Frank, Ljubica Nedelkoska & Simon Wiederhold (2024): Skill mismatch and the costs of job displacement. In: Research Policy, Jg. 53. DOI:10.1016/j.respol.2023.104933
Abstract
"Establishment closures have lasting negative consequences for the workers displaced from their jobs. We study how these consequences vary with the amount of skill mismatch that workers experience after job displacement. Developing new measures of occupational skill redundancy and skill shortage, we analyze the work histories of individuals in Germany between 1975 and 2010. We estimate difference-in-differences models, using a sample of displaced workers who are matched to statistically similar non-displaced workers. We find that displacements increase the probability of occupation change eleven-fold. Moreover, the magnitude of post-displacement earnings losses strongly depends on the type of skill mismatch that workers experience in such job switches. Whereas skill shortages are associated with relatively quick returns to the earnings trajectories that displaced workers would have experienced absent displacement, skill redundancy sets displaced workers on paths with permanently lower earnings. We show that these differences can be attributed to differences in mismatch after displacement, and not to intrinsic differences between workers making different post-displacement career choices." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Matching Candidates to Culture: How Assessments of Organisational Fit Shape the Hiring Process (2024)
Zitatform
Tholen, Gerbrand (2024): Matching Candidates to Culture: How Assessments of Organisational Fit Shape the Hiring Process. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 38, H. 3, S. 705-722. DOI:10.1177/09500170231155294
Abstract
"Organisational fit represents a crucial criterion in the hiring process. This article aims to understand how employers and external recruitment consultants define and apply organisational fit in professional labour markets, such as engineering, marketing and finance. It also investigates how the use of organisational fit in hiring can lead to social bias within these labour markets. It relies on semi-structured interviews with 47 external recruitment consultants who assist employers in these sectors. The article draws on Relational Inequality Theory to demonstrate how hiring managers and consultants use organisational fit to create and justify boundaries between acceptable and unacceptable candidates. Claim-making supports the rationalisation and legitimisation in the exclusion of groups of candidates. The article critically informs human resource management, business and psychology literature that perceive organisational fit as a largely benign criterion for recruitment. It also extends sociological and critical management literature by delineating three main exclusionary mechanisms in matching candidates for organisational fit." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitslose im Fokus: Wege zur Fachkräftesicherung (2024)
Tiedemann, Jurek; Werner, Dirk;Zitatform
Tiedemann, Jurek & Dirk Werner (2024): Arbeitslose im Fokus: Wege zur Fachkräftesicherung. (KOFA kompakt / Kompetenzzentrum Fachkräftesicherung 2024,01), Köln, 5 S.
Abstract
"Nicht für alle Arbeitslosen gibt es zum Zeitpunkt ihrer Arbeitssuche eine offene Stelle in ihrem angestrebten oder erlernten Beruf. Der vorliegende KOFA Kompakt beleuchtet die Entwicklung dieses Arbeitslosenüberhangs." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Minimum Wage and Skills - Evidence from Job Vacancy Data (2023)
Andrieu, Elodie; Kuczera, Malgorzata;Zitatform
Andrieu, Elodie & Malgorzata Kuczera (2023): Minimum Wage and Skills - Evidence from Job Vacancy Data. (TPI working papers / The Productivity Institute 034), Manchester, 62 S.
Abstract
"Low-wage occupations tend to be populated by workers with low levels of education. An increase in the minimum wage, while designed to protect workers in the lower part of the wage distribution, might result in unintended consequences for those same workers. In this paper, we study firms’ reaction to higher minimum wages, exploiting a change to the minimum-wage policy in the UK in 2016. We document how an increase in the minimum wage affects the labour hiring for different education and technical skill levels of workers. The results show that an increase in the minimum wage compressed both the demand for low educated workers and the demand for workers with low levels of technical skills (tech workers) for graduates in low and middle skilled occupations. Using a difference-in-differences framework, we find that a large and unexpected change to the minimum wage led to a 11 percentage point decrease in the proportion of non-graduate vacancies and a 15 percentage point decline in the share of low-tech ads. There is evidence for labour-labour substitution at the low-end of the skill distribution and labour-technology substitution for more educated workers as a way to compensate for labour costs increases." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
But which skills? Natural Language Processing tools and the identification of high-demand skills in online Job advertisements (2023)
Anelli, Gianni;Zitatform
Anelli, Gianni (2023): But which skills? Natural Language Processing tools and the identification of high-demand skills in online Job advertisements. In: Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation, Jg. 17, H. 2, S. 91-104.
Abstract
"Skills assessment is essential for today’s labor market.There are many factors hat change the requirements for the workplace. More than ever, it is important to monitor which skills are in high demand so that workers stay employed and ompanies do not lose productivity. This research discusses the relevance of data from online job portals for this task. It then uses a skill extractor in online ob advertisements from Chile to identify and extract the skills employers place n their online job advertisements through skills dictionaries. The study shows modest results when using the European Skills, Competences and Occupations 28ESCO) dictionary but an enhanced and much-improved result when adding an inductively constructed dictionary of the national labor market. Using this method would allow a new input of information to be incorporated into labor arket information systems that would enable better decisions to be made by he various actors in the labor market." (Author's a bstract, IAB-Doku, © Pluto Journals Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Educational mismatches of newly hired workers: Short- and medium-term effects on wages (2023)
Araújo, Isabel; Carneiro, Anabela;Zitatform
Araújo, Isabel & Anabela Carneiro (2023): Educational mismatches of newly hired workers: Short- and medium-term effects on wages. In: International Labour Review, Jg. 162, H. 3, S. 355-383. DOI:10.1111/ilr.12374
Abstract
"This paper examines the short- and medium-term effects of over- and undereducation on individual wages using a matched employer?employee dataset from 1998 to 2012 and a novel measure of educational mismatch based on the flows of newly hired workers. The findings reveal that the wage differential between adequately matched and mismatched workers decreases substantially once the unobserved heterogeneity of the worker and the firm is considered. Workers' unobserved characteristics explain a large proportion of both the overeducated wage penalty and the undereducated wage premium. Additionally, variations in firms' pay policies contribute to the wage gap among mismatched workers. Finally, findings show that job mismatches have the greatest impact on early-career individuals' wages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender-age differences in hiring rates and prospective wages: Evidence from job referrals to unemployed workers (2023)
Zitatform
Bamieh, Omar & Lennart Ziegler (2023): Gender-age differences in hiring rates and prospective wages. Evidence from job referrals to unemployed workers. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 83. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102395
Abstract
"This paper uses matched worker-vacancy data to study gender differences in hiring outcomes of jobseekers in Austria. When registered at the public employment office, jobseekers are assigned caseworkers who refer them to suitable vacancies. Our findings show that female and male jobseekers are equally likely to get hired via such a referral, but it takes women longer to get a job offer. Most of the observed gender differences stem from younger jobseekers (below age 35) and are explained by rejections of employers. Young women are also less often hired for better-paying jobs. We argue that these differences are consistent with hiring discrimination against women in their fertile age. Our analysis shows that young female jobseekers are much more likely to go on parental leave in the future, while men almost never take extended parental leave. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that hiring differences are larger for jobs associated with higher replacement costs and smaller in tight labor markets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Shifting Reasons for Beveridge-Curve Shifts (2023)
Barlevy, Gadi; Şahin, Ayşegül; Faberman, Jason; Hobijn, Bart;Zitatform
Barlevy, Gadi, Bart Hobijn, Jason Faberman & Ayşegül Şahin (2023): The Shifting Reasons for Beveridge-Curve Shifts. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16517), Bonn, 29 S.
Abstract
"We discuss how the relative importance of factors that contribute to movements of the U.S. Beveridge curve has changed from 1960 to 2023. We review these factors in the context of a simple flow analogy used to capture the main insights of search and matching theories of the labor market. Changes in inflow rates, related to demographics, accounted for Beveridge curve shifts between 1960 and 2000. A reduction in matching efficiency, that depressed unemployment outflows, shifted the curve outwards in the wake of the Great Recession. In contrast, the most recent shifts in the Beveridge curve appear driven by changes in the eagerness of workers to switch jobs. We argue that, while the Beveridge curve is a useful tool for relating unemployment and vacancies to inflation, the link between these labor market indicators and inflation depends on whether and why the Beveridge curve shifted. Therefore, a careful examination of the factors underlying movements in the Beveridge curve is essential for drawing policy conclusions from the joint behavior of unemployment and job openings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Vacancy duration and wages (2023)
Zitatform
Bassier, Ihsaan, Alan Manning & Barbara Petrongolo (2023): Vacancy duration and wages. (CEP discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance 1943), London, 45 S.
Abstract
"We estimate the elasticity of vacancy duration with respect to posted wages, using data from the near-universe of online job adverts in the United Kingdom. Our research design identifies duration elasticities by leveraging firm-level wage policies that are plausibly exogenous to hiring difficulties on specific job vacancies, and control for job and market-level fixed-effects. Wage policies are defined based on external information on pay settlements, or on sharp, internally-defined, firm-level changes. In our preferred specifications, we estimate duration elasticities in the range −3 to −5, which are substantially larger than the few existing estimates." (Résumé d'auteur, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Competing for Jobs: How COVID-19 Changes Search Behavior in the Labor Market (2023)
Zitatform
Bauer, Anja, Kristin Keveloh, Mariano Mamertino & Enzo Weber (2023): Competing for Jobs: How COVID-19 Changes Search Behavior in the Labor Market. In: German Economic Review, Jg. 24, H. 4, S. 323-347., 2023-11-13. DOI:10.1515/ger-2021-0010
Abstract
"We provide insights on how job search changed in the Covid-19-crisis by analyzing data from the LinkedIn professional network for Germany. We find that competition among workers for jobs strongly increased – which is due to additional job seekers rather than higher search intensity. Furthermore, the LinkedIn data show that people from industries particularly affected by the crisis applied much more frequently and there had been a substantial shift in the target industries for applications. Finally, we find that at the onset of the Covid-19-crises applications were made significantly more often below and significantly less often above a person’s level of seniority." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
What Makes Hiring Difficult? Evidence from Linked Survey-Administrative Data (2023)
Bertheau, Antoine; Zhao, Zeyu; Larsen, Birthe;Zitatform
Bertheau, Antoine, Birthe Larsen & Zeyu Zhao (2023): What Makes Hiring Difficult? Evidence from Linked Survey-Administrative Data. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16268), Bonn, 56 S.
Abstract
"We design a survey that asks firms about the obstacles that discourage them from hiring despite having potential needs. Using Danish administrative data and subjective beliefs elicited from our survey, we show how hiring obstacles vary across firms. Over two-thirds of employers agree that skill shortages are a hiring obstacle. One-third of employers consider labor costs, the time to find candidates, and the time to train new recruits as hiring obstacles. High-wage firms are less discouraged by labor costs, while younger or smaller firms are more discouraged by search and training time. Around thirty percent of employers prefer to hire the already employed over the unemployed because they believe that unemployed workers have lower abilities due to negative selection or skill depreciation during unemployment. Firms with such preferences are more likely to report hiring obstacles." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))