matching – Suchprozesse am Arbeitsmarkt
Offene Stellen bei gleichzeitiger Arbeitslosigkeit - was Arbeitsmarkttheorien u. a. mit "unvollkommener Information" begründen, ist für Unternehmen und Arbeitsuchende oft nur schwer nachzuvollziehen: Unternehmen können freie Stellen nicht besetzen, trotzdem finden Arbeitsuchende nur schwer den passenden Job. Wie gestalten sich die Suchprozesse bei Unternehmen und Arbeitsuchenden, welche Konzessionen sind beide Seiten bereit einzugehen, wie lässt sich das "matching" verbessern?
Diese Infoplattform bietet wissenschaftliche Literatur zur theoretischen und empirischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema.
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Literaturhinweis
Search costs and efficiency: do unemployed workers search enough? (2016)
Gautier, Pieter; Wolthoff, Ronald; Moraga-Gonzalez, Jose L.;Zitatform
Gautier, Pieter, Jose L. Moraga-Gonzalez & Ronald Wolthoff (2016): Search costs and efficiency. Do unemployed workers search enough? In: European Economic Review, Jg. 84, H. May, S. 123-139. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2015.04.001
Abstract
"Many labor market policies affect the marginal benefits and costs of job search. The impact and desirability of such policies depend on the distribution of search costs. In this paper, we provide an equilibrium framework for identifying the distribution of search costs and we apply it to the Dutch labor market. In our model, the wage distribution, job search intensities, and firm entry are simultaneously determined in market equilibrium. Given the distribution of search intensities (which we directly observe), we calibrate the search cost distribution and the flow value of non-market time; these values are then used to derive the socially optimal firm entry rates and distribution of job search intensities. From a social point of view, some unemployed workers search too little due to a hold-up problem, while other unemployed workers search too much due to coordination frictions and rent-seeking behavior. Our results indicate that jointly increasing unemployment benefits and the sanctions for unemployed workers who do not search at all can be welfare-improving." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Aggregate recruiting intensity (2016)
Gavazza, Alessandro; Violante, Giovanni L.; Mongey, Simon;Zitatform
Gavazza, Alessandro, Simon Mongey & Giovanni L. Violante (2016): Aggregate recruiting intensity. (CEP discussion paper 1449), London, 59 S.
Abstract
"We develop a model of firm dynamics with random search in the labor market where hiring firms exert recruiting effort by spending resources to fill vacancies faster. Consistent with micro evidence, in the model fast-growing firms invest more in recruiting activities and achieve higher job-filling rates. In equilibrium, individual decisions of hiring firms aggregate into an index of economy-wide recruiting intensity. We use the model to study how aggregate shocks transmit to recruiting intensity, and whether this channel can account for the dynamics of aggregate matching efficiency around the Great Recession. Productivity and financial shocks lead to sizable pro-cyclical fluctuations in matching efficiency through recruiting effort. Quantitatively, the main mechanism is that firms attain their employment targets by adjusting their recruiting effort as labor market tightness varies. Shifts in sectoral composition can have a sizable impact on aggregate recruiting intensity. Fluctuations in new-firm entry, instead, have a negligible effect despite their contribution to aggregate job and vacancy creations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Formal education versus learning-by-doing: on the labor market efficiency of educational choices (2016)
Gavrela, Frédéric; Rebière, Thérèse; Lebona, Isabelle;Zitatform
Gavrela, Frédéric, Isabelle Lebona & Thérèse Rebière (2016): Formal education versus learning-by-doing. On the labor market efficiency of educational choices. In: Economic Modelling, Jg. 54, H. April, S. 545-562. DOI:10.1016/j.econmod.2016.01.006
Abstract
"Educational choices are studied in a two-sectors search-and-matching model where qualifications are required for access to good jobs. Qualifications can be acquired either before entering the labor market through formal education, or through learning-by-doing in a low-skill job. Spontaneously, the economy creates too many high-skill jobs and accordingly individuals devote too much effort to formal education. However, educational effort alone becomes insufficient when the rate of creation of these high-skill jobs is reduced to its optimal level. In conclusion, we show that an efficient policy would be to subsidize both education and low-skill firms whose workers quit when obtaining a job in the high-skill sector, both elements financed by a tax on high-skill firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Entrepreneurship Beveridge Curve (2016)
Zitatform
Gries, Thomas, Stefan Jungblut & Wim Naudé (2016): The Entrepreneurship Beveridge Curve. (IZA discussion paper 9744), Bonn, 17 S.
Abstract
"We propose that the rate of creation and failure of start-up firms can be modelled as a search and matching process, following labor market matching models. Setting out an endogenous growth model with entrepreneurship we derive a Entrepreneurship Beveridge Curve, through which we illustrate that entrepreneurial start-ups are the outcome of the efficiency with which entrepreneurial abilities are matched with business opportunities. The Entrepreneurship Beveridge Curve is a potentially useful analytical tool to add to the formalization of the economics of entrepreneurship, and we mention a number of extentions and applications." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Imperfections in the German labour market: Essays on educational mismatch and asymmetric information (2016)
Zitatform
Grunau, Philipp (2016): Imperfections in the German labour market. Essays on educational mismatch and asymmetric information. Nürnberg, 174 S.
Abstract
"This dissertation comprises five empirical papers contributing to scientific research in empirical labour economics. All these papers aim at filling research gaps covering topics important to various actors of the labour market. They rely on different micro data sources from Germany, apart from the data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) all of which are register and survey data provided by the Institute for Employment Research (IAB). The main focus is on the topic of educational mismatch, which four out of the five papers are devoted to, scrutinizing both its causes and its consequences for employers, employees, and labour market policy. By contrast, the last paper addresses asymmetric information in promotion decisions within and across establishments, hence covering another important aspect of imperfection in modern-day labour markets." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Contents:
1. Introduction
2. The impact of overeducated and undereducated workers on establishment-level productivity - First evidence for Germany
3. Literacy and numeracy abilities of overeducated and undereducated workers: Revisiting the allocation process in the labour market
4. Not just more jobs but also better ones? Retraining for the unemployed and the quality of the job-worker match
5. Educational mismatch and promotions to managerial positions: A test of the career mobility theory
6. Asymmetric information in internal versus external promotionsWeiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis bei der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek -
Literaturhinweis
Neueinstellungen auf Mindestlohnniveau: Anforderungen und Besetzungsschwierigkeiten gestiegen (2016)
Zitatform
Gürtzgen, Nicole, Alexander Kubis, Martina Rebien & Enzo Weber (2016): Neueinstellungen auf Mindestlohnniveau: Anforderungen und Besetzungsschwierigkeiten gestiegen. (IAB-Kurzbericht 12/2016), Nürnberg, 8 S.
Abstract
"Durch die Einführung des gesetzlichen Mindestlohns im Januar 2015 kam es zu einer deutlichen Lohnsteigerung am unteren Rand des Niedriglohnbereichs. Hierdurch könnte es auf der einen Seite größere Anreize für gering qualifizierte Bewerber geben, sich auf solche Stellen zu bewerben. Auf der anderen Seite könnten Betriebe bestrebt sein, die Lohnsteigerung durch eine höhere Produktivität des Bewerbers zu kompensieren. Die Autoren untersuchen, ob die betrieblichen Ansprüche gegenüber den Bewerbern nach der Mindestlohneinführung gestiegen sind und wie sich die Personalsuche dadurch verändert hat." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Neueinstellungen, bei denen spezielle Kenntnisse und Fertigkeiten erforderlich sind, nach Lohngruppen
- Zusätzliche Kenntnisse und Fertigkeiten, die bei Neueinstellungen nachgefragt werden, nach zwei Lohngruppen
- Dauer der Personalsuche bei Neueinstellungen nach Lohngruppen
- Auftreten spezifischer Arbeitsbedingungen nach Lohngruppen
- Lohnverteilung bei Neueinstellungen
- Kompromissbereitschaft der Betriebe bei Neueinstellungen nach zwei Lohngruppen
- Hindernisse bei Neueinstellungen nach Lohngruppen
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Literaturhinweis
Job search and hiring in local labor markets: spillovers in regional matching functions (2016)
Haller, Peter; Heuermann, Daniel F.;Zitatform
Haller, Peter & Daniel F. Heuermann (2016): Job search and hiring in local labor markets. Spillovers in regional matching functions. In: Regional science and urban economics, Jg. 60, H. September, S. 125-138., 2016-06-22. DOI:10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2016.06.007
Abstract
"In this paper we take a fresh look at the job matching process within local labor markets in Germany. Drawing on smaller geographic units than the previous literature, we estimate regional matching functions on NUTS 3 level for the years 2000 to 2010. The elasticity between matches and unemployment ranges between 0.4 and 0.5 with 75% of this effect being driven by the impact that unemployment has on matches in neighboring regions. The effect of vacancies on matches is substantially smaller but also robustly positive. Bayesian model comparison tests suggest that spillovers from unemployment and vacancies are confined to local labor markets, which are best approximated by geographical distance rather than by present or past infrastructure or commuter numbers. Spillovers from unemployment arise exclusively after a series of major labor market reforms ('Hartz Reforms') have been implemented between 2003 and 2005, indicating that the reforms have contributed to an increased spatial mobility of the unemployed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Benefits of dense labour markets: evidence from transitions to employment in Germany (2016)
Zitatform
Hamann, Silke, Annekatrin Niebuhr & Cornelius Peters (2016): Benefits of dense labour markets. Evidence from transitions to employment in Germany. (IAB-Discussion Paper 13/2016), Nürnberg, 38 S.
Abstract
"Wir untersuchen, ob die Größe des lokalen Arbeitsmarktes die Qualität von Matches zwischen Arbeitsuchenden und offenen Stellen verbessert, welches sich in einer höheren Produktivität widerspiegeln sollte. Die Analyse basiert auf einem umfangreichen Individualdatensatz mit detaillierten Informationen zu einzelnen Beschäftigungsaufnahmen in Deutschland. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten auf eher geringe Matchingvorteile hin. Eine Verdoppelung der Beschäftigungsdichte erhöht die Produktivität neuer Beschäftigungsverhältnisse um 1,1% bis 1,2%. Allerdings profitieren den Resultaten zufolge ausschließlich Personen mit einem Job-to-Job Wechsel oder einer Beschäftigungsaufnahme nach einer kurzen Beschäftigungsunterbrechung. Die Produktivität nach einer langen Beschäftigungsunterbrechung wird nicht von der Dichte des lokalen Arbeitsmarktes beeinflusst." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Labor selection over the business cycle: an empirical assessment (2016)
Zitatform
Hochmuth, Brigitte, Hermann Gartner, Britta Kohlbrecher & Christian Merkl (2016): Labor selection over the business cycle: an empirical assessment. (FAU Discussion papers in economics 02/2016), Nürnberg, 13 S.
Abstract
"This paper is the first to analyze how much the probability selecting a worker from a pool of applicants fluctuates over the business cycle. We use the German Job Vacancy Survey to construct the selection rate on the regional, industry, and national level and show that it is negatively correlated with unemployment. In addition, panel estimations reveal a positive comovement between the selection rate and market tightness, which is in line with the theoretical prediction from labor selection models." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job search behavior of older workers and labor market outcomes (2016)
Zitatform
Homrighausen, Pia & Gerhard Krug (2016): Job search behavior of older workers and labor market outcomes. (LASER discussion papers 95), Erlangen, 33 S.
Abstract
"Using unique survey and register data with detailed information on the channel-specific search intensities of older workers in Germany, we investigate the relationship between job search behavior and job search success focusing on older workers. We find that intensive job search via the public employment service is not linked to an older worker's job search success, but results in a greater wage loss and lower job satisfaction. By contrast, increasing job search by a private provider is positively linked with the probability of finding a new job and results in a lesser wage loss." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Logged labour: a new paradigm of work organisation? (2016)
Zitatform
Huws, Ursula (2016): Logged labour. A new paradigm of work organisation? In: Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation, Jg. 10, H. 1, S. 7-26. DOI:10.13169/workorgalaboglob.10.1.0007
Abstract
"This essay argues that, during the period following the financial crisis of 2007 - 8, several different trends, already visible in earlier periods, have converged to create a new pattern of work organisation, a pattern which is now approaching critical mass. Across all sectors of the economy, primary, secondary or tertiary, whether previously classified as public or private, formal or informal, manual or white-collar, high-skilled or low-skilled, this emerging model of work introduces a range of common features whose combined impact is large enough to justify the proposition that a new paradigm of work is in creation, perhaps representing the final dissolution of the normative model that emerged in developed economies in the third quarter of the twentieth century. In this new model, workers are increasingly managed via online platforms, monitored indirectly and expected to produce measurable outcomes. Their work is 'logged' in three distinct senses: it is cut up into standard, quantifiable components; it is subjected to continuous surveillance and monitoring; and it requires the worker to be connected to an online platform in order to obtain work. In a curious paradox, work is increasingly formalised even while it becomes less predictable and more precarious, with workers having to resubmit themselves repeatedly for employment, funding, promotion or inclusion in a particular team, and required to respond at short notice to unpredictable demands for work. The ramifications of this development are huge, since it creates major mismatches between the realities of the labour market and other aspects of social and economic life, including welfare systems, labour and consumer regulation and time regimes. The article draws on a large body of past work by the author on work organisation restructuring as well as current research on online labour platforms." (Author's abstract, © Pluto Journals Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Who is your perfect match?: Educational norms, educational mismatch and firm profitability (2016)
Zitatform
Kampelmann, Stephan, Benoît Mahy, François Rycx & Guillaume Vermeylen (2016): Who is your perfect match? Educational norms, educational mismatch and firm profitability. (IZA discussion paper 10399), Bonn, 35 S.
Abstract
"We provide first evidence regarding the direct effect of educational norms and educational mismatch on the bottom line of firms across work environments. To do so, we use rich Belgian linked employer-employee panel data, rely on the methodological approach pioneered by Hellerstein et al. (1999), and estimate dynamic panel data models at the firm level. Our findings show an 'inverted L' profitability profile: undereducation is associated with lower profits, whereas higher levels of normal and overeducation are correlated with positive economic rents of roughly the same magnitude. The size of these effects is amplified in firms experiencing economic uncertainty or operating in high-tech sectors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Multi-region job search with moving costs (2016)
Zitatform
Kawata, Keisuke, Kentaro Nakajima & Yasuhiro Sato (2016): Multi-region job search with moving costs. In: Regional science and urban economics, Jg. 61, H. November, S. 114-129. DOI:10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2016.10.002
Abstract
"We develop a competitive search model involving multiple regions, geographically mobile workers, and moving costs. Equilibrium mobility patterns are analyzed and characterized, and the results indicate that shocks to a particular region, such as a productivity shock, can propagate to other regions through workers' mobility. Moreover, equilibrium mobility patterns are inefficient due to the existence of moving costs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Inept or badly matched?: effects of educational mismatch in the labor market (2016)
Kleibrink, Jan;Zitatform
Kleibrink, Jan (2016): Inept or badly matched? Effects of educational mismatch in the labor market. In: Labour, Jg. 30, H. 1, S. 88-108. DOI:10.1111/labr.12065
Abstract
"Negative wage effects of educational mismatch have become a stylized fact. Whether these are explained by differences in unobserved productivity or poor matching is still to be answered conclusively. In an empirical analysis based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel and the International Adult Literacy Survey, a broad econometric strategy is applied to solve the problem of unobserved heterogeneity and reveal the mechanism underlying wage differences between matched and mismatched workers. Results show that wage differentials can be explained by a poor matching in the labor market, rejecting the hypothesis that mismatched workers compensate for unobserved productivity differences." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Business cycle asymmetries and the labor market (2016)
Zitatform
Kohlbrecher, Britta & Christian Merkl (2016): Business cycle asymmetries and the labor market. (CESifo working paper 5803), München, 38 S.
Abstract
"This paper shows that the matching function and the Beveridge curve in the United States exhibit strong nonlinearities over the business cycle. These patterns can be replicated by enhancing a search and matching model with idiosyncratic productivity shocks for new contacts. Large negative aggregate shocks move the hiring cut-off point into a part of the idiosyncratic density function with higher density and thereby generate large, asymmetric job-finding rate and unemployment reactions. Our proposed mechanism is of high relevance as it leads to time varying effects of certain policy interventions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Effectiveness of social capital in the job search process (2016)
Koßmann, Ralf Werner;Zitatform
Koßmann, Ralf Werner (2016): Effectiveness of social capital in the job search process. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 823), Berlin, 53 S.
Abstract
"The empirical literature has provided ample yet contradictory evidence on the effectiveness of social ties in the job search process in terms of post-hire outcomes, such as wages or job satisfaction. Whereas early research, mainly focussing on the U.S. labour market, found positive correlations between finding a job via social ties and post-hire outcomes, most recent studies reported inconclusive or even negative correlations. Country differences in the effectiveness of social ties could be explained by differences in the effectiveness of other search channels, e.g. public institutions. Therefore, this study contributes to the existing literature by investigating the effectiveness of social ties in the German labour market which is commonly regarded as rather strict and monitored by strong labour market institutions. Based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), it is analysed whether wages, job satisfaction, and fluctuation are affected by the job finding channel. Furthermore, this is the first study which investigates whether job changes affect wage and job satisfaction differentials between the current and the previous job. Results show that finding a job via social ties is not related to higher income; yet, weak evidence can be found for higher job satisfaction and a reduction in turnover." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Who gets hired? The importance of finding an open slot (2016)
Lazear, Edward P.; Shaw, Kathryn L.; Stanton, Christopher T.;Zitatform
Lazear, Edward P., Kathryn L. Shaw & Christopher T. Stanton (2016): Who gets hired? The importance of finding an open slot. (NBER working paper 22202), Cambrige, Mass., 46 S. DOI:10.3386/w22202
Abstract
"A model of hiring into posted job slots suggests hiring is based on comparative advantage: being hired depends not only on one's own skill but also on the skills of other applicants. The model has numerous implications. First, bumping of applicants occurs when one job-seeker is slotted into a lower paying job by another applicant who is more skilled. Second, less able workers are more likely to be unemployed because they are bumped. Third, vacancies are higher for harder to fill skilled jobs. Fourth, some workers are over-qualified for their jobs whereas others are under-qualified. These implications are borne out using four different data sets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effect of the potential duration of unemployment benefits on unemployment exits to work and match quality in France (2016)
Zitatform
Le Barbanchon, Thomas (2016): The effect of the potential duration of unemployment benefits on unemployment exits to work and match quality in France. In: Labour economics, Jg. 42, H. October, S. 16-29. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2016.06.003
Abstract
"Recent empirical literature finds very limited average effects of generous unemployment benefits on match quality. This study examines those effects in a setting where they could be large. We focus on workers with low employability and evaluate the impact of a large increase in potential benefit duration from 7 to 15 months. Our regression discontinuity design does not elicit significant short-term or medium-term effects on either employment duration or wages, whereas we find large positive effects on unemployment and non-employment duration." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Learning to hire? Hiring as a dynamic experiential process in an online market for contract labor (2016)
Leung, Ming D.;Zitatform
Leung, Ming D. (2016): Learning to hire? Hiring as a dynamic experiential process in an online market for contract labor. (IRLE working paper 2016-113), Berkeley, CA, 47 S.
Abstract
"Can employers learn to hire? This article conceptualizes hiring as a dynamic experiential learning process. Instead of examining hiring as a point in time decision, I investigate whether and how employers' past hiring experiences affect their future decisions. Drawing on evidence from a global online market for contract labor, I argue that employers revise their beliefs regarding job applicants from a particular social category following a negative hiring experience from that social category. I analyze over 16 Million applications from freelancers worldwide for over 2.2 Million jobs from 557,416 employers. I find that employers who have a negative hiring experience with a freelancer from a particular country are subsequently less likely to hire other freelancers from that country. This effect is stronger on hiring for identical subsequent jobs and weaker for other jobs. Most strikingly, evidence from the actual hiring switches following a negative experience and a simulation using data from the observed distribution of freelancers on the platform demonstrate that employers unnecessarily oversteer away from countries given the narrow distribution of observable ability among freelancers. Switches do not result in hiring from a 'better' country." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Essays on the economics of the labor market (2016)
Lichter, Andreas;Zitatform
Lichter, Andreas (2016): Essays on the economics of the labor market. Köln, 217 S.
Abstract
"The present dissertation aims at contributing to the understanding of central labor market mechanisms by analyzing open questions on the determinants of firms' labor demand, unemployed individuals' job search behavior and the state's role in shaping peoples' trust and, thereby, affecting labor market outcomes and economic performance. (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))