matching – Suchprozesse am Arbeitsmarkt
Offene Stellen bei gleichzeitiger Arbeitslosigkeit - was Arbeitsmarkttheorien u. a. mit "unvollkommener Information" begründen, ist für Unternehmen und Arbeitsuchende oft nur schwer nachzuvollziehen: Unternehmen können freie Stellen nicht besetzen, trotzdem finden Arbeitsuchende nur schwer den passenden Job. Wie gestalten sich die Suchprozesse bei Unternehmen und Arbeitsuchenden, welche Konzessionen sind beide Seiten bereit einzugehen, wie lässt sich das "matching" verbessern?
Diese Infoplattform bietet wissenschaftliche Literatur zur theoretischen und empirischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema.
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Literaturhinweis
Valuation and matching: A conventionalist explanation of labor markets by firms' recruitment channels (2019)
de Larquier, Guillemette; Rieucau, Géraldine;Zitatform
de Larquier, Guillemette & Géraldine Rieucau (2019): Valuation and matching: A conventionalist explanation of labor markets by firms' recruitment channels. In: Historical social research, Jg. 44, H. 1, S. 52-72. DOI:10.12759/hsr.44.2019.1.52-72
Abstract
"In line with the conventionalist works on recruitment and intermediation in the labor market, this article argues that, in order to shape uncertainty about the quality of matching, recruitment channels used by firms rely on 'investments in forms.' The first investment corresponds to the definition of the boundaries of the labor market (i.e., the outline of the labor supply from the firm's point of view); the second one corresponds to the format of information (i.e., the 'standard' or 'personalized' language used by channels to convey information). The firm's resort to a given channel is explained by its internal organization and its valuation of what is a good applicant (depending on its 'labor quality convention'). By crossing-over the two types of investment in forms, we distinguish four matching dynamics. Each type of dynamics is illustrated by examples coming from a qualitative survey of recruitment practices in four French service oriented sectors." (Author's abstract, © GESIS) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The minimum wage and search effort (2018)
Adams, Camilla; Meer, Jonathan; Sloan, CarlyWill;Zitatform
Adams, Camilla, Jonathan Meer & CarlyWill Sloan (2018): The minimum wage and search effort. (NBER working paper 25128), Cambrige, Mass., 36 S. DOI:10.3386/w25128
Abstract
"Labor market search-and-matching models posit supply-side responses to minimum wage increases that may lead to improved matches and lessen or even reverse negative employment effects. Yet there is no empirical evidence on this crucial assumption. Using event study analysis of recent minimum wage increases, we find that increases to minimum wage do not increase the likelihood of searching, but do lead to large yet very transitory spikes in search effort by individuals already looking for work. The results are not driven by changes in the composition of searchers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Semantic matching of job seeker to vacancy: a bidirectional approach (2018)
Adugna Chala, Sisay; Ansari, Fazel; Tijdens, Kea; Fathi, Madjid;Zitatform
Adugna Chala, Sisay, Fazel Ansari, Madjid Fathi & Kea Tijdens (2018): Semantic matching of job seeker to vacancy. A bidirectional approach. In: International journal of manpower, Jg. 38, H. 8, S. 1047-1063. DOI:10.1108/IJM-10-2018-0331
Abstract
"The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework of an automatic bidirectional matching system that measures the degree of semantic similarity of job-seeker qualifications and skills, against the vacancy provided by employers or job-agents." (Author's abstract, © Emerald Group) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
On-the-job search with match-specific amenities (2018)
Albrecht, James; Carrillo-Tudela, ; Carlos, ; Vroman, Susan;Zitatform
Albrecht, James & Susan Vroman (2018): On-the-job search with match-specific amenities. In: Economics Letters, Jg. 162, H. January, S. 15-17. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2017.10.013
Abstract
"We construct an equilibrium on-the-job search model in which workers value wages and amenities. We show by example that in a standard (Burdett/Mortensen) model with a distribution of worker tastes over amenities, worker mobility need not imply equilibrium wage dispersion." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job search requirements, effort provision and labor market outcomes (2018)
Arni, Patrick; Schiprowski, Amelie;Zitatform
Arni, Patrick & Amelie Schiprowski (2018): Job search requirements, effort provision and labor market outcomes. (CESifo working paper 7200), München, 53 S.
Abstract
"How effective are effort targets? This paper provides novel evidence on the effects of job search requirements on effort provision and labor market outcomes. Based on large-scale register data, we estimate the returns to required job search effort, instrumenting individual requirements with caseworker stringency. Identification is ensured by the conditional random assignment of job seekers to caseworkers. We find that the duration of un- and non-employment both decrease by 3% if the requirement increases by one monthly application. When instrumenting actual applications with caseworker stringency, an additionally provided monthly application decreases the length of spells by 4%. In line with theory, we further find that the effect of required effort decreases in the individual's voluntary effort. Finally, the requirement level causes small negative effects on job stability, reducing the duration of re-employment spells by 0.3% per required application. We find a zero effect on re-employment wages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA discussion paper , 11765 -
Literaturhinweis
Can job search assistance improve the labour market integration of refugees? evidence from a field experiment (2018)
Zitatform
Battisti, Michele, Yvonne Giesing & Nadzeya Laurentsyeva (2018): Can job search assistance improve the labour market integration of refugees? evidence from a field experiment. (CESifo working paper 7292), München, 31 S.
Abstract
"We conducted a field experiment to evaluate the impact of job-search assistance on the employment of recently arrived refugees in Germany. The treatment group received jobmatching support: an NGO identified suitable vacancies and sent the refugees' CVs to employers. Results of follow-up phone surveys show a positive and significant treatment effect of 13 percentage points on employment after twelve months. These effects are concentrated among low-educated refugees and those facing uncertainty about their residence status. These individuals might not search effectively, lack access to alternative support programmes, and may be disregarded by employers due to perceived higher hiring costs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen in: Labour economics, 61 (2019), Art. 101745 -
Literaturhinweis
Economic job search and decision-making models (2018)
Berg, Gerard J. van den; Uhlendorff, Arne;Zitatform
Berg, Gerard J. van den & Arne Uhlendorff (2018): Economic job search and decision-making models. In: U.- C. Klehe & E. A. J. van Hooft (Hrsg.) (2018): The Oxford Handbook of job loss and job search, S. 243-255, 2015-03-15.
Abstract
"The economic job search theory is based on the assumption that individuals have imperfect information about jobs and wages. It takes time to find an acceptable job and individuals have to make decisions about their job search behavior. The optimal job search behavior is characterized by the reservation wage, that is, the wage above which job offers are accepted, and by the search effort. Both components depend on factors such as the income during job search and the probability of receiving a job offer. Search effort can be described by the amount of resources used for finding a job, which includes time but can also include the type of search channels. We present the basic models of economic job search theory and selected empirical findings, in which we focus on the job search behavior of unemployed individuals." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Uhlendorff, Arne; -
Literaturhinweis
Financial constraints in search equilibrium: Mortensen Pissarides meet Holmstrom and Tirole (2018)
Zitatform
Boeri, Tito, Pietro Garibaldi & Espen R. Moen (2018): Financial constraints in search equilibrium. Mortensen Pissarides meet Holmstrom and Tirole. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 144-155. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.06.003
Abstract
"A key lesson from the Great Recession is that firms' leverage and access to finance are important for hiring and firing decisions. It is now empirically established that bank lending is correlated with employment losses when credit conditions deteriorate. We provide further evidence of this and make causal inferences on the effect of leverage on job losses drawing on a new firm-level dataset that we assembled on employment and financial positions of European firms. Yet, in the Diamond Mortensen Pissarides (DMP) model there is no role for finance. All projects that display positive net present values are realized and financial markets are assumed to be perfect. What if financial markets are not perfect? Does a different access to finance influence the firm's hiring and firing decisions? The paper uses the concept of limited pledgeability proposed by Holmstrom and Tirole to integrate financial imperfections and labor market imperfections. A negative shock wipes out the firm's physical capital and leads to job destruction unless internal cash was accumulated by firms. If firms hold liquid assets they may thus protect their search capital, defined as the cost of attracting and hiring workers. The paper explores the trade-off between size and precautionary cash holdings in both partial and general equilibrium. We find that if labor market frictions disappear, so does the motive for firms to hold liquidity. This suggests a fundamental complementarity between labor market frictions and holding of liquid assets by firms." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Reduced form wage equations in the credible bargaining model (2018)
Boitier, Vincent; Lepetit, Antoine;Zitatform
Boitier, Vincent & Antoine Lepetit (2018): Reduced form wage equations in the credible bargaining model. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 92-96. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2016.04.003
Abstract
"We derive an explicit solution for the wage from an alternating-offer wage bargaining game à la Hall and Milgrom (2008) under a plausible parameter restriction. This solution is simple, micro-founded and permits a transparent analysis of the driving forces of wages. When it is used in a stationary steady-state search and matching model, the value of all endogenous variables can be expressed as a function of the parameters of the model and the exogenous variables. In a dynamic setup, the solution is much simpler to implement than the one found in the original paper of Hall and Milgrom (2008)." (Author's abstract, © 2016 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Shifting the Beveridge curve: what affects labor market matching? (2018)
Zitatform
Bova, Elva, João Tovar Jalles & Christina Kolerus (2018): Shifting the Beveridge curve. What affects labor market matching? In: International Labour Review, Jg. 157, H. 2, S. 267-306. DOI:10.1111/ilr.12046
Abstract
"This paper explores conditions and policies that could affect the matching between labor demand and supply. We identify shifts in the Beveridge curves for 12 OECD countries between 2000Q1 and 2013Q4 using three complementary methodologies and analyze the short-run determinants of these shifts by means of limited-dependent variable models. We find that labor force growth as well as employment protection legislation reduce the likelihood of an outward shift in the Beveridge curve,. Our findings also show that the matching process is more difficult the higher the share of employees with intermediate levels of education in the labor force and when long-term unemployment is more pronounced. Policies which could facilitate labor market matching include active labor market policies, such as incentives for start-up and job sharing programs. Passive labor market policies, such as unemployment benefits, as well as labor taxation render matching significantly more difficult." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Disentangling goods, labor, and credit market frictions in three European economies (2018)
Zitatform
Brzustowski, Thomas, Nicolas Petrosky-Nadeau & Etienne Wasmer (2018): Disentangling goods, labor, and credit market frictions in three European economies. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 180-196. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2016.05.006
Abstract
"We build a flexible model with search frictions in three markets: credit, labor, and goods markets. We then apply this model (called CLG) to three different economies: a flexible, finance-driven economy (the UK), an economy with wage moderation (Germany), and an economy with structural rigidities (Spain). In these three countries, goods and credit market frictions play a dominant role in entry costs and account for 75% to 85% of the total entry costs. In the goods market, adverse supply shocks are amplified through their propagation to the demand side, as they also imply income losses for consumers. This adds up to, at most, an additional 15% to 25% to the impact of the shocks. Finally, the speed of matching in the goods market and the credit market accounts for a small fraction of unemployment: most variation in unemployment comes from the speed of matching in the labor market." (Author's abstract, © 2016 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Endogenous separations, wage rigidities and unemployment volatility (2018)
Carlsson, Mikael; Westermark, Andreas;Zitatform
Carlsson, Mikael & Andreas Westermark (2018): Endogenous separations, wage rigidities and unemployment volatility. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2018,05), Uppsala, 33 S.
Abstract
"We show that in microdata, as well as in a search and matching model with flexible wages for new hires, wage rigidities of incumbent workers have substantial effects on separations and unemployment volatility. Allowing for an empirically relevant degree of wage rigidities for incumbent workers drives unemployment volatility, as well as the volatility of vacancies and tightness to that in the data. Thus, the degree of wage rigidity for newly hired workers is not a sufficient statistic for determining the effect of wage rigidities on macroeconomic outcomes. This finding affects the interpretation of a large empirical literature on wage rigidities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unemployment and vacancy dynamics with imperfect financial markets (2018)
Zitatform
Carrillo-Tudela, Carlos, Michael Graber & Klaus Wälde (2018): Unemployment and vacancy dynamics with imperfect financial markets. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 128-143. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.04.005
Abstract
"This paper proposes a simple general equilibrium model with labour market frictions and an imperfect financial market. The aim of the paper is to analyse the transitional dynamics of unemployment and vacancies when financial constraints are in place. We model the financial sector as a monopolistically competitive banking sector that intermediates financial capital between firms. This structure implies a per period financial resource constraint which has a closed form solution and describes the transition path of unemployment and vacancies to their steady state values. We show that the transition path crucially depends on the degree of wage flexibility. When wages do not depend on the unemployment rate the transition path is always downward sloping. This implies unemployment and vacancies adjust in opposite directions as observed in the data. When calibrating the model to the Great Recession and its aftermath we find that the lack of an improvement in the financial sector's effectiveness to intermediate resources played a crucial role in the slow recovery of the labour market." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen u.d.T.: IZA discussion paper , 9525 -
Literaturhinweis
Alternating offers with asymmetric information and the unemployment volatility puzzle (2018)
Clerc, Pierrick;Zitatform
Clerc, Pierrick (2018): Alternating offers with asymmetric information and the unemployment volatility puzzle. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 87-91. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.08.001
Abstract
"To provide micro-founded real wage rigidities, the literature on the unemployment volatility puzzle has considered alternating offers on one side, and asymmetric information on the other. Separately, however, these two frameworks deliver a limited amount of wage stickiness and thus require questionable calibrations to raise unemployment fluctuations. In this paper, we argue that the alternating offers model with one-sided asymmetric information, which combines the two frameworks, gives a more satisfactory answer to the puzzle. The results are improved along two dimensions. First, we show that this model is capable to generate large unemployment movements for a realistic calibration. Secondly, the model produces a right degree of real wage pro-cyclicality for such a calibration and therefore delivers a micro-founded explanation to real wage rigidities." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Imperfect monitoring of job search: structural estimation and policy design (2018)
Zitatform
Cockx, Bart, Muriel Dejemeppe, Andrey Launov & Bruno Van der Linden (2018): Imperfect monitoring of job search. Structural estimation and policy design. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 36, H. 1, S. 75-120. DOI:10.1086/693868
Abstract
"We build and estimate a nonstationary structural job search model that incorporates the main stylized features of a typical job search monitoring scheme in unemployment insurance (UI) and acknowledges that search effort and requirements are measured imperfectly. On the basis of Belgian data, monitoring is found to affect search behavior only weakly because assessments were scheduled late and infrequently, the monitoring technology was not sufficiently precise, and lenient Belgian UI results in caseloads that are less responsive to incentives than elsewhere. Simulations show how changing the aforementioned design features can enhance effectiveness and that precise monitoring is key in this." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA discussion paper , 10487 -
Literaturhinweis
Crowding-out effect and sorting in competitive labour markets with motivated workers (2018)
Cunyat, Antoni;Zitatform
Cunyat, Antoni (2018): Crowding-out effect and sorting in competitive labour markets with motivated workers. In: Applied Economics Letters, Jg. 26, H. 4, S. 326-330. DOI:10.1080/13504851.2018.1468550
Abstract
"This article makes a contribution to the economics literature by inducing proper self-selection into contracts based on workers' motivation. The novelty of our results is that it points out the alternative potential role of the crowding-out effect to separate workers based on their motivation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupations as labour market institutions: Occupational regulation and its effects on job matching and occupational closure (2018)
Zitatform
Damelang, Andreas, Michael Stops & Martin Abraham (2018): Occupations as labour market institutions. Occupational regulation and its effects on job matching and occupational closure. In: Soziale Welt, Jg. 69, H. 4, S. 406-426., 2018-11-02. DOI:10.5771/0038-6073-2018-4-406
Abstract
"Wir definieren Berufe als Institutionen, die das Bildungssystem mit dem Arbeitsmarkt koppeln und argumentieren, dass Berufe idealtypische Anforderungsprofile von Stellenangeboten darstellen. Auf dieser theoretischen Grundlage erarbeiten wir unterschiedliche Mechanismen, wie berufliche Institutionen und deren Regulierung berufliche Qualifikationen definieren und den Zugang zu Berufen und gleichzeitig Mobilität zwischen Berufen strukturieren. Das Ausmaß der beruflichen Regulierung variiert erheblich zwischen den Berufen. Darauf aufbauend analysieren wir die Auswirkungen der beruflichen Regulierung. Wir zeigen, dass die Regulierung zweiteilige Effekte hat. Erstens erhöht die berufliche Regulierung den Informationsstand sowohl für Arbeitgeber als auch für Arbeitssuchende und verringert somit die Unsicherheit im Matching-Prozess. Zweitens produziert berufliche Regulierung 'closed shops', indem der Zugang zu Berufen eingeschränkt wird. Studien, die sowohl die positiven als auch die negativen Auswirkungen beruflicher Regulierungen berücksichtigen, sind bisher selten. Wir schließen diese Lücke, indem wir zwei zentrale Arbeitsmarktprozesse untersuchen: Job Matching und berufliche Schließung. Um berufliche Regulierung empirisch abzubilden, verwenden wir einen innovativen Indikator und testen unsere Hypothesen mit deutschen Daten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass je stärker die berufliche Regulierung bei sonst gleichen Bedingungen ist, desto weniger aufwändig gestaltet sich der Matching-Prozess für die Vertragspartner. Im Gegensatz dazu wird der Wechsel in eine neue Beschäftigung umso unwahrscheinlicher, je stärker ein Beruf reguliert ist." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Matching in cities (2018)
Zitatform
Dauth, Wolfgang, Sebastian Findeisen, Enrico Moretti & Jens Südekum (2018): Matching in cities. (NBER working paper 25227), Cambrige, 65 S. DOI:10.3386/w25227
Abstract
"In most countries, average wages tend to be higher in larger cities. In this paper, we focus on the role played by the matching of workers to firms in explaining geographical wage differences. Using rich administrative German data for 1985-2014, we show that wages in large cities are higher not only because large cities attract more high-quality workers, but also because highquality workers are significantly more likely to be matched to high-quality plants. In particular, we find that assortative matching - measured by the correlation of worker fixed effects and plant fixed effects - is significantly stronger in large cities. The elasticity of assortative matching with respect to population has increased by around 75%in the last 30 years. We estimate that in a hypothetical scenario in which we keep the quality and location of German workers and plants unchanged, and equalize within-city assortative matching geographical wage inequality in Germany would decrease significantly. Overall, assortative matching magnifies wage differences caused by worker sorting and is a key factor in explaining the growth of wage disparities between communities over the last three decades.
If high-quality workers and firms are complements in production, moreover, increased assortative matching will increase aggregate earnings. We estimate that the increase in within-city assortative matching observed between 1985 and 2014 increased aggregate labor earnings in Germany by 2.1%, or 31.32 billion euros. We conclude that assortative matching increases earnings inequality across communities, but it also generates important efficiency gains for the German economy as a whole." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Discrimination as favoritism: the private benefits and social costs of in-group favoritism in an experimental labor market (2018)
Dickinson, David L.; Masclet, David; Peterle, Emmanuel;Zitatform
Dickinson, David L., David Masclet & Emmanuel Peterle (2018): Discrimination as favoritism. The private benefits and social costs of in-group favoritism in an experimental labor market. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 104, H. May, S. 220-236. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2018.03.004
Abstract
"We examine both the private benefits and spillover costs of labor market favoritism in a unique laboratory experiment design. Our data show that both employment preference and wage offers favor in-group members. Workers positively reciprocate towards in-group employers by choosing higher effort in a gift-exchange game. Thus, favoritism can be privately rational for employers. However, unemployed subjects are allowed to burn resources (at a cost to themselves), and we document significantly increased resource destruction when unemployment can be attributed to favoritism towards others. This highlights a significant spillover and often ignored cost of favoritism, and it points to one possible micro-foundation of some antisocial behavior." (Author's abstract, © 2018 Elsevier) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA discussion paper , 10599 -
Literaturhinweis
Schneller Internetzugang hilft Arbeitslosen bei der Jobsuche (2018)
Zitatform
Diegmann, André, Nicole Gürtzgen, Laura Pohlan & Gerard J. van den Berg (2018): Schneller Internetzugang hilft Arbeitslosen bei der Jobsuche. In: IAB-Forum H. 13.12.2018, o. Sz., 2018-12-04.
Abstract
"Das Internet als Massenmedium hat die Art und Weise, wie Arbeitgeber und Arbeitsuchende zusammenfinden, entscheidend verändert. Eine aktuelle Studie zeigt, dass ein schneller Internetzugang in den ersten Jahren der Verbreitung des Breitbandinternets die Erfolgschancen der Jobsuche von Arbeitslosen in Deutschland verbessert hat." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)