matching – Suchprozesse am Arbeitsmarkt
Offene Stellen bei gleichzeitiger Arbeitslosigkeit - was Arbeitsmarkttheorien u. a. mit "unvollkommener Information" begründen, ist für Unternehmen und Arbeitsuchende oft nur schwer nachzuvollziehen: Unternehmen können freie Stellen nicht besetzen, trotzdem finden Arbeitsuchende nur schwer den passenden Job. Wie gestalten sich die Suchprozesse bei Unternehmen und Arbeitsuchenden, welche Konzessionen sind beide Seiten bereit einzugehen, wie lässt sich das "matching" verbessern?
Diese Infoplattform bietet wissenschaftliche Literatur zur theoretischen und empirischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema.
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Literaturhinweis
Job search requirements, effort provision and labor market outcomes (2018)
Arni, Patrick; Schiprowski, Amelie;Zitatform
Arni, Patrick & Amelie Schiprowski (2018): Job search requirements, effort provision and labor market outcomes. (CESifo working paper 7200), München, 53 S.
Abstract
"How effective are effort targets? This paper provides novel evidence on the effects of job search requirements on effort provision and labor market outcomes. Based on large-scale register data, we estimate the returns to required job search effort, instrumenting individual requirements with caseworker stringency. Identification is ensured by the conditional random assignment of job seekers to caseworkers. We find that the duration of un- and non-employment both decrease by 3% if the requirement increases by one monthly application. When instrumenting actual applications with caseworker stringency, an additionally provided monthly application decreases the length of spells by 4%. In line with theory, we further find that the effect of required effort decreases in the individual's voluntary effort. Finally, the requirement level causes small negative effects on job stability, reducing the duration of re-employment spells by 0.3% per required application. We find a zero effect on re-employment wages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA discussion paper , 11765 -
Literaturhinweis
Can job search assistance improve the labour market integration of refugees? evidence from a field experiment (2018)
Zitatform
Battisti, Michele, Yvonne Giesing & Nadzeya Laurentsyeva (2018): Can job search assistance improve the labour market integration of refugees? evidence from a field experiment. (CESifo working paper 7292), München, 31 S.
Abstract
"We conducted a field experiment to evaluate the impact of job-search assistance on the employment of recently arrived refugees in Germany. The treatment group received jobmatching support: an NGO identified suitable vacancies and sent the refugees' CVs to employers. Results of follow-up phone surveys show a positive and significant treatment effect of 13 percentage points on employment after twelve months. These effects are concentrated among low-educated refugees and those facing uncertainty about their residence status. These individuals might not search effectively, lack access to alternative support programmes, and may be disregarded by employers due to perceived higher hiring costs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen in: Labour economics, 61 (2019), Art. 101745 -
Literaturhinweis
How wage announcements affect job search: a field experiment (2018)
Belot, Michele; Kircher, Philipp; Muller, Paul;Zitatform
Belot, Michele, Philipp Kircher & Paul Muller (2018): How wage announcements affect job search. A field experiment. (IZA discussion paper 11814), Bonn, 75 S.
Abstract
"We study how job seekers respond to wage announcements by assigning wages randomly to pairs of otherwise similar vacancies in a large number of professions. High wage vacancies attract more interest, in contrast with much of the evidence based on observational data. Some applicants only show interest in the low wage vacancy even when they were exposed to both. Both findings are core predictions of theories of directed/competitive search where workers trade off the wage with the perceived competition for the job. A calibrated model with multiple applications and on-the-job search induces magnitudes broadly in line with the empirical findings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Economic job search and decision-making models (2018)
Berg, Gerard J. van den; Uhlendorff, Arne;Zitatform
Berg, Gerard J. van den & Arne Uhlendorff (2018): Economic job search and decision-making models. In: U.- C. Klehe & E. A. J. van Hooft (Hrsg.) (2018): The Oxford Handbook of job loss and job search, S. 243-255, 2015-03-15.
Abstract
"The economic job search theory is based on the assumption that individuals have imperfect information about jobs and wages. It takes time to find an acceptable job and individuals have to make decisions about their job search behavior. The optimal job search behavior is characterized by the reservation wage, that is, the wage above which job offers are accepted, and by the search effort. Both components depend on factors such as the income during job search and the probability of receiving a job offer. Search effort can be described by the amount of resources used for finding a job, which includes time but can also include the type of search channels. We present the basic models of economic job search theory and selected empirical findings, in which we focus on the job search behavior of unemployed individuals." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Uhlendorff, Arne; -
Literaturhinweis
Financial constraints in search equilibrium: Mortensen Pissarides meet Holmstrom and Tirole (2018)
Zitatform
Boeri, Tito, Pietro Garibaldi & Espen R. Moen (2018): Financial constraints in search equilibrium. Mortensen Pissarides meet Holmstrom and Tirole. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 144-155. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.06.003
Abstract
"A key lesson from the Great Recession is that firms' leverage and access to finance are important for hiring and firing decisions. It is now empirically established that bank lending is correlated with employment losses when credit conditions deteriorate. We provide further evidence of this and make causal inferences on the effect of leverage on job losses drawing on a new firm-level dataset that we assembled on employment and financial positions of European firms. Yet, in the Diamond Mortensen Pissarides (DMP) model there is no role for finance. All projects that display positive net present values are realized and financial markets are assumed to be perfect. What if financial markets are not perfect? Does a different access to finance influence the firm's hiring and firing decisions? The paper uses the concept of limited pledgeability proposed by Holmstrom and Tirole to integrate financial imperfections and labor market imperfections. A negative shock wipes out the firm's physical capital and leads to job destruction unless internal cash was accumulated by firms. If firms hold liquid assets they may thus protect their search capital, defined as the cost of attracting and hiring workers. The paper explores the trade-off between size and precautionary cash holdings in both partial and general equilibrium. We find that if labor market frictions disappear, so does the motive for firms to hold liquidity. This suggests a fundamental complementarity between labor market frictions and holding of liquid assets by firms." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Reduced form wage equations in the credible bargaining model (2018)
Boitier, Vincent; Lepetit, Antoine;Zitatform
Boitier, Vincent & Antoine Lepetit (2018): Reduced form wage equations in the credible bargaining model. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 92-96. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2016.04.003
Abstract
"We derive an explicit solution for the wage from an alternating-offer wage bargaining game à la Hall and Milgrom (2008) under a plausible parameter restriction. This solution is simple, micro-founded and permits a transparent analysis of the driving forces of wages. When it is used in a stationary steady-state search and matching model, the value of all endogenous variables can be expressed as a function of the parameters of the model and the exogenous variables. In a dynamic setup, the solution is much simpler to implement than the one found in the original paper of Hall and Milgrom (2008)." (Author's abstract, © 2016 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Disentangling goods, labor, and credit market frictions in three European economies (2018)
Zitatform
Brzustowski, Thomas, Nicolas Petrosky-Nadeau & Etienne Wasmer (2018): Disentangling goods, labor, and credit market frictions in three European economies. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 180-196. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2016.05.006
Abstract
"We build a flexible model with search frictions in three markets: credit, labor, and goods markets. We then apply this model (called CLG) to three different economies: a flexible, finance-driven economy (the UK), an economy with wage moderation (Germany), and an economy with structural rigidities (Spain). In these three countries, goods and credit market frictions play a dominant role in entry costs and account for 75% to 85% of the total entry costs. In the goods market, adverse supply shocks are amplified through their propagation to the demand side, as they also imply income losses for consumers. This adds up to, at most, an additional 15% to 25% to the impact of the shocks. Finally, the speed of matching in the goods market and the credit market accounts for a small fraction of unemployment: most variation in unemployment comes from the speed of matching in the labor market." (Author's abstract, © 2016 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ethnic discrimination in hiring, labour market tightness and the business cycle: evidence from field experiments (2018)
Zitatform
Carlsson, Magnus, Luca Fumarco & Dan-Olof Rooth (2018): Ethnic discrimination in hiring, labour market tightness and the business cycle. Evidence from field experiments. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 50, H. 24, S. 2652-2663. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2017.1406653
Abstract
"Several studies using observational data suggest that ethnic discrimination increases in downturns of the economy. We investigate whether ethnic discrimination depends on labour market tightness using data from correspondence studies. We utilize three correspondence studies of the Swedish labour market and two different measures of labour market tightness. These two measures produce qualitatively similar results, and, opposite to the observational studies, suggest that ethnic discrimination in hiring decreases in downturns of the economy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Endogenous separations, wage rigidities and unemployment volatility (2018)
Carlsson, Mikael; Westermark, Andreas;Zitatform
Carlsson, Mikael & Andreas Westermark (2018): Endogenous separations, wage rigidities and unemployment volatility. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2018,05), Uppsala, 33 S.
Abstract
"We show that in microdata, as well as in a search and matching model with flexible wages for new hires, wage rigidities of incumbent workers have substantial effects on separations and unemployment volatility. Allowing for an empirically relevant degree of wage rigidities for incumbent workers drives unemployment volatility, as well as the volatility of vacancies and tightness to that in the data. Thus, the degree of wage rigidity for newly hired workers is not a sufficient statistic for determining the effect of wage rigidities on macroeconomic outcomes. This finding affects the interpretation of a large empirical literature on wage rigidities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unemployment and vacancy dynamics with imperfect financial markets (2018)
Zitatform
Carrillo-Tudela, Carlos, Michael Graber & Klaus Wälde (2018): Unemployment and vacancy dynamics with imperfect financial markets. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 128-143. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.04.005
Abstract
"This paper proposes a simple general equilibrium model with labour market frictions and an imperfect financial market. The aim of the paper is to analyse the transitional dynamics of unemployment and vacancies when financial constraints are in place. We model the financial sector as a monopolistically competitive banking sector that intermediates financial capital between firms. This structure implies a per period financial resource constraint which has a closed form solution and describes the transition path of unemployment and vacancies to their steady state values. We show that the transition path crucially depends on the degree of wage flexibility. When wages do not depend on the unemployment rate the transition path is always downward sloping. This implies unemployment and vacancies adjust in opposite directions as observed in the data. When calibrating the model to the Great Recession and its aftermath we find that the lack of an improvement in the financial sector's effectiveness to intermediate resources played a crucial role in the slow recovery of the labour market." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen u.d.T.: IZA discussion paper , 9525 -
Literaturhinweis
Alternating offers with asymmetric information and the unemployment volatility puzzle (2018)
Clerc, Pierrick;Zitatform
Clerc, Pierrick (2018): Alternating offers with asymmetric information and the unemployment volatility puzzle. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 87-91. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.08.001
Abstract
"To provide micro-founded real wage rigidities, the literature on the unemployment volatility puzzle has considered alternating offers on one side, and asymmetric information on the other. Separately, however, these two frameworks deliver a limited amount of wage stickiness and thus require questionable calibrations to raise unemployment fluctuations. In this paper, we argue that the alternating offers model with one-sided asymmetric information, which combines the two frameworks, gives a more satisfactory answer to the puzzle. The results are improved along two dimensions. First, we show that this model is capable to generate large unemployment movements for a realistic calibration. Secondly, the model produces a right degree of real wage pro-cyclicality for such a calibration and therefore delivers a micro-founded explanation to real wage rigidities." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Imperfect monitoring of job search: structural estimation and policy design (2018)
Zitatform
Cockx, Bart, Muriel Dejemeppe, Andrey Launov & Bruno Van der Linden (2018): Imperfect monitoring of job search. Structural estimation and policy design. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 36, H. 1, S. 75-120. DOI:10.1086/693868
Abstract
"We build and estimate a nonstationary structural job search model that incorporates the main stylized features of a typical job search monitoring scheme in unemployment insurance (UI) and acknowledges that search effort and requirements are measured imperfectly. On the basis of Belgian data, monitoring is found to affect search behavior only weakly because assessments were scheduled late and infrequently, the monitoring technology was not sufficiently precise, and lenient Belgian UI results in caseloads that are less responsive to incentives than elsewhere. Simulations show how changing the aforementioned design features can enhance effectiveness and that precise monitoring is key in this." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA discussion paper , 10487 -
Literaturhinweis
Labor market search with imperfect information and learning (2018)
Conlon, John; Zafar, Basit; Wiswall, Matthew; Pilossoph, J. Laura;Zitatform
Conlon, John, J. Laura Pilossoph, Matthew Wiswall & Basit Zafar (2018): Labor market search with imperfect information and learning. (NBER working paper 24988), Cambrige, Mass., 65 S. DOI:10.3386/w24988
Abstract
"We investigate the role of information frictions in the US labor market using a new nationally representative panel dataset on individuals' labor market expectations and realizations. We find that expectations about future job offers are, on average, highly predictive of actual outcomes. Despite their predictive power, however, deviations of ex post realizations from ex ante expectations are often sizable. The panel aspect of the data allows us to study how individuals update their labor market expectations in response to such shocks. We find a strong response: an individual who receives a job offer one dollar above her expectation subsequently adjusts her expectations upward by $0.47. The updating patterns we document are, on the whole, inconsistent with Bayesian updating. We embed the empirical evidence on expectations and learning into a model of search on- and off- the job with learning, and show that it is far better able to fit the data on reservation wages relative to a model that assumes complete information. The estimated model indicates that workers would have lower employment transition responses to changes in the value of unemployment through higher unemployment benefits than in a complete information model, suggesting that assuming workers have complete information can bias estimates of the predictions of government interventions. We use the framework to gauge the welfare costs of information frictions which arise because individuals make uninformed job acceptance decisions and find that the costs due to information frictions are sizable, but are largely mitigated by the presence of learning." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
On-the-job search, mismatch and worker heterogeneity (2018)
Zitatform
DeLoach, Stephen B. & Mark Kurt (2018): On-the-job search, mismatch and worker heterogeneity. In: Journal of labor research, Jg. 39, H. 2, S. 219-233. DOI:10.1007/s12122-018-9263-1
Abstract
"This paper empirically examines the search behavior of currently employed workers to understand changes in on-the-job search across different types of employed individuals and varying labor market conditions. Using data from the American Time Use Survey, we estimate the responsiveness of workers with varying levels of productivity and job-match quality to regional labor market conditions. We find that those workers who are less-productive, mismatched in their current position, and high-productivity, mismatched workers are more likely to engage in search than other workers. These results have implications for models built on job mismatch, as well as for models seeking to explain increasing inequality and wage dispersion." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job search with subjective wage expectations (2018)
Drahs, Sascha; Haywood, Luke; Schiprowski, Amelie;Zitatform
Drahs, Sascha, Luke Haywood & Amelie Schiprowski (2018): Job search with subjective wage expectations. (DIW-Diskussionspapiere 1725), Berlin, 35 S.
Abstract
"This paper analyzes how subjective expectations about wage opportunities in uence the job search decision. We match data on subjective wage expectations with administrative employment records. The data reveal that unemployed individuals over-estimate their future net re-employment wage by 10% on average. In particular, the average individual does not anticipate that wage offers decline in value with their elapsed time out of employment. How does this optimism affect job finding? We analyze this question using a structural job search framework in which subjective expectations about future wage offers are not constrained to be consistent with reality. Results show that wage optimism has highly dynamic effects: upon unemployment entry, optimism decreases job finding by about 8%. This effect weakens over the unemployment spell and eventually switches sign after about 8 months of unemployment. From then onward, optimism prevents unemployed individuals from becoming discouraged and thus increases search. On average, optimism increases the duration of unemployment by about 6.5%." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Dynamics and endogeneity of firms' recruitment behaviour (2018)
Ehrenfried, Felix; Holzner, Christian;Zitatform
Ehrenfried, Felix & Christian Holzner (2018): Dynamics and endogeneity of firms' recruitment behaviour. (CESifo working paper 7283), München, 51 S.
Abstract
"Models of random search, directed search, or stock-ow matching differ substantially in the way they assume that job seekers and firms behave during the recruitment process. In this paper we identify new patterns about the recruitment behaviour of firms using the entropy balancing technique and argue that stock-flow matching models - if suitably amended by a timeconsuming screening technology - are best able to explain why the vacancy-filling hazard is increasing during the planned search period and decreases thereafter, why most applicants arrive early in the recruitment process, and why the willingness to pay higher wages or to hire less qualified or experienced applicants increases for firms, which have been unlucky and unable to hire until the intended starting date." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Evidence on the relationship between recruiting and the starting wage (2018)
Zitatform
Faberman, R. Jason & Guido Menzio (2018): Evidence on the relationship between recruiting and the starting wage. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 67-79. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.01.003
Abstract
"Using data from the Employment Opportunity Pilot Project, we examine the relationship between the starting wage paid to the worker filling a vacancy, the number of applications attracted by the vacancy, the number of candidates interviewed for the vacancy, and the duration of the vacancy. We find that the wage is positively related to the duration of a vacancy and negatively related to the number of applications and interviews per week. We show that these surprising findings are consistent with a view of the labor market in which firms post wages and workers direct their search based on these wages if workers and jobs are heterogeneous and the interaction between the worker's type and the job's type in production satisfies some rather natural assumptions." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
On the effects of ranking by unemployment duration (2018)
Zitatform
Fernández-Blanco, Javier & Edgar Preugschat (2018): On the effects of ranking by unemployment duration. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 104, H. May, S. 92-110. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2018.02.003
Abstract
"We propose a theory based on the firm's hiring behavior that rationalizes the observed significant decline of callback rates for an interview and exit rates from unemployment and the mild decline of reemployment wages over unemployment duration. We build a directed search model with symmetric incomplete information on worker types and non-sequential search by firms. Sorting due to firms' testing of applicants in the past makes expected productivity fall with duration, which induces firms to rank applicants by duration. In equilibrium callback and exit rates both fall with unemployment duration. In our numerical exercise using U.S. data we show that our model can replicate quite well the observed falling patterns, with the firm's ranking decision accounting for a sizable part." (Author's abstract, © 2018 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Time-varying job creation and macroeconomic shocks (2018)
Zitatform
Guglielminetti, Elisa & Meradj Pouraghdam (2018): Time-varying job creation and macroeconomic shocks. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 156-179. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.09.008
Abstract
"In this paper we investigate the time-varying properties of job creation in the United States in connection to the macro-economy. We address this issue through a time-varying parameter VAR (TVP-VAR) with stochastic volatility. We identify four structural shocks by combining zero long-run restrictions and short-run sign restrictions based on a NK-DSGE model with frictional labor markets. Our main findings are as follows. First, at business cycle frequencies for most part of the sample the lion share of the volatility of job creation is explained by non-technology shocks; this challenges the conventional practice of addressing the labor market volatility puzzle (Shimer, 2005) under the assumption that technology shocks are the main driver of fluctuations in hiring. Second, permanent supply shocks had a negative impact on job creation during the Great Inflation period - a result reminiscent of the 'hours puzzle' (Galí, 1999). We show that the main candidate in explaining such structural change is the more passive conduct of monetary policy at that time. It follows that the results derived from partial equilibrium models of the labor market, which imply a rise in hiring as technology improves, neglect important transmission channels and may be misleading." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The cyclicality of labor-market flows: a multiple-shock approach (2018)
Hairault, Jean-Olivier; Zhutova, Anastasia;Zitatform
Hairault, Jean-Olivier & Anastasia Zhutova (2018): The cyclicality of labor-market flows. A multiple-shock approach. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 103, H. April, S. 150-172. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2018.01.008
Abstract
"In this paper, we aim to establish some stylized facts about the relative contributions of the job-finding and separation rates to unemployment dynamics depending on the nature of structural shocks. The shocks in our Bayesian Structural VAR model are identified using a sign-restriction approach, and capture shifts in the three conditions determining labor-market equilibrium in matching models: the Beveridge curve, and the job-creation and job-destruction conditions. Using both US and French data, we identify an aggregate shock to match profitability (the aggregate-profitability shock), a shock specific to existing jobs (the reallocation shock) and a shock to the efficiency of the matching process (the matching-efficiency shock). We find that the relative contributions of the job finding and separation rates are notably different across shocks in both countries, but are similar across countries for each type of shock. Labor market dynamics appear to be Transatlantic despite well-known institutional differences. However, it must be emphasized that the reaction of the labor market variables to the matching-efficiency shock seems more muted in the US than in France." (Author's abstract, © 2018 Elsevier) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA discussion paper , 8558