matching – Suchprozesse am Arbeitsmarkt
Offene Stellen bei gleichzeitiger Arbeitslosigkeit - was Arbeitsmarkttheorien u. a. mit "unvollkommener Information" begründen, ist für Unternehmen und Arbeitsuchende oft nur schwer nachzuvollziehen: Unternehmen können freie Stellen nicht besetzen, trotzdem finden Arbeitsuchende nur schwer den passenden Job. Wie gestalten sich die Suchprozesse bei Unternehmen und Arbeitsuchenden, welche Konzessionen sind beide Seiten bereit einzugehen, wie lässt sich das "matching" verbessern?
Diese Infoplattform bietet wissenschaftliche Literatur zur theoretischen und empirischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema.
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Literaturhinweis
Connecting with work: the role of social networks in immigrants searching for jobs in Finland (2011)
Ahmad, Akhlaq;Zitatform
Ahmad, Akhlaq (2011): Connecting with work. The role of social networks in immigrants searching for jobs in Finland. In: European Societies, Jg. 13, H. 5, S. 687-712. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2011.580854
Abstract
"This study considers to what extent immigrants' social networks have acted as important resources that have helped them to connect with employment opportunities during their entire occupational careers in Finland. Adopting a comprehensive job-acquisition model, it offers a detailed investigation into how job information that led to employment is acquired and transmitted, how the jobs themselves are applied for, and in which ways social contacts have played a direct or indirect role in obtaining them. Despite the presence of a well-established nationwide system of public employment agencies in Finland, reliance on predominantly ethnic networks was found to be pervasive among immigrants throughout their employment histories under loose as well as tight job-market conditions. The role of networks was especially vital in the immediate post-immigration period, because as newcomers to the host society, they lacked locally acquired human capital. The empirical observations also suggest, however, that extensive reliance on networks was also a means to circumvent discrimination prevailing in the labour market that discouraged immigrants from seeking employment through formal channels of job information. Discrimination had not only contributed to low occupational attainment of informants by confining them to low-prestige occupations but indirectly also may have led to the structuring of ethnically dominated networks among them. The study suggests that the efforts aimed at creating equal employment opportunities for immigrants are unlikely to bear fruit without successfully combating discrimination and a general change in attitudes towards immigrants in society." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job Search Study: literature review and analysis of the Labour Force Survey (2011)
Green, Anne E.; Hoyos, Maria de; Li, Yuxin; Owen, David;Zitatform
Green, Anne E., Maria de Hoyos, Yuxin Li & David Owen (2011): Job Search Study. Literature review and analysis of the Labour Force Survey. (Department for Work and Pensions. Research report 726), London, 118 S.
Abstract
"This report presents findings of a qualitative study carried out in August and September 2010 to explore the use of vesting rules and default options in Defined Contribution (DC) occupational pension schemes. It involved 41 face-to-face depth interviews with:
- intermediaries;
- pension providers, and
- employers with DC occupational pension schemes.
The research was carried out on behalf of the Department for Work and Pensions by RS Consulting." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Neighbors and coworkers: The importance of residential labor market networks (2011)
Zitatform
Hellerstein, Judith K., Melissa McInerney & David Neumark (2011): Neighbors and coworkers: The importance of residential labor market networks. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 29, H. 4, S. 659- 695. DOI:10.1086/660776
Abstract
"We specify and implement a test for the presence and importance of labor market networks based on residential proximity, in determining the establishments at which people work. Using matched employer-employee data at the establishment level, we measure the importance of these network effects for groups broken out by race, ethnicity, and measures of skill. The evidence indicates that these types of labor market networks do exist and play an important role in determining the establishments where workers work; that they are more important for minorities and the less skilled, especially among Hispanics; and that they appear to be race based." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social networks and occupational attainment in Australia (2011)
Huang, Xianbi; Western, Mark;Zitatform
Huang, Xianbi & Mark Western (2011): Social networks and occupational attainment in Australia. In: Sociology, Jg. 45, H. 2, S. 269-286. DOI:10.1177/0038038510394029
Abstract
"This article contributes to exploring the comparative effects of market mechanisms and social networks and the interplay of human capital and social networks in western labour markets. We examine social networks and occupational attainment by using data from the 2007 Australian Survey of Social Attitudes and provide three major findings: (1) as a job search method, social networks are associated with lower earnings and occupational status and a lower probability of entering a professional or managerial position than market-oriented job search methods; (2) jobs that are found using strong ties have lower occupational attainment than jobs found using weak ties; and (3) the poorer occupational attainment outcomes associated with social networks are only observed among those without university degrees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Is internet job search still ineffective? (2011)
Zitatform
Kuhn, Peter & Hani Mansour (2011): Is internet job search still ineffective? (IZA discussion paper 5955), Bonn, 33 S.
Abstract
"While the Internet has been found to reduce trading frictions in a number of other markets, existing research has failed to detect such an effect in the labor market. In this paper, we replicate Kuhn and Skuterud's (2004) study - which found that Internet job search (IJS) was associated with longer unemployment durations in 1998/2000 - using comparable data from a decade later. We find that IJS now appears to be effective: it reduces individual workers' unemployment durations by about 25 percent. This finding is robust to controls for workers' AFQT scores and detailed indicators of Internet access. IJS appears to be most effective in reducing unemployment durations when used to contact friends and relatives, to send out resumes or fill out applications, and also to look at ads. We detect no effect of IJS on wage growth between jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Friends' networks and job finding rates (2010)
Cappellari, Lorenzo; Tatsiramos, Konstantinos;Zitatform
Cappellari, Lorenzo & Konstantinos Tatsiramos (2010): Friends' networks and job finding rates. (IZA discussion paper 5240), Bonn, 35 S.
Abstract
"We investigate the effect of social interactions on labor market outcomes using a direct measure of social contacts based on information about individuals' three best friends and their characteristics. We examine the effect of the number of employed friends on the transition from non-employment to employment, and we find the existence of significant network effects at the individual level. An additional employed friend increases the probability of finding a job by 3.7 percentage points. This finding is robust to specifications that address the endogeneity of friends' employment status, which may be induced by correlation with unobserved individual attributes and feedback effects. Considering labor market outcomes, we find evidence of higher wages and employment stability for those with more employed friends, which is consistent with networks acting as an information transmission mechanism." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Friends' networks and job finding rates (2010)
Cappellari, Lorenzo; Tatsiramos, Konstantinos;Zitatform
Cappellari, Lorenzo & Konstantinos Tatsiramos (2010): Friends' networks and job finding rates. (CESifo working paper 3243), München, 34 S.
Abstract
"We investigate the effect of social interactions on labor market outcomes using a direct measure of social contacts based on information about individuals' three best friends and their characteristics. We examine the effect of the number of employed friends on the transition from non-employment to employment, and we find the existence of significant network effects at the individual level. An additional employed friend increases the probability of finding a job by 3.7 percentage points. This finding is robust to specifications that address the endogeneity of friends' employment status, which may be induced by correlation with unobserved individual attributes and feedback effects. Considering labor market outcomes, we find evidence of higher wages and employment stability for those with more employed friends, which is consistent with networks acting as an information transmission mechanism." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
An incentive theory of matching (2009)
Zitatform
Brown, Alessio J. G., Christian Merkl & Dennis J. Snower (2009): An incentive theory of matching. (IZA discussion paper 4145), Bonn, 29 S.
Abstract
"This paper presents a theory explaining the labor market matching process through microeconomic incentives. There are heterogeneous variations in the characteristics of workers and jobs, and firms face adjustment costs in responding to these variations. Matches and separations are described through firms' job offer and firing decisions and workers' job acceptance and quit decisions. This approach obviates the need for a matching function. On this theoretical basis, we argue that the matching function is vulnerable to the Lucas critique. Our calibrated model for the U.S. economy can account for important empirical regularities that the conventional matching model cannot." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Informal recruitment methods and disadvantages of immigrants in the Swedish labour market (2008)
Behtoui, Alireza;Zitatform
Behtoui, Alireza (2008): Informal recruitment methods and disadvantages of immigrants in the Swedish labour market. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 34, H. 3, S. 411-430. DOI:10.1080/13691830701880251
Abstract
"This paper examines the probability of success for different methods of finding employment in the Swedish labour market, in times of both economic growth and decline. Existing West European studies on hiring processes have not allowed researchers to examine the relationship between job contacts and wage income among various groups of immigrants. Since our dataset is sufficiently large, this article examines job-finding strategies and labour market outcomes for individuals within two large groups, immigrants and natives. By studying those who have been in their current jobs for one year or less, the paper investigates to what extent both natives and immigrants use their social networks to find a job, and how informal job-finding methods are related to the rate of return in the Swedish labour market for the job secured, in terms of hourly wage. The findings show that immigrants, compared to natives, are less likely to be able to find jobs through informal methods and that jobs found through informal methods do not pay as well for immigrants as for natives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
What informational basis for assessing job-seekers?: capabilities vs. preferences (2005)
Zitatform
Bonvin, Jean-Michel & Nicolas Farvaque (2005): What informational basis for assessing job-seekers? Capabilities vs. preferences. In: Review of Social Economy, Jg. 63, H. 2, S. 269-289. DOI:10.1080/0034676500130614
Abstract
"The evaluative function of local public actors has been exacerbated in recent years with the individualisation of social policies. One of their tasks is to select the appropriate informational basis in order to assess welfare claimants. Amartya Sen's capability approach offers a theoretical and normative framework to analyse this evaluative function. In particular, it insists on the importance of 'objectivating' people's preferences with reference to their capabilities. The weight that is to be attached to individual preferences in the course of public action can be a matter of controversy. Claimants 'capability for voice', we argue, should be developed. This capability refers to their effective possibility to express their concerns with regard to the choice of the informational basis. It is argued that local institutions prohibiting capability for voice will produce adaptive preferences, whereas procedural institutions promoting reflexive public evaluation and capability for voice will result in a fairer wording of individual preferences. At a situated level, the way to connect subjective and objective information when assessing people very much depends on the position of the evaluator. Several illustrations show that the fairness of evaluation, and its impact on the people's capability set, depend on this positional perspective." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))