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Berufliche Mobilität

Eine Tätigkeit, die mehr Spaß verspricht, ein höheres Gehalt oder bessere Entwicklungsperspektiven: Es gibt viele Gründe, nicht länger im erlernten oder ausgeübten Beruf tätig zu sein. Nicht immer sind sie jedoch so erfreulich: Auslöser kann auch eine Entlassung sein.

Dieses Themendossier bietet Literaturhinweise zur beruflichen Mobilitätsforschung in Deutschland und in anderen Ländern. Sie erschließt theoretische Ansätze und empirische Ergebnisse - beispielsweise zu den Fragen: Sind Berufswechsel lohnend? Für wen sind sie mit besonderen Risiken verbunden? Wie gut lassen sich bei einem beruflichen Neustart die bisher erworbenen Qualifikationen verwerten?
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Specialists or generalists? Cross-industry mobility and wages (2023)

    Hervé, Justine ;

    Zitatform

    Hervé, Justine (2023): Specialists or generalists? Cross-industry mobility and wages. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 84. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102391

    Abstract

    "This paper quantifies the association between industrial specialization at the occupation level and job mobility and earnings for low and middle-wage American workers. I propose the concept of industry specificity to capture the degree of industrial specialization of a worker's occupation. I measure industry specificity using an index of industrial concentration of employment (CEI) defined at the occupation-state-year level. Linking this index to individual-level panel data on wages and job transitions, I show that CEI is negatively associated with workers' wages: moving from the first quartile to the third quartile of industry specificity decreases wages by 13 percent. I next examine the mechanisms that explain these findings. I first find that CEI is negatively associated with cross-industry and cross-occupation mobility, that is, workers employed in industry-specific occupations change industry and occupation less frequently than workers in less specific occupations. In addition, I show that occupation-level factors such as skill uniqueness and automatability increase industry specificity; but they cannot entirely explain the negative effect of CEI on wages. Finally, in line with the main results, I provide suggestive evidence that workers in industry-specific occupations are more vulnerable to industry-wide wage shocks compared to their generalist counterparts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Wer nimmt die Berufsberatung im Erwerbsleben (BBiE) in Anspruch? Eine Prozessdatenanalyse (2023)

    Heusler, Anna ; Lang, Julia ; Stephan, Gesine ;

    Zitatform

    Heusler, Anna, Julia Lang & Gesine Stephan (2023): Wer nimmt die Berufsberatung im Erwerbsleben (BBiE) in Anspruch? Eine Prozessdatenanalyse. (IAB-Forschungsbericht 21/2023), Nürnberg, 33 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FB.2321

    Abstract

    "Berufliche Weiterbildung und Neuorientierung gewinnen im Zuge der Digitalisierung und des demografischen Wandels weiter an Bedeutung. Um Menschen bei der beruflichen Orientierung zu unterstützen, hat die Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) in den letzten Jahren verschiedene Berufsberatungsangebote (weiter-)entwickelt. Die Berufsberatung im Erwerbsleben (BBiE) richtet sich dabei an Menschen, die im Erwerbsleben stehen. Ein zentrales Ziel ist es, diesen dabei zu helfen, die eigene berufliche Perspektive besser einzuschätzen. Zielgruppen sind vorrangig Erwerbstätige, insbesondere solche mit niedriger Qualifikation, die vor einer beruflichen Neu- bzw. Umorientierung stehen sowie Personen vor einem beruflichen Wiedereinstieg. Daneben richtet sich das Angebot an Arbeitslose im Rechtskreis der Arbeitslosenversicherung, die berufliche Vorerfahrungen und einen erhöhten beruflichen Beratungs- und Orientierungsbedarf haben. Dieser Forschungsbericht nutzt erstmalig neu erschlossene Forschungsdaten zu den beratenen Personen und verknüpft diese mit den Integrierten Erwerbsbiografien (IEB) des IAB sowie dem Betriebs-Historik-Panel (BHP). Die IEB enthalten unter anderem Informationen zu Zeiten sozialversicherungspflichtiger Beschäftigung, der registrierten Arbeitssuche, des Bezugs von Arbeitslosengeld und Arbeitslosengeld II sowie zur Teilnahme an arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen. Aus dem BHP lassen sich Informationen zum Beschäftigungsbetrieb ergänzen. Da sich das Angebot im Untersuchungszeitraum an verschiedene Zielgruppen richtete, differenziert der Bericht zwischen Personen, die zum Zeitpunkt der Erstberatung a) sozialversicherungspflichtig beschäftigt, b) arbeitslos im Rechtskreis der Arbeitslosenversicherung (SGB III) oder c) in einem sonstigen Status waren – unter die letzte Kategorie fallen auch potenzielle Wiedereinsteiger*innen in den Arbeitsmarkt. Für die Beschäftigten wird eine Referenzgruppe aus Personen gebildet, die zu einem Stichtag beschäftigt waren. Eine Referenzgruppe für die Arbeitslosen setzt sich aus Zugängen in Arbeitslosigkeit zusammen. Für die sonstigen Personen lässt sich keine Referenzgruppe bilden, da für sie zum ersten Beratungstermin größtenteils keine Informationen in den administrativen Daten der BA vorliegen. Das Analysesample enthält 45.000 Beschäftigte, knapp 9.000 Arbeitslose sowie rund 17.500 sonstige Personen, die im Jahr 2021 mindestens einen ersten Beratungstermin wahrgenommen haben und für die einige zusätzliche Bedingungen erfüllt waren. Verglichen mit den Referenzgruppen ergeben sich für das Analysesample annäherungsweise Beratungsquoten von 0,16 Prozent für Beschäftigte und 0,64 Prozent für Arbeitslose im Rechtskreis SGB III. Der Bericht untersucht dann, welche Merkmale die drei Gruppen beratener Personen aufweisen, für die ersten beiden Gruppen auch im Vergleich zu den Referenzgruppen. Neben individuellen Merkmalen der Personen lassen sich auch Merkmale des letzten oder aktuellen Arbeitgebers auswerten. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich insbesondere ein starker Alterseffekt: Die BBiE richtete sich in allen drei Gruppen eher an Jüngere – in der Gruppe der Beratenen liegt der Anteil der Personen bis zu 35 Jahren über dem in der Referenzgruppe, der Anteil derer ab 46 Jahren deutlich darunter. Ein zweiter starker Effekt zeigt sich beim Geschlecht: Je nach Gruppe liegt der Frauenanteil bei den Beratenen zwischen gut der Hälfte und zwei Dritteln und über dem Frauenanteil in den Referenzgruppen. Beratene Beschäftigte hatten im aktuellen Job ein (gemessen am Median) deutlich geringeres Bruttotagesentgelt als Personen in der Referenzgruppe und arbeiteten häufiger in Teilzeit. Darüber hinaus findet sich eine Vielzahl kleinerer Unterschiede zwischen den Beschäftigten und Arbeitslosen sowie den jeweiligen Referenzgruppen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Heusler, Anna ; Lang, Julia ; Stephan, Gesine ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Earnings, labor market dynamics, and inequality in Sweden (2023)

    Holmberg, Johan;

    Zitatform

    Holmberg, Johan (2023): Earnings, labor market dynamics, and inequality in Sweden. In: The Scandinavian Journal of Economics online erschienen am 18.12.2023. DOI:10.1111/sjoe.12553

    Abstract

    "In this paper, we develop a comprehensive model of earnings and labor market dynamics, where employment and job change are endogenous. The model is estimated by applying the method of indirect inference on Swedish register data and then used to carry out some policy experiments. There are three key conclusions from these experiments. First, employment shocks early in life can to a larger extent be mitigated before retirement compared to employment shocks occurring later. Second, we find that idiosyncratic productivity shocks, unobserved heterogeneity, and education contribute substantially to life cycle earnings inequality. Finally, we find that transitory shocks to employment risk have negative effects on earnings and employment in the short run but may increase labor market fluidity in the medium run." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Searching for Job Security and the Consequences of Job Loss (2023)

    Jarosch, Gregor;

    Zitatform

    Jarosch, Gregor (2023): Searching for Job Security and the Consequences of Job Loss. In: Econometrica, Jg. 91, H. 3, S. 903-942. DOI:10.3982/ECTA14008

    Abstract

    "Job loss comes with large present value earnings losses which elude workhorse models of unemployment and labor market policy. I propose a parsimonious model of a frictional labor market in which jobs differ in terms of unemployment risk and workers search off- and on-the-job. This gives rise to a job ladder with slippery bottom rungs where unemployment spells beget unemployment spells. I allow for human capital to respond to time spent out of work and estimate the framework on German Social Security data. The model captures the joint response of wages, employment, and unemployment risk to job loss which I measure empirically. The key driver of the “unemployment scar” is the loss in job security and its interaction with the evolution of human capital and, in particular, the search for better employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Return migration and employment mobility: a pan-European analysis (2023)

    Jephcote, Calvin ; Williams, Allan M. ; Li, Gang ; Janta, Hania ;

    Zitatform

    Jephcote, Calvin, Allan M. Williams, Gang Li & Hania Janta (2023): Return migration and employment mobility: a pan-European analysis. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 49, H. 17, S. 4435-4459. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2022.2142104

    Abstract

    "Although there has been increasing focus on the employment mobility associated with migration and return, a number of important research gaps can be identified. First, there has been greater focus on occupational mobility than on changes in economic activity, although it is their interaction which determines welfare outcomes. Moreover, most studies of economic activity have focused on either self-employment, or the simple dichotomy between being employed versus unemployed, neglecting the shifts between full-time, part-time, and casual employment. Secondly, research on the determinants of these different types of employment mobility has been relatively narrowly focused on individual economic factors. Most studies have been fragmented, especially lacking a comparative element. To address these gaps, descriptive statistics and Bayesian multilevel models are applied to a pan-European panel survey of 3851 young returned migrants. The findings disclose that positive shifts in employment mobility are more evident in economic activity than in occupations, and for those with a lower occupational status prior to migration. Although a range of significant determinants of employment mobility are identified, the findings also demonstrate that education is a major driver of occupational mobility, while marital and family status are important influences on economic activity shifts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Ein konsistentes Datenmodel für die Arbeitsmarktprojektion (2023)

    Kalinowski, Michael; Maier, Tobias ; Bernardt, Florian;

    Zitatform

    Kalinowski, Michael, Florian Bernardt & Tobias Maier (2023): Ein konsistentes Datenmodel für die Arbeitsmarktprojektion. In: G. Zika, M. Hummel, T. Maier & M. I. Wolter (Hrsg.) (2023): Das QuBe-Projekt: Modelle, Module, Methoden, S. 33-54.

    Abstract

    "Das Alleinstellungsmerkmal der Qualifikations- und Berufsprojektionen ist neben der Berücksichtigung der beruflichen Mobilität zwischen erlerntem und ausgeübtem Beruf die Überführung unterschiedlicher Datenquellen in einen gemeinsamen, harmonisierten Datensatz. Dieser Beitrag stellt zunächst die verwendeten Klassifikationen und Datenquellen mit ihren Vor- und Nachteilen vor und beschreibt anschließend das Vorgehen bei der Harmonisierung der unterschiedlichen offiziellen Statistiken, sowohl auf Bundes- als auch auf regionaler Ebene." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Escaping uncertainty through downward mobility? Occupational mobility upon transition to permanent employment in Germany and in Poland (2023)

    Kopycka, Katarzyna ;

    Zitatform

    Kopycka, Katarzyna (2023): Escaping uncertainty through downward mobility? Occupational mobility upon transition to permanent employment in Germany and in Poland. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 83. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2023.100768

    Abstract

    "Extending existing research on transitions from temporary to permanent employment this article investigates the social mobility dimension of these transitions. Specifically, it asks whether certain individuals experience downward occupational mobility while moving from temporary to permanent employment in the two countries under study, Germany and Poland. The empirical analysis of the employment histories of young individuals until age 35 involves event history modelling using Cox proportional hazards methodology and is conducted on data from the German Socioeconomic Panel (G-SOEP) and the Polish Panel Survey (POLPAN) for the period 2003–2017/2018. In the study, transitions to permanent employment with and without downward occupational mobility are defined as competing events and modeled separately. The analysis reveals that ten per cent and as much as seventeen per cent of moves to permanent employment in Germany and Poland, respectively, are accompanied by a loss in occupational status. A higher prevalence of downward mobility in Poland may result from a weaker welfare state there which is less decommodifying. Furthermore, a low level of individual economic vulnerability decreases the transition rate to permanent employment involving a drop in occupational status. In Poland, the high socioeconomic position of the family of origin deters from changing to an unlimited contract with downward mobility. In Germany, married or partnered individuals who enjoy a high household income bear a lower risk of transitioning to permanent employment with status loss." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Help from the past - coworker ties and entry wages after self-employment (2023)

    Lappi, Emma ;

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    Lappi, Emma (2023): Help from the past - coworker ties and entry wages after self-employment. In: Small business economics, Jg. 60, H. 3, S. 1171-1196. DOI:10.1007/s11187-022-00652-3

    Abstract

    "This paper empirically estimates how referrals mitigate the risk associated with hiring formerly self-employed individuals. We do this by comparing the networks and entry wages for two groups of new hires: those who exit self-employment to become wage-employed and those who change employers as wage employees, i.e., job changers. Referrals are defined as coworker ties through which the new hire and an incumbent worker share a common employment history before their current employment. We use longitudinal Swedish register-based data to evaluate the entry wages of the two groups of new hires for the years between 2010 and 2013. The results show that having coworker ties is associated with 2.9% higher entry wages and that this network premium is uniform across the formerly self-employed and job changers. However, the new hires from self-employment have consistently lower entry wages than the job changers, even if the exiting self-employed have coworker ties." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Challenging transitions? Assessing the occupational mobility patterns of US immigrants by gender (2023)

    Lee, Annie S. ; Breau, Sébastien; Rodgers, William M.;

    Zitatform

    Lee, Annie S., William M. Rodgers & Sébastien Breau (2023): Challenging transitions? Assessing the occupational mobility patterns of US immigrants by gender. In: International Migration, Jg. 61, H. 6, S. 155-174. DOI:10.1111/imig.13154

    Abstract

    "This article uses the New Immigrant Survey to assess the occupational mobility of US immigrants. Estimates from OLS and Heckman selection models show the occupational mobility of immigrants follows a U-shaped pattern: immigrants arriving in the United States see their occupational status decline before it gradually improves. However, even 9 years after coming to the United States, the occupational status of immigrants remains lower than prior to their arrival in the country. Our findings also suggest that immigrant women with higher occupational status tend to move more often to the United States than immigrant men. Conversely, immigrant women are more likely than men to experience career interruptions after migration. Finally, occupational employment growth rates (defined as the growth rate in the number of jobs for an occupation) have a positive impact on both men and women immigrants' ability to recover their occupational status, though the impact appears to be greater for immigrant women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Variants of Gender Bias and Sexual-Orientation Discrimination in Career Development (2023)

    Litsardopoulos, Nicholas; Saridakis, George; Clark, Andrew E. ;

    Zitatform

    Litsardopoulos, Nicholas, George Saridakis & Andrew E. Clark (2023): Variants of Gender Bias and Sexual-Orientation Discrimination in Career Development. In: The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, Jg. 23, H. 4, S. 1175-1185. DOI:10.1515/bejeap-2023-0026

    Abstract

    "We use a nationally-representative dataset that includes a large sample of sexual-orientation minorities to investigate gender bias and sexual-orientation discrimination in career progression. Our results are consistent with persistent gender bias findings and non-heterosexual identity-based employment discrimination. Our findings are consistent with previous work noting that protective legislation for gay and lesbian sexual identities have increased the cost of discrimination and contribute to the improved socioeconomic status of a substantial number of people in these minority groups. However, these gains have not been shared with other minority groups in the LGB+ community, which still have some of the lowest probabilities of holding managerial jobs, and higher probabilities of appearing in lower socioeconomic classes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Do all job changes increase wellbeing? (2023)

    Longhi, Simonetta; Connolly, Sara; Bryan, Mark ; Gedikli, Cigdem; Nandi, Alita;

    Zitatform

    Longhi, Simonetta, Alita Nandi, Mark Bryan, Sara Connolly & Cigdem Gedikli (2023): Do all job changes increase wellbeing? In: Industrial Relations online erschienen am 14.12.2023. DOI:10.1111/irel.12354

    Abstract

    "We provide a comprehensive framework, based on person–Environment fit, for evaluating the relationship between types of job change and wellbeing, and estimate it using fixed‐effects methods applied to UK longitudinal data. Changing job is associated with large swings in job satisfaction, but not all job changes are equal. Changes in workplace are associated with increased job satisfaction only when they are associated with a change in job role. The largest associations are for changing employers. These associations extend beyond job satisfaction to mental health and, to a lesser extent, life satisfaction. Changes in broader wellbeing are especially pronounced for women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Berufliche Mobilität (2023)

    Maier, Tobias ;

    Zitatform

    Maier, Tobias (2023): Berufliche Mobilität. In: G. Zika, M. Hummel, T. Maier & M. I. Wolter (Hrsg.) (2023): Das QuBe-Projekt: Modelle, Module, Methoden, S. 94-106.

    Abstract

    "Das Alleinstellungsmerkmal der Qualifikations- und Berufsprojektionen ist die Bilanzierung des Arbeitsangebots mit dem -bedarf auf Berufsebene. Zu diesem Zweck muss das Arbeitsangebot nach erlerntem Beruf aus dem Bildungssystem über berufliche Mobilitätsmatrizen in ein potenzielles Arbeitsangebot für einen bestimmten Beruf umgerechnet werden. Die Wechselwahrscheinlichkeiten zwischen erlerntem und ausgeübtem Beruf werden über den Mikrozensus gewonnen und in die Zukunft fortgeschrieben. Für die Fortschreibung spielt die veränderte soziodemografische Zusammensetzung der Erwerbspersonen, aber auch die Lohnentwicklung in den Berufen eine Rolle." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Indikatoren für berufliche Arbeitsmärkte auf Basis der QuBe-Modellwelt (2023)

    Maier, Tobias ; Mönnig, Anke; Kalinowski, Michael; Zika, Gerd;

    Zitatform

    Maier, Tobias, Michael Kalinowski, Anke Mönnig & Gerd Zika (2023): Indikatoren für berufliche Arbeitsmärkte auf Basis der QuBe-Modellwelt. In: G. Zika, M. Hummel, T. Maier & M. I. Wolter (Hrsg.) (2023): Das QuBe-Projekt: Modelle, Module, Methoden, S. 210-222.

    Abstract

    "Um berufliche Passungsprobleme frühzeitig erkennen, aber auch in ihrem Zustandekommen verstehen zu können, bedarf es der Betrachtung einer Reihe von Indikatoren. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Indikatoren vor, welche vor allem im Hinblick auf eine Arbeitsmarktprognose in der mittleren Frist Anwendung finden, aber auch für einen längeren Betrachtungszeitraum genutzt werden können. Dabei handelt es sich um Zukunftsindikatoren, die zur Einordnung von Fokusberufen mit Engpässen oder Überhängen führen, Bestimmungsindikatoren, welche das Zustandekommen der Arbeitsmarktsituation erklären, und Ergänzungsindikatoren, welche zur umfassenden Einschätzung der Arbeitsmarktsituation beitragen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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    Zika, Gerd;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Going From Entrepreneur Back to Employee: Employer Type, Task Variety, and Job Satisfaction (2023)

    Melillo, Francesca;

    Zitatform

    Melillo, Francesca (2023): Going From Entrepreneur Back to Employee: Employer Type, Task Variety, and Job Satisfaction. (Les GREDEG working papers 2023-21), Vabonne, 37 S.

    Abstract

    "While the literature documents a wage loss for entrepreneurs that return to paid employment, we examine how these entrepreneurs are re-integrated into the labor market. We consider which type of employers hire entrepreneurs and their satisfaction with the new corporate job. Using matched employer-employee data from Belgium combined with an ad-hoc survey, we find that entrepreneurs are hired by smaller employers that offer fewer employee benefits and pay less, contributing to explaining the wage loss. We also find that entrepreneurs are more satisfied than observationally equivalent employees when they are assigned to jobs that involve higher task variety. This effect is more pronounced for entrepreneurs who sort into better employers. Our findings highlight the importance for managers to assign entrepreneurs to the "right" job tasks." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Women as leaders in male-dominated sectors: A bifocal analysis of gendered organizational practices (2023)

    O'Brien, Wendy; Apostolopoulos, Vasso; Hanlon, Clare;

    Zitatform

    O'Brien, Wendy, Clare Hanlon & Vasso Apostolopoulos (2023): Women as leaders in male-dominated sectors: A bifocal analysis of gendered organizational practices. In: Gender, work & organization, Jg. 30, H. 6, S. 1867-1884. DOI:10.1111/gwao.13019

    Abstract

    "Women in male‐dominated sectors face significant challenges to progress their leadership aspirations. While organizations have activated policies and practices that ostensibly assist women to progress, they still face entrenched gendered practices and cultures that create ongoing obstacles. In this paper, we examine the gendered social practices from insights of 15 women leaders in Australia as they attempt to advance their careers. In particular, on formal policies, informal practices, narratives and social interactions, and informal patterns of unconscious bias and merit, they negotiate in three male‐dominated sectors: Trades, Sport, and Surgery. The findings indicate a disconnect between policies and their application. Women were conflicted about the importance of quotas, and often felt unable to access flexible work arrangements upon returning to work after parental leave. Career pathways were often unclear, and women felt a lack of support from their organization, particularly when they attempted to navigate dominant masculine cultures. Drawing on these findings, we argue that executive leaders are central to changing the systemic sexism and discrimination in organizations that persist in male‐dominated sectors. To create organizational changes necessary for women to step into leadership roles, we propose four target areas: create accessible and visible career pathways, provide networking support, activate mentoring opportunities, and address unconscious bias." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Bessere Perspektiven bei Jobwechseln - Zur Ähnlichkeit beruflicher Übergänge (2023)

    Ortmann, Tobias; Hammer, Luisa; Hügle, Dominik; Bönke, Timm;

    Zitatform

    Ortmann, Tobias, Timm Bönke, Dominik Hügle & Luisa Hammer (2023): Bessere Perspektiven bei Jobwechseln - Zur Ähnlichkeit beruflicher Übergänge. Gütersloh, 23 S. DOI:10.11586/2023030

    Abstract

    "Die vorliegende Studie analysiert die Distanz beruflicher Wechsel sowie hieraus resultierende Einkommens- und Beschäftigungseffekte auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt. Dabei zeigt sich: Ein Jobwechsel macht sich vor allem dann bezahlt, wenn Arbeitnehmer:innen an vorhandene Kompetenzen anknüpfen, also in verwandte Tätigkeiten wechseln. Das Lohnplus fällt dann um durchschnittlich 3.500 Euro brutto pro Jahr höher aus als bei einem Wechsel in nicht verwandte Berufe. Gleichzeitig steigt die jährliche Arbeitszeit im Vergleich um mehr als sechs Tage. Allerdings profitieren in erster Linie Fachkräfte und Spezialisten von einem Jobwechsel. Helfer:innen sind dagegen benachteiligt: Sie wechseln den Job doppelt so häufig wie Fachkräfte und starten besonders oft in für sie fremden Berufen – zumeist ohne Aufstiegschancen. Auch Frauen sind bei Berufswechseln oft schlechter gestellt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Labor Mobility and Earnings in the UK, 1992–2017 (2023)

    Postel-Vinay, Fabien; Sepahsalari, Alireza;

    Zitatform

    Postel-Vinay, Fabien & Alireza Sepahsalari (2023): Labor Mobility and Earnings in the UK, 1992–2017. In: The Economic Journal, Jg. 133, H. 656, S. 3071-3098. DOI:10.1093/ej/uead052

    Abstract

    "We combine information from the British Household Panel Study and the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study (also known as Understanding Society) to construct consistent time series of aggregate worker stocks, worker flows and earnings in the United Kingdom over the period 1992–2017. We propose a method to harmonize data between the British Household Panel Study and United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study, which we validate by checking the consistency of some of our headline time series with equivalent series produced from other sources, notably by the Office for National Statistics. In addition to drawing a detailed aggregate picture of the United Kingdom labor market over the past two and a half decades, we use our constructed data set to compare the impact of industry, occupation and employer tenure on wages in the United Kingdom. We find that returns to occupation tenure are substantial. All else equal, five years of occupation tenure are associated with a 3.3% increase in wages. We also find that industry tenure plays a non-negligible part in driving wage growth." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Vocational education, tertiary education, and skill use across career stages (2023)

    Schulz, Wiebke ; Solga, Heike ; Pollak, Reinhard ;

    Zitatform

    Schulz, Wiebke, Heike Solga & Reinhard Pollak (2023): Vocational education, tertiary education, and skill use across career stages. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 39, H. 5, S. 741-758. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcac074

    Abstract

    "Vocational education enhances smooth transitions into the labour market. However, this initial advantage might vanish over the career and eventually turn into a disadvantage because the skills of vocationally trained workers become outdated faster. So far, research has examined this potential vocational trade-off by assessing labour market outcomes such as employment and income. This study uses a different approach, it directly examines how different types of skills used at work change over the career of vocationally trained workers compared to tertiary-educated workers, and how career events shape skill-use changes. With data from the German National Education Study (NEPS), we examine five skills use dimensions based on job-tasks measures: analytical, creative, managerial, interactive, and manual skills. We find that skill-use differentials between vocational and tertiary-educated workers are only small to modest. The clearest differences relate to analytical and manual skills. Looking across career stages, the observed skill-use differentials remain rather stable across career stages—thus, the vocational skill trade-off thesis is only partially supported. Occupational mobility and unemployment contribute to observable changes, whereas job-related further training does not. Our results challenge skill-based explanations of a vocational trade-off." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Assessing the impact of technological change on similar occupations: Implications for employment alternatives (2023)

    Torosyan, Karine; Wang, Sicheng ; Mack, Elizabeth A.; Baker, Nathan; Van Fossen, Jenna A.;

    Zitatform

    Torosyan, Karine, Sicheng Wang, Elizabeth A. Mack, Jenna A. Van Fossen & Nathan Baker (2023): Assessing the impact of technological change on similar occupations: Implications for employment alternatives. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 18. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0291428

    Abstract

    "Background: The fast-changing labor market highlights the need for an in-depth understanding of occupational mobility impacted by technological change. However, we lack a multidimensional classification scheme that considers similarities of occupations comprehensively, which prevents us from predicting employment trends and mobility across occupations. This study fills the gap by examining employment trends based on similarities between occupations. Method: We first demonstrated a new method that clusters 756 occupation titles based on knowledge, skills, abilities, education, experience, training, activities, values, and interests. We used the Principal Component Analysis to categorize occupations in the Standard Occupational Classification, which is grouped into a four-level hierarchy. Then, we paired the occupation clusters with the occupational employment projections provided by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. We analyzed how employment would change and what factors affect the employment changes within occupation groups. Particularly, we specified factors related to technological changes. Results: The results reveal that technological change accounts for significant job losses in some clusters. This poses occupational mobility challenges for workers in these jobs at present. Job losses for nearly 60% of current employment will occur in low-skill, low-wage occupational groups. Meanwhile, many mid-skilled and highly skilled jobs are projected to grow in the next ten years. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the utility of our occupational classification scheme. Furthermore, it suggests a critical need for skills upgrading and workforce development for workers in declining jobs. Special attention should be paid to vulnerable workers, such as older individuals and minorities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Das IAB-LinkedIn-Branchenwechsel-Radar: "Great Resignation" ist kein Trend (2023)

    Weber, Enzo ; Erer, Murat;

    Zitatform

    Weber, Enzo & Murat Erer (2023): Das IAB-LinkedIn-Branchenwechsel-Radar: "Great Resignation" ist kein Trend. In: IAB-Forum H. 14.08.2023 Nürnberg. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20230814.01

    Abstract

    "Die "Great Resignation"-Debatte legt nahe, dass Beschäftigte in der Corona-Krise vermehrt die Branche, in der sie bis dato tätig waren, gewechselt hätten. Das trifft für Deutschland nicht zu, wie das neue IAB-LinkedIn-Branchenwechsel-Radar zeigt. Mit ihm lässt sich das aktuelle Wechselgeschehen am Arbeitsmarkt künftig zeitnah abbilden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Weber, Enzo ;
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