Arbeitsbedingungen und Gesundheit von Beschäftigten
Der Zusammenhang von Arbeitsbedingungen bzw. Arbeitsbelastungen und der Gesundheit von Beschäftigten erhält durch die demografische Entwicklung, Digitalisierung und Klimawandel neues Gewicht. Wie muss Arbeit gestaltet sein, damit die Beschäftigten langfristig und gesund erwerbstätig sein können?
Dieses Themendossier dokumentiert die Ergebnisse empirischer Forschung der letzten Jahre.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
-
Literaturhinweis
In their own words: What Workers Like and Dislike about their Jobs (2026)
Zitatform
Belot, Michèle, Xiaoying Liu & Vaios Triantafyllou (2026): In their own words: What Workers Like and Dislike about their Jobs. (CEPR discussion paper / Centre for Economic Policy Research 21044), London, 18 S.
Abstract
"This paper provides novel evidence on the key drivers of job satisfaction. We ask individuals to describe, in their own words, what they like and dislike about their jobs. These open-ended questions allow us to capture what comes to mind most naturally. We analyze the resulting free-text responses using GPT-4 to identify and classify categories of job amenities. Our main study draws on a sample of 500 full-time U.S.-based employees aged 30 to 55. We find that flexible work arrangements, workplace relationships, and autonomy consistently rank among the most valued aspects of work, while poor workplace relationships, long work hours, and heavy workloads dominate the list of dislikes and rank above factors such as pay. Our approach offers a fresh lens on what job amenities workers are most satisfied and dissatisfied with." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Can different types of employee involvement in decision-making suppress the effects of work intensification and job insecurity on employee well-being? An analysis of the European Working Conditions Survey 2021 (2026)
Zitatform
Boxall, Peter, Gordon W. Cheung, Md Shamirul Islam, Kenneth Cafferkey & Keith Townsend (2026): Can different types of employee involvement in decision-making suppress the effects of work intensification and job insecurity on employee well-being? An analysis of the European Working Conditions Survey 2021. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, S. 1-31. DOI:10.1177/0143831x261421726
Abstract
"Work intensification and job insecurity undermine the quality of working life. To what extent can different types of employee involvement in decision-making ameliorate their impacts on employee well-being? Deploying job demands–resources theory and interrogating the European Working Conditions Survey 2021, this study shows that work intensification and job insecurity reduce well-being via lower work engagement and higher exhaustion. While each enhances job quality, individual organizational influence has a greater effect than task discretion in suppressing the negative effects of work intensification. The largest gains for employee and societal well-being will come through greater worker involvement at this level of participation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Early retirement for workers in physically demanding jobs? An ageing society conundrum (2026)
Zitatform
Dalen, Hendrik P. van & Kène Henkens (2026): Early retirement for workers in physically demanding jobs? An ageing society conundrum. In: Ageing & Society, Jg. 46, S. 1-22. DOI:10.1017/s0144686x25100378
Abstract
"To what extent should workers in physically demanding jobs be given the possibility of earlier retirement? This is one of the many pressing pension reform issues that ageing societies face. This article examines the extent to which such special treatment is supported by the general public. We uniquely combine a representative survey (2,136 respondents) with a vignette study to explore what respondents in the Netherlands consider a fair public pension age for 29 jobs that differ by level of physical demand. We also examine whether these pension ages are associated with other attributes that are important in an ageing society, such as the presence of chronic health conditions and informal care-giving responsibilities – such attributes may affect support for the special provisions for workers in physically demanding jobs – and control for stereotypical views about older workers. The findings reveal notable differences in public pension ages, indicating that workers in highly physically demanding jobs should be given the opportunity to retire earlier and those working in physically ‘light’ jobs should work slightly beyond the standard public pension age. We compare these differences to existing special retirement programmes for physically demanding or arduous jobs. Interestingly, non-work factors – namely, chronic health conditions and care-giving responsibilities – weigh more heavily in deciding a fair or reasonable public pension age. This suggests that organizations and policy makers facing an ageing society will have to deal with a broader set of problems than can be solved by offering early retirement programmes for specific jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
How ICT shapes wages, working conditions, and job satisfaction (2026)
Zitatform
Fleche, Sarah, Eva Moreno Galbis, Ariell Reshef & Claudia Senik (2026): How ICT shapes wages, working conditions, and job satisfaction. (CEP discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance 2143), London, 59 S.
Abstract
"We study how the widespread diffusion of ICT affects wages, working conditions, and job satisfaction. We frame our empirical investigation with a model in which ICT can improve both wages and working conditions by increasing firms' output. Using French matched employer-employee data and an instrumental variable approach that is motivated by the model, we find that ICT diffusion in 2013-2019 has been beneficial to workers, who experienced both higher wages and better working conditions, particularly through greater flexibility, physical comfort, and safety. In contrast, ICT use has also increased psychological stress and work intensity. These effects vary across workers, firms, occupations and sectors, depending on their characteristics. Despite overall improvements in wages and working conditions, we estimate only modest positive effects of ICT use on job satisfaction. We discuss potential explanations for this finding." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Self-employment, health, and health care: When the going gets tough, the tough get going? (2026)
Zitatform
Garrouste, Clémentine, Alain Paraponaris & Nicolas Sirven (2026): Self-employment, health, and health care: When the going gets tough, the tough get going? In: Economics and Human Biology, Jg. 60. DOI:10.1016/j.ehb.2025.101567
Abstract
"This study provides a life-course analysis of the relationship between self-employment, health, and health care use among individuals aged 50 and older in Europe. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we apply first-difference and dynamic panel data models that go beyond standard approaches in mitigating endogeneity concerns. Our findings show that the self-employed enjoy better health at younger ages, consistent with a selection effect. In addition, they experience a steeper decline in physical health over time. We also document two distinct phases of health care use: during working life, the self-employed are more likely to be hospitalised, suggesting delayed care until acute needs arise; after retirement, the number of medical visits increases, consistent with a lower opportunity cost of care." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Associations Between Employment and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Reviews (2026)
Gerdes, Ryan ; Doroshenko, Alexander ; Els, Charl ; Jackson, Tanya D. ; Gross, Douglas P. ; Lytvyak, Ellina ; Straube, Sebastian ; Hagtvedt, Reidar ; Burton, A. Kim ; Roberts, Richard ; Dennett, Liz ; Deibert, Danika ;Zitatform
Gerdes, Ryan, Tanya D. Jackson, Richard Roberts, Ellina Lytvyak, Danika Deibert, Liz Dennett, A. Kim Burton, Douglas P. Gross, Charl Els, Alexander Doroshenko, Reidar Hagtvedt & Sebastian Straube (2026): Associations Between Employment and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Reviews. In: Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, S. 1-22. DOI:10.1007/s10926-025-10357-5
Abstract
"The subject of employment as a determinant of health has received considerable attention from researchers. To our knowledge, a comprehensive synthesis of evidence on the health effects of employment has not been completed in almost 20 years. This systematic review aimed to provide an up-to-date summary of the associations between employment status and any measurable domain of health. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, and APA PsycINFO. We included peer-reviewed, full-text systematic reviews or overviews published in English between January 2012 and November 2024. Two reviewers independently screened resultant publications and extracted data from those found eligible for the review. Our search yielded 1862 reviews and meta-analyses, 49 of which were eligible for synthesis. Employment status was associated with several health domains including general health and wellbeing, mental health, alcohol and substance use disorders, cardiovascular health, systemic inflammation, sleep quality, cognitive functioning, and mortality. Being employed was almost universally associated with favourable physical and mental health outcomes, with evidence to suggest re-employment may facilitate improvements in health after a period of unemployment. Socioeconomic status was a notable factor which affected health outcomes for both employed and unemployed people, illustrative of social gradients in health. Insecure or low-quality work demonstrated the potential to override identified health benefits of work. Heterogeneity in the operationalization of employment across publications, and the influence of survivorship bias on health outcomes highlights a task for future research to establish causality in the relationship between employment status and health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Bleiben, gehen oder weniger arbeiten? Arbeitsqualität und berufliche Veränderungswünsche in Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufen (2026)
Zitatform
Hall, Anja & Ana Santiago-Vela (2026): Bleiben, gehen oder weniger arbeiten? Arbeitsqualität und berufliche Veränderungswünsche in Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufen. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 79, H. 1, S. 53-61. DOI:10.5771/0342-300x-2026-1-53
Abstract
"Die Arbeitsqualität in Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufen ist angesichts der Fachkräfteengpässe in diesen systemrelevanten Bereichen ein zentrales Thema, das durch die Covid-19-Pandemie verstärkt in den Fokus der Öffentlichkeit gerückt ist. Dieser Beitrag untersucht auf Basis der BIBB/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragungen für die Jahre 2018 und 2024 die Entwicklung der Arbeitsqualität in Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufen und anderen Berufen. Zudem werden die Auswirkungen unbesetzter Stellen im Arbeitsumfeld auf die Berufswechselabsicht und den Wunsch nach Arbeitszeitverkürzung analysiert, sowie die Rolle von Arbeitsqualitätsmerkmalen in diesem Zusammenhang betrachtet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die Arbeitsqualität in Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufen nach der Covid-19-Pandemie kaum verändert hat, während sie sich in anderen Berufen in vielen Bereichen verbesserte. Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufe zeichnen sich weiterhin durch hohe Anforderungen und eingeschränkte Autonomie sowie geringere Zufriedenheit mit dem Einkommen aus, zugleich jedoch auch durch höhere Zufriedenheit mit den Lernmöglichkeiten am Arbeitsplatz. Unbesetzte Stellen werden in Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufen häufiger nicht besetzt, was die Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine Arbeitszeitverkürzung erhöht. Dies wiederum verschärft das Problem des Fachkräftemangels." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Großbefragungen zur Arbeitssituation von Menschen mit gesundheitlicher Beeinträchtigung und Behinderung in Deutschland - Erweiterung des Analysepotenzials (2026)
Zitatform
Hünefeld, Lena, Alper Eker & Sophie Teborg (2026): Großbefragungen zur Arbeitssituation von Menschen mit gesundheitlicher Beeinträchtigung und Behinderung in Deutschland - Erweiterung des Analysepotenzials. In: Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz, S. 1-11. DOI:10.1007/s00103-026-04202-0
Abstract
"Einleitung: Eine fundierte und inklusive Gestaltung von Arbeitsplätzen erfordert eingehendes Wissen über die Arbeitssituation – erfasst durch geeignete, aktuelle Indikatoren. Befragungsdaten ermöglichen eine differenzierte Beschreibung dieser Situation und das Nachvollziehen von Entwicklungen im Zeitverlauf. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist eine systematische Übersicht über Großbefragungen zur Arbeitssituation von Menschen mit Beeinträchtigung und Behinderung in Deutschland sowie eine Untersuchung des Analysepotenzials. Methoden: Insgesamt 15 Großbefragungen, die eine Identifizierung von Personen mit Beeinträchtigung ermöglichen und Informationen zur Arbeitssituation liefern, wurden systematisch analysiert. Dabei wurden die Befragungen anhand eines induktiv und deduktiv entwickelten Kategoriensystems betrachtet, das die Themen „Beeinträchtigung/Behinderung“, „Arbeitssituation“ und „individuelle Merkmale“ abdeckt. Ferner wurde unterschieden, ob die Befragungen die Zielgruppen „Menschen mit Beeinträchtigung“, „Menschen mit selbsteingeschätzter Behinderung“ und/oder „Menschen mit fremdeingeschätzter Behinderung“ einbeziehen. Ergebnisse: Für den Zeitraum 2018 bis 2024 lassen sich 7 relevante Befragungen identifizieren, die in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß differenzierte Informationen zu allen 3 Zielgruppen und ihrer Arbeitssituation auf dem ersten Arbeitsmarkt enthalten. Diskussion: Deutlich werden Lücken in den Befragungsdaten, insbesondere im Hinblick auf inklusive betriebliche Rahmenbedingungen oder Arbeitsplatzanpassungen. Bestehende Großerhebungen müssten daher systematisch erweitert werden – inhaltlich durch differenzierte Items, aberauch methodisch durch inklusive Stichproben und Erhebungsdesigns." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Multiple work demands and early retirement intention in Germany: A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis (2026)
Zitatform
Kaboth, Arthur & Sophie-Charlotte Meyer (2026): Multiple work demands and early retirement intention in Germany: A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. In: European Journal of Ageing, Jg. 23, H. 1. DOI:10.1007/s10433-026-00915-y
Abstract
"The present study examines the association between (multiple) physical and psychosocial work demands and the preference for early retirement among older German employees. The analyses are based on data from five waves (2015–2023) of the BAuA-Working Time Survey, including 32,686 person-year observations. The dependent variable is a binary indicator reflecting preference for early retirement versus statutory or later retirement. Cross-sectional analyses apply linear probability models (LPM) per wave, while longitudinal effects are assessed using pooled OLS (POLS), random-effects (RE), and fixed-effects (FE) estimators. Robustness checks include controls for health and job satisfaction. Cross-sectional models show positive and mostly significant associations between both physical and psychosocial work demands with early retirement preference. Psychosocial demands, particularly workload pressure and emotional demands, are consistently strong predictors. In longitudinal FE analysis, multiple psychosocial work demands remain meaningful and significant. The findings underscore the importance of multiple simultaneous psychosocial job demands, rather than only focusing on isolated working conditions, in shaping early retirement preferences. Despite modest coefficient sizes, these results based on retirement intentions (not actual exit decisions) highlight the necessity of a life-course perspective and targeted interventions to promote sustainable working lives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
When caring comes at a cost: Psychological wellbeing of unpaid and paid carers and the role of social expenditure (2026)
Zitatform
Lightman, Naomi & Anthony Kevins (2026): When caring comes at a cost: Psychological wellbeing of unpaid and paid carers and the role of social expenditure. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 36, H. 2, S. 150-164. DOI:10.1177/09589287251356978
Abstract
"This study examines whether, and under what conditions, unpaid and paid care work are associated with reduced psychological wellbeing. The article begins by laying out a shared theoretical framework for understanding the psychological consequences of care among both unpaid and paid carers. It then tests the empirical implications of this framework, conducting multi-level model analysis of European Quality of Life Survey and European Social Survey data and: (1) disaggregating care work based on (a) the care recipient – i.e., adults or children – for unpaid carers and (b) the level of occupational professionalization for paid carers; and (2) examining the potential intervening role of social expenditure. Findings demonstrate that unpaid caring for adults (though not children) is associated with a marginal decrease in psychological wellbeing, but that this dynamic is limited to countries with smaller welfare states. Among paid care workers, only paraprofessionals are found to have lower levels of psychological wellbeing than comparable non-care workers – but here again increased social expenditure appears to have a significant buffering effect. Together, results reinforce the need for robust social spending to mitigate negative psychological consequences of care, while adding important nuance regarding the relevance of the type of care work being performed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
From the policy of humanization to labour flexibilization: the case of the Federal Republic of Germany (from the 1970s to the 1980s) (2026)
Llanos-Reyes, Claudio; Horstmann, Anna;Zitatform
Llanos-Reyes, Claudio & Anna Horstmann (2026): From the policy of humanization to labour flexibilization: the case of the Federal Republic of Germany (from the 1970s to the 1980s). In: Labor history, Jg. 67, H. 2, S. 240-256. DOI:10.1080/0023656x.2025.2477149
Abstract
"This paper examines how proposals for the ‘humanization of work,’ aimed at improving working conditions, were increasingly overshadowed by labor flexibilization during the 1980s. Using Germany as a case study, it explores the Federal Government’s 1974 ‘Humanization of Work’ initiative and its evolution amidst rising unemployment, technological change and neoliberal influence. Labor flexibilization, exemplified by debates over working hours, displaced efforts to improve the quality of working life. This transition reflects a broader historical shift from policies supporting worker protections to those favouring capitalist accumulation and deregulation. By analyzing political, academic and trade union perspectives from the 1970s and 1980s, this paper highlights how neoliberal agendas reshaped labor relations, diminishing the focus on worker-centered approaches. These findings underscore pivotal changes in labour policies and their lasting impact on work and workers’ rights." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Digital Monitoring and Job Satisfaction: The Role of Job Characteristics (2026)
Zitatform
Meyer, Sophie-Charlotte, Charlotte K. Schröder & Anja-Kristin Abendroth (2026): Digital Monitoring and Job Satisfaction: The Role of Job Characteristics. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 182, H. 2. DOI:10.1007/s11205-026-03833-9
Abstract
"This paper investigates how digital monitoring in the workplace relates to employee job satisfaction, drawing on employee survey data from large organizations in Germany. We distinguish between two dimensions of digital monitoring: (1) the automatic storage of work-related data and (2) employees’ perception of this monitoring as constant surveillance. Results from linear mixed-effects regression models show that both dimensions are negatively associated with job satisfaction, with the perception of constant surveillance showing a stronger relationship. We further explore how three key job characteristics, i.e., job autonomy, supervisor appreciation, and perceived stress, relate to the association between digital monitoring and job satisfaction, as they may themselves be shaped by monitoring practices. We find that these job characteristics are consistently associated with job satisfaction and also appear to account for a large part of the observed negative association between digital monitoring and job satisfaction, with job autonomy playing the most influential role. Interaction models provide limited evidence of moderation, suggesting that the negative association between perceived surveillance and job satisfaction is somewhat stronger among employees with low autonomy. Overall, our findings indicate that minimizing perceptions of constant surveillance and preserving job autonomy are crucial to maintaining job satisfaction in increasingly digitalized work environments." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Minimum Wages and Work Pressure (2026)
Zitatform
Nagler, Markus & Erwin Winkler (2026): Minimum Wages and Work Pressure. (CESifo working paper 12460), München, 27 S.
Abstract
"A large literature investigates the employment effects of minimum wages, with comparatively little evidence on other adjustment margins. In this paper, we analyze the impact of a nationwide introduction of minimum wages in Germany on employer-induced work pressure, using detailed worker-level survey data. Applying a difference-in-differences approach, we show that the introduction of minimum wages increased work pressure in occupations more exposed to the minimum wage. The increase in work pressure cannot be explained by compositional changes in terms of demographics, job complexity, or hours worked." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Human-centred digital transitions and skill mismatches in European workplaces (2026)
Zitatform
Pouliakas, Konstantinos & Giulia Santangelo (2026): Human-centred digital transitions and skill mismatches in European workplaces. (CEDEFOP working paper series / European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training 2026,01), Luxembourg, 163 S. DOI:10.2801/9894877
Abstract
"New digital and artificial intelligence technologies are fast reshaping skill requirements in the EU labour market, fostering skill mismatches. There are marked concerns about the potentially adverse consequences of automation and AI on employment, as well as the lagging competitiveness of EU economies as individuals’ upskilling or reskilling is failing to adapt. To deepen understanding of how digitalisation is affecting the nature of work and skill mismatches in EU labour markets, Cedefop carried out the second wave of the European skills and jobs survey in 2021. In this special edition of Cedefop’s working paper series, ten original, short contributions have been drafted in which researchers explore in depth, for the first time, the ESJS2 microdata. The publication presents a wealth of focused and robust empirical analyses, covering a wide range of different issues on how the digital transition is affecting jobs, skills and training in Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Stressful work experience over time and depression in late midlife: results from a longitudinal cohort study in Germany (2026)
Zitatform
Prel, Jean-Baptist du, Johannes Siegrist, Max Rohrbacher & Hans Martin Hasselhorn (2026): Stressful work experience over time and depression in late midlife: results from a longitudinal cohort study in Germany. In: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, Jg. 61, H. 3, S. 485-495. DOI:10.1007/s00127-025-03005-z
Abstract
"Previous prospective findings of elevated risk of depression following exposure to stressful work in terms of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) were based on a single exposure measurement. With this study, we set out to analyse longitudinal associations of single and twofold exposure measurement with depression among middle-aged employees. Data were derived from the first two waves (2011 and 2014) of the prospective lidA cohort study in Germany, including 3,104 middle-aged employed men and women. Participants with depression at baseline were excluded. Work stress (effort-reward ER) ratio and work-related over-commitment (WOC) and depression (Beck’s Depression Inventory) were assessed at both waves. Time-invariant (birth year, sex, education) and time-varying covariates (employment, control, physical health) were adjusted for. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the odds of depression for single or twofold high exposure, and generalized estimation equations (GEE) to analyze mean associations between moderate and high exposure and outcome over both waves. 5.9% of male and 9.8% of female participants experienced depression during the observation period. Cases were more frequent among those scoring high on work stress measures, those with poor physical health and part-time work. In the fully adjusted GEE model, the estimated risk ratio of depression was 1.60 (95%-CI: 1.05; 2.44) for moderate and 2.49 (1.67; 3.71) for high exposure to ERI work stress on average over time. Similar effects were observed for WOC. Elevated risk ratios of depression were observed in associations with moderate and high exposure to stressful work (ERI) over time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The call on Sunday: Work-related communication during off-work hours and employee experiences (2026)
Zitatform
Shvartsman, Elena, Susanne Steffes, Philipp Grunau & Sabine Sonnentag (2026): The call on Sunday: Work-related communication during off-work hours and employee experiences. In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Jg. 245. DOI:10.1016/j.jebo.2026.107500
Abstract
"We utilize longitudinal data from Germany to examine how work-related communication during off-work time is associated with employees’ experiential outcomes in terms of work-to-family conflict, mental health, and job satisfaction. Our rich data allow us to estimate a long-term association net of various confounding factors using individual fixed effects regressions. We find a strong positive association between off-work communication and work-to-family conflict; however, we cannot establish statistically significant relationships with mental health or job satisfaction. Moreover, once we include a set of job and personal characteristics and control for unobserved individual time-invariant heterogeneity, the coefficient estimate for the relationship between off-work communication and work-to-family conflict, albeit still significant, substantially drops in size. We conclude that previous studies may have overestimated the relationship between off-work communication and the experiential outcome variables considered in this study." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
From Past to Present: How Recessions Shape Job Loss Perceptions in Europe (2026)
Zitatform
Sintos, Andreas & Michael Chletsos (2026): From Past to Present: How Recessions Shape Job Loss Perceptions in Europe. In: Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Jg. 73, H. 2. DOI:10.1111/sjpe.70043
Abstract
"Past recessions can leave enduring marks on how individuals perceive labor market risks. Drawing on survey data from 29 European countries, this article shows that recessions experienced between ages 18 and 33 heighten perceptions of job loss risk well into adulthood. The persistence of these scars depends on context: education mitigates them, technological change amplifies them, and stronger labor market protections weaken them. The findings suggest that early macroeconomic experiences shape not only economic outcomes but also persistent attitudes toward job security, with implications for resilience and policy design." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Job exposures, employer characteristics, and risk of reduced work capacity: a 10-year cohort study of Norwegian workers (2026)
Zitatform
Ulstein, Julie, Cedric Andersen Lyngroth & Åsmund Hermansen (2026): Job exposures, employer characteristics, and risk of reduced work capacity: a 10-year cohort study of Norwegian workers. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 99, H. 1. DOI:10.1007/s00420-025-02195-y
Abstract
"This study investigates the impact of biomechanical and psychosocial job exposures on risk of reduced work capacity in a complete cohort of Norwegian workers, and examines whether this impact varies by employer sector, size, and organizational policies. Using high-quality Norwegian registry data, we followed a cohort of workers from age 40 over a ten-year period. Biomechanical and psychosocial job exposures were estimated using two validated job exposure matrices. Individuals with a prior history of reduced work capacity were excluded to limit confounding. Using Cox proportional hazard models, we assessed the association between levels of job exposure and risk of reduced work capacity, including moderation analyses by employer characteristics. Both biomechanical and psychosocial job exposures were significantly associated with reduced work capacity, particularly among the top 60% of exposed workers. While employer size and organizational policies somewhat moderated this impact, their influence was inconsistent. Notably, policies aimed at retaining workers with reduced capacity did not appear to mitigate the impact of the job exposures, while there was no variation in impact according to employer sector. Biomechanical and psychosocial job exposures are associated with an increased risk of reduced work capacity, with some variation in impact according to employer characteristics. These results indicate the importance of exposure-reducing interventions in the workplace, especially in occupations with high levels of biomechanical and psychosocial exposures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Psychische Belastung bei Polizeibeschäftigten (2026)
Zitatform
(2026): Psychische Belastung bei Polizeibeschäftigten. (Kompakt : DGB-Index Gute Arbeit 2026,01), Berlin, 10 S.
Abstract
"Die Arbeit von Polizistinnen und Polizisten ist durch besondere Anforderungen gekennzeichnet. Ihre Tätigkeit ist durch Kommunikation und Interaktion mit anderen Menschen geprägt. Dabei kann es zu Konflikten und auch zu körperlichen Auseinandersetzungen kommen. Die damit verbundenen Anforderungen und Belastungen sind Gegenstand der Auswertung des DGB-Index Gute Arbeit "Psychische Belastung bei Polizeibeschäftigten". In den Befragungsdaten wird die Konflikthaftigkeit der Polizeiarbeit deutlich sichtbar. Die Hälfte der befragten Polizist*innen gibt an, bei der Arbeit sehr häufig oder oft Konflikten ausgesetzt zu sein. Bei Beschäftigten aus anderen Berufsgruppen liegt der Anteil im Durchschnitt bei 14 Prozent. Auch von respektloser Behandlung sind Polizist*innen häufiger betroffen als die Angehörigen anderer Berufe. Hohe Werte weisen Polizist*innen auch bei arbeitsbedingten psychischen Belastungen auf. Zeitdruck und widersprüchliche Anforderungen werden jeweils von mehr als der Hälfte der Befragten berichtet. Arbeitsverdichtung betrifft mehr als 40 Prozent in (sehr) hohem Maß. Die Auswertung belegt die starken psychischen und emotionalen Belastungen, mit denen Polizeibeschäftigte bei ihrer Tätigkeit konfrontiert sind, und die Notwendigkeit an einer präventiven und gesundheitsförderlichen Arbeitsgestaltung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Bullying in education: Prevalence, impact and responses across countries (2026)
Zitatform
(2026): Bullying in education: Prevalence, impact and responses across countries. (OECD education working papers 341), Paris, 56 S. DOI:10.1787/d9f8bd9f-en
Abstract
"Bullying, whether in person or online, is a barrier to inclusive, high-quality education and to cohesive societies. This OECD working paper documents bullying prevalence and trends across OECD and accession countries between 2015 and 2022, using PISA data. Regression analyses point to marked disparities in bullying exposure across student groups, with socio-economically advantaged boys with an immigrant background facing particularly elevated risks. The paper also synthesises evidence on how bullying can harm individual students, and how these individual effects can spill over to schools and, over time, generate wider social and economic costs. It then reviews strategies to prevent and respond to bullying, encompassing both national-level policies and school-based initiatives. The paper concludes with policy implications concerning a coherent anti-bullying system-level strategy, strengthened school staff capacity, school interventions combining universal prevention with targeted support, routine prevalence monitoring and robust impact evaluations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))