Arbeitsbedingungen und Gesundheit von Beschäftigten
Der Zusammenhang von Arbeitsbedingungen bzw. Arbeitsbelastungen und der Gesundheit von Beschäftigten erhält durch die demografische Entwicklung, Digitalisierung und Klimawandel neues Gewicht. Wie muss Arbeit gestaltet sein, damit die Beschäftigten langfristig und gesund erwerbstätig sein können?
Dieses Themendossier dokumentiert die Ergebnisse empirischer Forschung der letzten Jahre.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
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Literaturhinweis
The Job Demand-Resources (JD-R) model through the eyes of financial advisers: A scoping review (2025)
Arthur, Phoebe; Morrison, Ben; Earl, Joanne K.;Zitatform
Arthur, Phoebe, Ben Morrison & Joanne K. Earl (2025): The Job Demand-Resources (JD-R) model through the eyes of financial advisers: A scoping review. In: Australian journal of management. DOI:10.1177/03128962251350337
Abstract
"This scoping review examines the job demands and resources impacting financial advisers through the lens of the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model. Given the significant challenges facing financial advisers, this review identifies key factors contributing to job stress, satisfaction and turnover in the profession. A comprehensive desktop review and thematic analysis of 53 peer-reviewed articles revealed core job demands such as compliance, emotional strain, and work overload, alongside critical job resources like professional development, support and technology. In addition, personal resources, including self-efficacy and optimism, are explored as potential moderators. The findings offer insights into the complex dynamics within the financial advisory industry, providing a foundation for future studies that may look to enhance job satisfaction and retention." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Health patterns in the working population: latent class analysis of physical and psychological complaints in Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Beller, Johannes, Batoul Safieddine, Julia Grasshoff & Jelena Epping (2025): Health patterns in the working population: latent class analysis of physical and psychological complaints in Germany. In: Journal of Public Health, S. 1-11. DOI:10.1007/s10389-025-02472-7
Abstract
"Aim: This study aimed to identify distinct patterns of health complaints among German workers and investigate their associations with socioeconomic factors. Subject and methods: Latent class analysis was performed on data from the BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey, which included 19,320 employed respondents aged 15 years and above. The analysis considered 21 physical and psychological health complaints, such as headache, back pain, fatigue, irritability, and depressiveness. The identified health complaint classes were compared via sociodemographic indicators, including age, gender, occupation, working hours, and education. Results: Four classes of health complaints were identified: “Low Overall Complaints” (low prevalence of all complaints; 40% of the sample), “Physical Complaints” (high prevalence of physical complaints but low prevalence of psychological complaints; 25% of the sample), “Psychological Complaints” (high prevalence of psychological complaints but low prevalence of physical complaints; 20% of the sample), and “High Overall Complaints” (high prevalence of both physical and psychological complaints; 15% of the sample). The classes differed most strongly according to occupational group, gender and education. Participants in high-skilled white-collar occupations were more likely to belong to the Low Overall Complaints and Psychological Complaints classes, while those in blue-collar occupations were more likely to belong to the Physical Complaints and High Overall Complaints classes. Conclusion: This study revealed four distinct patterns of health complaints in the German working population, differing in severity (low symptom burden vs. high symptom burden) as well as content (physical vs. psychological symptoms). A substantial proportion of workers experienced multiple physical, psychological, or overall health issues (60%). The differences between the classes were primarily related to occupation, highlighting the importance of occupational health research for public health. As the world of work evolves with an increasing proportion of high-skilled white-collar occupations, a rise in psychological health complaints is anticipated in the future." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational-class trends in diagnosis-specific sickness absence in Finland: a register-based observational study in 2011–2021 (2025)
Zitatform
Blomgren, Jenni & Riku Perhoniemi (2025): Occupational-class trends in diagnosis-specific sickness absence in Finland: a register-based observational study in 2011–2021. In: BMJ open, Jg. 15, H. 2. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-098001
Abstract
"Objectives: To examine the prevalence and days of long-term sickness absence (LTSA) by occupational class and by most important diagnostic groups in Finland during 2011–2021. Design: Population-based cross-sectional study. Setting and participants: National comprehensive register data were linked for all employed persons and entrepreneurs in Finland aged 25–64 for years 2011–2021 (yearly number of individuals in the study population around 2 million persons). Main outcome measures: LTSA was measured by sickness allowance that covers over 10-day long absences. Yearly age-standardised LTSA prevalences and average number of LTSA days were calculated for women and men in four occupational classes, separately for all-cause LTSA and LTSA due to mental disorders, musculoskeletal diseases and injuries. Modified Poisson regression and negative binomial regression models were run to assess relative differences between occupational classes, adjusted for age, marital status, education and region of residence. Results: All-cause LTSA slightly decreased between years 2011 and 2021, but the trends varied by occupational class and diagnostic group. LTSA due to mental disorders increased in all occupational classes after 2016 among both sexes, while LTSA due to musculoskeletal diseases and injuries continued to decrease in all occupational classes. The increase in LTSA due to mental disorders was largest among lower non-manual employees, especially among women, whereby all-cause LTSA prevalence among female lower non-manual employees reached the level of female manual workers. Men showed broadly similar trends, but manual workers still had the highest all-cause LTSA prevalence at the end of the study period. The main results were similar adjusted for covariates. Conclusions: The magnitude and order of the occupational-class differences in LTSA changed between 2011 and 2021, along with increasing LTSA due to mental disorders, especially among employees, and decreasing LTSA due to somatic diagnoses, especially among manual workers. Occupational-class differences should be taken into account when aiming to prevent LTSA and especially further increases in LTSA due to mental disorders." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment Quality and Mental Health in Germany: the Mismatch of Low Employment Quality with Work and Family Values by Gender (2025)
Zitatform
De Moortel, Deborah, Rebeka Balogh, Miriam Engels & Julie Vanderleyden (2025): Employment Quality and Mental Health in Germany: the Mismatch of Low Employment Quality with Work and Family Values by Gender. In: Social Science & Medicine, Jg. 371. DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117906
Abstract
"Empirical evidence on whether low-quality employment is detrimental to workers’ mental health is mostly cross-sectional and empirical evidence on pathways linking employment quality (EQ) to mental health remains scarce. Consequently, this study examines subsequent mental health associations of low-quality employment. Associations between EQ and mental health are investigated through a typology of employment arrangements. This study also investigates whether the relation between EQ types and subsequent mental health is different for workers with varying intensities of work and family values (i.e., importance of success at work and of having children, respectively) across genders. Using a large representative German panel dataset and Latent Class Cluster Analysis, EQ types are built and linked to mental health two years later. We assess two- and three-way interactions between EQ types and values, and between EQ types, gender and values, respectively. We found six EQ types: SER-like, precarious unsustainable, precarious full-time, SER-light, portfolio and protected part-time employment. Controlled for socio-demographic characteristics, precarious unsustainable employment for men and precarious full-time employment for women were associated to lower mental health after two years, compared to SER-like employment. Although protected part-time employment related to worse mental health for those with moderate to strong work and family values, compared to those with mild values, the interactions show an unclear pattern of the moderating role of values for the relation between EQ and subsequent mental health, for both men and women. This study should be replicated in other countries to confirm similar associations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wie steht es um die Gesundheit pflegender erwerbstätiger Personen?: Analyse einer Erwerbstätigenbefragung mittels Propensity Score Matching (2025)
Zitatform
Elling, Jan Mathis, Christian Hetzel, Sarah Hampel, Adelheid von Spee & Greta Ollertz (2025): Wie steht es um die Gesundheit pflegender erwerbstätiger Personen? Analyse einer Erwerbstätigenbefragung mittels Propensity Score Matching. In: Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie, S. 1-7. DOI:10.1007/s00391-024-02387-0
Abstract
"Hintergrund: Der Großteil der pflegebedürften Menschen in Deutschland wird zu Hause von Angehörigen oder anderen Bezugspersonen gepflegt. Viele informell Pflegende sind zudem erwerbstätig und stehen somit vor der Herausforderung, die Anforderungen beider Lebensbereiche zu vereinbaren. Dabei besteht die Gefahr, dass die eigene Gesundheit der Pflegenden leidet. Fragestellungen: (1) Inwiefern steht eine Pflegeverantwortung im privaten Umfeld bei Erwerbstätigen mit gesundheitlichen Beschwerden im Zusammenhang? (2) Innerhalb der Gruppe der pflegenden erwerbstätigen Personen, inwiefern stehen der Umfang von informeller Pflege und Erwerbsarbeit mit gesundheitlichen Beschwerden im Zusammenhang? Material und Methoden: Die Datenbasis dieser Sekundärdatenanalyse ist die BIBB/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragung 2018. Um systematische Strukturunterschiede zwischen Pflegenden und Nichtpflegenden in den Analysen zu berücksichtigen, wurde das Propensity Score Matching angewendet. Ergebnisse und Diskussion: Pflegende Erwerbstätige haben häufiger psychosomatische und körperliche Beschwerden als Erwerbstätige ohne Pflegeverantwortung. Erwerbsarbeitszeit und Pflegeumfang stehen in Beziehung zueinander, und ein hoher Umfang in beiden Lebensbereichen ist mit schlechterer Gesundheit assoziiert. Schlussfolgerung: Personen, die neben ihrer Berufstätigkeit Pflegeaufgaben übernehmen, sind häufig gesundheitlich belastet. Daher sind gezielte Interventionen zur Gesundheitsförderung notwendig, um diese Gruppe zu unterstützen und ihre Gesundheit zu verbessern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Poor psychosocial work environment: a ticket to retirement? Variations by gender and education (2025)
Eyjólfsdóttir, Harpa S. ; Herlofson, Katharina ; Pedersen, Axel West ; Veenstra, Marijke ; Lennartsson, Carin ; Hellevik, Tale ;Zitatform
Eyjólfsdóttir, Harpa S., Tale Hellevik, Katharina Herlofson, Axel West Pedersen, Carin Lennartsson & Marijke Veenstra (2025): Poor psychosocial work environment: a ticket to retirement? Variations by gender and education. In: European Journal of Ageing, Jg. 22. DOI:10.1007/s10433-025-00855-z
Abstract
"Many countries, including Norway, are implementing policies to delay retirement and encourage older workers to remain in the labour market. Improving psychosocial working conditions may motivate older workers to continue working. While research has linked psychosocial working characteristics to retirement intentions and work exit, there is a knowledge gap regarding gender and socioeconomic differences in these influences. This study investigates the impact of psychosocial working characteristics on employment exit among older workers, examining variations by gender and educational attainment. Data were drawn from the Norwegian Life Course, Ageing, and Generation study (NorLAG) collected in 2007 and 2017 (N = 2,065) linked to income register data for four subsequent years. Time-to-event analyses revealed that poorer psychosocial working environment increased the likelihood of employment exit. For women, low autonomy was significant, while for men significant associations were found for high job stress, low job variety, lack of appreciation, limited learning opportunities, accumulation of poor job resources, and job strain. Interaction analysis showed only significant gender differences for few learning opportunities and poor job resources. Separate analyses stratified by educational attainment showed no significant association for those with compulsory education, while those with higher levels of education were more likely to retire if faced with low job variety, low autonomy, and poor job resources–yet interaction analysis showed no significant differences. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at delaying retirement should consider gender and socioeconomic differences, providing older workers with more control over their tasks and equitable access to learning opportunities and resources." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Aktuelle Folgen des Klimawandels für den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt (2025)
Zitatform
Fitzenberger, Bernd & Hack Florian (2025): Aktuelle Folgen des Klimawandels für den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt. (IAB-Forschungsbericht 08/2025), Nürnberg, 31 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FB.2508
Abstract
"Der Klimawandel hat bereits spürbare Auswirkungen auf den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt. Besonders der Temperaturanstieg und die Zunahme von Hitzewellen betreffen Branchen wie das Baugewerbe und die Landwirtschaft. Auch andere Branchen wie Dienstleistungen, Logistik, Tourismus und das Verarbeitende Gewerbe sind betroffen. Die empirische Evidenz legt nahe, dass es in der Folge zu gesundheitlichen Risiken, höheren Unfallzahlen, steigenden Krankheitstagen bis hin zu vermehrten Todesfällen kommt. Dies kann die Produktivität negativ beeinflussen und wirtschaftliche Kosten, Arbeitsplatzverluste sowie indirekte negative Auswirkungen auf die Wertschöpfungsketten haben. Neben der Hitze nehmen auch Dürren in Häufigkeit und Intensität zu, mit gravierenden Folgen für Lebensmittelproduktion und Energieversorgung. Die extremen Dürren und Hitzewellen der letzten Jahre haben die Notwendigkeit von Anpassungsmaßnahmen verdeutlicht. Sowohl technische Lösungen als auch wirtschaftliche Anreize sollten in den Blick genommen werden, um sowohl ökologische als auch wirtschaftliche Stabilität zu sichern. Eine weitere Folge des Klimawandels ist die Zunahme von Extremwetterereignissen wie Stürmen, Starkregen und Überschwemmungen, die allein in Deutschland zwischen 2000 und 2021 Schäden in Höhe von rund 145 Milliarden Euro verursachten. Die Schäden und daraus resultierenden Wiederaufbauarbeiten haben direkte und indirekte Folgen für den Arbeitsmarkt. So treten diese insbesondere im Bausektor (z.B. durch Hochwasserschutzmaßnahmen, sowie im Hoch- und Tiefbau) und im Gesundheitswesen auf. In den kommenden Jahrzehnten dürften sich die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels weiter verstärken. Eine Analyse des Potsdam-Instituts für Klimafolgenforschung prognostiziert für Deutschland bis 2050 einen Rückgang des Bruttoinlandsprodukts um bis zu elf Prozent. Laut der Studie werden die wirtschaftlichen Folgen regional unterschiedlich ausfallen, wobei veränderte Niederschlagsmuster lokal positive Effekte haben können. Insgesamt führt die Zunahme extremer Wetterereignisse jedoch zu erheblichen wirtschaftlichen Schäden. Davon besonders betroffen sind diejenigen Berufsgruppen, die den Witterungsbedingungen direkt ausgesetzt sind, darunter Beschäftigte in der Land- und Forstwirtschaft, im Baugewerbe sowie in schlecht hitzegeschützten Innenräumen. Befragungsdaten aus den Jahren 2006, 2012 und 2018 zeigen bislang allerdings nicht, dass die Beschäftigten in Deutschland Hitze als einen ausgeprägten Belastungsfaktor wahrnehmen. Interessanterweise nimmt die Zahl der Hitzetage zu, während sich der Anteil der Beschäftigten, die sich durch Witterungsbedingungen beeinträchtigt fühlen, verringert. Zu beachten ist, dass die Befragung lediglich allgemeine Witterungsbelastungen wie Kälte, Hitze, Nässe und Zugluft erfasst, die nicht ausschließlich durch den Klimawandel bedingt sind. Zudem ist unklar, ob etwa ein Anstieg der Belastung durch extreme Hitze durch einen Rückgang der Belastung durch Kälte ausgeglichen wird. Die Auswirkungen variieren auch nach Unternehmensgröße, da finanzielle Mittel entscheidend für die Resilienz gegenüber klimatischen Veränderungen sind. So sind kleinere Unternehmen im Schnitt stärker betroffen als größere. Internationale Forschung zu Naturkatastrophen liefert Erkenntnisse zu Arbeitsmarkteffekten, die auch für Deutschland relevant sind. So können klimabedingte Katastrophen langfristige Wanderungsbewegungen auslösen und kurzfristige Einkommensverluste verursachen, die nur langfristig kompensiert werden können. Dies zeigt zum Beispiel eine Studie zu den Folgen des Hurricanes Katrina in den USA. Gleichzeitig profitieren Unternehmen, die am Wiederaufbau beteiligt sind, wirtschaftlich von diesen Entwicklungen. Auch die Nutzung von Saison-Kurzarbeitergeld in Deutschland lässt Rückschlüsse auf wirtschaftliche Anpassungen an den Klimawandel zu: So ist der relative Anteil der Beschäftigten im Baugewerbe, die diese Leistung in Anspruch nehmen, zwischen 2012 und 2023 gesunken. Dieser Rückgang ist konsistent mit zunehmend milderen Wintern, die längere Arbeitszeiten ermöglichen können. Langfristig wird die Anpassungsfähigkeit von Unternehmen und Beschäftigten entscheidend für die direkten Folgen des Klimawandels auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt sein. Maßnahmen, um durch den Klimawandel ausgelöste Schäden zu beseitigen, oder wirtschaftliche Transformationsprozesse, die die Resilienz gegenüber dem Klimawandel erhöhen und dem Klimaschutz dienen, können auch zu positiven Effekten wie der Entstehung neuer Geschäftsfelder und der Schaffung neuer Arbeitsplätze führen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Interview zum IAB-Forschungsbericht im Online-Magazin IAB-Forum -
Literaturhinweis
Sick of Leading? Supervisory Responsibility and Its Consequences for Sickness Absenteeism and Sickness Presenteeism (2025)
Zitatform
Funk, Stephanie (2025): Sick of Leading? Supervisory Responsibility and Its Consequences for Sickness Absenteeism and Sickness Presenteeism. In: Journal of Business and Psychology, Jg. 40, H. 3, S. 651-667. DOI:10.1007/s10869-024-09980-5
Abstract
"This research examines the impact of leadership positions with supervisory responsibility on two labormarket related health behaviors - sickness absenteeism and sickness presenteeism, i.e., working while being sick. Drawing on the job demands-resources (JD-R) model, this study posits that supervisory responsibility, serving as both a job resource and a demand, reduces sickness absenteeism while concurrently increasing sickness presenteeism behavior. The study identifies permanent availability and time pressure as two key aspects of leadership positions with supervisory responsibility that mediate these relationships. Using German-linked employer-employee data, the empirical results suggested that having supervisory responsibility reduces sickness absenteeism while at the same time elevating the engagement in sickness presenteeism. Furthermore, these relationships are partially mediated by leaders’ need for permanent availability and the time pressure inherent in positions with supervisory responsibility. This research advances our understanding of job characteristics of leadership positions by illustrating that job demands can yield favorable outcomes, offering valuable insights into the complex interplay between leadership positions and leaders’ health behaviors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Data product DOI: 10.5164/IAB.LPP-ADIAB7519.de.en.v1 -
Literaturhinweis
Sexuelle Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz: Zwei von zehn Beschäftigten berichten von Vorfällen im eigenen Arbeitsumfeld (2025)
Zitatform
Goetz, Valentina, Ingo Isphording, Jonas Jessen & Stefanie Wolter (2025): Sexuelle Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz: Zwei von zehn Beschäftigten berichten von Vorfällen im eigenen Arbeitsumfeld. (IAB-Kurzbericht 09/2025), Nürnberg, 7 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2509
Abstract
"Sexuelle Belästigung ist eine substanzielle Belastung für die direkt Betroffenen und ihr (Arbeits-)Umfeld – und damit potenziell auch eine wirtschaftliche Belastung für Betriebe. Wie verbreitet sexuelle Belästigung und präventive Maßnahmen in Betrieben sind, wurde dennoch bisher nicht umfassend untersucht. Zwei Befragungen des IAB zeigen nun, wie häufig sexuelle Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz vorkommt und welche Auswirkungen Betriebe und Beschäftigte infolgedessen erwarten. Darüber hinaus wird dokumentiert, welche Maßnahmen Betriebe ergreifen, um solche Vorfälle zu verhindern oder darauf zu reagieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Anteil der Frauen und Männer, die in ihrem Berufsleben einen Fall sexueller Belästigung im näheren Arbeitsumfeld erlebt haben
- Auswirkung von sexueller Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz aus Sicht der Betriebe
- Auswirkung von sexueller Belästigung aus Sicht der Beschäftigten
- Anteil der Betriebe, in denen es in den vergangenen zwei Jahren Fälle sexueller Belästigung gab
- Anteil der Frauen und Männer, die die jeweilige Situation als sexuelle Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz wahrnehmen
- Jede/jeder fünfte Beschäftigte ist betroffen oder Zeuge von sexueller Belästigung
- Vermutete betriebliche Reaktion bei einem Fall sexueller Belästigung
- Betriebliche Verfahren zum Umgang mit sexueller Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz und präventive Maßnahmen der Betriebe
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Literaturhinweis
Sleep duration, work-to-family conflicts and telecommuting: a mediation analysis among German mothers and fathers (2025)
Zitatform
Golsch, Katrin & Ayhan Adams (2025): Sleep duration, work-to-family conflicts and telecommuting: a mediation analysis among German mothers and fathers. In: Community, work & family, S. 1-22. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2025.2455660
Abstract
"The study investigates the consequences of work-to-family conflicts in telecommuting arrangements for parents' sleep duration. We discuss the potential relationships from the perspective of flexible resources and greedy roles. The study conducts moderated mediation analyses of telecommuting on sleep duration through work-to-family conflicts and addresses gender differences. The analyses use data from the German Family Panel (waves 10 & 12). After controlling for covariates, the results reveal an insignificant positive direct association between telecommuting and sleep duration. However, the mediation analysis shows that telecommuting is associated with shorter sleep duration through work-to-family conflicts. The moderated mediation further reveals that this negative indirect effect is slightly stronger for mothers than fathers. These findings highlight the complexity/bipolarity of flexible working arrangements in the context of the work-family interface and their implications for sleep behaviour, particularly from a gender perspective." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender differences in psychosomatic complaints across occupations and time from 2006 to 2018 in Germany: a repeated cross-sectional study (2025)
Zitatform
Grasshoff, Julia, Batoul Safieddine, Stefanie Sperlich & Johannes Beller (2025): Gender differences in psychosomatic complaints across occupations and time from 2006 to 2018 in Germany: a repeated cross-sectional study. In: BMC public health, Jg. 25. DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-21462-8
Abstract
"Background: Previous research indicates that women report more psychosomatic complaints at work compared to men. However, there is a lack of research examining this gender gap across different occupational subgroups and over time. Methods: The study utilized data from the nationwide German Employment Survey of the Working Population on Qualification and Working Conditions conducted in 2005/2006, 2011/2012, and 2017/ 2018. First, gender differences in psychosomatic complaints were analysed within the occupational subgroups categorized as white-collar high-skilled, white-collar low-skilled, blue-collar high-skilled and blue-collar low-skilled workers. Second, gender stratified time trends of psychosomatic complaints were analysed. A total of 58,759 participants were included in the analysis. Results: Women consistently reported significantly higher levels of psychosomatic complaints compared to men across all years examined. The largest differences were observed in white-collar high-skilled occupations. From 2005/2006 to 2011/2012, gender differences increased; from 2011/2012 to 2017/2018, they stagnated. Conclusions: The study revealed that women experience more psychosomatic distress at work than men in all occupational subgroups and time points. White-collar high-skilled workers showed the highest gender gap in psychosomatic complaints. The gender gap widened from 2005/2006 to 2011/2012 and remained stable from 2011/2012 to 2017/2018. Future research should investigate the reasons and implications of this phenomenon, especially considering the increasing proportion of high-skilled white-collar workers, where the gender gap is most evident." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mental health risk in human services work across Europe: the predictive role of employment in various sectors (2025)
Győri, Ágnes; Perpék, Éva; Ádám, Szilvia;Zitatform
Győri, Ágnes, Éva Perpék & Szilvia Ádám (2025): Mental health risk in human services work across Europe: the predictive role of employment in various sectors. In: Frontiers in Public Health, Jg. 12. DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1407998
Abstract
"Background: Human services occupations are highly exposed to mental health risks, thus psychosocial risk management is critical to assure healthy and safe working conditions, promote mental health and commitment, and prevent fluctuation of employees. However, still little is known about prominent psychosocial risk factors in various human services work. Objectives: To identify prominent psychosocial risk factors of mental health in human services occupations and to explore their individual and organizational correlates in 19 European countries. Methods: Cross-sectional survey using data from the European Union's Labor Force Survey among 379,759 active employees in 19 European countries. First, a descriptive analysis was carried out to establish the prevalence of mental health risk factors. Then sociodemographic correlates of occupational mental health risk factors were assessed by means of Pearson's chi-squared test. Finally, correlations were explored between perceived psychosocial risk factors and human vs. non-human services occupations, as well as contextual variables by applying multilevel logistic and multinomial regression analyses. Results: The prevalence of mental health risk was 45.1%. Work overload (19.9%), dealing with difficult clients (10.2%), and job insecurity (5.8%) were the most prevalent mental health risk factors among European employees. We identified significant differences in the prevalence of mental health risks and specific mental health risk factors among employees according to sex, age, and educational attainment. The prevalence of mental health risks was significantly higher among women (47.0%, man: 43.3%), workers aged 35–50 years (47.5%, >50: 44.4%, <35: 42.3%), and those with the higher level of education (51.9%, secondary with diploma: 42.6%, elementary: 36.2%). Employees working in healthcare in Northern Europe were most likely to be exposed to mental health risks (AME = 0.717). Working in healthcare in Northern Europe was the strongest predictor of reporting work overload (AME = 0.381). Working in social care in Central and Eastern Europe was the strongest predictor of reporting dealing with difficult clients (AME = 0.303) as the most prevalent mental health risk factor. Conclusion: Understanding the impact of employment in specific human services occupations on mental health and its specific occupational stressors are vital to improve mental health and safety at work and maintain high quality services." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Werther at Work: Intra-firm Spillovers of Suicides (2025)
Zitatform
Halla, Martin & Bernhard Schmidpeter (2025): Werther at Work: Intra-firm Spillovers of Suicides. (Department of Economics working paper / Vienna University of Economics and Business 374), Wien, 41 S.
Abstract
"Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide and a critical public health concern. We examine the hypothesis of suicide contagion within in the workplace, investigating whether exposure to a coworker's suicide increases an individual's suicide risk. Using high-quality administrative data from Austria and an event study approach, we compare approximately 150,000 workers exposed to a coworker's suicide with a matched group exposed to a "placebo suicide". We find a significant increase in suicide risk for exposed individuals, with a cumulative treatment effect of 0.04 percentage points (33.3 percent) over a 20-year post-event period. Exposed individuals who also die by suicide are more likely to use the same method as their deceased coworker, strongly suggesting a causal link. Two placebo tests bolster this interpretation: workers who left the firm before the suicide and those exposed to a coworker's fatal car accident do not show an elevated suicide risk." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
„Stay at Work“ – ein ressourcenorientiertes Konzept füllt eine Lücke (2025)
Zitatform
Hasselhorn, Hans Martin & Max Josef Rohrbacher (2025): „Stay at Work“ – ein ressourcenorientiertes Konzept füllt eine Lücke. In: Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin, Umweltmedizin, Jg. 60, H. 3, S. 164-169. DOI:10.17147/asu-1-426483
Abstract
"Einleitung: Das Konzept „Stay at Work“ (SaW) bietet eine ressourcenorientierte Perspektive auf Erwerbstätige, die trotz gesundheitlicher Einschränkungen kontinuierlich arbeiten und dabei keine erhöhten Fehlzeiten aufweisen. Methode: In der vorliegenden Studie werden Daten der lidA-Kohortenstudie verwendet, um das Phänomen SaW innerhalb der mittelalten Erwerbsbevölkerung querschnittlich zu untersuchen. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass SaW-Beschäftigte oft über günstigere personale und arbeitsbezogene Ressourcen verfügen als Beschäftigte mit häufigen Arbeitsunfähigkeitszeiten. Insbesondere Arbeitsfaktoren wie Führungsqualität und Einfluss bei der Arbeit scheinen dabei zentrale Einflussfaktoren zu sein. Dennoch stellen sie zugleich eine potenziell vulnerable Gruppe dar. Schlussfolgerungen: Der Beitrag leistet einen ersten Schritt zur besseren wissenschaftlichen Einordnung von SaW und zeigt Potenziale auf, wie diese Perspektive die betriebliche Präventionsarbeit in Deutschland stärken kann." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The Association between the Volatility of Income and Life Expectancy in the U.S. (2025)
Zitatform
Hotz, V. Joseph, Anna Ziff & Emily Wiemers (2025): The Association between the Volatility of Income and Life Expectancy in the U.S. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 43, H. S1, S. S153-S178. DOI:10.1086/732668
Abstract
"We examine the relationship between income volatility and life expectancy in mid-sized U.S. commuting zones between 2006 and 2014. We use a commercial dataset, Info USA, to measure income volatility which we link to estimates of life expectancy by gender, county,race, and income. We find that higher income volatility in a county is associated with lower life expectancy, but only at the bottom of the income distribution and primarily for non-HispanicWhites. Though we cannot extrapolate our findings to individual-level relationships, we dolink them to existing literatures on place-based differences in mortality and the relationship between volatility and health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Management Practices, Workplace Health Promotion and Productivity (2025)
Zitatform
Jirjahn, Uwe & Jens Mohrenweiser (2025): Management Practices, Workplace Health Promotion and Productivity. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 18059), Bonn, 34 S.
Abstract
"Since the emergence of personnel economics, economists have been increasingly aware that the management practices used by firms are an important determinant of productivity. However, it is an open question of whether the impact of management practices on the productivity of firms depends on workplace health promotion activities (alternatively called workplace wellness programs). Using a widely recognized management index developed by Bloom and Van Reenen (2007), this study provides evidence that workplace health promotion moderates the link between management practices and productivity. Our panel data estimates show that the positive impact of management practices on productivity is stronger if a firm engages in workplace health promotion. This finding fits the notion that workplace health promotion mitigates adverse side effects of management practices on employees' health. However, our estimates also provide evidence of a negative direct influence of workplace promotion on productivity. The positive moderating influence of workplace health promotion only dominates the negative direct influence if a firm uses Bloom and Van Reenen's management practices (targets, monitoring and incentives) at a high intensity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeits- und Gesundheitssituation von Erwerbstätigen in der Einfacharbeit (2025)
Zitatform
Kaboth, Arthur, Marcel Lück, Lena Hünefeld & Vanessa Vegner (2025): Arbeits- und Gesundheitssituation von Erwerbstätigen in der Einfacharbeit. (baua: Bericht), Dortmund, 41 S. DOI:10.21934/baua:bericht20250331
Abstract
"Einfacharbeit umfasst Tätigkeiten, die keine formale Qualifikation voraussetzen. Diese Tätigkeiten bewegen sich im Spannungsfeld zwischen belastenden Arbeitsanforderungen und hoher gesellschaftlicher Relevanz. Bislang ist der Forschungsstand lückenhaft, und es fehlt an spezifischen Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Arbeits- und Gesundheitssituation dieser Erwerbstätigengruppe. Im vorliegenden Bericht wird anhand verschiedener Datensätze beleuchtet, wer in Einfacharbeit tätig ist, welche Arbeitsanforderungen und -ressourcen vorzufinden sind, wie die Erwerbsverläufe bis hin zur Regelaltersgrenze der Beschäftigten aussehen und welche gesundheitlichen Konsequenzen mit Einfacharbeit einhergehen können. Der Bericht dient dazu, einen Status Quo über die hier aufgezählten Inhalte zu liefern, Forschungslücken zu identifizieren und zu schließen sowie Handlungsempfehlungen für die Arbeits- und Gesundheitssituation dieser Erwerbsgruppe darzulegen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Beschäftigte in der Einfacharbeit sowohl von körperlichen als auch psychischen Arbeitsanforderungen betroffen sind und zugleich wenige Arbeitsplatzressourcen zur Verfügung stehen. Außerdem sind im Vergleich zu anderen Erwerbgruppen die Erwerbsverläufe der Beschäftigten in der Einfacharbeit häufiger von Erwerbsunterbrechungen sowie von vorzeitigen Eintritten in die Altersrente geprägt. In verschiedenen Bereichen der Einfacharbeit kann eine Vielzahl arbeitsbezogener Anforderungen identifiziert werden, die gesundheitliche Risiken mit sich bringen. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen eine durchschnittlich schlechtere sowie über den Erwerbsverlauf abnehmende subjektive Gesundheit. Aus Perspektive des Arbeitsschutzes müssen zunächst die Problemlagen der Beschäftigten in der Einfacharbeit identifiziert und dementsprechend passgenaue Maßnahmen ergriffen werden. Zum einen geht es dabei um die Identifizierung und Reduzierung von Belastungen am Arbeitsplatz sowie der Bereitstellung von spezifischen Ressourcen, um die Gesundheit der Beschäftigten bis ins hohe Alter zu fördern und zu erhalten. Zum anderen können (Teil-)Qualifizierungen dazu beitragen, die Motivation aber auch die Beschäftigungsstabilität sowie Arbeitsmarktchancen zu erhöhen, sodass das Risiko von Erwerbsunterbrechungen minimiert wird. Diese sollten vor dem Hintergrund des drohenden Arbeits- bzw. Fachkräftemangels lebenslauforientiert und alter(n)sgerecht gestaltet werden. Der vorliegende Bericht zeigt allerdings auch, dass noch weitere Forschung nötig ist, um die Arbeits- und Gesundheitssituation der Beschäftigten in der Einfacharbeit zu verbessern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Does AI at Work Increase Stress? Text Mining Social Media About Human–AI Team Processes and AI Control (2025)
Zitatform
Klonek, Florian & Sharon Parker (2025): Does AI at Work Increase Stress? Text Mining Social Media About Human–AI Team Processes and AI Control. In: Journal of organizational behavior, S. 1-15. DOI:10.1002/job.70000
Abstract
"With rising use of artificial intelligence (AI) in organizations, alongside increasing mental health issues, we seek to understand how AI use affects human stress. Drawing on the automation–augmentation perspective, we propose that AI control over decision-making thwarts human autonomy and thus contributes to stress. Drawing on models of teamwork and augmentation, we expect that human–AI team processes (i.e., transition, action, and interpersonal processes) help people meet their goals and reduce stress. Finally, we argue that human–AI team processes provide an important social resource, which buffers the stress-enhancing role of AI control. To test our hypotheses, we analyzed over 2700 tweets. Using a trained large language model, validated against human ratings, we indexed key measures. Results confirm that high AI control was associated with increased stress, whereas human–AI team processes were associated with decreased stress. In support of the moderation hypothesis, two human–AI team processes (action and interpersonal) helped further reduce the stress-enhancing effect of AI control. We discuss implications for work design theory and the importance of regulating levels of AI control to protect workers' mental health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational health of employees with mental health issues: the role of the psychosocial working conditions and sense of coherence (2025)
Zitatform
Lehmann, Anja I. & Georg F. Bauer (2025): Occupational health of employees with mental health issues: the role of the psychosocial working conditions and sense of coherence. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 98, H. 7, S. 573-585. DOI:10.1007/s00420-025-02154-7
Abstract
"Background: The high prevalence of mental health issues (MHI) among employees poses significant societal challenges. However, little is known about factors that influence their ability to remain employed, maintain productivity, and thrive at work. Objective: This study examines differences in occupational health outcomes (burnout, work engagement, and work ability) between employees with and without MHI and the applicability of the Job Demands-Resources model (including job demands, job resources as psychosocial working conditions and sense of coherence (SOC) as a personal resource) among employees with MHI, while particularly controlling for disease-specific factors. Methods: Pooled data from two measurement waves were analyzed, including employees with current MHI (N = 92) and those without MHI (N = 877) from German-speaking countries. Mixed-effects models examined relationships between sociodemographic, disease-specific factors, psychosocial working conditions, SOC, and occupational health outcomes. Results: Employees with MHI showed lower occupational health levels (higher burnout, reduced work ability) than those without. Among employees with MHI, SOC and job resources were significantly associated with all occupational health outcomes, while job demands primarily predicted burnout. Sickness absence correlated negatively with both burnout and work ability. The association between SOC and work ability was stronger for employees with MHI than for those without. Conclusions: Job resources and SOC play a role for occupational health in employees with MHI. Targeted interventions to strengthen these resources should be prioritized." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
When caring comes at a cost: Psychological wellbeing of unpaid and paid carers and the role of social expenditure (2025)
Zitatform
Lightman, Naomi & Anthony Kevins (2025): When caring comes at a cost: Psychological wellbeing of unpaid and paid carers and the role of social expenditure. In: Journal of European Social Policy, S. 1-15. DOI:10.1177/09589287251356978
Abstract
"This study examines whether, and under what conditions, unpaid and paid care work are associated with reduced psychological wellbeing. The article begins by laying out a shared theoretical framework for understanding the psychological consequences of care among both unpaid and paid carers. It then tests the empirical implications of this framework, conducting multi-level model analysis of European Quality of Life Survey and European Social Survey data and: (1) disaggregating care work based on (a) the care recipient – i.e., adults or children – for unpaid carers and (b) the level of occupational professionalization for paid carers; and (2) examining the potential intervening role of social expenditure. Findings demonstrate that unpaid caring for adults (though not children) is associated with a marginal decrease in psychological wellbeing, but that this dynamic is limited to countries with smaller welfare states. Among paid care workers, only paraprofessionals are found to have lower levels of psychological wellbeing than comparable non-care workers – but here again increased social expenditure appears to have a significant buffering effect. Together, results reinforce the need for robust social spending to mitigate negative psychological consequences of care, while adding important nuance regarding the relevance of the type of care work being performed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))