Arbeitsbedingungen und Gesundheit von Beschäftigten
Der Zusammenhang von Arbeitsbedingungen bzw. Arbeitsbelastungen und der Gesundheit von Beschäftigten erhält durch die demografische Entwicklung, Digitalisierung und Klimawandel neues Gewicht. Wie muss Arbeit gestaltet sein, damit die Beschäftigten langfristig und gesund erwerbstätig sein können?
Dieses Themendossier dokumentiert die Ergebnisse empirischer Forschung der letzten Jahre.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
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Literaturhinweis
Health patterns in the working population: latent class analysis of physical and psychological complaints in Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Beller, Johannes, Batoul Safieddine, Julia Grasshoff & Jelena Epping (2025): Health patterns in the working population: latent class analysis of physical and psychological complaints in Germany. In: Journal of Public Health, S. 1-11. DOI:10.1007/s10389-025-02472-7
Abstract
"Aim: This study aimed to identify distinct patterns of health complaints among German workers and investigate their associations with socioeconomic factors. Subject and methods: Latent class analysis was performed on data from the BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey, which included 19,320 employed respondents aged 15 years and above. The analysis considered 21 physical and psychological health complaints, such as headache, back pain, fatigue, irritability, and depressiveness. The identified health complaint classes were compared via sociodemographic indicators, including age, gender, occupation, working hours, and education. Results: Four classes of health complaints were identified: “Low Overall Complaints” (low prevalence of all complaints; 40% of the sample), “Physical Complaints” (high prevalence of physical complaints but low prevalence of psychological complaints; 25% of the sample), “Psychological Complaints” (high prevalence of psychological complaints but low prevalence of physical complaints; 20% of the sample), and “High Overall Complaints” (high prevalence of both physical and psychological complaints; 15% of the sample). The classes differed most strongly according to occupational group, gender and education. Participants in high-skilled white-collar occupations were more likely to belong to the Low Overall Complaints and Psychological Complaints classes, while those in blue-collar occupations were more likely to belong to the Physical Complaints and High Overall Complaints classes. Conclusion: This study revealed four distinct patterns of health complaints in the German working population, differing in severity (low symptom burden vs. high symptom burden) as well as content (physical vs. psychological symptoms). A substantial proportion of workers experienced multiple physical, psychological, or overall health issues (60%). The differences between the classes were primarily related to occupation, highlighting the importance of occupational health research for public health. As the world of work evolves with an increasing proportion of high-skilled white-collar occupations, a rise in psychological health complaints is anticipated in the future." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational-class trends in diagnosis-specific sickness absence in Finland: a register-based observational study in 2011–2021 (2025)
Zitatform
Blomgren, Jenni & Riku Perhoniemi (2025): Occupational-class trends in diagnosis-specific sickness absence in Finland: a register-based observational study in 2011–2021. In: BMJ open, Jg. 15, H. 2. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-098001
Abstract
"Objectives: To examine the prevalence and days of long-term sickness absence (LTSA) by occupational class and by most important diagnostic groups in Finland during 2011–2021. Design: Population-based cross-sectional study. Setting and participants: National comprehensive register data were linked for all employed persons and entrepreneurs in Finland aged 25–64 for years 2011–2021 (yearly number of individuals in the study population around 2 million persons). Main outcome measures: LTSA was measured by sickness allowance that covers over 10-day long absences. Yearly age-standardised LTSA prevalences and average number of LTSA days were calculated for women and men in four occupational classes, separately for all-cause LTSA and LTSA due to mental disorders, musculoskeletal diseases and injuries. Modified Poisson regression and negative binomial regression models were run to assess relative differences between occupational classes, adjusted for age, marital status, education and region of residence. Results: All-cause LTSA slightly decreased between years 2011 and 2021, but the trends varied by occupational class and diagnostic group. LTSA due to mental disorders increased in all occupational classes after 2016 among both sexes, while LTSA due to musculoskeletal diseases and injuries continued to decrease in all occupational classes. The increase in LTSA due to mental disorders was largest among lower non-manual employees, especially among women, whereby all-cause LTSA prevalence among female lower non-manual employees reached the level of female manual workers. Men showed broadly similar trends, but manual workers still had the highest all-cause LTSA prevalence at the end of the study period. The main results were similar adjusted for covariates. Conclusions: The magnitude and order of the occupational-class differences in LTSA changed between 2011 and 2021, along with increasing LTSA due to mental disorders, especially among employees, and decreasing LTSA due to somatic diagnoses, especially among manual workers. Occupational-class differences should be taken into account when aiming to prevent LTSA and especially further increases in LTSA due to mental disorders." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment Quality and Mental Health in Germany: the Mismatch of Low Employment Quality with Work and Family Values by Gender (2025)
Zitatform
De Moortel, Deborah, Rebeka Balogh, Miriam Engels & Julie Vanderleyden (2025): Employment Quality and Mental Health in Germany: the Mismatch of Low Employment Quality with Work and Family Values by Gender. In: Social Science & Medicine. DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117906
Abstract
"Empirical evidence on whether low-quality employment is detrimental to workers’ mental health is mostly cross-sectional and empirical evidence on pathways linking employment quality (EQ) to mental health remains scarce. Consequently, this study examines subsequent mental health associations of low-quality employment. Associations between EQ and mental health are investigated through a typology of employment arrangements. This study also investigates whether the relation between EQ types and subsequent mental health is different for workers with varying intensities of work and family values (i.e., importance of success at work and of having children, respectively) across genders. Using a large representative German panel dataset and Latent Class Cluster Analysis, EQ types are built and linked to mental health two years later. We assess two- and three-way interactions between EQ types and values, and between EQ types, gender and values, respectively. We found six EQ types: SER-like, precarious unsustainable, precarious full-time, SER-light, portfolio and protected part-time employment. Controlled for socio-demographic characteristics, precarious unsustainable employment for men and precarious full-time employment for women were associated to lower mental health after two years, compared to SER-like employment. Although protected part-time employment related to worse mental health for those with moderate to strong work and family values, compared to those with mild values, the interactions show an unclear pattern of the moderating role of values for the relation between EQ and subsequent mental health, for both men and women. This study should be replicated in other countries to confirm similar associations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wie steht es um die Gesundheit pflegender erwerbstätiger Personen?: Analyse einer Erwerbstätigenbefragung mittels Propensity Score Matching (2025)
Zitatform
Elling, Jan Mathis, Christian Hetzel, Sarah Hampel, Adelheid von Spee & Greta Ollertz (2025): Wie steht es um die Gesundheit pflegender erwerbstätiger Personen? Analyse einer Erwerbstätigenbefragung mittels Propensity Score Matching. In: Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie, S. 1-7. DOI:10.1007/s00391-024-02387-0
Abstract
"Hintergrund: Der Großteil der pflegebedürften Menschen in Deutschland wird zu Hause von Angehörigen oder anderen Bezugspersonen gepflegt. Viele informell Pflegende sind zudem erwerbstätig und stehen somit vor der Herausforderung, die Anforderungen beider Lebensbereiche zu vereinbaren. Dabei besteht die Gefahr, dass die eigene Gesundheit der Pflegenden leidet. Fragestellungen: (1) Inwiefern steht eine Pflegeverantwortung im privaten Umfeld bei Erwerbstätigen mit gesundheitlichen Beschwerden im Zusammenhang? (2) Innerhalb der Gruppe der pflegenden erwerbstätigen Personen, inwiefern stehen der Umfang von informeller Pflege und Erwerbsarbeit mit gesundheitlichen Beschwerden im Zusammenhang? Material und Methoden: Die Datenbasis dieser Sekundärdatenanalyse ist die BIBB/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragung 2018. Um systematische Strukturunterschiede zwischen Pflegenden und Nichtpflegenden in den Analysen zu berücksichtigen, wurde das Propensity Score Matching angewendet. Ergebnisse und Diskussion: Pflegende Erwerbstätige haben häufiger psychosomatische und körperliche Beschwerden als Erwerbstätige ohne Pflegeverantwortung. Erwerbsarbeitszeit und Pflegeumfang stehen in Beziehung zueinander, und ein hoher Umfang in beiden Lebensbereichen ist mit schlechterer Gesundheit assoziiert. Schlussfolgerung: Personen, die neben ihrer Berufstätigkeit Pflegeaufgaben übernehmen, sind häufig gesundheitlich belastet. Daher sind gezielte Interventionen zur Gesundheitsförderung notwendig, um diese Gruppe zu unterstützen und ihre Gesundheit zu verbessern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Poor psychosocial work environment: a ticket to retirement? Variations by gender and education (2025)
Eyjólfsdóttir, Harpa S. ; Herlofson, Katharina ; Pedersen, Axel West ; Veenstra, Marijke ; Lennartsson, Carin ; Hellevik, Tale ;Zitatform
Eyjólfsdóttir, Harpa S., Tale Hellevik, Katharina Herlofson, Axel West Pedersen, Carin Lennartsson & Marijke Veenstra (2025): Poor psychosocial work environment: a ticket to retirement? Variations by gender and education. In: European Journal of Ageing, Jg. 22. DOI:10.1007/s10433-025-00855-z
Abstract
"Many countries, including Norway, are implementing policies to delay retirement and encourage older workers to remain in the labour market. Improving psychosocial working conditions may motivate older workers to continue working. While research has linked psychosocial working characteristics to retirement intentions and work exit, there is a knowledge gap regarding gender and socioeconomic differences in these influences. This study investigates the impact of psychosocial working characteristics on employment exit among older workers, examining variations by gender and educational attainment. Data were drawn from the Norwegian Life Course, Ageing, and Generation study (NorLAG) collected in 2007 and 2017 (N = 2,065) linked to income register data for four subsequent years. Time-to-event analyses revealed that poorer psychosocial working environment increased the likelihood of employment exit. For women, low autonomy was significant, while for men significant associations were found for high job stress, low job variety, lack of appreciation, limited learning opportunities, accumulation of poor job resources, and job strain. Interaction analysis showed only significant gender differences for few learning opportunities and poor job resources. Separate analyses stratified by educational attainment showed no significant association for those with compulsory education, while those with higher levels of education were more likely to retire if faced with low job variety, low autonomy, and poor job resources–yet interaction analysis showed no significant differences. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at delaying retirement should consider gender and socioeconomic differences, providing older workers with more control over their tasks and equitable access to learning opportunities and resources." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Sick of Leading? Supervisory Responsibility and Its Consequences for Sickness Absenteeism and Sickness Presenteeism (2025)
Zitatform
Funk, Stephanie (2025): Sick of Leading? Supervisory Responsibility and Its Consequences for Sickness Absenteeism and Sickness Presenteeism. In: Journal of Business and Psychology, Jg. 40, H. 3, S. 651-667. DOI:10.1007/s10869-024-09980-5
Abstract
"This research examines the impact of leadership positions with supervisory responsibility on two labormarket related health behaviors - sickness absenteeism and sickness presenteeism, i.e., working while being sick. Drawing on the job demands-resources (JD-R) model, this study posits that supervisory responsibility, serving as both a job resource and a demand, reduces sickness absenteeism while concurrently increasing sickness presenteeism behavior. The study identifies permanent availability and time pressure as two key aspects of leadership positions with supervisory responsibility that mediate these relationships. Using German-linked employer-employee data, the empirical results suggested that having supervisory responsibility reduces sickness absenteeism while at the same time elevating the engagement in sickness presenteeism. Furthermore, these relationships are partially mediated by leaders’ need for permanent availability and the time pressure inherent in positions with supervisory responsibility. This research advances our understanding of job characteristics of leadership positions by illustrating that job demands can yield favorable outcomes, offering valuable insights into the complex interplay between leadership positions and leaders’ health behaviors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Data product DOI: 10.5164/IAB.LPP-ADIAB7519.de.en.v1 -
Literaturhinweis
Sexuelle Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz: Zwei von zehn Beschäftigten berichten von Vorfällen im eigenen Arbeitsumfeld (2025)
Zitatform
Goetz, Valentina, Ingo Isphording, Jonas Jessen & Stefanie Wolter (2025): Sexuelle Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz: Zwei von zehn Beschäftigten berichten von Vorfällen im eigenen Arbeitsumfeld. (IAB-Kurzbericht 09/2025), Nürnberg: IAB, 7 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2509
Abstract
"Sexuelle Belästigung ist eine substanzielle Belastung für die direkt Betroffenen und ihr (Arbeits-)Umfeld – und damit potenziell auch eine wirtschaftliche Belastung für Betriebe. Wie verbreitet sexuelle Belästigung und präventive Maßnahmen in Betrieben sind, wurde dennoch bisher nicht umfassend untersucht. Zwei Befragungen des IAB zeigen nun, wie häufig sexuelle Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz vorkommt und welche Auswirkungen Betriebe und Beschäftigte infolgedessen erwarten. Darüber hinaus wird dokumentiert, welche Maßnahmen Betriebe ergreifen, um solche Vorfälle zu verhindern oder darauf zu reagieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Auswirkung von sexueller Belästigung aus Sicht der Beschäftigten
- Anteil der Betriebe, in denen es in den vergangenen zwei Jahren Fälle sexueller Belästigung gab
- Betriebliche Verfahren zum Umgang mit sexueller Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz und präventive Maßnahmen der Betriebe
- Auswirkung von sexueller Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz aus Sicht der Betriebe
- Anteil der Frauen und Männer, die in ihrem Berufsleben einen Fall sexueller Belästigung im näheren Arbeitsumfeld erlebt haben
- Vermutete betriebliche Reaktion bei einem Fall sexueller Belästigung
- Anteil der Frauen und Männer, die die jeweilige Situation als sexuelle Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz wahrnehmen
- Jede/jeder fünfte Beschäftigte ist betroffen oder Zeuge von sexueller Belästigung
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Literaturhinweis
Gender differences in psychosomatic complaints across occupations and time from 2006 to 2018 in Germany: a repeated cross-sectional study (2025)
Zitatform
Grasshoff, Julia, Batoul Safieddine, Stefanie Sperlich & Johannes Beller (2025): Gender differences in psychosomatic complaints across occupations and time from 2006 to 2018 in Germany: a repeated cross-sectional study. In: BMC public health, Jg. 25. DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-21462-8
Abstract
"Background: Previous research indicates that women report more psychosomatic complaints at work compared to men. However, there is a lack of research examining this gender gap across different occupational subgroups and over time. Methods: The study utilized data from the nationwide German Employment Survey of the Working Population on Qualification and Working Conditions conducted in 2005/2006, 2011/2012, and 2017/ 2018. First, gender differences in psychosomatic complaints were analysed within the occupational subgroups categorized as white-collar high-skilled, white-collar low-skilled, blue-collar high-skilled and blue-collar low-skilled workers. Second, gender stratified time trends of psychosomatic complaints were analysed. A total of 58,759 participants were included in the analysis. Results: Women consistently reported significantly higher levels of psychosomatic complaints compared to men across all years examined. The largest differences were observed in white-collar high-skilled occupations. From 2005/2006 to 2011/2012, gender differences increased; from 2011/2012 to 2017/2018, they stagnated. Conclusions: The study revealed that women experience more psychosomatic distress at work than men in all occupational subgroups and time points. White-collar high-skilled workers showed the highest gender gap in psychosomatic complaints. The gender gap widened from 2005/2006 to 2011/2012 and remained stable from 2011/2012 to 2017/2018. Future research should investigate the reasons and implications of this phenomenon, especially considering the increasing proportion of high-skilled white-collar workers, where the gender gap is most evident." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mental health risk in human services work across Europe: the predictive role of employment in various sectors (2025)
Győri, Ágnes; Perpék, Éva; Ádám, Szilvia;Zitatform
Győri, Ágnes, Éva Perpék & Szilvia Ádám (2025): Mental health risk in human services work across Europe: the predictive role of employment in various sectors. In: Frontiers in Public Health, Jg. 12. DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1407998
Abstract
"Background: Human services occupations are highly exposed to mental health risks, thus psychosocial risk management is critical to assure healthy and safe working conditions, promote mental health and commitment, and prevent fluctuation of employees. However, still little is known about prominent psychosocial risk factors in various human services work. Objectives: To identify prominent psychosocial risk factors of mental health in human services occupations and to explore their individual and organizational correlates in 19 European countries. Methods: Cross-sectional survey using data from the European Union's Labor Force Survey among 379,759 active employees in 19 European countries. First, a descriptive analysis was carried out to establish the prevalence of mental health risk factors. Then sociodemographic correlates of occupational mental health risk factors were assessed by means of Pearson's chi-squared test. Finally, correlations were explored between perceived psychosocial risk factors and human vs. non-human services occupations, as well as contextual variables by applying multilevel logistic and multinomial regression analyses. Results: The prevalence of mental health risk was 45.1%. Work overload (19.9%), dealing with difficult clients (10.2%), and job insecurity (5.8%) were the most prevalent mental health risk factors among European employees. We identified significant differences in the prevalence of mental health risks and specific mental health risk factors among employees according to sex, age, and educational attainment. The prevalence of mental health risks was significantly higher among women (47.0%, man: 43.3%), workers aged 35–50 years (47.5%, >50: 44.4%, <35: 42.3%), and those with the higher level of education (51.9%, secondary with diploma: 42.6%, elementary: 36.2%). Employees working in healthcare in Northern Europe were most likely to be exposed to mental health risks (AME = 0.717). Working in healthcare in Northern Europe was the strongest predictor of reporting work overload (AME = 0.381). Working in social care in Central and Eastern Europe was the strongest predictor of reporting dealing with difficult clients (AME = 0.303) as the most prevalent mental health risk factor. Conclusion: Understanding the impact of employment in specific human services occupations on mental health and its specific occupational stressors are vital to improve mental health and safety at work and maintain high quality services." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Werther at Work: Intra-firm Spillovers of Suicides (2025)
Zitatform
Halla, Martin & Bernhard Schmidpeter (2025): Werther at Work: Intra-firm Spillovers of Suicides. (Department of Economics working paper / Vienna University of Economics and Business 374), Wien, 41 S.
Abstract
"Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide and a critical public health concern. We examine the hypothesis of suicide contagion within in the workplace, investigating whether exposure to a coworker's suicide increases an individual's suicide risk. Using high-quality administrative data from Austria and an event study approach, we compare approximately 150,000 workers exposed to a coworker's suicide with a matched group exposed to a "placebo suicide". We find a significant increase in suicide risk for exposed individuals, with a cumulative treatment effect of 0.04 percentage points (33.3 percent) over a 20-year post-event period. Exposed individuals who also die by suicide are more likely to use the same method as their deceased coworker, strongly suggesting a causal link. Two placebo tests bolster this interpretation: workers who left the firm before the suicide and those exposed to a coworker's fatal car accident do not show an elevated suicide risk." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
„Stay at Work“ – ein ressourcenorientiertes Konzept füllt eine Lücke (2025)
Zitatform
Hasselhorn, Hans Martin & Max Josef Rohrbacher (2025): „Stay at Work“ – ein ressourcenorientiertes Konzept füllt eine Lücke. In: Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin, Umweltmedizin, Jg. 60, H. 3, S. 164-169. DOI:10.17147/asu-1-426483
Abstract
"Einleitung: Das Konzept „Stay at Work“ (SaW) bietet eine ressourcenorientierte Perspektive auf Erwerbstätige, die trotz gesundheitlicher Einschränkungen kontinuierlich arbeiten und dabei keine erhöhten Fehlzeiten aufweisen. Methode: In der vorliegenden Studie werden Daten der lidA-Kohortenstudie verwendet, um das Phänomen SaW innerhalb der mittelalten Erwerbsbevölkerung querschnittlich zu untersuchen. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass SaW-Beschäftigte oft über günstigere personale und arbeitsbezogene Ressourcen verfügen als Beschäftigte mit häufigen Arbeitsunfähigkeitszeiten. Insbesondere Arbeitsfaktoren wie Führungsqualität und Einfluss bei der Arbeit scheinen dabei zentrale Einflussfaktoren zu sein. Dennoch stellen sie zugleich eine potenziell vulnerable Gruppe dar. Schlussfolgerungen: Der Beitrag leistet einen ersten Schritt zur besseren wissenschaftlichen Einordnung von SaW und zeigt Potenziale auf, wie diese Perspektive die betriebliche Präventionsarbeit in Deutschland stärken kann." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Working from home and health complaints: on the difference between telework and informal overtime at home (2025)
Zitatform
Mergener, Alexandra, Nico Stawarz, Heiko Rüger & Inga Laß (2025): Working from home and health complaints: on the difference between telework and informal overtime at home. In: Frontiers in Public Health, Jg. 13. DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1465617
Abstract
"Background: With the increase in the prevalence of working from home (WFH), understanding its impact on health has become more relevant. However, the possibility that health effects may depend on the specific WFH arrangement has largely been ignored in research. Objective: The aim of this study is to offer a differentiated view of WFH by distinguishing between informal overtime at home and telework during recognized working time when assessing its associations with mental and physical health complaints. Moreover, the extent of telework is considered. The study also differentiates the group of WFH non-users by distinguishing between voluntary non-use and employer-directed non-use. Methods: We apply OLS regression models with clustered standard errors by occupation to probability-based survey data that is representative of employees in Germany. The analytical sample was restricted to employees whose job tasks could be performed at home (N = 10,365). Results: Compared to employer-directed non-users, working informal overtime at home is associated with more mental health complaints, while telework is associated with fewer mental and physical health complaints. However, the beneficial association between recognized telework and mental health only applies to employees with relatively small extents of telework. At higher extents of telework, the mental health advantages disappear, while those for physical health tend to remain. Conclusion: This study suggests that a nuanced look at patterns of use and non-use of WFH is essential when gauging its impact on health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Burnoutdimension emotionale Erschöpfung und Einschränkungen der Erwerbsteilhabe: Eine prospektive Studie bei 2308 sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten in Deutschland (2025)
Zitatform
Rose, Uwe, Friederike Buchallik, Hermann Burr & Norbert Kersten (2025): Burnoutdimension emotionale Erschöpfung und Einschränkungen der Erwerbsteilhabe: Eine prospektive Studie bei 2308 sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten in Deutschland. In: Das Gesundheitswesen, S. 1-7. DOI:10.1055/a-2505-9011
Abstract
"In der Studie wird der Zusammenhang zwischen der Burnoutdimension emotionale Erschöpfung mit nachfolgenden Ereignissen der Nichterwerbsteilhabe (Langzeit-Arbeitsunfähigkeit, Arbeitslosigkeit, Frühberentung) und deren Dauer untersucht. Die Datenbasis bildet die Studie zur Mentalen Gesundheit bei der Arbeit (S-MGA); eine Verlaufsstudie basierend auf einer Zufallsstichprobe von n=4511 sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten im Alter von 31–60 Jahren zum Zeitpunkt der Ziehung und einem Follow-up nach 5 Jahren (n=2460). Burnoutsymptome wurden zum Zeitpunkt der Erstbefragung mittels eines schriftlichen Fragebogens erfasst, während die Erwerbs- und die Krankheitshistorie im Follow-up mittels eines Interviews erhoben wurde. Zusammenhänge zwischen der Burnoutskala zu T1 mit darauffolgenden Ereignissen der Nichterwerbsteilhabe wurden im Rahmen eines Two-Part-Models analysiert: d. h. Ereignisse wurden mittels logistischer Regression und deren Dauer mittels Verallgemeinerter Linearer Regressionsmodelle (GLM) prädiziert. Die Burnoutskala war mit dem Ereignis und der Dauer von Langzeit-AU assoziiert; bei den Männern mit einem Odds Ratio=1,72 (95% KI=1,31; 2,27) und bei den Frauen mit einem OR=2,23 (95% KI=1,73; 2,88) je Skalenpunkt für das Auftreten eines Ereignisses. Unter denen, die mindestens einmal Langzeit-AU erlebten, verlängerte sich die Dauer (in Monaten) mit jedem Skalenpunktwert auf der Burnoutskala um den Faktor Exp(β)=1,44 (95% KI=1,23; 1,69) bei Männern und bei den Frauen um den Faktor Exp(β)=1,29 (95% KI=1,09; 1,52). Von einem klinischen und gesundheitsökonomischen Gesichtspunkt aus ist es ein relevanter Befund, dass die Burnoutdimension emotionale Erschöpfung mit Ereignissen und Dauer der Nichterwerbsteilhabe einhergeht." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Hybrid work and mental distress: a cross-sectional study of 24,763 office workers in the Norwegian public sector (2025)
Zitatform
Trevino Garcia, Lorena Edith & Jan Olav Christensen (2025): Hybrid work and mental distress: a cross-sectional study of 24,763 office workers in the Norwegian public sector. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. DOI:10.1007/s00420-025-02136-9
Abstract
"Objective: Few studies have investigated the relationship between post-pandemic hybrid work-from-home (WFH), mental health, and work-life balance. We examined the association between hybrid WFH, mental distress, availability demands, work-life conflict, and life-work conflict. Methods: Data from 24,763 office workers in the public sector in Norway were analyzed by linear and logistic regressions. Results: Employees practicing flexible hybrid WFH (i.e., when needed/desired) were less likely to report mental distress (measured by the Hopkins Symptom-Checklist; HSCL-5) than those not practicing WFH. WFH being self-chosen was associated with less distress. Flexible WFH was also associated with availability demands, work-life conflict, and life-work conflict, which were, in turn, linked to distress. The risk of distress increased with the number of weekly days of flexible WFH. Workers with fixed agreements to regularly WFH did not report significantly less distress than those with no WFH. However, fixed WFH was associated with lower availability demands, not with work-life conflict, and was more often self-chosen than flexible WFH. Conclusion: Flexible WFH may alleviate distress but may also indicate attempts to cope with taxing availability demands, and may even introduce stressors that could reverse beneficial effects. Our results should motivate nuanced, multifactorial assessments of WFH in organizational practice and research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Constructing Mobilities: The Reproduction of Posted Workers' Disposability in the Construction Sector (2024)
Zitatform
Bagnardi, Francesco, Devi Sacchetto & Francesca Alice Vianello (2024): Constructing Mobilities: The Reproduction of Posted Workers' Disposability in the Construction Sector. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 38, H. 6, S. 1703-1724. DOI:10.1177/09500170231225622
Abstract
"Posted work is often framed as a business model based on social dumping. Widespread regulatory evasion is imputed to regulation’s opacity, firms’ predatory practices and trade unions’ inability to organise posted workers. Isolation and precariousness channel posted workers’ agency into individualized reworking or exit strategies. These perspectives, however insightful, focus either on formal regulations, enforcement actors or host countries ’ institutional settings. Drawing on biographical interviews with Italian construction workers posted abroad, and semi-structured interviews with non-posted workers and stakeholders of the sector in Italy, the article adopts an actor-centred perspective and mobilises the concept of labour regime to show how its disciplining elements operating in the construction sector in Italy stick with workers during their postings and enhance their disposability. Although this sticky labor regime constrains workers’ agency abroad, it remains continuously contested and offers ways for workers to subvert it and improve their employment conditions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeiten in bioökonomischen Produktionsprozessen: Eine qualitative Analyse von Arbeit und Beschäftigung in Chemie, Landwirtschaft und Pharmazie (2024)
Zitatform
Brunsen, Hendrik, Agnes Fessler, Yannick Kalff & Hajo Holst (2024): Arbeiten in bioökonomischen Produktionsprozessen. Eine qualitative Analyse von Arbeit und Beschäftigung in Chemie, Landwirtschaft und Pharmazie. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 77, H. 2, S. 89-97. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2024-2-89
Abstract
"Die Umstellung auf eine Bioökonomie soll dem menschengemachten Klimawandel entgegenwirken. Für die Betriebe bedeutet dies eine veränderte stoffliche Basis der Produktion. Der Beitrag untersucht qualitativ die bislang nur randständig beachteten Folgen bioökonomischer Produktionsprozesse für die Arbeitenden. Mittels Expert*inneninterviews und Betriebsfallstudien aus der Landwirtschaft, Chemie und Pharmazie werden drei zentrale Herausforderungen im biobasierten Produktionsprozess herausgearbeitet, die sich direkt auf die Arbeitsbedingungen auswirken: Standardisierungsgrenzen durch die ‚natürlich-lebendige‘ Produktionsbasis, eine vergleichsweise schwache Marktposition und ein hoher Arbeits- und Fachkräftemangel. Für die Arbeitenden werden diese Herausforderungen spürbar durch hohe Wissens- und Flexibilitätsanforderungen, eine hohe Arbeitsintensität sowie eine Verstetigung und sogar Ausweitung atypischer Beschäftigungsverhältnisse – und zwar nicht nur für Akademiker*innen. Die Befunde zeigen, dass Ausbildungsberufe, atypische und geringqualifizierte Arbeit ein – bislang unterschätzter – Bestandteil der Bioökonomie sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Gender inequalities of psychosomatic complaints at work vary by occupational groups of white- and blue-collar and level of skill: A cross sectional study (2024)
Zitatform
Grasshoff, Julia, Batoul Safieddine, Stefanie Sperlich & Johannes Beller (2024): Gender inequalities of psychosomatic complaints at work vary by occupational groups of white- and blue-collar and level of skill: A cross sectional study. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 19. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0303811
Abstract
"Background: Previous research has shown that women report more psychosomatic complaints at work than men. However, knowledge about gender inequalities in psychosomatic complaints within occupational groups and specific symptoms is lacking. This study aims to compare gender inequalities in psychosomatic complaints in the occupational groups of white-collar high-skilled, white-collar low-skilled, blue-collar high-skilled and blue-collar low-skilled workers. Methods: The study implemented a cross sectional design using data from the nationwide German Employment Survey of the Working Population on Qualification and Working Conditions conducted in 2017/ 2018. Psychosomatic complaints were operationalised by the following symptoms: headache, insomnia, tiredness, irritability, dejection, physical fatigue, and emotional fatigue. N = 20012 working German-speaking respondents were sampled. After excluding persons with missing data on the study variables, the sample consisted of N = 16359 persons. Results: Women reported significantly more psychosomatic complaints than men in the subgroups of white-collar high-skilled and white-collar low-skilled (ps < .05), inequalities in blue-collar high-skilled and blue-collar low-skilled only being numerical. Regarding specific symptoms, women reported more psychosomatic complaints then men in the subgroups of white-collar high-skilled workers, white-collar low-skilled workers, and blue-collar low-skilled workers. Headaches, physical fatigue, and emotional fatigue were the most common symptoms. The white-collar high-skilled subgroup had the highest number of symptoms with significant gender inequalities. These effects remained after controlling for age, working hours, parental status and marital status. Conclusions: Gender inequalities in psychosomatic complaints are ubiquitous but vary in their frequency by occupational subgroup and specific psychosomatic complaint. Women in white-collar high-skilled jobs in particular report to be burdened more often by many specific psychosomatic symptoms. Future studies should investigate the reasons for these occupational inequalities and develop interventions to reduce health inequalities in the workplace." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A resource-oriented perspective on the aging workforce – exploring job resource profiles and their associations with various health indicators (2024)
Zitatform
Gut, Vanessa, Sonja Feer & Isabel Baumann (2024): A resource-oriented perspective on the aging workforce – exploring job resource profiles and their associations with various health indicators. In: BMC public health, Jg. 24, H. 1. DOI:10.1186/s12889-024-20098-4
Abstract
"Background: Promoting older workers’ health in the context of increasing labor force participation and skill shortages is crucial. Examining job resource profiles offers a promising approach to understanding how to promote and maintain the health of older workers within the workplace. However, it is unclear how different job resources interact within distinct worker subgroups. Thus, this study explores the association between the job resource profiles of distinct subgroups and various health indicators among older workers in Europe. Methods: Data from 4,079 older workers (age range: 50–60 years, 57% female) from waves 6 and 8 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were analyzed. Latent profile analysis was employed to identify distinct job resource profiles using social support, recognition, job promotion, autonomy, and development opportunities. Associations between these profiles and various health indicators were examined, alongside the sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics associated with each profile. Results: Four distinct job resource profiles emerged: (I) average job resource workers (n = 2170, 53%), (II) high social job resource workers (n = 983, 24%), (III) low job resource workers (n = 538, 13%), and (IV) autonomous decision-making workers (n = 388, 10%). Workers in the (II) high social job resource profile had the highest socioeconomic status and reported the best self-perceived health, lowest depressive symptoms, and fewest limitations and chronic diseases. Conversely, workers in the (III) low job resource profile had the second-lowest socioeconomic status and reported the poorest health outcomes. Surprisingly, older workers with high autonomy (profile IV) had the lowest socioeconomic status and the second worst self-perceived health. This may be because they perceive themselves as autonomous while lacking support and recognition. Conclusion: There is wide variation in the level and composition of resources available to older workers in the workplace. The most vulnerable subgroups, such as low job resource workers (profile III) and autonomous decision-making workers (profile IV), could benefit from tailored workplace health promotion interventions, such as support from supervisors or peers. Strengthening older workers’ job resources, including social support and recognition, can improve their health and contribute to them remaining in the workforce." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Psychische Gesundheit am Arbeitsplatz – Welche Rolle spielen sozioökonomische, geschlechterspezifische und migrationsbedingte Ungleichheiten? (2024)
Herold, Regina ; Kröger, Christoph ; Waldmann, Tamara; Erim, Yesim; Hondong, Sinja; Rothermund, Eva ; Feißt, Manuel ; Mulfinger, Nadine; Hander, Nicole R.; Weber, Jeannette ; Morawa, Eva; Heming, Meike ;Zitatform
Herold, Regina, Manuel Feißt, Eva Morawa, Sinja Hondong, Eva Rothermund, Tamara Waldmann, Meike Heming, Jeannette Weber, Nicole R. Hander, Nadine Mulfinger, Christoph Kröger & Yesim Erim (2024): Psychische Gesundheit am Arbeitsplatz – Welche Rolle spielen sozioökonomische, geschlechterspezifische und migrationsbedingte Ungleichheiten? In: Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz, Jg. 67, H. 7, S. 783-795. DOI:10.1007/s00103-024-03902-9
Abstract
"Hintergrund: Risikofaktoren für die psychische Gesundheit sind häufig in sozioökonomischen, geschlechter- und migrationsspezifischen Ungleichheiten begründet. Diese sowie die Ausprägung der Depressivität, Ängstlichkeit und Somatisierung von Beschäftigten wurden in der vorliegenden Studie untersucht. Methoden: Im Rahmen der friaa-Studie ( „Frühe Intervention am Arbeitsplatz“) wurden psychisch belastete Beschäftigte an 5 Standorten in Deutschland zu soziodemografischen, arbeits-, migrations- und gesundheitsbezogenen Inhalten befragt. Mittels Regressionsanalysen wurde der Zusammenhang dieser Faktoren mit Depressivität (Patient-Health-Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9), Ängstlichkeit (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2, GAD-2) und Somatisierung (Somatic Symptom Scale-8, SSS-8) an der gesamten Stichprobe sowie bei Personen mit Migrationshintergrund (MH) untersucht. Bei Letzteren wurden zusätzlich die Akkulturation (Frankfurter Akkulturationsskala, FRAKK) und das Belastungsempfinden gegenüber Migrationsanforderungen (Demands of Immigration Scale, DIS) berücksichtigt. Ergebnisse: Die 550 Beschäftigten (12 % mit MH) wiesen im Durchschnitt eine klinisch relevante Depressivität (M = 13,0, SD = 5,1) (PHQ-9 ≥ 10), Ängstlichkeit (M = 3,5, SD = 1,7) (GAD ≥ 3) sowie Somatisierung (M = 13,0, SD = 5,8) (SSS-8 ≥ 12) auf. Das weibliche Geschlecht war mit höheren Werten für Ängstlichkeit und Somatisierung assoziiert. Höheres Alter und Nachtschichtarbeit hingen mit stärkerer Somatisierung zusammen. Diskussion: Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die hohe psychische Belastung der Beschäftigten in dieser Stichprobe aus Deutschland. Um deren psychische Gesundheit aufrechtzuerhalten, sollten Unterstützungsmaßnahmen insbesondere für vulnerable Gruppen wie Frauen, ältere Beschäftigte und Nachtschichtarbeitende angeboten werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag)
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Literaturhinweis
Vor dem Kollaps!? Beschäftigung im sozialen Sektor: Empirische Vermessung und Handlungsansätze (2024)
Zitatform
Hohendanner, Christian, Jasmin Rocha & Joß Steinke (2024): Vor dem Kollaps!? Beschäftigung im sozialen Sektor. Empirische Vermessung und Handlungsansätze. Berlin: De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 111 S. DOI:10.1515/9783110748024
Abstract
"Diese Studie bietet eine empirisch fundierte Gesamtschau auf die Beschäftigung in einem der personalintensivsten und am stärksten vom Fachkräftemangel betroffenen Arbeitsfelder in Deutschland: dem sozialen Sektor. Wer das Buch liest, gewinnt ein tieferes Verständnis über Zusammenhänge und die Notwendigkeit, offen über Beschäftigung im sozialen Sektor zu debattieren. Anhand aktueller Daten zeigen die Autor:innen, dass der soziale Sektor im Wettbewerb um Arbeitskräfte schlecht dasteht. Zunehmend fehlen Arbeitskräfte und grundlegende, bislang als selbstverständlich betrachtete Leistungen der sozialen Daseinsvorsorge können immer häufiger nicht mehr erbracht werden. Die Autor:innen zeigen Wege auf, wie soziale Berufe wieder attraktiver und der Kollaps des sozialen Sektors (vielleicht) verhindert werden kann." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter Oldenbourg)