matching – Suchprozesse am Arbeitsmarkt
Offene Stellen bei gleichzeitiger Arbeitslosigkeit - was Arbeitsmarkttheorien u. a. mit "unvollkommener Information" begründen, ist für Unternehmen und Arbeitsuchende oft nur schwer nachzuvollziehen: Unternehmen können freie Stellen nicht besetzen, trotzdem finden Arbeitsuchende nur schwer den passenden Job. Wie gestalten sich die Suchprozesse bei Unternehmen und Arbeitsuchenden, welche Konzessionen sind beide Seiten bereit einzugehen, wie lässt sich das "matching" verbessern?
Diese Infoplattform bietet wissenschaftliche Literatur zur theoretischen und empirischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema.
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Literaturhinweis
Unhappiness and job finding (2014)
Zitatform
Gielen, Anne C. & Jan C. van Ours (2014): Unhappiness and job finding. In: Economica, Jg. 81, H. 323, S. 544-565. DOI:10.1111/ecca.12089
Abstract
"It is puzzling that people feel quite unhappy when they become unemployed, while at the same time active labor market policies are needed to bring unemployed back to work more quickly. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we investigate whether there is indeed such a puzzle. First, we find that nearly half of the unemployed do not experience a drop in happiness, which might explain why at least some workers need to be activated. In addition to that, we find that even though unemployed who experience a drop in happiness search more actively for a job, it does not speed up their job finding. Apparently, there is no link between unhappiness and the speed of job finding. Hence, there is no contradiction between unemployed being unhappy and the need for activation policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Determinanten der Arbeitssuche atypisch Beschäftigter (2014)
Zitatform
Himsel, Carina & Ulrich Walwei (2014): Determinanten der Arbeitssuche atypisch Beschäftigter. In: Arbeit. Zeitschrift für Arbeitsforschung, Arbeitsgestaltung und Arbeitspolitik, Jg. 23, H. 3, S. 225-241., 2014-09-25. DOI:10.1515/arbeit-2014-0306
Abstract
"Seit Beginn der 1990er Jahre befinden sich die Erwerbsformen im Wandel, die Zahl atypisch Beschäftigter legte kontinuierlich zu. Unser Fokus liegt in diesem Beitrag auf den Präferenzen und Motiven atypisch Beschäftigter und dabei insbesondere auf der Frage, ob die Aufnahme einer atypischen Beschäftigung auch im Sinne der Arbeitnehmer liegt oder diese eine Veränderung ihrer Beschäftigungssituation anstreben. Hierfür werden das Suchverhalten und Gründe für die Arbeitssuche näher betrachtet. Es zeigt sich, dass atypisch Beschäftigte häufiger als unbefristet Vollzeitbeschäftigte eine andere oder weitere Tätigkeit suchen, bei geringfügig Beschäftigten ist die Suchintensität am größten. Tendenziell suchen Männer, Geringqualifizierte sowie Personen ohne Partner häufiger eine andere Tätigkeit. In der letzten Dekade hat die Suchintensität atypisch Beschäftigter zugenommen, allerdings geht die höhere Suchintensität zum Ende der letzten Dekade nicht allein auf die Hartz-Reformen zurück, sondern insbesondere auch mit einer verbesserten Arbeitsmarktlage einher. Atypisch Beschäftigte, die nach einer anderen Tätigkeit suchen, stellen für die Arbeitsmarktpolitik ein besonderes Potenzial dar. Wird dieses Potenzial durch geeignete Maßnahmen und Initiativen erschlossen, würde man damit einen wertvollen Beitrag zur Fachkräftesicherung, zur Stabilisierung von Erwerbsbiografien und zu individueller Aufwärtsmobilität leisten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
On-the-job search and finding a good job through social contacts (2014)
Horvath, Gergely;Zitatform
Horvath, Gergely (2014): On-the-job search and finding a good job through social contacts. In: The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics, Jg. 14, H. 1, S. 1-33. DOI:10.1515/bejte-2013-0033
Abstract
"The interactions between on-the-job search and finding a job through social contacts are investigated in a Diamond - Mortensen - Pissarides search model with heterogeneous wages. Workers may find a job through their social contacts and on the formal market. The presence of social contacts increases the overall welfare in society as it rises the number of workers earning high wages and decreases the unemployment rate. However, unemployed workers finding a job through social ties earn lower wages on average than those who obtain a job on the formal market. This result follows from on-the-job search: employed workers pass only those offers on to their neighbors that pay (weakly) lower wages than their current wages earned. Despite the wage discount, unemployed workers still might find it beneficial to search via social ties because arrival rate of offers is higher for this channel than for the formal market when the number of neighbors is sufficiently large. There is a trade-off between unemployment duration and wages earned for workers obtaining a job via social ties." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Measuring heterogeneity in job finding rates among the nonemployed using labor force status histories (2014)
Zitatform
Kudlyak, Marianna & Fabian Lange (2014): Measuring heterogeneity in job finding rates among the nonemployed using labor force status histories. (IZA discussion paper 8663), Bonn, 30 S.
Abstract
"We use a novel approach to studying the heterogeneity in the job finding rates of the nonemployed by classifying the nonemployed by labor force status (LFS) histories, instead of using only one-month LFS. Job finding rates differ substantially across LFS histories: they are 25-30% among those currently out of the labor force (OLF) with recent employment, 10% among those currently OLF who have been unemployed but not employed in the previous two months, and 2% among those who have been OLF in all three previous months. This heterogeneity cannot be deduced from the one-month LFS or from one-month responses to the CPS survey questions about desire to work or recent search activity. We conclude that LFS histories is an important predictor of the nonemployed's job finding probability, particularly for those OLF." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effects of savings on reservation wages and search effort (2014)
Lammers, Marloes;Zitatform
Lammers, Marloes (2014): The effects of savings on reservation wages and search effort. In: Labour economics, Jg. 27, H. April, S. 83-98. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2014.03.001
Abstract
"This paper discusses the interrelations among wealth, reservation wages and search effort. A theoretical job search model predicts wealth to affect reservation wages positively, and search effort negatively. Subsequently, reduced form equations for reservation wages and search intensity take these theoretical results to the data. The data used is a Dutch panel, containing detailed information on individual wealth and income, subjective reservation wages and proxies for search effort. The main empirical results show that wealth has a significantly positive effect on reservation wages of both household heads and spouses, and a significantly negative effect on the search effort of household heads." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Inefficient hiring in entry-level labor markets (2014)
Pallais, Amanda;Zitatform
Pallais, Amanda (2014): Inefficient hiring in entry-level labor markets. In: The American Economic Review, Jg. 104, H. 11, S. 3565-3599. DOI:10.1257/aer.104.11.3565
Abstract
"Hiring inexperienced workers generates information about their abilities. If this information is public, workers obtain its benefits. If workers cannot compensate firms for hiring them, firms will hire too few inexperienced workers. I determine the effects of hiring workers and revealing more information about their abilities through a field experiment in an online marketplace. I hired 952 randomly-selected workers, giving them either detailed or coarse public evaluations. Both hiring workers and providing more detailed evaluations substantially improved workers' subsequent employment outcomes. Under plausible assumptions, the experiment's market-level benefits exceeded its cost, suggesting that some experimental workers had been inefficiently unemployed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: NBER working paper , 18917 -
Literaturhinweis
Getting to work: experimental evidence on job search and transportation costs (2014)
Phillips, David C.;Zitatform
Phillips, David C. (2014): Getting to work. Experimental evidence on job search and transportation costs. In: Labour economics, Jg. 29, H. August, S. 72-82. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2014.07.005
Abstract
"Do transportation costs constrain job search in urban low wage labor markets? I test this question by providing transit subsidies to randomly selected clients of a non-profit employment agency. The subsidies generate a large, short-run increase in search intensity for a transit subsidy group relative to a control group receiving standard job search services but no transit subsidy. In the first two weeks, individuals assigned to the transit subsidy group apply and interview for 19% more jobs than those not receiving subsidies. The subsidies generate the greatest increase in search intensity for individuals living far from employment opportunities. Some suggestive evidence indicates that greater search intensity translates into shorter unemployment durations. These results provide experimental evidence in support of the theory that search costs over space can depress job search intensity, contributing to persistent urban poverty in neighborhoods far from job opportunities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Stellenbesetzungsprozesse am deutschen Arbeitsmarkt: Schwierigkeiten und die besondere Bedeutung sozialer Netzwerke (2014)
Rebien, Martina;Zitatform
Rebien, Martina (2014): Stellenbesetzungsprozesse am deutschen Arbeitsmarkt. Schwierigkeiten und die besondere Bedeutung sozialer Netzwerke. (IAB-Bibliothek 349), Bielefeld: Bertelsmann, 137 S. DOI:10.3278/300855w
Abstract
"Was zeichnet schwierige Stellenbesetzungen bei der betrieblichen Personalsuche aus? Welche Rolle spielen dabei soziale Netzwerke - also Freunde, Verwandte und andere persönliche Kontakte? Sind Jobs, die über soziale Netzwerke gefunden wurden, tatsächlich 'bessere' Jobs? Und welche Vorteile haben Betriebe, die ihr Personal über soziale Netzwerke rekrutieren? Diesen Fragen geht Martina Rebien in ihrer Dissertationsschrift nach. Sie legt dar, dass einige gängige Annahmen über Schwierigkeiten bei der Stellenbesetzung und über die Bedeutung sozialer Netzwerke am Arbeitsmarkt einer tieferen empirischen Überprüfung nicht standhalten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
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Literaturhinweis
Coworkers, networks, and job search outcomes (2014)
Zitatform
Saygin, Perihan Ozge, Andrea Weber & Michèle A. Weynandt (2014): Coworkers, networks, and job search outcomes. (IZA discussion paper 8174), Bonn, 37 S.
Abstract
"Social networks are an important channel of information transmission in the labor market. This paper studies the mechanisms by which social networks have an impact on labor market outcomes of displaced workers. We base our analysis on administrative records for the universe of private sector employment in Austria where we define work-related networks formed by past co-workers. To distinguish between mechanisms of information transmission, we adopt two different network perspectives. From the job-seeker's perspective we analyze how network characteristics affect job finding rates and wages in the new jobs. Then we switch to the perspective of the hiring firm and analyze which types of displaced workers get hired by firms that are connected to a closing firm via past co-worker links. Our results indicate that employment status and the firm types of former co-workers are crucial for the job finding success of their displaced contacts. Moreover, 21% of displaced workers find a new job in a firm that is connected to their former workplace. Among all workers that were displaced from the same closing firm those with a direct link to a former co-worker are twice as likely to be hired by the connected firm than workers without a link. These results highlight the role of work related networks in the transmission of job information and strongly suggest that job referrals are an important mechanism." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Free to move?: a network analytic approach for learning the limits to job mobility (2014)
Zitatform
Schmutte, Ian M. (2014): Free to move? A network analytic approach for learning the limits to job mobility. In: Labour economics, Jg. 29, H. August, S. 49-61. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2014.05.003
Abstract
"Job mobility has many overlapping determinants that are hard to characterize solely on the basis of industry or occupation transitions. Workers may match with, and move to, particular jobs on the basis of match quality, preferences, human capital, and mobility costs. This paper implements a novel method based on complex network analysis to describe how workers move from job to job. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), I find first that the labor market is composed of four distinct segments between which job mobility is relatively unlikely. Second, these segments are not well-described on the basis of industry, occupation, demographic characteristics, or education. Third, mobility segments are associated with earnings heterogeneity, and there is evidence of positive assortative matching across segments. Fourth, the boundaries to job mobility are counter-cyclical: workers move more freely when unemployment is low." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social capital activation and job searching: embedding the use of weak ties in the American institutional context (2014)
Zitatform
Sharone, Ofer (2014): Social capital activation and job searching: embedding the use of weak ties in the American institutional context. In: Work and occupations, Jg. 41, H. 4, S. 409-439. DOI:10.1177/0730888414538432
Abstract
"By comparing job seekers' use of weak ties in Israel and the United States, this article shows that Granovetter's canonical findings are rooted in the particular institutional context of the American white-collar labor market. Drawing on in-depth interviews with three distinct groups of white-collar job seekers: Americans searching in the United States, Israelis searching in Israel, and Israelis searching in the United States, this article untangles cultural and institutional factors underlying the use of weak ties and shows how labor market institutions and processes of hiring shape systematic variations in job seekers' utilization of weak ties." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Landing the first job: the value of intermediaries in online hiring (2014)
Zitatform
Stanton, Christopher & Catherine Thomas (2014): Landing the first job. The value of intermediaries in online hiring. (CEP discussion paper 1316), London, 64 S.
Abstract
"Online markets for remote labor services allow workers and firms to contract with each other directly. Despite this, intermediaries - called outsourcing agencies - have emerged in these markets. This paper shows that agencies signal to employers that inexperienced workers are high quality. Workers affiliated with an agency have substantially higher job-finding probabilities and wages at the beginning of their careers compared to similar workers without an agency affiliation. This advantage declines after high-quality non-affiliated workers receive good public feedback scores. The results indicate that intermediaries have arisen endogenously to permit a more efficient allocation of workers to jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Search and nonwage job characteristics (2014)
Zitatform
Sullivan, Paul & Ted To (2014): Search and nonwage job characteristics. In: The Journal of Human Resources, Jg. 49, H. 2, S. 472-507.
Abstract
"This paper quantifies the importance of nonwage job characteristics to workers by estimating a structural on- the- job search model. The model generalizes the standard search framework by allowing workers to search for jobs based on both wages and job- specific nonwage utility flows. Within the structure of the search model, data on accepted wages and wage changes at job transitions identify the importance of nonwage utility through revealed preference. The estimates reveal that utility from nonwage job characteristics plays an important role in determining job mobility, the value of jobs to workers, and the gains from job search." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Active labour-market policies in Germany: do regional labour markets benefit? (2014)
Wapler, Rüdiger; Werner, Daniel; Wolf, Katja;Zitatform
Wapler, Rüdiger, Daniel Werner & Katja Wolf (2014): Active labour-market policies in Germany. Do regional labour markets benefit? (IAB-Discussion Paper 28/2014), Nürnberg, 52 S.
Abstract
"Aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik (AAMP) beeinflusst nicht nur den Arbeitsmarkterfolg der Teilnehmer sondern kann durch indirekte Effekte auch den Arbeitsmarkterfolg von Nichtteilnehmern beeinflussen. Auch wenn AAMP eine positive Wirkung auf die Teilnehmer hat, kann somit nicht geschlussfolgert werden, dass der Einsatz von AAMP mit einer allgemeinen Verbesserung der Arbeitsmarktsituation einhergeht. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich daher mit der Frage, ob es durch den Einsatz von AAMP gelingt, den Matching-Prozess zwischen Arbeitsuchenden und offenen Stellen zu verbessern und somit die Gesamtzahl der Übergänge aus Arbeitsuche in Beschäftigung zu erhöhen. Untersucht wird dies auf Ebene der Agenturen für Arbeit für den Zeitraum 2006 bis 2010 für Arbeitsuchende (Arbeitslose und Maßnahmeteilnehmer) im Rechtskreis Sozialgesetzbuch III (SGB III). Aus mikroökonomischen Evaluationsstudien ist bekannt, dass die Sucheffektivität der Teilnehmer während der Maßnahme aufgrund des Einbindungseffekts niedrig ist, gegen Ende der Maßnahme aber ansteigt. Im Gegensatz zu bisherigen Studien berücksichtigen wir dies in unseren Analysen und unterscheiden zwischen aktuellen und ehemaligen Maßnahmeteilnehmern. Wie unsere Ergebnisse auf Basis einer erweiterten Matching-Funktion zeigen, ist der Einbindungseffekt auch auf der regionalen Ebene zu beobachten. Eine höhere Sucheffektivität durch die Teilnahme an einer Maßnahme wird auf regionaler Ebene jedoch nicht (vollständig) durch mögliche indirekte Effekte auf die Nichtteilnehmer überlagert. Ein höherer Anteil von ehemaligen Maßnahmeteilnehmern unter den Arbeitssuchenden geht mit einem Anstieg der Übergänge aus Arbeitslosigkeit in Beschäftigung einher. Wie diese Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, verbessert der Einsatz von AAMP den regionalen Matching-Prozess. Dieser Effekt variiert deutlich zwischen verschiedenen Arten von Maßnahmen. Positive Effekte zeigen sich für den Anteil ehemaliger Teilnehmer im Fall des Eingliederungszuschusses und Maßnahmen zur Förderung der beruflichen Weiterbildung, die länger als sechs Monate dauern, sowie für Teilnehmer an betrieblichen Trainingsmaßnahmen. Weiterhin zeigen unsere Ergebnisse, dass der Effekt der verschiedenen Maßnahmen teils von der regionalen Arbeitsmarktsituation beeinflusst wird." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Self determination theory and employed job search (2014)
Zitatform
Welters, Riccardo, William Mitchell & Joan Muysken (2014): Self determination theory and employed job search. In: Journal of economic psychology, Jg. 44, H. October, S. 34-44. DOI:10.1016/j.joep.2014.06.002
Abstract
"Self Determination Theory (SDT) predicts that employees who use controlled motivation to search for alternate (better) work are less successful than their counterparts who use autonomous motivation. Using Australian labour market data, we find strong support for SDT. We find that workers who face externally regulated pressures (pressure arising from involuntary part-time or casual labour contracts) to search for alternate employment are less likely to find better work, than workers who use autonomous motives to search for work. Our findings suggest that labour market policies trending towards 'labour market flexibility/deregulation' - which provide workers with controlled motives to search for work - will contribute to workers cycling through spells of insecure employment and possibly intermittent spells of unemployment with no realistic prospect of career development." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The life-cycle profile of time spent on job search (2013)
Zitatform
Aguiar, Mark, Erik Hurst & Loukas Karabarbounis (2013): The life-cycle profile of time spent on job search. In: The American Economic Review. Papers and Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association, Jg. 103, H. 3, S. 111-116. DOI:10.1257/aer.103.3.111
Abstract
"Using time use survey data we document a hump-shaped profile of job search time in the United States across the life-cycle. The middle-aged unemployed spend roughly three times as much time in job search as the youngest group of unemployed. The hump-shaped profile of job search time is relatively stable across demographic groups. However, the profile of job search time appears to be declining in non-US countries. We discuss how standard life-cycle models with incomplete markets have difficulty in accounting for the hump-shaped profile found in the US data." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How do the unemployed search for a job?: evidence from the EU Labour Force Survey (2013)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald & Daniel Baumgarten (2013): How do the unemployed search for a job? Evidence from the EU Labour Force Survey. In: IZA journal of European Labor Studies, Jg. 2, S. 1-25. DOI:10.1186/2193-9012-2-22
Abstract
"Auf Basis von harmonisierten Mikrodaten wird in diesem Papier das Job-Suchverhalten von Arbeitslosen in Europa untersucht. Dabei richtet sich das Augenmerk sowohl auf individuelle und haushaltsspezifische Determinanten des Suchverhaltens als auch auf Unterschiede zwischen den Ländern. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sowohl individuelle als auch haushaltsspezifische Charakteristika - letztere vor allem bei Frauen - eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Jedoch bestehen, selbst wenn man für diese Faktoren kontrolliert, erhebliche Unterschiede zwischen den Ländern, die mit institutionellen Charakteristika des Arbeitsmarktes im Zusammenhang stehen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Mismatch unemployment: evidence from Germany 2000-2010 (2013)
Zitatform
Bauer, Anja (2013): Mismatch unemployment. Evidence from Germany 2000-2010. (IAB-Discussion Paper 10/2013), Nürnberg, 35 S.
Abstract
"In diesem Papier wird das Ausmaß der Mismatch-Arbeitslosigkeit mittels eines umfangreichen administrativen Datensatzes, durch welchen Industrien, Berufe und Regionen in unterschiedlichen Disaggregationsstufen analysiert werden können, quantifiziert. Regionaler Mismatch spielt eine untergeordnete Rolle für die Entwicklung der Arbeitslosenquote in Deutschland. Auf Industrie- und Berufsebene kann festgestellt werden, dass die Mismatch-Arbeitslosenquote von über 5% auf unter 4% fällt (auf der detailliertesten Disaggregationsstufe), aber der Anteil der Mismatch-Arbeitslosigkeit an der aggregierten Arbeitslosenquote in der Beobachtungsperiode von 2000 bis 2010 nahezu unverändert bleibt. Es gibt keine Evidenz, dass die Hartz-Reformen Mismatch substantiell reduziert haben. Diese Beobachtung wird dadurch bestärkt, dass die Reformen berufliche Reallokationsprozesse ebenfalls nicht beschleunigen konnten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Structural empirical evaluation of job search monitoring (2013)
Zitatform
Berg, Gerard J. van den & Bas van der Klaauw (2013): Structural empirical evaluation of job search monitoring. (IZA discussion paper 7740), Bonn, 39 S.
Abstract
"We structurally estimate a novel job search model with endogenous job search effort, job quality dispersion, and effort monitoring, taking into account that monitoring effects may be mitigated by on-the-job search and search channel substitution. The data are from a randomized experiment conducted in the Netherlands. They include registers of post unemployment outcomes like wages and job mobility, and survey data on measures of search behavior. As such we are the first to study monitoring effects on post-unemployment outcomes. We find that the option to climb the job ladder reduces substitution between search channels during unemployment and compensates for adverse long-run effects of monitoring on wages. We use the structural estimates to compare monitoring to counterfactual policies against moral hazard, like re-employment bonuses and changes in the unemployment benefits path. Replacing monitoring by an overall benefits reduction in a way that is neutral to the worker results in slightly smaller effects with lower administrative costs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Monitoring job search effort with hyperbolic time preferences and non-compliance: a welfare analysis (2013)
Zitatform
Cockx, Bart, Corinna Ghirelli & Bruno Van der Linden (2013): Monitoring job search effort with hyperbolic time preferences and non-compliance. A welfare analysis. (IZA discussion paper 7266), Bonn, 42 S.
Abstract
"This paper develops a partial equilibrium job search model to study the behavioral and welfare implications of an Unemployment Insurance (UI) scheme in which job search requirements are imposed on UI recipients with hyperbolic preferences. We show that, if the search requirements are well chosen, a perfect monitoring scheme can in principle increase the job finding rate and, contrary to what happens with exponential discounting, it can raise the expected lifetime utility of the current and future selves of sophisticated hyperbolic discounters. The same holds for naive agents if the welfare criterion ignores their misperception problem. In sum, introducing a perfect monitoring scheme can be a Pareto improvement. However, if claimants have the opportunity to withdraw from the UI scheme, their long-run utility can even be lower than in the absence of job search requirements. Imperfections in the measurement of job-search effort further reduce the chances that monitoring raises the welfare of the unemployed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: CESifo working paper , 4187