FDZ-Literatur / FDZ Literature
Die FDZ-Literaturdatenbank umfasst neben Datensatzbeschreibungen und Methodenberichten die zahlreichen Forschungsarbeiten, die auf Basis der am FDZ angebotenen Daten entstanden sind. Hier finden Sie aktuell laufende Projekte von FDZ-Nutzenden.
Darüber hinaus stehen die Literaturdatenbank zum IAB-Betriebspanel sowie die Literaturdatenbank zum PASS zur Verfügung.
Apart from dataset descriptions and methodology reports, the FDZ literature database contains numerous research papers written on the basis of the data provided by the FDZ. Here you can find currently ungoing research projects of FDZ users.
In addition, literature databases on the IAB Establishment Panel and the Panel Study Labour Market and Social Security (PASS) are available for research.
- FDZ Publikationen / FDZ publications
- Arbeiten und Lernen im Wandel / Working and Learning in a Changing World (ALWA)
- BA-Beschäftigtenpanel / BA Employment Panel
- Datensatz SOEP-CMI-ADIAB
- Berufliche Weiterbildung und lebenslanges Lernen (WeLL)/Further Training and Lifelong Learning (WeLL
- Berufstätigenerhebung 1989 (BTE1989) / Employment survey for East Germany (DDR) 1989 (BTE1989)
- Beschäftigtenbefragung "Bonuszahlungen, Lohnzuwächse und Gerechtigkeit" - BLoG
- Betriebsbefragung IAB-IZA-ZEW-Arbeitswelt 4.0 (BIZA) und DiWaBe-Beschäftigtenbefragung
- Biografiedaten dt. Sozialversicherungsträger / Biographical data of social insurances (BASiD)
- Datensatz NEPS-SC1-ADIAB Neugeborene
- Datensatz NEPS-SC3-ADIAB Schüler Klasse 5
- Datensatz NEPS-SC4-ADIAB Schüler Klasse 9
- Datensatz NEPS-SC5-ADIAB Studierende
- Datensatz NEPS-SC6-ADIAB Erwachsene
- Datenspeicher Gesellschaftliches Arbeitsvermögen verknüpft mit administrativen Daten des IAB (GAV-ADIAB) 1975-2019
- GAW-IAB-Gründerbefragung
- German Management and Organizational Practices (GMOP) Survey
- IAB-BAMF-SOEP Befragung von Geflüchteten
- IAB-Beschäftigtenstichprobe / IAB Employment Sample
- IAB-Betriebs-Historik-Panel / IAB Establishment History Panel
- IAB-Betriebspanel / IAB Establishment Panel
- IAB-Datensatz BeCovid
- IAB-Datensatz HOPP
- IAB-Linked-Employer-Employee-Datensatz (LIAB) / Linked Employer-Employee Data from the IAB
- IAB-Querschnittsbefragung / Cross-sectional survey
- IAB-SOEP Migrationsstichprobe (IAB-SOEP MIG)
- IAB-Stellenerhebung / IAB Job Vacancy Survey
- IZA/IAB Administrativer Evaluationsdatensatz (AED und LED) / IZA Evaluation Dataset Survey
- Kundenbefragung zu Organisationsstrukturen nach SGB II / Client survey on German SGBII-Agencies
- LidA - Leben in der Arbeit
- Linked Inventor Biography Data
- Linked Personnel Panel (LPP)
- Mannheimer Unternehmenspanel (MUP) verknüpft mit Daten des IAB
- Panel Arbeitsmarkt und soziale Sicherung (PASS) / Panel Study Labour Market and Social Security
- Stichprobe Integrierter Employer-Employee Daten (SIEED)/Sample of Integrated Employer-Employee Data
- Stichprobe der Integr. Arbeitsmarktbiografien/Sample of integrated labour market biographies (SIAB)
- Stichprobe der Integrierten Grundsicherungsbiografien (SIG)
- Stichprobe des Administrative Wage and Labor Market Flow Panel (FDZ-AWFP)
- Studie Mentale Gesundheit bei der Arbeit (S-MGA)
-
Literaturhinweis
The hiring of older workers: evidence from Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Busch, Fabian, Robert Fenge & Carsten Ochsen (2025): The hiring of older workers: evidence from Germany. In: Empirical economics, Jg. 68, H. 1, S. 139-163. DOI:10.1007/s00181-024-02637-5
Abstract
"This article analyzes how hiring older workers adjusts to demographic change in the labor force by using information from more than 500,000 firms in Germany. We find robust evidence that firms faced with an ageing labor market hire relatively more older workers. However, the pace of this adjustment is relatively slow, particularly when ageing happens outside the firm. The tendency to employ older people is more considerable in East Germany, where the demographic change moves forward faster. Furthermore, part-time working models support hiring older workers, but this effect becomes less important in larger firms and East Germany. Finally, while partial retirement regulations enhance flexibility within the firm, they, unfortunately, diminish the employment opportunities for older external job seekers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Data product DOI: 10.5164/IAB.BHP7520.de.en.v1 -
Literaturhinweis
Bargaining and Inequality in the Labor Market (2025)
Caldwell, Sydnee; Heining, Jörg; Hägele, Ingrid;Zitatform
Caldwell, Sydnee, Ingrid Hägele & Jörg Heining (2025): Bargaining and Inequality in the Labor Market. (IAB-Discussion Paper 02/2025), Nürnberg, 155 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.DP.2502
Abstract
"Unter Verwendung von neuartigen Daten aus einer Unternehmens‑ und einer Beschäftigtenbefragung, die mit administrativen Employer‑Employee‑Daten verknüpft wurden, wird in diesem Papier die Verbreitung und Bedeutung von individuellen Lohnverhandlungen bei der Lohnfestsetzung untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, dass einfache Fragen ausreichend sind, um die Lohnverhandlungsstrategien von Unternehmen genau ermitteln. Anhand der ermittelten Strategien für 772 deutsche Unternehmen dokumentieren wir, dass die Mehrheit der Unternehmen bereit ist, individuelle Lohnverhandlungen zu führen. Arbeitsmarktfaktoren sagen die Strategien der Unternehmen besser voraus als Unternehmensmerkmale. Weiter zeigen die Befragungsergebnisse von fast 10.000 Vollzeitbeschäftigten, dass die meisten Interaktionen zwischen Arbeitnehmer und Unternehmen damit beginnen, dass der Arbeitnehmer seine Gehaltsvorstellungen äußert. Die meisten Interaktionen enden damit, dass der Arbeitnehmer das Angebot ablehnt und im bestehenden Unternehmen bleibt. Das Verhandlungsverhalten der Arbeitnehmer ist sehr heterogen, was sich in Lohnungleichheit innerhalb des Unternehmens niederschlägt. Unternehmen, die die Löhne durch individuelle Verhandlungen festlegen, weisen einen um drei Prozentpunkte höheren geschlechtsspezifischen Lohnunterschied auf." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Interaction of Public and Private Employment: Evidence from a German Government Move (2025)
Zitatform
Faggio, Giulia, Teresa Schlüter & Philipp Vom Berge (2025): Interaction of Public and Private Employment: Evidence from a German Government Move. In: Regional Science and Urban Economics, Jg. 111, H. March, 2025-01-03. DOI:10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104084
Abstract
"We use the German government move from Bonn to Berlin in 1999 to explore the interaction between public and private sector employment within a local labor market. Our findings show a positive effect of public sector expansion on private sector employment, with a local multiplier of 1.32–1.35, mainly driven by the service sector. The policy impact is highly localized, strongest within 300 m of a relocation site, and evident one year after the relocation. Three quarters of new private sector jobs were created by establishments that did not exist before 1998. These newly created jobs disproportionally employ women, younger workers, individuals in managerial and professional roles, and those with lower levels of education." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Regionale Unterschiede im Gender Pay Gap in Deutschland 2023 (2025)
Zitatform
Fuchs, Michaela, Anja Rossen, Antje Weyh & Gabriele Wydra-Somaggio (2025): Regionale Unterschiede im Gender Pay Gap in Deutschland 2023. (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung. Aktuelle Daten und Indikatoren), Nürnberg, 16 S.
Abstract
"Die vorliegenden Auswertungen beinhalten Angaben zum Tagesentgelt sozialversicherungspflichtig vollzeitbeschäftigter Frauen und Männer sowie zum unbereinigten und bereinigten Gender Pay Gap in den Bundesländern und Kreisen Deutschlands für das Jahr 2023. Nähere Erläuterungen zu den Einflussfaktoren auf die unterschiedlichen regionalen Gender Pay Gaps finden sich im IAB-Forumsbeitrag von Fuchs, Weyh und Wydra-Somaggio (2025). Wir nutzen Daten der Beschäftigtenhistorik (BeH) des IAB. Die BeH enthält u. a. Angaben zum täglichen Bruttoarbeitsentgelt aller sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten. Das Bruttoentgelt enthält auch Sonderzahlungen, wie beispielsweise Weihnachts- oder Urlaubsgeld, bezahlte Überstunden oder Nacht- und Feiertagszuschläge. Als regionalen Lohn verwenden wir den Durchschnitt des nominalen Bruttotagesentgelts aller sozialversicherungspflichtig vollzeitbeschäftigten Frauen und Männer (ohne Auszubildende) mit Arbeitsort in dem betrachteten Kreis zum Stichtag 30.06.2023. Die Angaben aus der BeH ergänzen wir mit Informationen aus den Integrierten Erwerbsbiographien (IEB). Hierdurch wird die Erwerbsbiographie der einzelnen Personen berücksichtigt und gewährleistet, dass auch Zeiten der Nichtbeschäftigung Berücksichtigung finden. Betriebliche Merkmale ergänzen wir aus dem Betriebs-Historik-Panel (BHP). Für die Analyse der Lohnlücke zwischen Frauen und Männern greifen wir auf die klassische Oaxaca-Blinder-Zerlegungsmethode (Oaxaca 1973 und Blinder 1973) zurück. Hierbei werden für die Kreise zunächst getrennte Schätzungen der logarithmierten Löhne für Frauen und für Männer durchgeführt, um die geschlechtsspezifischen Einflüsse der berücksichtigten individuellen und betriebsspezifischen Bestimmungsfaktoren zu quantifizieren. Individuelle Merkmale der Beschäftigten umfassen Alter, Nationalität, Qualifikation, Beruf und die Dauer einer möglichen Erwerbsunterbrechung (siehe Fuchs u. a. 2019a). Wir berücksichtigen zudem, ob die Person einen befristeten Arbeitsvertrag oder eine Führungsposition innehat. Da die Arbeitskräftemobilität zwischen den Kreisen teilweise sehr groß ist, kontrollieren wir außerdem für Pendeln zum Arbeitsort sowie dafür, wie lange eine Person schon an ihrem aktuellen Arbeitsort tätig ist. Zu den berücksichtigten Merkmalen der Betriebe, in denen die Beschäftigten arbeiten, zählen die Betriebsgröße, die Qualifikationsstruktur im Betrieb und die mittlere Lohnhöhe wie auch die Lohnspreizung im Betrieb (Fuchs u. a. 2019b). Aufgrund der starken Korrelation zwischen der Berufs- und Branchenvariable verwenden wir in den Modellen nur den Beruf, den eine Person ausübt." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Adjusters and Casualties: The Anatomy of Labor Market Displacement (2025)
Zitatform
Hanushek, Eric A., Simon Janssen, Jacob D. Light & Lisa Simon (2025): Adjusters and Casualties: The Anatomy of Labor Market Displacement. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17889), Bonn, 54 S.
Abstract
"We analyze the full distribution of displaced workers' earnings losses using a new method that combines matching and synthetic control group approaches at the individual level. We find that the distribution of earnings losses is highly skewed. Average losses, as estimated by conventional event studies, are driven by a small number of workers who suffer catastrophic losses, while most recover quickly. Observable worker characteristics explain only a small fraction of the variance in earnings losses. Instead, we find substantial heterogeneity in earnings losses even among workers displaced by the same firm who have identical observed characteristics such as education, age, and gender. Workers with minimal earnings losses adjust quickly by switching industries, occupations, and especially regions, while comparable workers with catastrophic losses adjust slowly, even though they are forced to make comparable numbers of switches in the long run." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Janssen, Simon; -
Literaturhinweis
The employment statistics of severely disabled people: description and research potential (2025)
Zitatform
Hiesinger, Karolin, Laura Pohlan & Franka Vetter (2025): The employment statistics of severely disabled people: description and research potential. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 59, H. 1, 2025-02-20. DOI:10.1186/s12651-025-00395-0
Abstract
"This article presents a description of the employment statistics of severely disabled people (BsbM) a unique administrative firm database of the German Federal Employment Agency. The data is collected as part of the process of administrating firm compliance with the disabled worker quota. This article examines the development of firms’ compliance with the disability quota over time and identifies factors associated with a higher likelihood of compliance. It also highlights the research opportunities offered by the dataset and its potential for further refinement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Wie Roboter die betriebliche Beschäftigungsstruktur verändern (2025)
Zitatform
Müller, Steffen & Verena Plümpe (2025): Wie Roboter die betriebliche Beschäftigungsstruktur verändern. In: Wirtschaft im Wandel, Jg. 31, H. 1, S. 10-13. DOI:10.18717/wwfyns-ep75
Abstract
"Der Einsatz von Robotern verändert die Arbeitswelt grundlegend – doch welche spezifischen Effekte hat dies auf die Beschäftigungsstruktur? Unsere Analyse untersucht die Folgen des Robotereinsatzes anhand neuartiger Mikrodaten aus deutschen Industriebetrieben. Diese Daten verknüpfen Informationen zum Robotereinsatz mit Sozialversicherungsdaten und detaillierten Angaben zu Arbeitsaufgaben. Auf Basis eines theoretischen Modells leiten wir insbesondere positive Beschäftigungseffekte für Berufe mit wenig repetitiven, programmierbaren Aufgaben ab, sowie für jüngere Arbeitskräfte, weil diese sich besser an technologische Veränderungen anpassen können. Die empirische, mikroökonomische Analyse des Robotereinsatzes auf Betriebsebene bestätigt diese Vorhersagen: Die Beschäftigung steigt für Techniker, Ingenieure und Manager und junge Beschäftigte, während sie bei geringqualifizierten Routineberufen sowie bei Älteren stagniert. Zudem steigt die Fluktuation bei geringqualifizierten Arbeitskräften signifikant an. Unsere Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass der Verdrängungseffekt von Robotern berufsabhängig ist, während junge Arbeitskräfte neue Tätigkeiten übernehmen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
The Effects of Expanding Higher Education on Wages and Establishments’ Labor Demand (2025)
Zitatform
Schuss, Eric (2025): The Effects of Expanding Higher Education on Wages and Establishments’ Labor Demand. (Working paper / Swiss Leading House 239), Zürich, 50 S.
Abstract
"This study examines the impact of increased access to higher education on labor demand, wages, and labor market structure. I focus on the quasi-experimental increase in the number of universities and universities of applied sciences in Bavaria since the 1970s and establishment of such higher education institutes under the “Future of Bavaria Offensive” program in the 1990s. I use administrative establishment-level data and find a positive but statistically insignificant e↵ect on median wages resulting from expansion of higher education. While there is a negative but insignificant impact on wages of highly skilled workers, those without academic or vocational degree experience an increase in wages. I also find that training activities decline immediately after establishment of a new higher education institution. Further empirical analyses indicate that this decline is driven by changes in educational choices of school graduates rather than by labor demand of establishments." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
-
Literaturhinweis
Who perceives lower wages for women to be fair? How perceptions of the fairness of men’s and women’s wages vary by firm and workplace characteristics (2025)
Zitatform
Strauss, Susanne, Ole Brüggemann & Julia Lang (2025): Who perceives lower wages for women to be fair? How perceptions of the fairness of men’s and women’s wages vary by firm and workplace characteristics. In: European Sociological Review. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcaf013
Abstract
"Previous research has shown that gender pay gaps are perceived as fair or justified, not only by men but also by women. In this paper we contribute to the discussion of a biased evaluation of fair wages and assess whether the organizational context has an impact on fairness perceptions. We use unique data from a vignette study that was part of a representative online survey of 5,556 employees in 532 larger firms (> 100 employees) in Germany which are merged to administrative data. This allows us to consider different contextual factors at both the workgroup level and the firm level. In contrast to older studies we find that women tend to evaluate wages of female workers as unfairly too low. Moreover, the perception of (un)fair wages depends on the organizational context. Female supervisors and collective bargaining agreements in firms increase the likelihood that female employees evaluate other women’s wages as unfairly low. When employees talk about their wages with their colleagues, they are more likely to judge the wages of co-workers as unfairly low." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Immigration, monopsony and the distribution of firm pay (2024)
Zitatform
Amior, Michael & Jan Stuhler (2024): Immigration, monopsony and the distribution of firm pay. (CEP discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance 1971), London, 89 S.
Abstract
"We argue that the arrival of immigrants with low reservation wages can strengthen the monopsony power of firms. Firms can exploit "cheap" migrant labor by offering lower wages, though at the cost of forgoing potential native hires who demand higher wages. This monopsonistic trade-off can lead to large negative effects on native employment, which exceed those in competitive models, and which are concentrated among low-paying firms. To validate these predictions, we study changes in wage premia and employment across the firm pay distribution, during a large immigration wave in Germany. These adverse effects are not inevitable and may be ameliorated through policies which constrain firms' monopsony power over migrants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Do public bank guarantees affect labor market outcomes? Evidence from individual employment and wages (2024)
Zitatform
Baessler, Laura, Georg Gebhardt, Reint Gropp, Andre Güttler & Ahmet Ali Taskin (2024): Do public bank guarantees affect labor market outcomes? Evidence from individual employment and wages. (IWH-Diskussionspapiere / Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle 2024,07), Halle, 43 S.
Abstract
"We investigate whether employees in Germany benefit from public bank guarantees in terms of employment probability and wages. To that end, we exploit the removal of public bank guarantees in Germany in 2001 as a quasi-natural experiment. Our results show that bank guarantees lead to higher employment, but lower wage prospects for employees after working in affected establishments. Overall the results suggest that employees do not benefit from bank guarantees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The labour market costs of job displacement by migrant status (2024)
Zitatform
Balgová, Mária & Hannah Illing (2024): The labour market costs of job displacement by migrant status. (Staff working paper / Bank of England 1099), London, 62 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines the differential impact of job displacement on migrants and natives. Using administrative data for Germany from 1997–2016, we identify mass layoffs and estimate the trajectory of earnings and employment of observationally similar migrants and natives displaced from the same establishment. Despite similar pre-layoff careers, migrants lose an additional 9% of their earnings in the first five years after displacement. This gap arises from both lower re-employment probabilities and post-layoff wages and is not driven by selective return migration. Key mechanisms include sorting into lower-quality firms and depending on lower-quality coworker networks during job search." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Illing, Hannah; -
Literaturhinweis
The Devil is in the Details: Heterogeneous Effects of the German Minimum Wage on Working Hours and Minijobs (2024)
Zitatform
Bossler, Mario, Ying Liang & Thorsten Schank (2024): The Devil is in the Details: Heterogeneous Effects of the German Minimum Wage on Working Hours and Minijobs. (arXiv papers 2403.17206), 79 S. DOI:10.48550/arXiv.2403.17206
Abstract
"In 2015, Germany introduced a national minimum wage. While the literature agrees on at most limited negative effects on the overall employment level, we go into detail and analyze the impact on the working hours dimension and on the subset of minijobs. Using data from the German Structure of Earnings Survey in 2010, 2014, and 2018, we find empirical evidence that the minimum wage significantly reduces inequality in hourly and monthly wages. While various theoretical mechanisms suggest a reduction in working hours, these remain unchanged on average. However, minijobbers experience a notable reduction in working hours which can be linked to the specific institutional framework. Regarding employment, the results show no effects for regular jobs, but there is a noteworthy decline in minijobs, driven by transitions to regular employment and non-employment. The transitions in non-employment imply a wage elasticity of employment of $-0.1$ for minijobs. Our findings highlight that the institutional setting leads to heterogeneous effects of the minimum wage." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Die Bedeutung der beruflichen Weiterbildung für die Arbeitsmarktintegration von Geflüchteten (2024)
Zitatform
Bredtmann, Julia & Lisa Sofie Höckel (2024): Die Bedeutung der beruflichen Weiterbildung für die Arbeitsmarktintegration von Geflüchteten. In: Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, Jg. 25, H. 3-4, S. 258-272. DOI:10.1515/pwp-2023-0048
Abstract
"In der bestehenden Literatur werden langfristig positive Effekte von Maßnahmen der beruflichen Weiterbildung auf verschiedene Arbeitsmarktindikatoren beschrieben. Unklar ist bislang jedoch, inwiefern die Förderung der beruflichen Weiterbildung zur Arbeitsmarktintegration von Geflüchteten beitragen kann. Julia Bredtmann und Lisa Sofie Höckel untersuchen daher anhand der Sondersituation der Fluchtmigration seit 2015 mit Hilfe administrativer Daten und einer Propensity-Score-Methode die kurz- und mittelfristigen Effekte von Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen auf die Arbeitsmarktintegration von Geflüchteten. Es zeigt sich, dass sich die Teilnahme an einer Weiterbildungsmaßnahme positiv auf die Beschäftigungswahrscheinlichkeit und die Höhe des erzielten Lohns auswirkt. Dabei variieren die Effekte für verschiedene Personengruppen, beispielsweise in Bezug auf das Geschlecht sowie das Alter der Geflüchteten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Short-Time Work Extensions (2024)
Zitatform
Brinkmann, Christina, Simon Jäger, Moritz Kuhn, Farzad Saidi & Stefanie Wolter (2024): Short-Time Work Extensions. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17421), Bonn, 104 S.
Abstract
"Governments use short-time work (STW) schemes to subsidize job preservation during crises. We study the take-up of STW and its effects on worker outcomes and firm behavior using German administrative data from 2009 to 2021. Establishments utilizing STW tend to have higher wages, be larger, and have falling employment even before STW take-up. More adverse selection occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. Within firms, STW is targeted towards workers likely to stay even in the absence of STW. To study the effects of STW, we examine two dimensions of policy variation: STW eligibility and extensions of potential benefit duration (PBD). Workers above retirement age, ineligible for STW, have identical employment trajectories compared to their slightly younger, eligible peers when their establishment takes up STW. A 2012 reform doubling PBD from 6 to 12 months did not secure employment at treated firms 12 months after take-up, with minimal heterogeneity across worker characteristics. However, treated and control firms experienced substantial and persistent differences in their wage trajectories, with control firms without extensions lowering wages compared to treated firms. Across cells, larger wage effects corresponded with smaller employment effects, consistent with downward wage flexibility preventing layoffs and substituting for the employment protection effects of STW. Our research designs reveal that STW extensions in Germany did not significantly improve short- or long-term employment outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Wolter, Stefanie;Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: ECONtribute discussion paper, 340 -
Literaturhinweis
Short-Time Work Extensions (2024)
Zitatform
Brinkmann, Christina, Simon Jäger, Moritz Kuhn, Farzad Saidi & Stefanie Wolter (2024): Short-Time Work Extensions. (ECONtribute discussion paper 340), Köln ; Bonn, 60 S., Appendix.
Abstract
"Governments use short-time work (STW) schemes to subsidize job preservation during crises. We study the take-up of STW and its effects on worker outcomes and firm behavior using German administrative data from 2009 to 2021. Establishments utilizing STW tend to have higher wages, be larger, and have falling employment even before STW take-up. More adverse selection occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. Within firms, STW is targeted towards workers likely to stay even in the absence of STW. To study the effects of STW, we examine two dimensions of policy variation: STW eligibility and extensions of potential benefit duration (PBD). Workers above retirement age, ineligible for STW, have identical employment trajectories compared to their slightly younger, eligible peers when their establishment takes up STW. A 2012 reform doubling PBD from 6 to 12 months did not secure employment at treated firms 12 months after take-up, with minimal heterogeneity across worker characteristics. However, treated and control firms experienced substantial and persistent differences in their wage trajectories, with control firms without extensions lowering wages compared to treated firms. Across cells, larger wage effects corresponded with smaller employment effects, consistent with downward wage flexibility preventing layoffs and substituting for the employment protection effects of STW. Our research designs reveal that STW extensions in Germany did not significantly improve short- or long-term employment outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Wolter, Stefanie; -
Literaturhinweis
Economic Shocks and Worker Careers: Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Transitions Out of Unemployment? (2024)
Zitatform
Buhmann, Mara, Laura Pohlan & Duncan Roth (2024): Economic Shocks and Worker Careers: Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Transitions Out of Unemployment? (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17268), Bonn, 43 S.
Abstract
"Temporary economic shocks can have enduring effects on individuals and their career trajectories. This paper investigates the labour market effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on newly unemployed individuals, the underlying mechanisms as well as occupation-specific effect heterogeneity. The results indicate long-lasting earnings losses due to the pandemic, which can be explained by a decline in employment in the short run and a decline in wages in the longer run. We further find that the lower the lockdown work ability of a worker’s previous occupation, the greater the adverse effects of the pandemic." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Robots, occupations, and worker age: A production-unit analysis of employment (2024)
Zitatform
Deng, Liuchun, Steffen Müller, Verena Plümpe & Jens Stegmaier (2024): Robots, occupations, and worker age: A production-unit analysis of employment. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 170, 2024-10-10. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104881
Abstract
"We analyze the impact of robot adoption on employment composition using novel micro data on robot use of German manufacturing plants linked with social security records and data on job tasks. Our task-based model predicts more favorable employment effects for the least routine-task intensive occupations and for young workers, the latter being better at adapting to change. An event-study analysis for robot adoption confirms both predictions. We do not find decreasing employment for any occupational or age group but churning among low-skilled workers rises sharply. We conclude that the displacement effect of robots is occupation-biased but age neutral whereas the reinstatement effect is age-biased and benefits young workers most." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Is My Wage Fair? : Validating Fairness Perceptions Among Women and Men (2024)
Zitatform
Diehl, Claudia, Julia Lang, Susanne Strauss & Ole Brüggemann (2024): Is My Wage Fair? : Validating Fairness Perceptions Among Women and Men. (Working Paper Series / Universität Konstanz, Cluster of Excellence 'The Politics of Inequality' 33), Konstanz, 33 S. DOI:10.48787/kops/352-2-ic19t4vrxlek9
Abstract
"This paper examines gender differences in perceptions of the fairness of one's own pay. Theoretically, we draw on two so far separate strands of literature, on women's alleged greater tolerance for lower wages ("contented female worker paradox"), and on perceived discrimination among ethnic minorities ("integration paradox"). Empirically, we depart from previous studies by not simply assessing whether women are as likely as men to perceive their pay as unfair. Instead, we use an innovative methodology based on linked employer-employee data from about 500 German firms. This makes it possible to validate subjective perceptions of (un)fair pay by comparing them to the actual (un)fairness of someone's pay. The latter is measured as the difference between one's own pay and the predicted pay of comparable others with the same individual, job, and firm-related characteristics. Overall, women are as likely as men to perceive a fair wage as unfair – or an unfair wage as fair. However, university-educated women are somewhat less likely than men to perceive their pay as fair when they earn less than comparable employees. They might be more aware of the societal debate about gender discrimination and "aim higher" in setting their aspirations for appropriate rewards for their skills." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Wage Rigidity and Employment Outcomes: Evidence from Administrative Data (2024)
Zitatform
Ehrlich, Gabriel & Joshua Montes (2024): Wage Rigidity and Employment Outcomes: Evidence from Administrative Data. In: American Economic Journal. Macroeconomics, Jg. 16, H. 1, S. 147-206. DOI:10.1257/mac.20200125
Abstract
"This paper examines the relationship between downward nominal wage rigidity and employment outcomes using linked employer-employee data. Wage rigidity prevents 27.1 percent of counterfactual wage cuts, with a standard deviation of 19.2 percent across establishments. An establishment with the sample-average level of wage rigidity is predicted to have a 3.3 percentage point higher layoff rate, a 7.4 percentage point lower quit rate, and a 2.0 percentage point lower hire rate. Estimating a structural model by indirect inference implies that the cost of a nominal wage cut is 33 percent of an average worker’s annual compensation. (JEL E24, J23, J31, J63, M51)" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Grundsätzlich verschieden, aber punktuell konvergent: Die Betriebsdynamik in Ost- und Westdeutschland seit dem Jahr 2001 (2024)
Zitatform
Ferenc, Grega, Remo Nitschke & Michael Weber (2024): Grundsätzlich verschieden, aber punktuell konvergent: Die Betriebsdynamik in Ost- und Westdeutschland seit dem Jahr 2001. In: Ifo Dresden berichtet, Jg. 31, H. 2, S. 18-24.
Abstract
"Wir untersuchen, ob sich die Betriebsdynamik zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland signifikant unterscheidet und wie sich diese Unterschiede über die Zeit verändert haben. Anhand des IAB-Betriebs-HistorikPanels analysieren wir für die einzelnen Betriebsgrößenklassen jeweils Gründungen, Schließungen und den Übergang in eine andere Betriebsgrößenklasse für die Zeiträume 2001 bis 2011 sowie 2011 bis 2021. Deskriptive Analysen und Regressionsanalysen legen nahe, dass die Gründungs- und Schließungsdynamik in Ostdeutschland signifikant stärker und der Anteil wachsender Betriebe signifikant kleiner ist als in Westdeutschland. Dabei haben die Ost-West-Unterschiede insbesondere bei den Gründungs- und Schließungsraten der Kleinst- und kleinen Betriebe über die Zeit abgenommen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Data product DOI: 10.5164/IAB.BHP7521.de.en.v1 -
Literaturhinweis
How many gaps are there? Investigating the regional dimension of the gender commuting gap (2024)
Zitatform
Fuchs, Michaela, Ramona Jost & Antje Weyh (2024): How many gaps are there? Investigating the regional dimension of the gender commuting gap. In: Papers in Regional Science, Jg. 103, H. 1, 2024-01-15. DOI:10.1016/j.pirs.2024.100005
Abstract
"This paper investigates the gender gap in commuting by differentiating between the place of residence and work in urban and rural regions. Using administrative geo-referenced data for Germany and applying decomposition techniques, we provide evidence for a triple gap in commuting to the disadvantage of women. Apart from the overall gap, the regional disaggregation uncovers a further gap among workers commuting between rather than within regions, with the highest gap among commuters between rural regions. Occupational segregation and establishment size are the most relevant factors for explaining the gender commuting gaps." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Job-Turnover-Analyse: Arbeitsmarktdynamik im ländlichen und städtischen Raum (2024)
Gillmann, Niels; Neufing, Matteo;Zitatform
Gillmann, Niels & Matteo Neufing (2024): Job-Turnover-Analyse: Arbeitsmarktdynamik im ländlichen und städtischen Raum. In: Ifo Dresden berichtet H. 3, S. 3-7.
Abstract
"Wirtschaftswachstum schafft Arbeitsplätze. Allerdings sollte unterschieden werden zwischen Arbeitsplätzen, die durch Neugründungen oder durch Wachstum von bestehenden Unternehmen geschaffen werden. Wir betrachten deswegen das Arbeitsplatzwachstum etwas genauer. Im Zeitraum von 2000 bis 2016 stieg die Anzahl der Beschäftigten in Deutschland insgesamt durchschnittlich um ca. 1% pro Jahr an. Allerdings war die Summe der begonnenen und beendeten Beschäftigungsverhältnisse mit ca. 17% deutlich höher. Anders als in früheren Beobachtungszeiträumen lassen sich in unserer Untersuchung, die auf den Daten des Betriebs-Historik-Panels des IAB basiert, kaum Unterschiede zwischen der Arbeitsmarktdynamik in ländlichen und städtischen Gebieten feststellen. Der Hauptanteil der neugeschaffenen und verlorenen Stellen entsteht aus Größenveränderungen bestehender Betriebe. Das Gründungsgeschehen hingegen spielt für den Arbeitsmarkt eine vergleichsweise kleinere Rolle. Im Vergleich zu den 2000er Jahren sinkt die Fluktuation im deutschen Arbeitsmarkt." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Betriebliche Weiterbildung aus Sicht von Betrieben und Beschäftigten (2024)
Zitatform
Goetz, Valentina, Ingo Isphording, Ulf Rinne & Simon Trenkle (2024): Betriebliche Weiterbildung aus Sicht von Betrieben und Beschäftigten. (Forschungsbericht / Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales 646 147), Berlin, 35 S.
Abstract
"Betriebliche Weiterbildung gewinnt angesichts umfassender Veränderungs- und Transformationsprozesse in unserer Wirtschafts- und Arbeitswelt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Die dominierenden Trends und Treiber des Wandels auf dem Arbeitsmarkt – Digitalisierung, Demografie und Dekarbonisierung – haben sich zuletzt weiter verschärft. Vor diesem Hintergrund analysiert dieser Bericht auf Basis der Daten des Linked Personnel Panel (LPP) die Betriebs- und Beschäftigtenperspektive hinsichtlich Determinanten und Konsequenzen betrieblicher Weiterbildung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Data product DOI: 10.5164/IAB.LPP1221.de.en.v2 -
Literaturhinweis
The Speed of Earnings Responses to Taxation and the Role of Firm Labor Demand (2024)
Zitatform
Gudgeon, Matthew & Simon Trenkle (2024): The Speed of Earnings Responses to Taxation and the Role of Firm Labor Demand. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 42, H. 3, S. 793-835., 2022-12-01. DOI:10.1086/723831
Abstract
"This paper studies the speed at which workers’ pre-tax earnings respond to tax changes along the intensive margin. We do so in the context of Germany, where a large notch in the tax schedule induces sharp bunching in the earnings distribution. We analyze earnings responses to two policy reforms that shift this notch outward and find clear evidence that frictions delay the earnings responses of over 38% of workers. We propose that heterogeneity in firm labor demand plays a key role in generating the observed differences in the speed of workers’ earnings responses and provide supporting evidence." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Do employers learn more from referrals than from other recruitment channels? (2024)
Zitatform
Gürtzgen, Nicole & Laura Pohlan (2024): Do employers learn more from referrals than from other recruitment channels? In: Labour Economics, Jg. 89, 2024-05-16. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102574
Abstract
"We study whether referrals deliver better information about the productivity of new hires than other recruiting channels. Using combined vacancy-register data, we document that referrals are associated with less screening and lower search costs. We demonstrate that the referral wage premium is informative on referrals’ information advantage only if differences in screening are accounted for. Consistent with the predictions from a learning model, referrals increase new hires’ job stability and wages, with the effects diminishing over time. Results suggest that the referral information advantage is particularly pronounced for males and when employers use referrals as the only search channel." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Einführung der Brückenteilzeit: bislang keine spürbaren Folgen für Teilzeitjobs (2024)
Zitatform
Gürtzgen, Nicole (2024): Einführung der Brückenteilzeit: bislang keine spürbaren Folgen für Teilzeitjobs. (IAB-Forschungsbericht 02/2024), Nürnberg, 27 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FB.2402
Abstract
"Seit der Einführung der so genannten Brückenteilzeit zum 1. Januar 2019 können Beschäftigte ihre vertragliche Arbeitszeit für einen befristeten Zeitraum reduzieren und danach ihre ursprünglich vereinbarte Arbeitszeit wieder aufnehmen. Die Ergebnisse des vorliegenden Beitrages zeigen, dass die Reform bislang nur geringe Veränderungen der Teilzeitbeschäftigung in denjenigen Betrieben (bis 200 Beschäftigten) nach sich gezogen hat, in denen Beschäftigte vom Recht auf Brückenteilzeit Gebrauch machen können. Als von der Reform nicht betroffene Betriebe werden in der vorliegenden Analyse diejenigen Betriebe bezeichnet, die zu Unternehmen mit bis zu 45 Beschäftigten gehören. Als von der Reform betroffen werden in der Studie diejenigen Betriebe betrachtet, wenn sie zu einem Unternehmen gehören, dass mehr als 45 und bis zu 200 Beschäftigte hat. Betriebe, die zu Unternehmen mit mehr als 200 Beschäftigten gehören, waren auch von der Einführung der Brückenteilzeit betroffen, werden jedoch der schlechteren Vergleichbarkeit halber für die vorliegende Untersuchung nicht herangezogen. Der Vergleich der Teilzeitquoten in von der Reform betroffenen und nicht betroffenen Betrieben zeigt, dass die Teilzeitquoten über den gesamten Beobachtungszeitraum, also von 2014 bis 2021, in nicht betroffenen Betrieben höher ausfielen als die in betroffenen Betrieben. Dieser grundsätzliche Niveauunterschied blieb auch nach Inkrafttreten der Brückenteilzeit im Jahr 2019 bestehen. Insgesamt verzeichneten die Betriebe mit Beginn der Covid-19-Rezession einen etwas geringeren Zuwachs der sozialversicherungspflichtigen Teilzeitbeschäftigung. Der geringere Zuwachs ist sowohl bei betroffenen Betrieben zu beobachten (also bei Betrieben, die zu Unternehmen mit mehr als 45 und bis zu 200 Beschäftigten gehören) als auch bei kleineren Betrieben, die von den Regelungen ausgenommen sind. Nach der Reform hat sich jedoch der Zuwachs der Teilzeitbeschäftigung in den Betrieben, in denen Beschäftigte einen Anspruch auf Brückenteilzeit geltend machen können, etwas weniger stark abgeschwächt. Hier ist jedoch zu beachten, dass die Entwicklungen in den Jahren 2020 und 2021 nur schwer von Effekten der durch die Covid-19-Pandemie verursachten Rezession abzugrenzen sind. Insgesamt lässt sich die ermittelte Veränderung für einen Betrieb mit durchschnittlich 200 Beschäftigen dahingehend beziffern, dass über den Gesamtzeitraum nach der Reform die Zunahme an Teilzeitbeschäftigten im Mittel um 1 Person höher ausfällt als bei vergleichbaren nicht betroffenen Betrieben. Diese Zunahme ist jedoch zu gering, als dass die Teilzeitquoten in betroffenen Betrieben mit den höheren Quoten nicht betroffener Betriebe gleichziehen würden. Die sogenannte Zumutbarkeitsregel, welche eine Obergrenze von Umwandlungen in Unternehmen mit mehr als 45 und bis zu 200 Beschäftigten vorsieht, kann diese geringe Veränderung nicht plausibel erklären. Gemäß dieser Regel sind Arbeitgeber, die mehr als 45 und bis zu 200 Beschäftigte haben, verpflichtet, nur einer Person pro 15 angefangenen Beschäftigten einen Anspruch auf Brückenteilzeit zu gewähren. Eine weitere Erklärung könnte darin bestehen, dass die derzeit geltenden Regeln von vielen Beschäftigten als zu unflexibel wahrgenommen werden. So sieht die Regelung zur Brückenteilzeit vor, dass Beschäftigte einen Antrag auf befristete Teilzeit für mindestens ein Jahr und für maximal fünf Jahre stellen können. Während der beantragten Laufzeit ist es zudem nicht möglich, wieder zur ursprünglich vereinbarten Arbeitszeit zurückzukehren. Zudem können die bezifferten Veränderungen während der Covid-19-Rezession möglicherweise auch widerspiegeln, dass Beschäftigte in diesem Zeitraum eine größere Zurückhaltung bei der Reduzierung der Arbeitszeit an den Tag gelegt haben. Inwiefern die Reform im Zuge der wirtschaftlichen Erholung einen langfristigen Effekt auf die Inanspruchnahme befristeter Arbeitszeitreduzierungen hat, bleibt daher abzuwarten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Plant-level adjustments to imports and exports at the extensive margin (2024)
Zitatform
Hauptmann, Andreas, Hans-Jörg Schmerer & Benjamin Schwanebeck (2024): Plant-level adjustments to imports and exports at the extensive margin. In: China economic review, Jg. 87, 2024-05-29. DOI:10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102212
Abstract
"This paper presents an empirical analysis of plant level responses to the China trade shock based upon a DSGE framework with heterogeneous firms. The empirical analysis shows that soaring imports from China are associated with a higher probability of plant closure. By contrast, firms in export oriented industries are less likely to exit. We rationalize these findings by several counter-factual experiments based upon a DSGE framework. Imports always raise the exit rate but the export-effect is ambiguous. More exports fuel competition among domestic rivals associated with more exits. However, this competition effect disappears when the share of exporters is extremely high. The effects of imports and exports on firm entry are close to zero in both theory and empircs. We also introduce a novel productivity shock channel. Additional export sales better protect firms from other shocks. We show this by introducing negative productivity shocks into the model." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Dynamics of intra-urban employment geographies: A comparative study of U.S. and German metropolitan areas (2024)
Heider, Bastian ; Roth, Duncan ; Taubenböck, Hannes ; Standfuß, Ines ; Mast, Johannes ; Siedentop, Stefan ;Zitatform
Heider, Bastian, Johannes Mast, Duncan Roth, Ines Standfuß, Stefan Siedentop & Hannes Taubenböck (2024): Dynamics of intra-urban employment geographies: A comparative study of U.S. and German metropolitan areas. In: Journal of Urban Affairs, Jg. 46, H. 7, S. 1287-1307., 2022-08-30. DOI:10.1080/07352166.2022.2122833
Abstract
"In this paper we analyze changes in the intra-urban spatial distribution of employment across six U.S. and German city regions between 2002 and 2015. Our methodological approach allows for a systematic and spatially consistent comparison of urban spatial structures across the two different countries. The empirical results show major national, regional, and sectoral differences in the spatial distribution of employment. In the German case studies traditional core cities play a more important role for the regional labor market than in the U.S. Only relatively small shares of metropolitan employment are concentrated in subcenters. While employment concentrations are spatially less persistent in the U.S. case study regions, we did not find any evidence of common or country-specific trends toward increased polycentricity or employment dispersal. Changes in the spatial concentration of employment seem to be highly context-specific and influenced by the individual geographic and institutional frameworks of the analyzed metropolitan areas." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Taylor & Francis) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The contribution of knowledge-intensive firms to employment growth: a Granger causality approach for German regions (2024)
Zitatform
Heidinger, Mathias, Michaela Fuchs & Alain Thierstein (2024): The contribution of knowledge-intensive firms to employment growth: a Granger causality approach for German regions. In: Regional Studies, Regional Science, Jg. 11, H. 1, S. 103-121., 2024-01-19. DOI:10.1080/21681376.2024.2312186
Abstract
"Academic discussions have frequently examined the interrelation between regional employment growth and firm locations. Two growth patterns emerge: employment growth induced through new firm locations or vice versa, where firms locate in areas experiencing employment supply growth. The specific causal relationship responsible for regional employment growth in Germany remains uncertain. In the German context, however, more research is needed to identify contributors to employment growth, as most existing studies rely on highly aggregated data or focus on specific case studies. This paper aims to approach this subject by using a uniquely matched dataset of firm locations and the individual employment of 480 multi-locational firms in the knowledge economy and comparing it to total employment in Germany. We assume that a change in knowledge-intensive firms’ employment may affect regional employment growth. The study uses longitudinal historical employment data at the functional urban area (FUA) level from 1999 to 2019, aggregated to knowledge-intensive high-tech and advanced producer services (APS) sectors. The analysis employs aggregated and individual Granger causality tests, evaluating the relationship between employment in knowledge-intensive sectors and overall employment change. Results are spatialised using GIS to provide evidence of where the Granger causalities occur at the FUA level in Germany. Findings indicate that, in general, knowledge-intensive employment growth Granger causes total employment growth in a few economically more active FUAs. In contrast, for a greater number of FUAs, total employment Granger causes knowledge-intensive employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Essays on the Economics of Sickness Absence, Working Conditions and Health in the Labor Market (2024)
Zitatform
Hiesinger, Karolin (2024): Essays on the Economics of Sickness Absence, Working Conditions and Health in the Labor Market. Regensburg, 200 S. DOI:10.5283/epub.55427
Abstract
"Für Deutschland wird eine der wichtigsten Herausforderungen der nächsten Jahre darin bestehen, den Fachkräftemangel in einer alternden Gesellschaft zu überwinden. Eine mögliche Maßnahme ist die Beschäftigungsförderung von gesundheitlich eingeschränkten Personen. Daher ist ein Verständnis der relevanten Institutionen zentral, um ein ausgewogenes Verhältnis zwischen Sozialschutz und Beschäftigungsförderung für gesundheitlich beeinträchtigte oder behinderte Menschen zu finden. Ziel dieser Dissertation ist es, die Folgen gesundheitlicher Schocks und die Rolle der Arbeitsbedingungen in Form gesundheitsbezogener Institutionen für die Beschäftigung gesundheitlich beeinträchtigter Arbeitnehmer und Arbeitnehmerinnen auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt zu beleuchten. Dazu wird zunächst analysiert, wie sich der Kündigungsschutz auf die langfristigen krankheitsbedingten Fehlzeiten von Arbeitnehmern und die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer unfreiwilligen Arbeitslosigkeit nach Krankheit auswirkt (Kapitel 1). Danach wird in Kapitel 2 untersucht, ob die Schwerbehindertenquote in Deutschland und ihre Nichteinhaltung die Nachfrage der Unternehmen nach behinderten Beschäftigten beeinflusst. Schließlich werden in Kapitel 3 die individuellen Auswirkungen des Eintritts einer Behinderung auf Beschäftigung und Einkommen beleuchtet." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Vor dem Kollaps!? Beschäftigung im sozialen Sektor: Empirische Vermessung und Handlungsansätze (2024)
Zitatform
Hohendanner, Christian, Jasmin Rocha & Joß Steinke (2024): Vor dem Kollaps!? Beschäftigung im sozialen Sektor. Empirische Vermessung und Handlungsansätze. Berlin: De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 111 S. DOI:10.1515/9783110748024
Abstract
"Diese Studie bietet eine empirisch fundierte Gesamtschau auf die Beschäftigung in einem der personalintensivsten und am stärksten vom Fachkräftemangel betroffenen Arbeitsfelder in Deutschland: dem sozialen Sektor. Wer das Buch liest, gewinnt ein tieferes Verständnis über Zusammenhänge und die Notwendigkeit, offen über Beschäftigung im sozialen Sektor zu debattieren. Anhand aktueller Daten zeigen die Autor:innen, dass der soziale Sektor im Wettbewerb um Arbeitskräfte schlecht dasteht. Zunehmend fehlen Arbeitskräfte und grundlegende, bislang als selbstverständlich betrachtete Leistungen der sozialen Daseinsvorsorge können immer häufiger nicht mehr erbracht werden. Die Autor:innen zeigen Wege auf, wie soziale Berufe wieder attraktiver und der Kollaps des sozialen Sektors (vielleicht) verhindert werden kann." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter Oldenbourg)
-
Literaturhinweis
Parental Leave, Worker Substitutability, and Firms' Employment (2024)
Zitatform
Huebener, Mathias, Jonas Jessen, Daniel Kühnle & Michael Oberfichtner (2024): Parental Leave, Worker Substitutability, and Firms' Employment. In: The Economic Journal, S. 1-39. DOI:10.1093/ej/ueae114
Abstract
"Motherhood and parental leave are frequent causes of worker absences and employment interruptions, yet little is known about their effects on firms. Based on linked employer-employee data from Germany, we examine how parental leave absences affect small-and medium-sized firms. We show that they anticipate the absence with replacement hirings in the six months before childbirth. A 2007 parental leave reform extending leave absences reduces firm-level employment and total wages up to three years after childbirth, driven by firms with few internal substitutes for the absent mother. However, we do not find longer-term effects on firms’ employment, wage bill, or likelihood to shut down. The reform led to an increase in replacement hirings, but firms did not respond to longer expected absences of mothers by subsequently hiring fewer young women. Overall, our findings show that anticipated, extended parental leave does not have a lasting impact on firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Oxford University Press) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Hiring and the Dynamics of the Gender Gap (2024)
Illing, Hannah; Schwank, Hanna; Tô, Linh T.;Zitatform
Illing, Hannah, Hanna Schwank & Linh T. Tô (2024): Hiring and the Dynamics of the Gender Gap. (ECONtribute discussion paper 339), Köln ; Bonn, 67 S.
Abstract
"We investigate how the same hiring opportunity leads to different labor market outcomes for male and female full-time workers. To study firms' wage-setting behavior following exogenous vacancies, we analyze the wages of new hires after sudden worker deaths between 1981 and 2016. Using administrative data from Germany, we apply a novel technique to identify external replacement workers, and we use machine learning to compare replacements hired for comparable positions by similar firms. We find that female replacement workers' starting wages are, on average, 10 log points lower than those of replacing men of the same productivity. Differences in labor supply, within-firm adjustments, or outside options do not explain this gap; instead, we attribute it to gender differences in bargaining. We conclude that a significant portion of the gender wage gap emerges within firms at the hiring stage." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Illing, Hannah; -
Literaturhinweis
Computing Capital Stocks in the German Social Security Records and Quantifying Their Role for Wage Inequality (2024)
Zitatform
Janser, Markus, Florian Lehmer & Ulrich Zierahn-Weilage (2024): Computing Capital Stocks in the German Social Security Records and Quantifying Their Role for Wage Inequality. In: CESIfo Economic Studies, Jg. 70, H. 4, S. 370-393., 2024-09-20. DOI:10.1093/cesifo/ifae021
Abstract
"We develop a method to impute capital stocks from investments for a sub-sample of firms in the German social security records and implement a machine-learning algorithm to predict capital stocks for the universe of firms. These capital stocks explain 40% of the variation in capital stocks of the Bureau van Dijk data. We make our data available for other researchers. We find that these capital stocks explain a sizeable fraction of wage inequality by extending the variance decomposition of Card et al. (2013), suggesting that rising firm heterogeneity in capital intensity may further amplify wage inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The Employment and Windfall Effects of Short-Time Work: Evidence from Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Kagerl, Christian (2024): The Employment and Windfall Effects of Short-Time Work: Evidence from Germany. (IAB-Discussion Paper 14/2024), Nürnberg, 59 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.DP.2414
Abstract
"Ich untersuche die Auswirkungen der Kurzarbeit in Deutschland mittels neuer administrativer Daten zur Kurzarbeit und mittels von Erkenntnissen aus Betriebsbefragungen, die mit den administrativen Daten verknüpft sind. Ich zeige, dass Unternehmen die Kurzarbeit nicht nur aus finanziellen Gründen nutzen, sondern auch, weil sie damit in einem angespannten Arbeitsmarkt Arbeitskräfte horten können. Während der Pandemie dokumentiere ich eine starke negative Selektion in Kurzarbeit auf der Grundlage von Unternehmensqualität und Produktivität. Dies ist ein Muster, welches sich für die Finanzkrise nicht beobachten lässt. Dieses Selektionsmuster lässt sich durch die unterschiedlichen Arten von Krisen und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Betriebe erklären. Unter Berücksichtigung der Selektion untersuche ich dann die Beschäftigungseffekte von Kurzarbeit in der Pandemie und finde eine drei bis vier Prozent höhere Beschäftigung für Betriebe, die Kurzarbeit nutzen. Dieser Effekt verschwindet jedoch schnell, nachdem Betriebe die Kurzarbeit verlassen haben, ein Ergebnis, das darauf zurückzuführen ist, dass die Austritte unter den Kurzarbeitsfirmen anfangs niedriger, nach dem Ende der Kurzarbeit jedoch höher sind. Auch aufgrund der gelockerten Zugangsregeln stelle ich außerdem fest, dass die Mitnahmeeffekte des Instruments beträchtlich sind: Während grobe Schätzungen darauf hindeuten, dass bis zu einer halben Million Arbeitsplätze durch die Kurzarbeit im Jahr 2020 gerettet wurden, wurden insgesamt Millionen von Arbeitsplätzen unterstützt, was auf ein unzureichendes Maß an Zielgenauigkeit hinweist." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Family business succession planning: do outcomes depend on the predominant gender on the management board? (2024)
Zitatform
Kay, Rosemarie, André Pahnke & Friederike Welter (2024): Family business succession planning: do outcomes depend on the predominant gender on the management board? In: M. Barrett, J. Huybrechts & J. S. K. Lee (Hrsg.) (2024): Women in Family Business. New Perspectives, Contexts and Roles, S. 225-249. DOI:10.4337/9781802206364.00018
Abstract
"Existing research on family business succession stresses that the business’s economic situation strongly influences its degree of attractiveness to potential successors. However, research on women’s entrepreneurship suggests that women-led businesses may be less economically attractive to potential successors because of structural differences in comparison to men-led businesses. Moreover, the business owner’s gender may also have an impact on the business succession process and its outcome. Based on one of the largest German establishment surveys augmented by additional administrative data, this chapter seeks to link the two research strands by providing initial insights into the impact of the family business owner’s gender on both business succession planning and the outcome of the business succession process. Regarding the outcome of business successions, the results indicate that differences between women- and men-led businesses are not related to gender but to characteristics of the businesses to be handed over." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elgar) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Data product DOI: 10.5164/IAB.IABBP9317.de.en.v1 -
Literaturhinweis
Patterns of regional firm mobility in Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Kovalenko, Tim & Benedikt Schröpf (2024): Patterns of regional firm mobility in Germany. (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Lehrstuhl für Arbeitsmarkt- und Regionalpolitik. Diskussionspapiere 129), Nürnberg, 44 S.
Abstract
"Obwohl inlandische Betriebsumzuge sowohl Teil der Faktorreallokation zwischen Regionen als auch der Betriebsdynamik innerhalb einer Volkswirtschaft sind, gibt es nur wenig Evidenz über die Mobilität von Firmen in Deutschland. In dieser Studie untersuchen wir daher die Muster der Firmenmobilitat in Deutschland auf betrieblicher und regionaler Ebene. Unter Verwendung umfangreicher administrativer Daten dokumentieren wir, dass die meisten Betriebsumzuge von kreisfreien Großstädten in die umliegenden städtischen Landkreise zu beobachten sind, was auf eine Suburbanisierung der Betriebslandschaft hindeutet. In Bezug auf die Betriebsmerkmale zeigen unsere Ergebnisse, dass mittelgroße und wissensintensive Betriebe eine hohe Umzugssneigung aufweisen. Außerdem handelt es sich bei Betrieben, die in kreisfreie Großstädte oder städtische Landkreise umziehen, eher um Hochlohnbetriebe, wahrend Betriebe, die ihren Standort in ländliche Landkreise verlagern, eher Niedriglohnbetriebe sind. Unsere regionalen Analysen zeigen, dass Betriebe, die ihren Standort verlagern, nahe gelegene Landkreise mit (im Vergleich zu ihrem alten Standort) niedriger Steuerbelastung und geringer Bevölkerungsdichte aufsuchen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
The fall and rebound of average establishment size in West Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Kovalenko, Tim, Timo Sauerbier & Benedikt Schröpf (2024): The fall and rebound of average establishment size in West Germany. (Discussion paper / Deutsche Bundesbank 2024,11), Frankfurt am Main, 69 S.
Abstract
"In diesem Papier untersuchen wir Veränderungen der Betriebsgrößenverteilung in Westdeutschland über die Zeit. Dabei stellen wir fest, dass die durchschnittliche Betriebsgröße in den 1990er und 2000er Jahren gesunken ist, während sie in den 2010er Jahren einen Wiederanstieg erfahren hat. Zunächst untersuchen wir, ob diese Veränderungen auf etablierte Betriebe oder Betriebsgründungen und -schließungen zurückzuführen sind. Anschließend stellen wir dar, inwiefern die Veränderung der durchschnittlichen Betriebsgröße mit Veränderungen der Arbeitsproduktivität einhergingen. Im letzten Schritt suchen wir nach einer Erklärung für das Sinken und den Wiederanstieg der durchschnittlichen Betriebsgröße. Dabei stellen wir fest, dass im selben Zeitraum die Betriebsgrößenlohnprämie erst angestiegen und anschließend gesunken ist. Deshalb untersuchen wir empirisch und modellbasiert, inwiefern die Betriebsgrößenlohnprämie mit der durchschnittlichen Betriebsgröße zusammenhängt." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Enriching administrative data using survey data and machine learning techniques (2024)
Kunaschk, Max;Zitatform
Kunaschk, Max (2024): Enriching administrative data using survey data and machine learning techniques. In: Economics Letters, Jg. 243, 2024-08-13. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2024.111924
Abstract
"I propose an approach to enrich administrative data with information only available in survey data using machine learning techniques. To illustrate the approach, I replicate a prominent study that used survey data to analyze the federal minimum wage introduction in Germany. In contrast to the original study, I use the universe of German establishments rather than the limited number of establishments that participated in the survey. As the administrative data do not contain information on whether establishments were treated by the minimum wage, I use a random forest classifier, trained on survey data, to predict the treatment status of establishments. The results obtained using the administrative data are qualitatively similar to the results obtained using the survey data. Beyond replication of previous research, this approach broadens the research potential of administrative data, enabling researchers to explore more detailed research questions at scale." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Kunaschk, Max; -
Literaturhinweis
Firms' Risk Adjustments to Minimum Wage: Financial Leverage and Labor Share Trade-off (2024)
Zitatform
Liang, Ying (2024): Firms' Risk Adjustments to Minimum Wage: Financial Leverage and Labor Share Trade-off. (arXiv papers 2408.03659), 75 S.
Abstract
"This paper evaluates the impact of the German minimum wage policy on firms’ financial leverage. By using a comprehensive firm-establishment-employee linked dataset and a difference in-differences estimation with firm-level variation in treatment intensity, the analysis shows that the average minimum wage level reduces firms’ financial leverage by about 0.5 to 0.9 percentage points, corresponding to 1 to 2 percent of the mean of financial leverage. Further investigation of the mechanism shows that the minimum wage does not lead to significant capital labor substitution; therefore, the labor share increases. Firms react to the increased labor share by deleveraging. The results suggest that while the minimum wage benefits workers by allocating more earnings to the labor force, it also introduces greater operating risks and encourages conservative financial behavior among firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Beggars cannot be choosers: The effect of labor market tightness on hiring standards, wages, and hiring costs (2024)
Zitatform
Linckh, Carolin, Samuel Muehlemann & Harald Pfeifer (2024): Beggars cannot be choosers: The effect of labor market tightness on hiring standards, wages, and hiring costs. (Working paper / Swiss Leading House 0217), Zürich, 49 S.
Abstract
"This paper analyzes the relationship between labor market tightness and firms' hiring behavior. We use unique linked employer-employee data to show that firms lower their hiring standards in tight labor markets, but we find no evidence that firms increase the starting wages of new hires. Exploiting detailed data on pre- and post-match hiring costs, we find that both cost components increase with the degree of tightness in the labor market. However, as pre-match search costs make up only a small share of the total hiring costs, our results highlight the importance of the post-match hiring costs for firms' adjustment to tightness." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Labor Market Impact of Disruptions in Global Value Chains (2024)
Zitatform
Meister, Moritz (2024): Labor Market Impact of Disruptions in Global Value Chains. (IAB-Discussion Paper 10/2024), Nürnberg, 59 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.DP.2410
Abstract
"Diese Studie untersucht mit Hilfe eines Differenz-in-Differenzen-Ansatzes in Kombination mit Entropy Balancing den kausalen Effekt von globalen Wertschöpfungsketten (GVC) auf den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt während der COVID-19-Krise. Die Analyse von monatlichen Betriebsdaten von Januar 2019 bis Dezember 2021 zeigt, dass ein Anstieg des GVC-bezogenen Handels mit China um eine Standardabweichung zu einem Anstieg der Kurzarbeit um bis zu 27 Prozentpunkte führt, wobei die Effekte von Mai bis Oktober 2020 signifikant positiv sind. Für diesen Zeitraum würde den Regressionsergebnissen zufolge ein Anstieg um eine Standardabweichung zu zusätzlichen Ausgaben für Kurzarbeit in Höhe von rund 7,3 Milliarden Euro führen. Im Gegensatz dazu ergeben sich für den GVC-bezogene Handel mit der Welt als Handelspartner keine signifikanten Effekte. Zusätzliche Befragungsdaten stützen die Ergebnisse und deuten darauf hin, dass Betriebe, die stärker in GVCs mit China eingebunden sind, im Jahr 2020 mehr Schwierigkeiten bei der Beschaffung von Vorleistungen oder bei der Zusammenarbeit mit Lieferanten hatten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Essays on Spatial Sorting and Labor Markets (2024)
Oh, Ryungha;Zitatform
Oh, Ryungha (2024): Essays on Spatial Sorting and Labor Markets. New Haven, 188 S.
Abstract
"The dissertation consists of two independent essays that examine how worker and firm sorting across local labor markets shape both regional and aggregate economic outcomes and what are the policy implications. The first chapter of this dissertation studies why productive workers and firms locate together in dense cities. I develop a new theory of two-sided sorting in which both heterogeneous workers and firms sort across space. The location choices of workers and firms affect each other and endogenously generate spatial disparities in the presence of three essential forces: complementarity between worker and firm productivity, random matching within frictional local labor markets, and congestion costs. I demonstrate that the decentralized equilibrium exhibits excessive concentration of workers and firms, and dispersing them away from dense locations can mitigate congestion without reducing output. I then provide direct empirical evidence of the two-sided sorting mechanism using German administrative microdata. An exogenous increase in the quality of the workforce in a location results in more productive firms choosing that location. Finally, to quantify the implications of the model, I calibrate it to U.S. regional data and show that policies that relocate workers and firms toward less dense areas can increase welfare. The second chapter investigates the importance of spatial firm sorting for wage inequality both between and within local labor markets. We develop a novel model in which heterogeneous firms first choose a location and then hire workers in a frictional labor market. Firms’ location choices are guided by a fundamental trade-off: Operating in productive locations increases output per worker, but sharing a labor market with other productive firms makes it hard to poach and retain workers, and hence limits firm size. Positive sorting - with productive firms settling in productive Locations - emerges as the unique equilibrium if firm and location productivity are sufficient complements or labor market frictions are sufficiently large. Positive sorting steepens the job ladder in productive locations and, as a consequence, increases both their average wages and wage dispersion. We estimate our model using administrative data from Germany and identify firm sorting from a novel fact: Labor shares are lower in productive locations, which indicates a higher concentration of top firms with strong monopsony power. Positive firm sorting can account for at least 15% of the spatial variation in average wages and for 40% of the spatial variation in within-location wage dispersion." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Minimum Wages in Concentrated Labor Markets (2024)
Zitatform
Popp, Martin (2024): Minimum Wages in Concentrated Labor Markets. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17357), Bonn, 148 S.
Abstract
"Economists increasingly refer to monopsony power to reconcile the absence of negative employment effects of minimum wages with theory. However, systematic evidence for the monopsony argument is scarce. In this paper, I perform a comprehensive test of this argument by using labor market concentration as a proxy for monopsony power. Labor market concentration turns out substantial in Germany. Absent wage floors, higher concentration reduces wages and employment, reflecting monopsonistic conduct of firms. Sectoral minimum wages lead to negative employment effects in slightly concentrated or more competitive labor markets. This effect weakens with increasing concentration and, ultimately, becomes positive in highly concentrated or monopsonistic markets. Overall, the results lend empirical support to the monopsony argument, implying that conventional minimum wage effects on employment conceal heterogeneity across market forms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Mittelstandsbericht des Freistaates Sachsen: 2018 bis 2022 (2024)
Ragnitz, Joachim; Winge, Susanne; Ferenc, Grega; Stobbe, Mandy; Nitschke, Remo;Zitatform
Ragnitz, Joachim, Grega Ferenc, Remo Nitschke, Susanne Winge & Mandy Stobbe (2024): Mittelstandsbericht des Freistaates Sachsen. 2018 bis 2022. Dresden, 134 S.
Abstract
"Der Mittelstand ist das Rückgrat der sächsischen Wirtschaft. Er erwirtschaftet mit gut 54 Prozent mehr als die Hälfte der im Freistaat Sachsen hergestellten Waren und Dienstleistungen, beschäftigt etwa 72 Prozent der hiesigen Arbeitskräfte und bildet rund 70 Prozent der Auszubildenden aus. Der „Sächsische Mittelstandsbericht 2018 bis 2022“ untersucht die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung mittelständischer Unternehmen und hat erstmals auch die Situation marktorientierter Sozialunternehmen („Social Entrepreneurs“) in den Blick genommen. Der Bericht wurde vom ifo-Institut Dresden in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Zentrum für Sozialforschung Halle (ZSH) im Auftrag des sächsischen Wirtschaftsministeriums (SMWA) erstellt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
-
Literaturhinweis
Subventionen für „kleine Jobs“: Die Auswirkungen von Mini- und Midijobs in Deutschland (2024)
Zitatform
Riphahn, Regina T. (2024): Subventionen für „kleine Jobs“. Die Auswirkungen von Mini- und Midijobs in Deutschland. In: Wirtschafts- und Sozialstatistisches Archiv, Jg. 18, H. 1, S. 5-14. DOI:10.1007/s11943-024-00335-3
Abstract
"Die Grohmann-Vorlesung des Jahres 2023 beschäftigt sich mit dem Phänomen der „kleinen Jobs“ in Deutschland. Zunächst wird der institutionelle und historische Hintergrund von Minijobs erläutert und die Intensität ihrer Nutzung beschrieben. Anschließend fasst der Text die Inhalte von drei empirischen Studien zusammen. Diese setzen sich mit der Frage auseinander ob (i) Arbeitgeber reguläre Beschäftigung durch Minijobs ersetzen, (ii) Minijobs zur „motherhood penalty“ in Deutschland beitragen und (iii) ob Midijobs Übergänge aus Minijobs in reguläre sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung erleichtert haben. Die Vorlesung schließt mit einer Betrachtung möglicher Regelungsalternativen für „kleine Jobs“ in Deutschland." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag)
-
Literaturhinweis
Patterns of regional firm mobility in Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Schröpf, Benedikt & Tim Kovalenko (2024): Patterns of regional firm mobility in Germany. (FAU Discussion papers in economics 02/2024), Nürnberg, 37 S.
Abstract
"Although domestic establishment relocations are part of both the factor reallocation across regions and establishment dynamics within an economy, evidence on firm mobility in Germany is rather scarce. In this study, we therefore examine establishment- and regional-level patterns of firm mobility in Germany. Using rich administrative data, we document that most relocation flows go from major cities to the surrounding urban districts, suggesting sub-urbanization patterns. In terms of establishment-level characteristics, we document that middle-sized and knowledge-intensive establishments exhibit high relocation propensities. Further, establishments moving to major cities or urban districts are rather high-wage establishments while establishments moving to rural districts are rather low-wage establishments. Our regional analyses reveal that relocating establishments prefer nearby regions with (compared to their old locations) low tax burdens and low population densities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Who Perceives Lower Wages for Women to be Fair? How Perceptions of the Fairness of Men’s and Women’s Wages Vary by Firm and Workplace Characteristics (2024)
Zitatform
Strauss, Susanne, Ole Brüggemann & Julia Lang (2024): Who Perceives Lower Wages for Women to be Fair? How Perceptions of the Fairness of Men’s and Women’s Wages Vary by Firm and Workplace Characteristics. (Working Paper Series / Universität Konstanz, Cluster of Excellence 'The Politics of Inequality' 29), Konstanz, 33 S. DOI:10.48787/kops/352-2-sofyhpevr9ys3
Abstract
"Previous research has shown that gender pay gaps are perceived as fair or justified, not only by men but also by women. In this paper we analyse whether this gender bias in the evaluation of fair wages still persists and whether the organizational context has an impact on fairness perceptions. We use unique data from a vignette study that was part of a representative online survey of 5,556 employees in 532 larger firms (> 100 employees) in Germany which are merged to administrative data. This allows us to consider different contextual factors at both the workgroup level and the firm level. In contrast to older studies we find that women tend to evaluate wages of female workers as unfairly too low. Moreover, the perception of (un)fair wages depends on the organizational context. Female supervisors and collective bargaining agreements in firms increase women’s awareness for other women’s unfairly too low wages, whereas an exchange about wages with co-workers affects the fairness perceptions of both male and female workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Part-time subsidies and maternal reemployment: Evidence from a difference-in-differences analysis (2024)
Zitatform
Zimmert, Franziska & Michael Zimmert (2024): Part-time subsidies and maternal reemployment: Evidence from a difference-in-differences analysis. In: Journal of Applied Econometrics, Jg. 39, H. 6, S. 1149-1171., 2024-06-01. DOI:10.1002/jae.3072
Abstract
"Employment interruptions of mothers are still one of the main causes for different labor market outcomes between women and men. Employment subsidies can incentivise mothers to shorten employment interruptions after childbirth. We examine a German parental leave reform incentivizing an early return to part-time work. Exploiting the exogenous variation defined by the child's birthday, we apply unconditional difference-in-differences (DiD) estimation using administrative data. Machine learning augmented DiD estimation shows that our findings are robust to the inclusion of a large dictionary of potential covariates. Additionally, we estimate conditional effects in the DiD setting. Our results show that being eligible to the new regime yields positive average employment effects that are mainly driven by part-time employment. In particular, the increased attractiveness of part-time work does not cannibalize full-time employment. The policy creates heterogeneous incentives depending on the opportunity costs of working part time: especially mothers with middle income and prior part-time workers respond to the reform. Besides, diverging results for East and West Germany hint at the potential of a change in social norms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Works Council ‘Disaffection’ and Establishment Survivability (2023)
Zitatform
Addison, John T., Paulino Teixeira, Philipp Grunau & Lutz Bellmann (2023): Works Council ‘Disaffection’ and Establishment Survivability. In: Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Jg. 70, H. 1, S. 38-67., 2022-06-29. DOI:10.1111/sjpe.12330
Abstract
"This paper investigates the association between a measure of works council heterogeneity and plant closings in Germany, 2006-2015. Two datasets are used to identify failed establishments, while institutional heterogeneity is captured by management perceptions of the role of the works council in managerial decision making and also by allowing for works council learning. The potential moderating role of sectoral collective bargaining is also examined. We report that works councils per se are not associated with plant closure. Rather, it is establishments with disaffected councils that display higher rates of closure. The latter result does not obtain where such establishments are covered by sectoral agreements; an outcome that is consistent with the literature on the mitigation of rent-seeking behavior, and one that also receives support from our finding that plants with dissonant councils are more likely than their consensual counterparts to transition into sectoral bargaining coverage. On the other hand, there is only limited evidence of works council learning." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Wiley) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Employment-Related Further Training in a Dynamic Labour Market (2023)
Zitatform
Anger, Silke, Pascal Heß, Simon Janssen & Ute Leber (2023): Employment-Related Further Training in a Dynamic Labour Market. In: S. Weinert, G. J. Blossfeld & H.-P. Blossfeld (Hrsg.) (2023): Education, Competence Development and Career Trajectories, S. 319-336. DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-27007-9_14
Abstract
"In recent decades, accelerating technological progress and increasing international trade have not only made labour markets more dynamic but also steadily changed the demand for skills and knowledge. As a result, workers have had to continuously invest in training to update their skills if they want to avoid long-lasting negative consequences for their careers. This project uses data from the adult cohort of the German National Education Panel Study (NEPS) to investigate how workers’ training participation has evolved in dynamic labour markets exposed to technological change and increasing international trade. The study analyses the relationship between workplace automation and employment-related training and shows that the training participation of workers whose jobs were highly exposed to automation was much lower than that of workers whose jobs were less exposed. Moreover, results suggest that employers’ financial support explains the lion’s share of the training gap. Consistent with the new training literature, firms are the main force behind further training investments." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The cost of job loss in carbon-intensive sectors: Evidence from Germany (2023)
Barreto, César; Grundke, Robert; Krill, Zeev;Zitatform
Barreto, César, Robert Grundke & Zeev Krill (2023): The cost of job loss in carbon-intensive sectors: Evidence from Germany. (OECD Economics Department working papers 1774), Paris, 47 S. DOI:10.1787/6f636d3b-en
Abstract
"The green transformation of the economy is expected to lead to a sharp reduction in employment in carbon-intensive industries. For designing policies to support displaced workers, it is crucial to better understand the cost of job loss, whether there are specific effects of being displaced from a carbon-intensive sector and which workers are most at risk. By using German administrative labor market data and focusing on mass layoff events, we estimate the cost of involuntary job displacement for workers in high carbon-intensity sectors and compare it with the displacement costs for workers in low carbon-intensity sectors. We find that displaced workers from high carbon-intensity sectors have, on average, higher earnings losses and face stronger difficulties in finding a new job and recovering their earnings. Our results indicate that this is mainly due to human capital specificity, the regional clustering of carbon-intensive activities and higher wage premia in carbon-intensive firms. Workers displaced in high carbon-intensity sectors are older, face higher local labor market concentration and have fewer outside options for finding jobs with similar skill requirements. They have a higher probability to switch occupations and sectors, move to occupations that are more different in terms of skill requirements compared to the pre-displacement job, and are more likely to change workplace districts after displacement. Women, older workers and those with vocational degrees as well as workers in East Germany, experience particularly high costs in case they are displaced from high carbon-intensity sectors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Labor Demand Responses to Changing Gas Prices (2023)
Zitatform
Bossler, Mario, Alexander Moog & Thorsten Schank (2023): Labor Demand Responses to Changing Gas Prices. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16015), Bonn, 17 S.
Abstract
"In course of the current energy crisis, the consequences of increasing gas prices are heavily discussed. To date, however, there is no evidence of the impact of gas prices on the labor market. Using administrative employment data from 2012–2020, we find for manufacturing establishments a gas price elasticity of labor demand of −0.02, likely reflecting a scale effect. We also show that a rise in the gas price leads to an increase in establishment closure. A negative impact of the gas price on wages of 2 percent is consistent with rent-sharing." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Urbane Produktion in Deutschland: Ergebnisse einer bundesweiten empirischen Datenanalyse (2023)
Zitatform
Brixy, Udo, Stefan Gärtner, Marvin Guth, Katharina Hackenberg, Andrea Jonas & Kerstin Meyer (2023): Urbane Produktion in Deutschland. Ergebnisse einer bundesweiten empirischen Datenanalyse. In: pnd - rethinking planning H. 1, S. 23-39., 2023-04-06. DOI:10.18154/RWTH-2023-04038
Abstract
"Nach Jahren der Trennung von Wohnen und Arbeiten geriet die Produktion in der Stadt zunehmend aus dem Blickfeld und wurde zum Teil aus den Städten verlagert. Angestoßen durch veränderte Produktionsweisen und neue Leitbilder der Nutzungsmischung wird aktuell über die produktive Stadt diskutiert. Bundesweite Analysen darüber, wie sich Produktion in unterschiedlichen Stadt- und Gemeindetypen darstellt, fehlen bislang. Hier setzt der vorliegende Beitrag an, der eine empirisch messbare Definition urbaner Produktion vorstellt und dazu Daten des Betriebs-Historik-Panels des Instituts für Arbeitsmarkt und Berufsforschung (IAB) mit Bevölkerungsdaten des Zensus sowie verschiedenen Geodaten verschneidet. Auf dieser Basis erfolgt eine räumlich differenzierte Analyse zum Status quo und zur zeitlichen Entwicklung (2000-2017) urbaner Produktion in Deutschland. Dargestellt werden Informationen zu Betrieben und Beschäftigten sowie deren bundesweite und kleinräumige Entwicklungen" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
The role of agglomerations in the emerging performance and the early development of new establishments: evidence from Germany (2023)
Zitatform
Changoluisa, Javier (2023): The role of agglomerations in the emerging performance and the early development of new establishments: evidence from Germany. In: Journal of evolutionary economics, Jg. 33, H. 3, S. 837-868. DOI:10.1007/s00191-023-00823-9
Abstract
"This paper analyzes the emerging performance and early development of new establishments considering the role of agglomerations. It creates distinctions between the most commonly observed types of new businesses, namely startups, spinofs, and new establishments that result from a change in proprietorship. The empirical analysis reveals that new establishments with higher productivity emerge in regions with higher population density, regardless of the foundation type. While at the end of the time period analyzed, new establishments in more densely populated regions still show higher productivity levels than those in less densely populated regions, an agglomeration’s role depends on the foundation type. Indeed, while spinofs in more densely populated regions tend to refect the higher productivity levels shown in the frst time period, the productivity premium of startups in agglomerations diminishes over time. This analysis emphasizes the relevance of location for the setup and early development of new ventures and, more importantly, the varying role of agglomerations conditioned by the characteristics of new businesses." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Robots, Occupations, and Worker Age: A Production-unit Analysis of Employment (2023)
Zitatform
Deng, Liuchun, Steffen Müller, Verena Plümpe & Jens Stegmaier (2023): Robots, Occupations, and Worker Age: A Production-unit Analysis of Employment. (IWH-Diskussionspapiere 2023,05), Halle, 45 S.
Abstract
"Wir analysieren die Auswirkungen der Einführung von Robotern auf die Zusammensetzung der Beschäftigung anhand neuer Mikrodaten über den Einsatz von Robotern in deutschen Betrieben des verarbeitenden Gewerbes in Verbindung mit weiteren Daten. Unser theoretisches Modell sagt positive Beschäftigungseffekte für die am wenigsten routineintensiven Berufe und für junge Arbeitnehmer voraus, wobei letztere sich besser an den Wandel anpassen können. Eine Event-Study zur Einführung von Robotern findet hierfür Evidenz. Wir finden für keine Berufs- oder Altersgruppe negative Beschäftigungseffekte, aber die Fluktuation unter gering qualifizierten Arbeitnehmern steigt stark an. Wir kommen zu dem Schluss, dass der Verdrängungseffekt von Robotern berufsabhängig, aber altersneutral ist, während der Wiedereinstellungseffekt altersabhängig ist und vor allem jungen Arbeitnehmern zugute kommt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Robots and Female Employment in German Manufacturing (2023)
Zitatform
Deng, Liuchun, Steffen Müller, Verena Plümpe & Jens Stegmaier (2023): Robots and Female Employment in German Manufacturing. In: AEA papers and proceedings H. May, S. 224-228., 2023-02-01. DOI:10.1257/pandp.20231040
Abstract
"We analyze the impact of robot adoption on female employment. Our analysis is based on novel micro data on robot use by German manufacturing establishments linked with social security records. An event study analysis for robot adoption shows increased churning among female workers. Whereas hiring rises significantly at robot adoption, separations increase with a smaller magnitude one year later. Overall, employment effects are modestly positive and strongest for medium-qualified women. We find no adverse employment effects for female workers in any of our broad qualification groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Online Appendix -
Literaturhinweis
The Occupational Panel for Germany (2023)
Zitatform
Dengler, Katharina, Markus Janser & Florian Lehmer (2023): The Occupational Panel for Germany. In: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, Jg. 243, H. 6, S. 711-724., 2022-08-30. DOI:10.1515/jbnst-2022-0053
Abstract
"The occupational panel for Germany provides a comprehensive database for studying the development of occupations over time. It is based on the IAB Employment History (BeH), which contains all social security notifications that employers have to submit for their employees subject to social security and minor employees. The current version of the panel covers the years 2012–2018. Information on employees is aggregated at the occupational level such as shares by age, qualification or gender. In addition, occupational information from the expert database BERUFENET of the Federal Employment Agency, e.g. the substitution potential or the Digital-Tools Index, is prepared and merged to the occupational panel." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Employment and Reallocation Effects of Higher Minimum Wages (2023)
Drechsel-Grau, Moritz;Zitatform
Drechsel-Grau, Moritz (2023): Employment and Reallocation Effects of Higher Minimum Wages. (CESifo working paper 10412), München, 64 S.
Abstract
"This paper studies the employment and reallocation effects of minimum wages in Germany in a search-and-matching model with endogenous job search effort and vacancy posting, multiple employment levels, a progressive tax-transfer system, and worker and firm heterogeneity. I find that minimum wages up to 70% of the median wage significantly increase productivity, hours worked and output without reducing employment. In frictional labor markets, however, reallocation takes time whenever the minimum wage cuts deep into the wage distribution. I show that gradually implementing a high minimum wage is necessary to avoid elevated unemployment rates during the transition." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Regionale Unterschiede im Gender Pay Gap in Deutschland 2021 (2023)
Zitatform
Fuchs, Michaela, Anja Rossen, Antje Weyh & Gabriele Wydra-Somaggio (2023): Regionale Unterschiede im Gender Pay Gap in Deutschland 2021. (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung. Aktuelle Daten und Indikatoren), Nürnberg, 17 S.
Abstract
"Dass Frauen in Deutschland weniger verdienen als Männer, gilt gemeinhin als bekannt. Die nationale Betrachtung verdeckt jedoch große Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Regionen. Im Folgenden zeigen wir diese regionalen Unterschiede mit dem so genannten Gender Pay Gap (GPG) auf. Datengrundlage bildet hierbei der nominale Lohn (brutto), den sozialversicherungspflichtig Vollzeitbeschäftigte zum Stichtag 30.06.2021 in einer bestimmten Region verdient haben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
The World's Rust Belts: The Heterogeneous Effects of Deindustrialization on 1,993 Cities in Six Countries (2023)
Zitatform
Gagliardi, Luisa, Enrico Moretti & Michel Serafinelli (2023): The World's Rust Belts: The Heterogeneous Effects of Deindustrialization on 1,993 Cities in Six Countries. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 31948), Cambridge, Mass, 63 S.
Abstract
"We investigate the employment consequences of deindustrialization for 1,993 cities in France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, and the United States. In all six countries we find a strong negative relationship between a city's share of manufacturing employment in the year of its country's manufacturing peak and the subsequent change in total employment, reflecting the fact that cities where manufacturing was initially more important experienced larger negative labor demand shocks. But in a significant number of cases, total employment fully recovered and even exceeded initial levels, despite the loss of manufacturing jobs. Overall, 34% of former manufacturing hubs--defined as cities with an initial manufacturing employment share in the top tercile--experienced employment growth faster than their country's mean, suggesting that a surprisingly large number of cities was able to adapt to the negative shock caused by deindustrialization. The U.S. has the lowest share, indicating that the U.S. Rust Belt communities have fared relatively worse compared to their peers in the other countries. We then seek to understand why some former manufacturing hubs recovered while others didn't. We find that deindustrialization had different effects on local employment depending on the initial share of college-educated workers in the labor force. While in the two decades before the manufacturing peak, cities with a high college share experienced a rate of employment growth similar to those with a low college share, in the decades after the manufacturing peak, the employment trends diverged: cities with a high college share experienced significantly faster employment growth. The divergence grows over time at an accelerating rate. Using an instrumental variable based on the driving distance to historical colleges and universities, we estimate that a one standard deviation increase in local college share results in a rate of employment growth per decade that is 9.1 percentage points" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Regional Factors as Determinants of Employees’ Training Participation (2023)
Zitatform
Görlitz, Katja, Sylvi Rzepka & Marcus Tamm (2023): Regional Factors as Determinants of Employees’ Training Participation. In: S. Weinert, G. J. Blossfeld & H.-P. Blossfeld (Hrsg.) (2023): Education, Competence Development and Career Trajectories, S. 337-345. DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-27007-9_15
Abstract
"Although the literature on the determinants of training has considered individual and firm-related characteristics, it has generally neglected regional factors. This is surprising, given the fact that labour markets differ by regions. Regional factors are often ignored because (both in Germany and abroad) many data sets covering training information do not include detailed geographical identifiers that would allow a merging of information on the regional level. The regional identifiers of the National Educational Panel Study (Starting Cohort 6) offer opportunities to advance research on several regional factors. This article summarizes the results from two studies that exploit these unique opportunities to investigate the relationship between training participation and (a) the local level of firm competition for workers within specific sectors of the economy and (b) the regional supply of training measured as the number of firms offering courses or seminars for potential training participants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Working from Home for Good? Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic and What This Means for the Future of Work (2023)
Zitatform
Kagerl, Christian & Julia Starzetz (2023): Working from Home for Good? Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic and What This Means for the Future of Work. In: Journal of business economics, Jg. 93, H. 1/2, S. 229-265., 2022-11-01. DOI:10.1007/s11573-022-01124-6
Abstract
"In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, more firms than ever before have enabled their employees to work from home. Based on a representative firm survey in Germany, surveying 2.000 firms per month throughout the course of the pandemic (October 2020 until June 2022), this paper provides suggestive evidence concerning the effects of working from home (WFH) at different points in time during the pandemic and discusses implications for the future of work. We assess the potential of WFH in Germany to be 25–30% of private-sector employees. On the firm side, we find that higher WFH use is positively related to business success during the crisis, with increased employee productivity and employees working more hours when remote being possible mechanisms. Larger firms in particular are open towards expanding their WFH offerings in the future. During the pandemic, firms have experienced that WFH has worked well in many respects (e.g., productivity of employees, quality of work performed) and, for the future, they are willing to facilitate WFH in order to give their employees more flexibility, and to be considered an attractive employer. However, working on site brings advantages (e.g., communication, cooperation and onboarding of new employees) firms will not want to sacrifice, pointing towards a hybrid model of work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The fall and rebound of average establishment size in West Germany (2023)
Zitatform
Kovalenko, Tim, Timo Sauerbier & Benedikt Schröpf (2023): The fall and rebound of average establishment size in West Germany. (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Lehrstuhl für Arbeitsmarkt- und Regionalpolitik. Diskussionspapiere 126), Nürnberg, 69 S.
Abstract
"In West Germany, the average size of establishments declined during the 1990s and started to increase again in the late 2000s, while the employer size wage premium followed the opposite trajectory. In this paper, we show that these two developments are interrelated. More precisely, our results suggest that variations in the employer size wage premiums induced establishments to vary their employment level, consistent with monopsony power on the labor market. Moreover, our regional analyses show that average establishment size correlates positively with GDP per capita. We rationalize these findings with a heterogeneous firms model with monopsonistic competition in the labor market, stemming from the household’s love-of-variety preferences for employers. Both empirics and theory reveal that higher size wage premiums decrease average establishment size by downsizing incumbent establishments and triggering the entry of small establishments, thus also negatively affecting aggregate productivity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Nonresponse trends in establishment panel surveys: findings from the 2001–2017 IAB establishment panel (2023)
Zitatform
König, Corinna & Joseph Sakshaug (2023): Nonresponse trends in establishment panel surveys: findings from the 2001–2017 IAB establishment panel. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 57, 2023-07-06. DOI:10.1186/s12651-023-00349-4
Abstract
"Many household panel surveys have experienced decreasing response rates and increasing risk of nonresponse bias in recent decades, but trends in response rates and nonresponse bias in business or establishment panel surveys are largely understudied. This article examines both panel response rates and nonresponse bias in one of the largest and longest-running establishment panels, the IAB Establishment Panel. Response rate trends are reported over a 17-year period for each annual cohort and rich administrative data are used to evaluate changes in nonresponse bias and test hypotheses regarding short-term and long-term panel participation. The findings show that while cumulative panel response rates have declined over time, wave-to-wave reinterview rates have remained largely stable. Reinterview nonresponse bias has also remained stable, while cumulative nonresponse bias has consistently increased within all cohorts. Larger establishments and those that experienced an interviewer change or did not answer all survey questions (item nonresponse) in a previous wave were less likely to continue participating in the panel. These findings and their practical implications are discussed in conclusion." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
FDI and onshore job stability: Upgrades, downgrades, and separations in multinationals (2023)
Körner, Konstantin; Eppelsheimer, Johann; Borrs, Linda;Zitatform
Körner, Konstantin, Linda Borrs & Johann Eppelsheimer (2023): FDI and onshore job stability: Upgrades, downgrades, and separations in multinationals. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 152, 2022-10-24. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104332
Abstract
"We use linked employer–employee data to estimate the impact of firms’ foreign direct investment (FDI) into a low-wage country on workers’ job stability in a high-wage country. We are the first to consider internal (i.e., within-firm) job transitions. Specifically, we examine the impact of German firms’ FDI into the Czech Republic on the likelihood of onshore employees up- or downgrading to occupations that are more or less intensive in analytical and interactive tasks. To do so, we match firms with similar investing probabilities. We use this sample to estimate proportional hazards models to retrieve the dynamic effects on workers. We find that FDI increases the average likelihood of upgrades and downgrades by 17% and 19%, respectively. These effects are the strongest for jobs with low shares of nonroutine and interactive tasks, and they increase over time. They become substantial two years after the investment and reach 32%–46% and 35%–48%, respectively. FDI does not increase the hazard of worker–firm separations. Our results highlight the importance of internal firm restructuring, which enables firms to satisfy their altered domestic labor needs after FDI." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The dynamics of wage dispersion between firms: the role of firm entry and exit (2023)
Zitatform
Schröpf, Benedikt (2023): The dynamics of wage dispersion between firms: the role of firm entry and exit. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 57. DOI:10.1186/s12651-022-00326-3
Abstract
"Although wage inequality is an important and widely studied issue, the literature is vastly silent on the relationship between firm entry and exit and the wage dispersion between firms. Using a 50% random administrative sample of West German establishments over the period 1976–2017, I study wage dispersion dynamics between and within the groups of entering, exiting, and incumbent establishments by examining the distribution of average wages across establishments. The results show that entering establishments became increasingly unequal over time, thereby contributing to the rise in wage dispersion between establishments. However, exit rates of young and low-wage establishments have dampened this effect. These findings suggest considering the consequences for wage inequality when designing and assessing policy instruments for firm entry and exit." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Beyond windfall gains: The redistribution of apprenticeship costs and vocational education of care workers (2023)
Zitatform
Schuß, Eric (2023): Beyond windfall gains: The redistribution of apprenticeship costs and vocational education of care workers. In: Economica, Jg. 90, H. 359, S. 978-1002. DOI:10.1111/ecca.12474
Abstract
"In many countries, training subsidies and levy schemes are used to tackle the problem that company-based provision of apprenticeship training is low. In this paper, we consider the introduction of a levy scheme in the care sector and estimate the causal effect exerted by substantial redistribution of care worker apprenticeship costs on the training activity of care facilities. We exploit the fact that the underlying apprenticeship levy was introduced across the German federal states at different points in time. For ambulatory care, we find a positive effect on the probability of hiring new apprentices and on the number of new apprentices. Inpatient care facilities react only at the intensive margin. This suggests that the positive effects in this sector are driven mainly by facilities that have already provided training slots before the reform." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Effects of mass layoffs on local employment - evidence from geo-referenced data (2023)
Zitatform
Vom Berge, Philipp & Achim Schmillen (2023): Effects of mass layoffs on local employment - evidence from geo-referenced data. In: Journal of economic geography, Jg. 23, H. 3, S. 509-539., 2022-08-25. DOI:10.1093/jeg/lbac026
Abstract
"Using an event study approach and a novel data set that links administrative information on German establishments with exact distance measures from geo-referenced address data, we analyze the net impact of mass layoffs on local employment. We find that local spillovers significantly attenuate the direct impact of mass layoffs on municipal-level employment. About a quarter of the 1-year direct employment loss due to a mass layoff event is absorbed within the same municipality. Local spillovers are especially pronounced very close to the mass layoff site; the majority of the absorption is concentrated within a 1000-m radius. There is little evidence of spillovers beyond the affected municipality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Oxford University Press) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The Role of Within-Occupation Task Changes in Wage Development (2022)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald, Gökay Demir, Colin Green & Arne Uhlendorff (2022): The Role of Within-Occupation Task Changes in Wage Development. (Ruhr economic papers 975), Essen, 41 S. DOI:10.4419/96973140
Abstract
"Wir untersuchen, wie Veränderungen der Aufgabeninhalte im Laufe der Zeit die berufliche Lohnentwicklung beeinflussen. Anhand von Umfragedaten aus Deutschland dokumentieren wir eine erhebliche Heterogenität bei der Veränderung von Aufgabeninhalten innerhalb eines Berufes. Kombiniert man diese Erkenntnisse mit administrativen Daten zu individuellen Beschäftigungsergebnissen über einen Zeitraum von 25 Jahren, so stellt man fest, dass es eine erhebliche Heterogenität in Bezug auf Lohneinbußen bei ursprünglich routineintensiven Tätigkeiten gibt. Während Berufe, die (relativ) routineintensiv bleiben, erhebliche Lohneinbußen mit sich bringen, bleiben die Löhne in Berufen mit abnehmender Routineintensität stabil oder steigen sogar. Diese Ergebnisse lassen sich nicht durch Kompositions- oder Kohorteneffekte erklärt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: CREST working paper series -
Literaturhinweis
Disentangling structural change, servitization, and skill-biased Change (2022)
Zitatform
Boddin, Dominik & Thilo Kroeger (2022): Disentangling structural change, servitization, and skill-biased Change. Frankfurt am Main, 41 S.
Abstract
"Based on a decomposition exercise, we show that, while the three labor market trends of structural change, servitization, and skill-biased change occur simultaneously in Germany, they are independent of and clearly distinguishable from one another. We assess the individual contributions of each of the trends to observed changes in employment from 1975 to 2017. In addition to structural change, which often dominates the debate about changes in the labor market, servitization and skill-biased change also play an important role in employment growth. For instance, merely two-thirds of the lost jobs in the manufacturing sector can be attributed to structural change." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Labor market frictions and spillover effects from publicly announced sectoral minimum wages (2022)
Demir, Gökay;Zitatform
Demir, Gökay (2022): Labor market frictions and spillover effects from publicly announced sectoral minimum wages. (Ruhr economic papers 985), Essen, 76 S.
Abstract
"I analyze the spillover effects of publicly announced sectoral minimum wages in Germany. My identification strategy exploits exposure to sectoral minimum wages across workers and industries outside the minimum wage sector in a triple differences estimation. Subminimum wage workers in related industries outside of the minimum wage sector experience an increase in wages, job-to-job transitions, and reallocation from low-paying to high-paying establishments after the public announcement of Germany's first sectoral minimum wage. The reduction of information frictions, rather than the strategic interaction of employers, appears to be the main mechanism for these effects. When examining the spillover effects of other sectoral minimum wages from various contexts, I only discover positive spillover effects on sub-minimum wage workers in related industries outside the minimum wage sectors if the typical employment relationship in the minimum wage sector is comparable to that of the workers in my sample." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Demir, Gökay; -
Literaturhinweis
Macroeconomic and Distributional Effects of Higher Minimum Wages (2022)
Drechsel-Grau, Moritz;Zitatform
Drechsel-Grau, Moritz (2022): Macroeconomic and Distributional Effects of Higher Minimum Wages. (Jahrestagung des Vereins für Socialpolitik 2022: Big Data in Economics), Kiel, 60 S.
Abstract
"While many countries are discussing substantial increases in the minimum wage, policy makers lack a comprehensive analysis of the macroeconomic and distributional consequences of raising the minimum wage. This paper investigates how employment, output and worker welfare respond to increases in the minimum wage beyond observable levels – both in the short- and long run. To that end, I incorporate endogenous job search effort, differences in employment levels, and a progressive tax-transfer system into a search-matching model with worker and firm heterogeneity. I estimate my model using German administrative and survey data. The model replicates the muted employment response, as well as the reallocation effects in terms of productivity and employment levels documented by reduced form research on the German introduction of a federal minimum wage in 2015. Simulating the model, I find that long-run employment increases slightly until the minimum wage is equal to 60% of the full-time median wage (Kaitz index) as higher search effort offsets lower vacancy posting. In addition, raising the minimum wage reallocates workers towards fulltime jobs and high-productivity firms. Total hours worked and output peak at Kaitz indices of 73% and 79%. However, policy makers face an important inter-temporal trade-off as large minimum wage hikes lead to substantial job destruction, unemployment and recessions in the short-run. Finally, I show that raising the minimum wage largely benefits men. For women, who often rely on low-hours jobs, the disutility from working longer hours outweighs the utility of higher incomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Latest Version February 23, 2023 -
Literaturhinweis
Does working at a start-up pay off? (2022)
Zitatform
Fackler, Daniel, Lisa Hölscher, Claus Schnabel & Antje Weyh (2022): Does working at a start-up pay off? In: Small business economics, Jg. 58, H. 4, S. 2211-2233., 2021-04-26. DOI:10.1007/s11187-021-00508-2
Abstract
"Using representative linked employer-employee data for Germany, this paper analyzes short- and long-run differences in labor market performance of workers joining start-ups instead of incumbent firms. Applying entropy balancing and following individuals over ten years, we find huge and long-lasting drawbacks from entering a start-up in terms of wages, yearly income, and (un)employment. These disadvantages hold for all groups of workers and types of start-ups analyzed. Although our analysis of different subsequent career paths highlights important heterogeneities, it does not reveal any strategy through which workers joining start-ups can catch up with the income of similar workers entering incumbent firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Weyh, Antje; -
Literaturhinweis
Firm Organization with Multiple Establishments (2022)
Zitatform
Gumpert, Anna, Henrike Steimer & Manfred Antoni (2022): Firm Organization with Multiple Establishments. In: The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Jg. 137, H. 2, S. 1091-1138., 2021-10-03. DOI:10.1093/qje/qjab049
Abstract
"We show theoretically and empirically that the managerial organization of multiestablishment firms is interdependent across establishments. To derive our result, we study the effect of geographic frictions on firm organization. In our model, we assume that a CEO’s time is a resource in limited supply, shared across headquarters and establishments. Geographic frictions increase the costs of accessing the CEO. Hiring middle managers at one establishment substitutes for CEO time, which is reallocated across all establishments. Consequently, geographic frictions between the headquarters and one establishment affect the organization of all establishments of a firm. Our model is consistent with novel facts about multiestablishment firm organization that we document using administrative data from Germany. We exploit the opening of high-speed railway routes to show that not only the establishments directly affected by faster travel times but also the other establishments of the firm adjust their organization. Our findings imply that local conditions propagate across space through firm organization." (Author's abstract, © 2021 Oxford University Press) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
früher (möglw. abweichend) erschienen als: CESifo working paper -
Literaturhinweis
Cost of Inclusion? Intended and Non-intended Effects of the Employment Quota for Workers with Disabilities (2022)
Zitatform
Hiesinger, Karolin (2022): Cost of Inclusion? Intended and Non-intended Effects of the Employment Quota for Workers with Disabilities. (Jahrestagung des Vereins für Socialpolitik 2022: Big Data in Economics), Kiel, 58 S.
Abstract
"This paper analyzes whether financial disincentives affect firm demand for disabled workers. In Germany, firms must pay a noncompliance fine if they do not meet their legal quota for disabled workers. I exploit a threshold in this quota: Firms with fewer than 40 employees are required to employ one disabled worker, whereas firms with 40 or more employees must employ two disabled workers. Using administrative firm data, my results suggest that firms respond partially to the threshold and employ 0.388 more disabled workers when they are located just above the threshold. The effect remains positive after correcting for bunching behavior." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
To Include or Not to Include? Firm Employment Decisions with Respect to the German Disabled Worker Quota (2022)
Zitatform
Hiesinger, Karolin (2022): To Include or Not to Include? Firm Employment Decisions with Respect to the German Disabled Worker Quota. (IAB-Discussion Paper 25/2022), Nürnberg, 61 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.DP.2225
Abstract
"In Deutschland müssen Unternehmen eine Ausgleichsabgabe zahlen, wenn sie die gesetzliche Quote zur Beschäftigung von Menschen mit Schwerbehinderungen nicht erfüllen. Im vorliegenden Papier wird untersucht, inwieweit die Ausgleichsabgabe die Arbeitsnachfrage von Unternehmen beeinflusst. Dabei nutze ich eine Schwellenwertregelung innerhalb der Schwerbehindertenquote: Unternehmen mit mindestens 20, aber weniger als 40 Beschäftigte müssen mindestens eine Person mit Schwerbehinderung beschäftigen, Unternehmen mit mindestens 40, aber weniger als 60 Beschäftigte müssen mindestens zwei Menschen mit Schwerbehinderungen beschäftigen. Mit Hilfe administrativer Unternehmensdaten schätze ich den Schwellenwerteffekt auf die Anzahl der Personen mit Schwerbehinderungen im Unternehmen. Meine Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Unternehmen zum Teil auf die Regelung reagieren und im Durchschnitt 0,388 mehr Personen mit Schwerbehinderungen beschäftigen, wenn sie sich knapp oberhalb des Schwellenwertes befinden. Dieser Effekt bleibt auch dann positiv, wenn berücksichtigt wird, dass manche Unternehmen bewusst unterhalb der Schwelle bleiben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
The Wage Elasticity of Recruitment (2022)
Zitatform
Hirsch, Boris, Elke J. Jahn, Alan Manning & Michael Oberfichtner (2022): The Wage Elasticity of Recruitment. (CEP discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance 1883), London, 48 S.
Abstract
"One of the factors affecting the market power of employers is the extent to which higher wages makes recruitment easier. There is very little research on this. This paper presents a methodology for estimating the wage elasticity of recruitment and applies it to German data. Our estimates of the wage elasticity of recruitment are about 1.4. We also report evidence that high-wage employers are more selective in hiring, in which case the relevant recruitment elasticity should be higher, about 2.2. Together with prior estimates of the quit elasticity these results imply that wages are 72-77% of the marginal product of labour. Further, we find lower elasticities for recruits hired from non-employment as well as for women, non-German nationals, non-prime-age workers, less skilled workers, and workers with less complex jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The Wage Elasticity of Recruitment (2022)
Zitatform
Hirsch, Boris, Elke J. Jahn, Alan Manning & Michael Oberfichtner (2022): The Wage Elasticity of Recruitment. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 15675), Bonn, 48 S.
Abstract
"One of the factors likely to affect the market power of employers is the sensitivity of the flow of recruits to the offered wage, but there is very little research on this. This paper presents a methodology for estimating the wage elasticity of recruitment and applies it to German data. Our estimates of the wage elasticity of recruitment are about 1.4. We also report evidence that high-wage employers are more selective in hiring, in which case the relevant recruitment elasticity should be higher, about 2.2. Together with prior estimates of the quit elasticity these results imply that wages are 72–77% of the marginal product of labour. Further, we find lower elasticities for recruits hired from non-employment as well as for women, non-German nationals, non-prime-age workers, less skilled workers, and workers with less complex jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Parental Leave, Worker Substitutability, and Firms' Employment (2022)
Zitatform
Huebener, Mathias, Jonas Jessen, Daniel Kühnle & Michael Oberfichtner (2022): Parental Leave, Worker Substitutability, and Firms' Employment. (Discussion paper / Berlin School of Economics 7), Berlin, 51 S. DOI:10.48462/opus4-4674
Abstract
"Motherhood and parental leave are frequent causes of worker absences and employment interruptions, yet we know little about their effects on firms. Based on linked employer-employee data from Germany, we examine how more generous leave benefits affect firm-level employment and hiring decisions. Focusing on small- and medium-sized firms, we show that more generous benefits reduce firm-level employment in the short term, which is driven by firms with few internal substitutes for the absent mother. However, firms do not respond to longer expected absences by hiring fewer young women, even when few internal substitutes are available. To rationalise the findings, we show that replacement hiring occurs largely before the expected absence and that firms hire more external replacements when fewer internal substitutes are available. These findings indicate that extended leave does not harm firms when these can plan for the longer worker absences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Working from Home for Good? Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic and What This Means for the Future of Work (2022)
Zitatform
Kagerl, Christian & Julia Starzetz (2022): Working from Home for Good? Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic and What This Means for the Future of Work. (Jahrestagung des Vereins für Socialpolitik 2022: Big Data in Economics), Kiel, 41 S.
Abstract
"In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, more firms than ever before have enabled their employees to work from home. Based on a unique establishment survey conducted in Germany, this paper provides suggestive evidence concerning the effects of working from home (WFH) at different points in time during the pandemic and discusses implications for the future of work. We assess the potential of WFH in Germany to be 25%-30% of private-sector employees. On the firm side, we find that higher WFH use is inversely related to business success during the crisis, with avoided personnel shortages and increased employee productivity being possible mechanisms. Larger firms in particular are open towards expanding their WFH offerings after the pandemic. However, working on site brings advantages firms will not want to sacrifice, pointing towards a hybrid model of work in the future." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The Covid-19 pandemic and international supply chains (2022)
Zitatform
Kleifgen, Eva, Duncan Roth & Ignat Stepanok (2022): The Covid-19 pandemic and international supply chains. (IAB-Discussion Paper 05/2022), Nürnberg, 23 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.DP.2205
Abstract
"Die Covid-19 Pandemie hatte einen beträchtlichen Einbruch des internationalen Handels zur Folge, wodurch auch Fragen zur Zukunft internationaler Handelsketten aufgeworfen wurden. Anhand eines Betriebs-Surveys, welches mit administrativen Daten verbunden werden konnte, untersuchen wir, wie Betriebe in Deutschland ihre Lieferketten aufgrund von pandemiebedingten Störungen angepasst haben. Unseren Ergebnissen zu folge weisen Betriebe, bei denen es aufgrund der Pandemie zu Einschränkungen im Bezug von Vorleistungen oder Zwischenprodukten gekommen ist, im Vergleich zu Betrieben ohne solche Beeinträchtigungen eine signifikant höhere Wahrscheinlichkeit auf, einen oder mehrere Lieferanten ausgetauscht zu haben. Dies ist insbesondere dann der Fall, wenn es zu Problemen beim Bezug aus dem Ausland gekommen ist. Betriebe, die von solchen Einschränkungen betroffen sind, haben darüber hinaus eine höhere Wahrscheinlichkeit, weiter entfernte Lieferanten mit näher gelegenen ersetzt zu haben. Den Ergebnissen zufolge handelt es sich dabei jedoch um temporäre Anpassungen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Minimum Wages in Concentrated Labor Markets: Version 4 (2022)
Zitatform
Popp, Martin (2022): Minimum Wages in Concentrated Labor Markets. Version 4. (arXiv papers), Nürnberg, 100 S. DOI:10.48550/arXiv.2111.13692
Abstract
"Economists increasingly refer to monopsony power to reconcile the absence of negative employment effects of minimum wages with theory. However, systematic evidence for the monopsony argument is scarce. In this paper, I perform a comprehensive test of monopsony theory by using labor market concentration as a proxy for monopsony power. Labor market concentration turns out substantial in Germany. Absent wage floors, a 10 percent increase in labor market concentration makes firms reduce wages by 0.5 percent and employment by 1.6 percent, reflecting monopsonistic exploitation. In line with perfect competition, sectoral minimum wages lead to negative employment effects in slightly concentrated labor markets. This effect weakens with increasing concentration and, ultimately, becomes positive in highly concentrated or monopsonistic markets. Overall, the results lend empirical support to the monopsony argument, implying that conventional minimum wage effects on employment conceal heterogeneity across market forms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
später erschienen (möglw. abweichend) als: IAB-Discussion Paper -
Literaturhinweis
Missing growth measurement in Germany (2022)
Schreiber, Sven; Schmidt, Vanessa;Zitatform
Schreiber, Sven & Vanessa Schmidt (2022): Missing growth measurement in Germany. In: German Economic Review, Jg. 23, H. 3, S. 493-527. DOI:10.1515/ger-2021-0068
Abstract
"Using detailed establishment-level micro data, this paper analyzes for the German case the hypothesis by Aghion et al. (2019), stating that officially published figures for real output growth would be systematically understated. The effect rests on overstated inflation estimates due to imputed prices for disappearing goods and services varieties, where measurable plant entry and exit dynamics play a crucial rule. Our main results regarding understated real output growth lie in the range of 0.39 to 0.54 average annual percentage points for 1998–2016, which is quite closely in line with existing findings for France, the USA, and Japan (in different periods). We also find that services sectors appear most affected, and that the effect in East Germany is somewhat larger. We investigate different market share proxies, provide additional robustness analysis and also discuss limitations of the approach." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Do asset purchase programmes shape industry dynamics?: Evidence from the ECB's SMP on plant entries and exits (2021)
Zitatform
Antoni, Manfred & Talina Sondershaus (2021): Do asset purchase programmes shape industry dynamics? Evidence from the ECB's SMP on plant entries and exits. (IWH-Diskussionspapiere 2019,12), Halle, 48 S.
Abstract
"Asset purchase programmes (APPs) may insulate banks from having to terminate relationships with unproductive customers. Using administrative plant and bank data, we test whether APPs impinge on industry dynamics in terms of plant entry and exit. Plants in Germany connected to banks with access to an APP are approximately 20% less likely to exit. In particular, unproductive plants connected to weak banks with APP access are less likely to close. Aggregate entry and exit rates in regional markets with high APP exposures are also lower. Thus, APPs seem to subdue Schumpeterian cleansing mechanisms, which may hamper factor reallocation and aggregate productivity growth." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Occupational routine intensity and the costs of job loss: evidence from mass layoffs (2021)
Zitatform
Blien, Uwe, Wolfgang Dauth & Duncan Roth (2021): Occupational routine intensity and the costs of job loss. Evidence from mass layoffs. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 68, 2020-11-25. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2020.101953
Abstract
"In diesem Papier wird untersucht, inwieweit sich die Kosten eines Jobverlusts für Personen unterscheiden, die ursprünglich in Berufen tätig waren, die einen unterschiedlichen Grad an Routineintensität aufweisen. Für die empirische Untersuchung verwenden wir Daten zu Massenentlassungen in Deutschland, die zwischen 1980 und 2010 stattgefunden haben. Diese Datengrundlage erlaubt es uns, den kausalen Effekt von Routineintensität auf die Auswirkungen zu schätzen, die ein Jobverlust auf das Einkommen von Personen hat. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein solcher Jobverlust größere und länger anhaltende negative Einkommenseffekte für Personen aus routineintensiveren Berufen nach sich zieht. In den ersten Monaten nach der Massenentlassung lassen sich diese Effekte mehrheitlich darauf zurückführen, dass die Beschäftigungsdauer von Personen aus routineintensiveren Berufen stärker abnimmt, was auf größere Friktionen bei der Suche nach neuer Beschäftigung für diese Personengruppe hindeutet. Wenn eine neue Beschäftigung aufgenommen wird, ist diese bei ursprünglich in routineintensiven Berufen tätigen Personen häufiger in einem anderen Beruf als dem ursprungsberuf vor der Massenentlassung. Darüber hinaus liegt die Entlohnung systematisch unterhalb des berufsspezifischen Durchschnittslohns." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Structural change revisited: The rise of manufacturing jobs in the service sector (2021)
Zitatform
Boddin, Dominik & Thilo Kroeger (2021): Structural change revisited: The rise of manufacturing jobs in the service sector. (Discussion paper / Deutsche Bundesbank 2021,38), Frankfurt am Main, 55 S.
Abstract
"This paper reconsiders the labor market consequences of structural change over the past 43 years. Taking two different ways of defining manufacturing and service employment as point of departure - according to the industry classification of firms or establishments and according to the occupation and hence the tasks of the workers - we show that structural change is far less pronounced than generally perceived. Manufacturing and service employment numbers based on the occupations of workers deviate markedly from the employment numbers based on the industry classification of employers. The decline in manufacturing jobs in Germany is far lower if the measurement of employment is based on the occupation of the worker. About 52% of manufacturing jobs that were lost in manufacturing industries between 1975 and 2017 are offset by new manufacturing jobs in service industries. This also has important implications for empirical applications. By way of example, we reestimate the effect of international trade on manufacturing employment based on the occupation of the worker. Contrary to previously identified negative effects, we cannot identify significant effects of import exposure on employment in manufacturing occupations. Using detailed, comprehensive German social security data, we show at the worker level that the service sector increasingly acts as a valuable alternative employment option for workers with manufacturing occupations. We estimate the causal effects of a switch to the service sector on employment outcomes by following workers over time after mass layoffs. The results reinforce our claim that structural change is less pronounced than perceived, as workers who retain their initial occupation and switch to employment in the service sector experience no significant differences in future employment trajectories compared to workers who manage to stay in the manufacturing sector." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Do Firms Hire Relatively More Older Workers?: Evidence from Germany (2021)
Zitatform
Busch, Fabian, Robert Fenge & Carsten Ochsen (2021): Do Firms Hire Relatively More Older Workers? Evidence from Germany. (HdBA discussion papers in labour economics / Hochschule der Bundesagentur für Arbeit 2021-05), Mannheim, 33 S.
Abstract
"This paper analyses how demographic changes affect the hiring of older workers. Do firms adjust their hiring behaviour to an ageing society? Combining data at the firm level and the administrative district level, we analyse the hiring behaviour of firms. Our findings suggest that firms with an ageing workforce hire relatively more older workers. Since the willingness to hire older workers also increases with the share of older unemployed, the propensity to employ older people does generally rise with an ageing labour force. Also, part-time employment induces firms to engage more older workers but this effect disappears for large firms. In contrast, partial retirement regulations have a negative effect on hiring older workers which reveals unintended incentives of the German law on this matter. Finally, firms with a higher share of educated personnel hire more older workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Stellen Unternehmen relativ mehr ältere ArbeitnehmerInnen ein? (2021)
Zitatform
Busch, Fabian, Robert Fenge & Carsten Ochsen (2021): Stellen Unternehmen relativ mehr ältere ArbeitnehmerInnen ein? In: Ökonomenstimme H. 22.10.2021, o. Sz.
Abstract
"Der demographische Wandel lässt die Erwerbsbevölkerung altern. Wie reagieren Unternehmen mit ihrem Einstellungsverhalten auf den alternden ArbeitnehmerInnenpool? In einer Paneldatenanalyse wird die Wirkung der Alterung der Erwerbspersonen auf den Anteil von 50- bis 64-jährigen ArbeitnehmerInnen untersucht, den Unternehmen einstellen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Do Firms Hire More Older Workers? Evidence from Germany (2021)
Zitatform
Busch, Fabian, Robert Fenge & Carsten Ochsen (2021): Do Firms Hire More Older Workers? Evidence from Germany. (CESifo working paper 9219), München, 33 S.
Abstract
"This paper analyses how demographic changes of the labour force affect labour demand. Do firms adjust their hiring behaviour to an ageing society? Combining data at the firm level and the administrative district level, we analyse the hiring behaviour of firms. Our findings suggest that firms with an ageing workforce hire relatively more older workers. Since the willingness to hire older workers also increases with the share of older unemployed, the propensity to employ older people does generally rise with an ageing labour force. Also, part-time employment induces firms to engage more older workers but this effect disappears for large firms. In contrast, partial retirement regulations have a negative effect on hiring older workers which reveals unintended incentives of the German law on this matter. Finally, firms with a higher share of educated personnel demand more older workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Employment effects of payroll tax subsidies (2021)
Zitatform
Collischon, Matthias, Kamila Cygan-Rehm & Regina T. Riphahn (2021): Employment effects of payroll tax subsidies. In: Small business economics, Jg. 57, S. 1201–1219., 2020-03-11. DOI:10.1007/s11187-020-00344-w
Abstract
"This paper exploits several reforms of wage subsidies in the framework of the German Minijob program to investigate substitution and complementarity relationships between subsidized and non-subsidized labor demand. We apply an instrumental variables approach and use administrative data on German establishments for the period 1999–2014. Particularly in small establishments (0–9 employees), subsidized Minijob employment comprises large shares of the work force, on average over 40%. For these establishments, robust evidence shows that increasing the subsidization of Minijob employment crowds out non-subsidized employment. Our results imply that Minijob employment in 2014 may have eliminated more than 0.5 million unsubsidized employment relationships just in small establishments. This represents an unintended and harmful consequence of the Minijob subsidy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Minijobs in Kleinbetrieben: Sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung wird verdrängt (2021)
Zitatform
Collischon, Matthias, Kamila Cygan-Rehm & Regina T. Riphahn (2021): Minijobs in Kleinbetrieben: Sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung wird verdrängt. In: IAB-Forum H. 20.10.2021 Nürnberg, 2021-10-18.
Abstract
"Minijobs sind ein umstrittenes Instrument deutscher Arbeitsmarktpolitik. Einer aktuellen Studie zufolge verdrängen sie allein in kleinen Betrieben bis zu 500.000 sozialversicherungspflichtige Stellen. Anders als erhofft, bilden sie zudem nur selten eine Brücke in sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Post-merger Restructuring of the Labor Force (2021)
Zitatform
Gehrke, Britta, Ernst Maug, Stefan Obernberger & Christoph Schneider (2021): Post-merger Restructuring of the Labor Force. (IZA discussion paper 14409), Bonn, 77 S., Anhang.
Abstract
"We study the restructuring of the labor force after mergers and acquisitions. Overall restructuring is large. Net employment of targets declines by more than half within two years after acquisitions relative to a matched sample, and is concentrated in targets that close all establishments. There is a substantial increase in employee turnover. We place our analysis within a framework in which acquirers seek growth options from targets and provide managerial capabilities to organize production more efficiently. Consistent with this framework, we show that growth and turnover are both higher for managers, and that firms become more hierarchical if they grow and if they become more diversified. Acquirers have a better-educated, better-paid, and more qualified workforce than targets, and they adapt the workforce by hiring new employees who are much younger and less expensive. Mergers create internal labor markets, which are more active if firms have more managerial capacities. However, most hiring is external, especially for managers." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Gehrke, Britta; -
Literaturhinweis
Zugewanderte haben nach einer Massenentlassung schlechtere Arbeitsmarktperspektiven als Einheimische (2021)
Illing, Hannah; Koch, Theresa;Zitatform
Illing, Hannah & Theresa Koch (2021): Zugewanderte haben nach einer Massenentlassung schlechtere Arbeitsmarktperspektiven als Einheimische. In: IAB-Forum H. 04.11.2021 Nürnberg, o. Sz., 2021-11-02.
Abstract
"Massenentlassungen haben für die Betroffenen langfristig negative Konsequenzen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt. Das betrifft sowohl die Verdienstmöglichkeiten als auch die Beschäftigungschancen. Aus verschiedenen Gründen trifft dies für Zugewanderte noch stärker zu als für Einheimische." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Who Suffers the Greatest Loss? Costs of Job Displacement for Migrants and Natives (2021)
Illing, Hannah; Koch, Theresa;Zitatform
Illing, Hannah & Theresa Koch (2021): Who Suffers the Greatest Loss? Costs of Job Displacement for Migrants and Natives. (IAB-Discussion Paper 08/2021), Nürnberg, 63 S.
Abstract
"Wir sind die ersten, die empirische Belege für Unterschiede in den individuellen Kosten des Arbeitsplatzverlustes für Migranten im Vergleich zu Einheimischen in Deutschland liefern. Unter Verwendung von verknüpften Arbeitgeber-Arbeitnehmer-Daten für den Zeitraum 1996-2017 berechnen wir die Verdienst-, Lohn- und Beschäftigungsverluste jedes entlassenen Arbeitnehmers nach einer Massenentlassung im Vergleich zu einem nicht-entlassenen Kontrollarbeiter. Wir stellen fest, dass Migranten aufgrund höherer Lohn- und Beschäftigungsverluste wesentlich höhere Einkommensverluste hinnehmen müssen als Einheimische. Unterschiede in den individuellen Merkmalen und die unterschiedliche Selektion nach Branchen und Berufen können den Unterschied bei den Lohnverlusten vollständig erklären, nicht aber die Unterschiede bei der Beschäftigung nach der Entlassung. Entlassene Migranten haben sowohl eine geringere Wahrscheinlichkeit, wieder eingestellt zu werden, als auch weniger Arbeitstage als entlassene Einheimische. In Bezug auf diverse Kanäle zeigen wir, dass i) Migranten sich in schlechtere Betriebe sortieren und ii) die etwas geringere geografische Mobilität von Migranten zwischen den Bundesländern einen Teil ihres geringeren Wiederbeschäftigungserfolgs erklären kann; iii) unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Konkurrenz durch andere Migranten und nicht durch Einheimische negativ zu den Kosten des Arbeitsplatzverlustes von Migranten beiträgt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Growing firm’s choice of organic vs acquisition-based modes of growth: The role of firm age, size, industry, geographical location, and macroeconomic conditions (2021)
Jeewandarage, Pubuduni Malika; Jeewandarage, Pubuduni Malika;Zitatform
Jeewandarage, Pubuduni Malika (2021): Growing firm’s choice of organic vs acquisition-based modes of growth: The role of firm age, size, industry, geographical location, and macroeconomic conditions. Kelvin Grove, 167 S.
Abstract
"... this thesis examines the question of how firms grow through the lens of growth modes: organic vs acquisition. In order to answer this research question, hypotheses were derived largely based on the Theory of the Growth of the Firm (Penrose, 1959/1995). Relatedly, five independent variables were selected as relevant in explaining the variance in organic and acquired growth mode proportions: firm age, size, industry, location, and macroeconomic conditions. The proportion of organic growth was used as the dependant variable of interest. In sum, the present research develops theoretical understanding and empirical evidence to show how two internal factors (firm age and firm size) and three external factors (industry, location, and macroeconomic condition) influence the proportion extent to which growing firms’ expansion is achieved through organic and acquisition-based growth modes, respectively." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Does initial vocational training foster innovativeness at the company level? Evidence from German establishment data (2021)
Zitatform
Matthies, Eike, Katarzyna Haverkamp, Jörg Thomä & Kilian Bizer (2021): Does initial vocational training foster innovativeness at the company level? Evidence from German establishment data. (ifh working paper 2021,30), Göttingen, 21 S.
Abstract
"While an increasing number of conceptual studies postulate that vocational education and training (VET) activities have a positive impact on the innovative capacity of training companies, empirical evidence on the subject remains scarce. This study exploits establishment data from a representative survey of German companies to estimate the effects of firms' participation in initial VET on their innovation outcomes. The results based on linear probability models and instrumental variable regressions with entropy balancing show that the impact of VET activity on innovation is more ambiguous than postulated. Overall, the participation in initial VET has virtually no effect on product innovation and radical novelties. For the total population of all German companies, the positive impact of VET activities is only observable in case of process innovation. However, our results point to significant causal effects on the innovative capacities of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We conclude that companies' participation in the VET system facilitates organizational learning in training companies and knowledge transfer from VET institutions to those enterprises, which are otherwise more likely to be detached from modern technology networks. The paper concludes with implications for policy and research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Labor Demand in Frictional Markets (2021)
Zitatform
Popp, Martin (2021): Labor Demand in Frictional Markets. Erlangen, 281 S.
Abstract
"Die Eigenlohnelastizität der Arbeitsnachfrage beschreibt den Effekt höherer Löhne auf die Nachfrage nach Arbeit und beeinflusst u.a. die Auswirkungen von Angebotsschocks, Mindestlöhnen oder Tarifabschlüssen am Arbeitsmarkt. Theoretische und empirische Studien zeigen, dass eine Erhöhung des Lohnsatzes Betriebe dazu veranlasst, ihre Arbeitsnachfrage zu reduzieren. Die vorliegende Dissertation umfasst drei wissenschaftliche Aufsätze, die neue empirische Evidenz zur Eigenlohnelastizität der Arbeitsnachfrage enthalten. Die Analyse bezieht sich auf den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt und setzt sich schwerpunktmäßig mit der Wechselwirkung von Arbeitsnachfrage und Friktionen, d.h. Koordinations- oder Transaktionshemmnissen, die den Marktmechanismus beeinträchtigen, auseinander. Neben der Analyse der Arbeitsnachfrage tragen die geschätzten Modelle und Elastizitäten zum Verständnis des deutschen Arbeitsmarktes bei, nämlich im Hinblick auf Job-Polarisierung, Mindestlöhne und Arbeitskräftemangel." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
The dynamics of wage dispersion between firms: the role of firm entry and exit (2021)
Zitatform
Schröpf, Benedikt (2021): The dynamics of wage dispersion between firms: the role of firm entry and exit. (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Lehrstuhl für Arbeitsmarkt- und Regionalpolitik. Diskussionspapiere 120), Nürnberg, 49 S.
Abstract
"Obwohl Lohnungleichheit ein bedeutendes und umfassend untersuchtes Thema ist, bleibt der Zusammenhang zwischen Firmengründungen und -schließungen und der Lohnstreuung zwischen Firmen in der Literatur weitgehend unerwähnt. Anhand einer 50%igen administrativen Zufallsstichprobe westdeutscher Betriebe im Zeitraum 1976-2017 studiere ich die Dynamik der Lohnstreuung zwischen und innerhalb neu gegründeter, schließender und etablierter Betriebe, indem ich die Verteilung der betrieblichen Durchschnittslöhne untersuche. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Ungleichheit zwischen den neu gegründeten Betrieben im Laufe der Zeit zugenommen hat, was zum Anstieg der Lohnstreuung zwischen den Betrieben beigetragen hat. Eine stärkere Schließungsdynamik bei jungen Niedriglohnbetrieben hat diesen Effekt jedoch gedämpft. Diese Ergebnisse legen nahe, die Folgen für die Lohnungleichheit bei der Gestaltung und Bewertung von politischen Maßnahmen zu Firmengründungen und -schließungen zu berücksichtigen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- FDZ Publikationen / FDZ publications
- Arbeiten und Lernen im Wandel / Working and Learning in a Changing World (ALWA)
- BA-Beschäftigtenpanel / BA Employment Panel
- Datensatz SOEP-CMI-ADIAB
- Berufliche Weiterbildung und lebenslanges Lernen (WeLL)/Further Training and Lifelong Learning (WeLL
- Berufstätigenerhebung 1989 (BTE1989) / Employment survey for East Germany (DDR) 1989 (BTE1989)
- Beschäftigtenbefragung "Bonuszahlungen, Lohnzuwächse und Gerechtigkeit" - BLoG
- Betriebsbefragung IAB-IZA-ZEW-Arbeitswelt 4.0 (BIZA) und DiWaBe-Beschäftigtenbefragung
- Biografiedaten dt. Sozialversicherungsträger / Biographical data of social insurances (BASiD)
- Datensatz NEPS-SC1-ADIAB Neugeborene
- Datensatz NEPS-SC3-ADIAB Schüler Klasse 5
- Datensatz NEPS-SC4-ADIAB Schüler Klasse 9
- Datensatz NEPS-SC5-ADIAB Studierende
- Datensatz NEPS-SC6-ADIAB Erwachsene
- Datenspeicher Gesellschaftliches Arbeitsvermögen verknüpft mit administrativen Daten des IAB (GAV-ADIAB) 1975-2019
- GAW-IAB-Gründerbefragung
- German Management and Organizational Practices (GMOP) Survey
- IAB-BAMF-SOEP Befragung von Geflüchteten
- IAB-Beschäftigtenstichprobe / IAB Employment Sample
- IAB-Betriebs-Historik-Panel / IAB Establishment History Panel
- IAB-Betriebspanel / IAB Establishment Panel
- IAB-Datensatz BeCovid
- IAB-Datensatz HOPP
- IAB-Linked-Employer-Employee-Datensatz (LIAB) / Linked Employer-Employee Data from the IAB
- IAB-Querschnittsbefragung / Cross-sectional survey
- IAB-SOEP Migrationsstichprobe (IAB-SOEP MIG)
- IAB-Stellenerhebung / IAB Job Vacancy Survey
- IZA/IAB Administrativer Evaluationsdatensatz (AED und LED) / IZA Evaluation Dataset Survey
- Kundenbefragung zu Organisationsstrukturen nach SGB II / Client survey on German SGBII-Agencies
- LidA - Leben in der Arbeit
- Linked Inventor Biography Data
- Linked Personnel Panel (LPP)
- Mannheimer Unternehmenspanel (MUP) verknüpft mit Daten des IAB
- Panel Arbeitsmarkt und soziale Sicherung (PASS) / Panel Study Labour Market and Social Security
- Stichprobe Integrierter Employer-Employee Daten (SIEED)/Sample of Integrated Employer-Employee Data
- Stichprobe der Integr. Arbeitsmarktbiografien/Sample of integrated labour market biographies (SIAB)
- Stichprobe der Integrierten Grundsicherungsbiografien (SIG)
- Stichprobe des Administrative Wage and Labor Market Flow Panel (FDZ-AWFP)
- Studie Mentale Gesundheit bei der Arbeit (S-MGA)