Atypische Beschäftigung
Der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt wird zunehmend heterogener. Teilzeitbeschäftigung und Minijobs boomen. Ebenso haben befristete Beschäftigung und Leiharbeit an Bedeutung gewonnen und die Verbreitung von Flächentarifverträgen ist rückläufig. Diese atypischen Erwerbsformen geben Unternehmen mehr Flexibilität.
Was sind die Konsequenzen der zunehmenden Bedeutung atypischer Beschäftigungsformen für Erwerbstätige, Arbeitslose und Betriebe? Welche Bedeutung haben sie für die sozialen Sicherungssysteme, das Beschäftigungsniveau und die Durchlässigkeit des Arbeitsmarktes? Die IAB-Themendossier bietet Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
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Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht
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Literaturhinweis
Parental precarious employment and the mental health of adolescents: a Swedish registry study (2025)
Aronsson, Amanda E.; Mangot-Sala, Lluís ; Hernando-Rodriguez, Julio C.; Badarin, Kathryn ; Alfayumi-Zeadna, Samira; Gunn, Virginia; Thern, Emelie ; Muntaner, Carles ; Kreshpaj, Bertina; Julià, Mireia ; Kvart, Signild ; Bodin, Theo ; Matilla-Santander, Nuria;Zitatform
Aronsson, Amanda E., Emelie Thern, Nuria Matilla-Santander, Signild Kvart, Julio C. Hernando-Rodriguez, Kathryn Badarin, Mireia Julià, Samira Alfayumi-Zeadna, Virginia Gunn, Bertina Kreshpaj, Carles Muntaner, Theo Bodin & Lluís Mangot-Sala (2025): Parental precarious employment and the mental health of adolescents: a Swedish registry study. In: Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, Jg. 51, H. 2, S. 59-67. DOI:10.5271/sjweh.4210
Abstract
"This study investigates the association between parental precarious employment (PE) and the mental health of their adolescent children, with a particular focus on how the association differs based on whether the mother or father is in PE. This register-based study used the Swedish Work, Illness, and Labor-market Participation (SWIP) cohort. A sample of 117 437 children aged 16 years at baseline (2005) were followed up until 2009 (the year they turned 20). A multidimensional construct of PE (SWE-ROPE 2.0) was used to classify parental employment as either precarious, substandard or standard. The outcome, adolescents’ mental disorders, wasmeasured as a diagnosis of a mental disorder using ICD-10 codes or by prescribed psychotropic drugs using ATC codes. Crude and adjusted Cox regression models produced hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate the association between parental PE and adolescents’mental health. Adolescents with parents in PE exhibited a higher risk of developing mental disorders. The association was more pronounced for paternal PE (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10–1.35) compared to maternal PE (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.00–1.21). These associations largely persisted after adjusting for important confounders, including parental mental health. This study addresses a significant gap in the literature on parental PE and adolescents’ mental health. As PE is growing more common across countries, this study provides relevant insights into the intergenerational role that parental low-quality employment may have in terms of mental health within families." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Hiring Subsidies and Temporary Work Agencies (2025)
Zitatform
Bermúdez-Barrezueta, Natalia, Sam Desiere & Giulia Tarullo (2025): Hiring Subsidies and Temporary Work Agencies. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17616), Bonn, 40 S.
Abstract
"This paper evaluates a hiring subsidy for lower-educated youths in Flanders (Belgium) that reduced labor costs by approximately 13% for a period of two years, starting in 2016. Using a donut Regression Discontinuity Design, we find no evidence that the subsidy improved the job finding rate of eligible job seekers in 2016-19, a period marked by a tight labor market. We then investigate the role of temporary work agencies, which disproportionately employ the target group and obtain 25% to 34% of the subsidies. Using Difference-in-Differences regressions, we demonstrate that agencies did not raise wages of eligible agency workers in response to the policy. Remarkably, despite a 3.3% labor cost reduction, full-time equivalent employment of eligible workers in these agencies decreased by 9.2% over the three years following the reform. Our findings highlight how an active labor market policy affects agency employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour market reforms, institutional complementarity and the insider–outsider wage gap (2025)
Zitatform
Broschinski, Sven (2025): Labour market reforms, institutional complementarity and the insider–outsider wage gap. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 23, H. 1, S. 229-255. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwae024
Abstract
"This article provides long-term evidence on how wage differentials between permanent and temporary workers are shaped by institutions that play a key role in labour market dualism, i.e. industrial relations, employment protection legislation and unemployment benefits. A two-step multilevel approach with fixed effects is employed using EU-SILC data for 25 European countries spanning up to 17 years (waves 2004–2020, N = 397) to estimate the moderating effects of several institutions and their interactions on the wage gap by contract type and across the whole wage distribution. The results show that more insider-oriented institutions tend to widen wage differentials and that the impact of institutional reforms on the wage gap varies greatly with the given institutional context. Overall, policy trends towards flexibilization risk widening insider–outsider divides due to accumulating labour market risks for temporary workers, thus increasing labour market segmentation by contract type." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment Quality and Mental Health in Germany: the Mismatch of Low Employment Quality with Work and Family Values by Gender (2025)
Zitatform
De Moortel, Deborah, Rebeka Balogh, Miriam Engels & Julie Vanderleyden (2025): Employment Quality and Mental Health in Germany: the Mismatch of Low Employment Quality with Work and Family Values by Gender. In: Social Science & Medicine. DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117906
Abstract
"Empirical evidence on whether low-quality employment is detrimental to workers’ mental health is mostly cross-sectional and empirical evidence on pathways linking employment quality (EQ) to mental health remains scarce. Consequently, this study examines subsequent mental health associations of low-quality employment. Associations between EQ and mental health are investigated through a typology of employment arrangements. This study also investigates whether the relation between EQ types and subsequent mental health is different for workers with varying intensities of work and family values (i.e., importance of success at work and of having children, respectively) across genders. Using a large representative German panel dataset and Latent Class Cluster Analysis, EQ types are built and linked to mental health two years later. We assess two- and three-way interactions between EQ types and values, and between EQ types, gender and values, respectively. We found six EQ types: SER-like, precarious unsustainable, precarious full-time, SER-light, portfolio and protected part-time employment. Controlled for socio-demographic characteristics, precarious unsustainable employment for men and precarious full-time employment for women were associated to lower mental health after two years, compared to SER-like employment. Although protected part-time employment related to worse mental health for those with moderate to strong work and family values, compared to those with mild values, the interactions show an unclear pattern of the moderating role of values for the relation between EQ and subsequent mental health, for both men and women. This study should be replicated in other countries to confirm similar associations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Informal employment in the health sector: Examining gender disparities (2025)
Zitatform
Ehab, Maye & Fatma Mossad (2025): Informal employment in the health sector: Examining gender disparities. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 34, H. 2, 2024-09-20. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12704
Abstract
"This paper investigates the association between informal employment as a form of non-standard employment and the prevalence of in-work poverty for women in the health sector. We measured in-work poverty using a binary indicator that provides information on whether an individual has earnings above or below the low earnings threshold. The indicator takes into account household size and whether other household members are also in paid work. Using data from the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey for the years 2012 and 2018 and logit models, we found that being employed within the health sector increased the likelihood of in-work poverty among non-standard employees, both men and women. However, higher risks of in-work poverty were witnessed among women working informally in the health sector compared to other sectors. This increased risk was particularly observed when comparing non-standard employment in the health sector to non-standard employment in non-health sectors. Furthermore, marital status plays a critical role in economic wellbeing, with never-married women being more susceptible to in-work poverty compared to ever-married women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Wiley) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do temporary employees experience increased material deprivation? Evidence from German panel data (2025)
Zitatform
Friedrich, Martin & Nils Teichler (2025): Do temporary employees experience increased material deprivation? Evidence from German panel data. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 35, H. 2, S. 143-156., 2024-08-16. DOI:10.1177/09589287241300011
Abstract
"Economic insecurity has recently received increasing attention as a determinant of material deprivation. We contribute to this line of research by analysing the relationship between temporary employment and material deprivation. We argue that temporary workers face exacerbated deprivation because they may forego basic needs to provide for an uncertain future. Using German panel data for the years 2008–2020, we find that temporary employment increases material deprivation among workers, particularly in low-income households. This finding is robust to our controlling for important variables such as household income and needs, individual- and household fixed effects and when considering lagged independent variables. The association is not driven by young or highly educated workers who may be more likely to hold temporary jobs without experiencing sustained material deprivation. We also find that temporary agency work, perceived job insecurity and firm turnover rates aggravate material deprivation. This supports the theoretical assumption that the impact of temporary employment on material deprivation is driven by the economic insecurities faced by temporary workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © SAGE) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Friedrich, Martin; -
Literaturhinweis
Hidden behind closed doors: Non-standard employment, migrant women and gender regimes in Europe (2025)
Zitatform
Giordano, Chiara & Cinzia Meraviglia (2025): Hidden behind closed doors: Non-standard employment, migrant women and gender regimes in Europe. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. e12655. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12655
Abstract
"Non-standard employment (NSE) is well-documented in the domestic sector in all European countries. The precariousness and poor working conditions of this sector reflect in a labor force composed by the most vulnerable layers of the labor market, namely, migrant women. This article analyses how and to what extent a macro-level factor, that is, the gender regime (resulting from the interplay of gender equality and gendered social norms) interacts with micro-level individual and occupational characteristics to shape the prevalence of NSE in the domestic sector in Europe. We use the 2019 EU-LFS data and run a set of logistic regression analyses. Our results show that NSE is a defining feature of domestic sector, and that migrant women are at a higher risk of being in this type of employment, especially in destination countries where gender equality is relatively lower and expectations concerning care and family responsibilities are more traditional." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Space and Inequality in Precarious Work: Thinking With and Beyond Platforms (2025)
Zitatform
Griesbach, Kathleen (2025): Space and Inequality in Precarious Work: Thinking With and Beyond Platforms. In: Sociology Compass, Jg. 19, H. 3. DOI:10.1111/soc4.70026
Abstract
"Platform-based gig work illustrates a broader erosion of the spatial boundaries of work. While geographers have long theorized space as an integral part of capitalist work processes and social life, sociological research has often treated space as a backdrop for work processes rather than an active process shaping the social world, contemporary work, inequality, and resistance. However, important work in urban and rural sociology emphasizes the central role place plays in social life and inequality. This review synthesizes insights on space, place, and inequality and identifies key spatial continuities between platform labor and other forms of precarious work. I find common throughlines across disciplines: the intertwining of space, place, and social relations and the relevance of space and place for understanding inequality. Next, I relate spatial theories of capitalist development to contemporary precarious work. Finally, I suggest 3 promising avenues for incorporating space into research on contemporary work and inequality today: analyzing how existing inequalities intersect with the spatial features of new and enduring work structures; examining how contemporary work processes are reshaping rural and urban geographies; and identifying the spatial practices of contemporary organizing and resistance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Befristungen bei Neueinstellungen 2024 (2025)
Zitatform
Gürtzgen, Nicole, Alexander Kubis & Martin Popp (2025): Befristungen bei Neueinstellungen 2024. (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung. Aktuelle Daten und Indikatoren), Nürnberg, 9 S.
Abstract
"Im Rahmen der IAB-Stellenerhebung gaben die Betriebe an, im Jahr 2024 in Deutschland rund 4,4 Mio. sozialversicherungspflichtige Neueinstellungen (ohne Auszubildende und ohne MiniJobs) vorgenommen zu haben. Hiervon waren 25 Prozent, also rund 1,1 Mio. Stellen (zunächst) befristet (Tabelle 1). Die Befristung von Neueinstellungen ermöglicht den Betrieben, die Fähigkeiten von Bewerberinnen und Bewerbern zu überprüfen, bevor ein unbefristetes Arbeitsverhältnis eingegangen wird. Durch den Abschluss von befristeten Arbeitsverträgen können Betriebe ohne langfristige Mittelbindung häufig auch Jobs anbieten, die sonst vielleicht nicht finanzierbar gewesen wären. Darüber hinaus haben Befristungen für Betriebe zudem den Vorteil, dass sie (Entlassungs-)Kosten vermeiden können, die gegebenenfalls im Rahmen des allgemeinen oder tarifvertraglich erweiterten Kündigungsschutzes entstehen können (Bossler et al. 2017). Als weiteres wichtiges betriebliches Motiv für befristete Neueinstellungen ist zudem ein vorübergehender Mehrbedarf an Arbeitskräften etwa infolge temporärer Auftragsspitzen zu nennen (siehe hierzu z.B. Gürtzgen und Küfner 2023). Die Tatsache, dass Betriebe befristete Neueinstellungen vornehmen können, kann u.a. darin begründet sein, dass Betriebe über Marktmacht verfügen, die den Abschluss von befristeten Verträgen erleichtert (Bassanini et al. 2024). Zu beachten ist, dass die Befristungsquoten bei Neueinstellungen deutlich oberhalb des Anteils befristeter Beschäftigung an der Gesamtbeschäftigung liegen. Rund 2,6 Millionen Beschäftigte in Deutschland hatten laut IAB-Betriebspanel im Jahr 2022 einen befristeten Arbeitsvertrag. Das entspricht einem Anteil an allen Beschäftigten (ohne Auszubildende) von 6,6 Prozent (Hohendanner / IAB 2023). Die Diskrepanz zwischen dem Anteil befristeter Neueinstellungen und dem Befristungsanteil aller Beschäftigter zeigt, dass befristete Beschäftigungsverhältnisse in nennenswertem Ausmaß in unbefristete Arbeitsverträge umgewandelt werden (Müller et al. 2017). Bedingt durch die COVID-19-Pandemie sank 2020 der Anteil an Umwandlungen in unbefristete Beschäftigungsverhältnisse (Hohendanner 2021). Auch der Anteil befristeter Neueinstellungen stieg im Jahr 2020 gegenüber dem Vorjahr kurzfristig auf 33 Prozent. Aktuell setzt sich der seit 2004 beobachtete rückläufige Trend auch im Jahr 2024 fort. Die Befristungsquote erreicht mit 25 Prozent einen neuen Tiefststand. Der im Rahmen der Erhebung 2004 gemessene Höchststand war mit 54 Prozent mehr als doppelt so hoch." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Schwieriger Weg raus aus der Stütze: Nicht alle Betriebe bieten gute Chancen auf eine stabile Beschäftigung (2025)
Zitatform
Hohendanner, Christian & Sarah Bernhard (2025): Schwieriger Weg raus aus der Stütze: Nicht alle Betriebe bieten gute Chancen auf eine stabile Beschäftigung. In: IAB-Forum H. 09.07.2025, 2025-07-07. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20250709.01
Abstract
"Wie stabil Beschäftigungsverhältnisse von Personen sind, die zuvor Grundsicherungsleistungen bezogen haben, hängt von vielen Faktoren ab. Dabei spielen neben individuellen Merkmalen wie Qualifikation und Berufserfahrung auch betriebliche und branchenspezifische Faktoren eine wichtige Rolle. Auch wenn Leistungsbeziehende eine Beschäftigung finden, ist diese häufig nicht stabil. Entscheidend für längerfristigen Erfolg sind Merkmale wie die wirtschaftliche Perspektive des Betriebs, Größe, Tarifbindung oder Weiterbildungsangebote." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitslos und dann? Die neuen Jobs sind meistens atypische Beschäftigungen (Serie "Bürgergeld") (2025)
Zitatform
Hohmeyer, Katrin & Torsten Lietzmann (2025): Arbeitslos und dann? Die neuen Jobs sind meistens atypische Beschäftigungen (Serie "Bürgergeld"). In: IAB-Forum H. 07.05.2025, 2025-05-06. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20250507.01
Abstract
"Was passiert, nachdem Menschen arbeitslos geworden sind? Tatsächlich sind die weiteren Erwerbsverläufe höchst unterschiedlich. Der dauerhafte Sprung in eine unbefristete Vollzeitbeschäftigung gelingt den meisten Betroffenen zunächst nicht. Vielmehr findet sich die Mehrzahl in den ersten vier Jahren nach Eintritt der Arbeitslosigkeit in atypischen Beschäftigungsverhältnissen wie befristeter Beschäftigung, Teilzeit, Leiharbeit oder Minijobs wieder, nicht selten unterbrochen von Phasen erneuter Arbeitslosigkeit." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Befristete Beschäftigung in der Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB) (2025)
Jaenichen, Ursula;Zitatform
Jaenichen, Ursula (2025): Befristete Beschäftigung in der Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB). (IAB-Forschungsbericht 11/2025), Nürnberg, 48 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FB.2511
Abstract
"Seit dem Jahr 2011 erfolgen Beschäftigungsmeldungen zur Sozialversicherung mit einem neuen Tätigkeitsschlüssel, der das binäre Merkmal „befristete Beschäftigung“ enthält. Damit können in den administrativen Daten des IAB befristete und unbefristete Beschäftigungsverhältnisse unterschieden werden. Im vorliegenden Bericht wird mit der Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB) – ergänzt durch die Daten des Betriebshistorikpanels – für die Jahre 2012 bis 2021 eine überwiegend deskriptive Analyse befristeter Beschäftigung vorgenommen. In der Literatur zu befristeter Beschäftigung steht oft die Frage im Mittelpunkt, inwieweit befristeten Arbeitsverträgen eine Brückenfunktion zukommt, durch die befristet Beschäftigte nach einer gewissen Zeit eine unbefristete Beschäftigung finden. Dabei ist von Bedeutung, ob sich befristete und unbefristete Beschäftigte in ihren sozio-ökonomischen Merkmalen und ihrer bisherigen Erwerbsbiografie voneinander unterscheiden. Auch die Qualität der Beschäftigung, die sich an eine Befristung anschließt, wird untersucht. Auf betrieblicher Seite werden unterschiedliche Strategien des Einsatzes befristeter Beschäftigung identifiziert. Dies sind die Flexibilisierung des Arbeitskräfteeinsatzes, aber auch eine verbesserte Bewerber*innenauswahl (Screening) während der befristeten Beschäftigung. Ein erster empirischer Schwerpunkt des vorliegenden Berichts ist die Beschreibung der Erzeugung und die Untersuchung der Qualität der Datenbasis. Dabei werden die einzelnen Meldungen zunächst zu betrieblichen Beschäftigungsepisoden verarbeitet. Die anhand der so aufbereiteten Daten ablesbare Entwicklung der Zugänge in befristete Beschäftigung deckt sich im Großen und Ganzen mit den Angaben aus anderen Datenquellen. Für die Untersuchung von Übergängen und Beschäftigungsdauern werden dann noch Beschäftigungsepisoden zu Beschäftigungsketten zusammengefasst und die Zeiten dazwischen als Nichtbeschäftigungsepisoden definiert. Ein zweiter empirischer Schwerpunkt besteht in der Untersuchung des Verlaufs und der Bestimmungsfaktoren von Übergängen aus Nichtbeschäftigung in befristete und unbefristete Beschäftigung. Die graphische Analyse von Nichtbeschäftigungsdauern deutet auf einen gewissen Anpassungsprozess hin, bei dem Personen mit zunehmender Häufigkeit von Nichtbeschäftigungsepisoden in der Erwerbsbiografie eher bereit sind, eine befristete Beschäftigung aufzunehmen. Die Dynamik im Übergang in befristete und unbefristete Beschäftigung zeigt sich bei Schätzung von Verweildauermodellen darin, dass nach etwa drei Monaten Nichtbeschäftigung die Chancen für die Aufnahme einer Beschäftigung geringer werden. Vor allem für Frauen ist nach einem Jahr wieder eine Zunahme der Übergangsraten in Beschäftigung zu beobachten, eventuell machen sich hier die Effekte von Elternzeiten bemerkbar. Hinsichtlich des Zusammenhangs des Übergangs in befristete und unbefristete Beschäftigung mit der vorangehenden Erwerbsbiografie ergibt sich ein „sowohl als auch“: Deutliche Statusabhängigkeit zeigt sich darin, dass frühere befristete Beschäftigung mit einer erhöhten Abgangsrate in erneute befristete Beschäftigung und oft auch mit einer geringeren Übergangsrate in unbefristete Beschäftigung einhergeht. Dies birgt die Gefahr der Verfestigung der mit Befristungen verbundenen Nachteile. Die Brückenfunktion befristeter Beschäftigung äußert sich darin, dass befristete Berufserfahrung auch beim Übergang in unbefristete Beschäftigung positiv gewertet wird. Dafür, dass eine unstete Erwerbsbiografie sich nicht zwangsläufig verfestigt, spricht auch, dass mehrfache Betriebswechsel mit höheren Übergangsraten in befristete und unbefristete Beschäftigung einhergehen. Auf Seite der Betriebe ist es zunächst die Zugehörigkeit zu unterschiedlichen Wirtschaftsbereichen, die mit ungleichen Übergangsrisiken in befristete Beschäftigung einhergeht. Die Wirtschaftszweige dürften dabei unterschiedliche Personalbedarfe der Betriebe repräsentieren, etwa als Ergebnis einer schwankenden Produktnachfrage. Die Übergangsraten in befristete Beschäftigung sind für Betriebe mit unter 10 Beschäftigten deutlich niedriger. Dieser Befund wird hier dahingehend interpretiert, dass diese Betriebe vom Kündigungsschutz ausgenommen sind und befristete Beschäftigung daher wenig genutzt wird. Ein sehr deutlicher und positiver Zusammenhang ist zwischen der Übergangsrate in befristete Beschäftigung und dem Anteil befristet Beschäftigter im einstellenden Betrieb zu verzeichnen. Das zeigt, dass befristete Beschäftigung in einigen Betrieben routinemäßig genutzt wird. Für die Beschäftigten birgt dies das Risiko dauerhafter Instabilität. Ein dritter empirischer Schwerpunkt besteht in der Untersuchung der Dauer von befristet beginnender Beschäftigung. Zunächst wird für betriebliche Beschäftigungsepisoden gezeigt, dass befristet beginnende Episoden deutlich kürzer sind als unbefristete. Bei der Betrachtung von Beschäftigungsketten zeigt sich, dass nur aus befristeten Episoden bestehende Ketten weit kürzer sind als durchgängig unbefristete Beschäftigungsketten. Für befristet beginnende und in unbefristete Beschäftigung übergehende Beschäftigungsketten sind die Beschäftigungsdauern sogar länger als für durchgängig unbefristete Ketten. Werden befristet und unbefristet beginnende Beschäftigungsketten verglichen, zeigen sich für einige Merkmale deutliche Unterschiede. Auffällig ist hier erneut der bei befristeten Einstellungen hohe Anteil befristet Beschäftigter im einstellenden Betrieb. Im Ergebnis tragen unterschiedliche (beobachtete) Merkmale von befristet und unbefristet Beschäftigten und der sie einstellenden Betriebe zu den Unterschieden in den Beschäftigungsdauern bei." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Jaenichen, Ursula; -
Literaturhinweis
Labour and social protection gaps impacting the health and well-being of workers in non-standard employment: An international comparative study (2025)
Kvart, Signild ; Cuervo, Isabel; Muntaner, Carles ; Julià, Mireia ; Gunn, Virginia; Ivarsson, Lars; Davis, Letitia; Lewchuk, Wayne ; Bosmans, Kim ; Bodin, Theo ; Baron, Sherry L.; Gutiérrez-Zamora, Mariana; Vílchez, David; Diaz, Ignacio; Vänerhagen, Kristian; Bolíbar, Mireia ; O'Campo, Patricia; Álvarez-López, Valentina; Escrig-Piñol, Astrid; Ahonen, Emily Q.; Vignola, Emilia F.; Zaupa, Alessandro; Vos, Mattias ; Östergren, Per-Olof ; Vives, Alejandra ; Ruiz, Marisol E.; Padrosa, Eva ;Zitatform
Kvart, Signild, Isabel Cuervo, Virginia Gunn, Wayne Lewchuk, Kim Bosmans, Letitia Davis, Astrid Escrig-Piñol, Per-Olof Östergren, Eva Padrosa, Alejandra Vives, Alessandro Zaupa, Emily Q. Ahonen, Valentina Álvarez-López, Mireia Bolíbar, Ignacio Diaz, Mariana Gutiérrez-Zamora, Lars Ivarsson, Mireia Julià, Carles Muntaner, Patricia O'Campo, Marisol E. Ruiz, Kristian Vänerhagen, Emilia F. Vignola, David Vílchez, Mattias Vos, Theo Bodin & Sherry L. Baron (2025): Labour and social protection gaps impacting the health and well-being of workers in non-standard employment: An international comparative study. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 20. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0320248
Abstract
"Background: World economies increasingly rely on non-standard employment arrangements, which has been linked to ill health. While work and employment conditions are recognized structural determinants of health and health equity, policies aiming to protect workers from negative implications predominantly focus on standard employment arrangements and the needs of workers in non-standard employment may be neglected. The aim of this study is to explore workers’ experiences of gaps in labour regulations and social protections and its influence on their health and well-being across 6 countries with differing policy approaches: Belgium, Canada, Chile, Spain, Sweden, and the United States. Methods: 250 semi-structured interviews with workers in non-standard employment were analyzed thematically using a multiple case-study approach. Results: There are notable differences in workers’ rights to protection across the countries. However, participants across all countries experienced similar challenges including employment instability, income inadequacy and limited rights and protection, due to policy-related gaps and access-barriers. In response, they resorted to individual resources and strategies, struggled to envision supportive policies, and expressed low expectations of changes by employers and policymakers. Conclusions: Policy gaps threaten workers’ health and well-being across all study countries, irrespective of the levels of labour market regulations and social protections. Workers in non-standard employment disproportionately endure economic risks, which may increase social and health inequality. The study highlights the need to improve social protection for this vulnerable population." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unemployed and then? The role of non-standard employment in labour market trajectories after unemployment (2025)
Zitatform
Lietzmann, Torsten & Katrin Hohmeyer (2025): Unemployed and then? The role of non-standard employment in labour market trajectories after unemployment. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 34, H. 2, 2024-08-30. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12698
Abstract
"Non-standard employment (NSE) might offer employment opportunities for unemployed workers, who would not find a job otherwise and can improve their human capital while working in NSE instead of being unemployed. NSE thus could serve as a bridge to regular, permanent employment. However, these stepping stone effects might not occur in a segmented labor market, when the accumulated human capital is not useful for regular jobs or NSE is not a positive signal to potential employers. Using German administrative data and sequence and cluster analysis, this article examined the labor market trajectories of initially unemployed individuals between 2012 and 2015 over a 4-year period with a focus on four common forms of NSE. The results indicate that NSE is not limited to marginal groups but 62% of the initially unemployed belong to a cluster with a substantial share of NSE. Furthermore, while most individuals stay in NSE, some regular full-time employment occurs after NSE." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Wiley) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effect of precarious employment on suicidal ideation: A serial mediation model with contractual temporality and job insecurity (2025)
Llosa, José Antonio ; Agulló-Tomás, Esteban ; Iglesias-Martínez, Enrique ; Oliveros, Beatriz ; Menéndez-Espina, Sara;Zitatform
Llosa, José Antonio, Enrique Iglesias-Martínez, Esteban Agulló-Tomás, Sara Menéndez-Espina & Beatriz Oliveros (2025): The effect of precarious employment on suicidal ideation: A serial mediation model with contractual temporality and job insecurity. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 46, H. 1, S. 239-255. DOI:10.1177/0143831X241240616
Abstract
"Suicidal ideation is a variable prior to suicidal behavior and one of the main producers of risk of death by suicide. The sample consisted of a total of 1,288 people living in Spain who at the time of answering the questionnaire were in active employment. Contractual status is a significant variable for the prediction of suicidal ideation. Contractual temporality is a risk factor for suicidal ideation, whereas permanent employment is a protective factor. In suicidal ideation, job insecurity is a mediating risk factor and a key dimension of job precariousness because of the adverse effects on mental health it causes. Job insecurity interacts with objective causes of precariousness and is presented as a necessary variable for understanding the relationship between these material causes and suicidal thoughts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Intertwined precariousness and precarity: Disentangling a phenomenon that characterises Spanish youth (2025)
Zitatform
Maestripieri, Lara, Alba Lanau, Roger Soler‐i‐Martí & Míriam Acebillo‐Baqué (2025): Intertwined precariousness and precarity: Disentangling a phenomenon that characterises Spanish youth. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. e12709. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12709
Abstract
"The growth of non-standard employment has emerged as a crucial factor that contributes to delays and difficulties in young people's transitions to adulthood. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of multidimensional measures of precariousness. This paper aims to investigate the phenomenon of precariousness holistically, using an original database of respondents in Spain from 20 to 34 years of age. Using a mixed-methods approach, we explore young people's understandings of precariousness and examine its key determinants and consequences. The findings illustrate the multidimensional nature of feelings of precariousness, with economic insecurity and work conditions being core elements. Our results point to precarity stemming from a combination of inextricably intertwined objective and subjective components, as well as work and economic dimensions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Role of Care Paradoxes in Maintaining Precariousness: A Case Study of Australia's Aged Care Work (2025)
Zitatform
McEwen, Celina (2025): The Role of Care Paradoxes in Maintaining Precariousness: A Case Study of Australia's Aged Care Work. In: Gender, work & organization, S. 1-13. DOI:10.1111/gwao.13240
Abstract
"The paper examines why despite many inquiries and government reforms, the working conditions of aged care workers have remained precarious. The study draws on an analysis of Australian workforce survey data, government documents, and hearing transcripts from a recent Royal Commission into the sector's workforce and care practices. The results paint a complex and nuanced picture of how the government and providers rely on older or culturally and linguistically diverse women to carry out high standards of quality care with minimal worker benefits and protection while devaluing their work as unprofessional. The analysis also highlights the coexistence of four types of precariousness in aged care work: precariousness as a social category, a shared experience, a set of work practices, and management. Further, I find that a series of paradoxes rooted in cultural perceptions of care and older and/or diverse women maintain precariousness at work by constructing workers as the problem, entrenching disadvantage borne from intersectionality and shifting the burden of responsibility and part of the cost of caring for older people onto workers. I suggest that little improvement is possible until the systemic and sociocultural issues around care and the workers engaged in the transaction of care are tackled together as a whole." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Low-pay work and the risk of poverty: a dynamic analysis for European countries (2025)
Zitatform
Mussida, Chiara & Dario Sciulli (2025): Low-pay work and the risk of poverty: a dynamic analysis for European countries. In: Journal of Economic Inequality, S. 1-24. DOI:10.1007/s10888-025-09666-9
Abstract
"This paper explores how householders’ and partners' low-pay conditions affect the risk of poverty ofEuropean households. We use 2016–2019 longitudinal European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data, model poverty and labour market outcomes, and account for possible endogeneity of low-pay work in the poverty equation. Low-pay work is defined on gross hourly wage basis. We find that low-pay work increases the risk of poverty compared to high-pay conditions. Notably, when compared to non-employment, the effect of low-pay work on poverty differs between householders and partners. The effect tends to be stronger for the former and smaller for the latter, which stresses the leading role of householders in income formation and the added-worker role of partners in households. The risk of poverty for low-pay workers is even reinforced by their higher probability of being employed in job positions with fewer annual working hours, such as part-time and temporary contracts. The magnitude of low-pay effects on poverty appears to be associated with institutions capable of sustaining the wage floor, earnings and income inequalities, and the generosity of social transfers. We find evidence of feedback effects from poverty on future labour market outcomes, suggesting a self-reinforcing mechanism between poverty and poor labour conditions, which along with limited upward mobility in the labour markets, may lead societies toward persistent income segmentation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Stand der Gleichstellung von Frauen und Männern in Deutschland in ausgewählten Branchen (2025)
Zitatform
Pfahl, Svenja, Eugen Unrau & Yvonne Lott (2025): Stand der Gleichstellung von Frauen und Männern in Deutschland in ausgewählten Branchen. (WSI-Report 102), Düsseldorf, 74 S.
Abstract
"Wie einheitlich oder unterschiedlich vollzieht sich die Gleichstellung von Frauen und Männern in den verschiedenen Branchen auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt in Hinblick auf Erwerbsarbeitszeit, Entgelt oder Erwerbsform? Anhand zentraler Indikatoren auf Basis des WSI GenderDatenPortals liefert der vorliegende Report eine zusammenfassende Übersicht über den aktuellen Stand der Geschlechtergleichstellung in Deutschland, differenziert nach Einzelbranchen aus dem Produktions- und Dienstleistungsbereich. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Geschlechterungleichheit insbesondere in Hinblick auf die Erwerbsarbeitszeitdauer und das Entgelt über (fast) alle Branchen hinweg fortbesteht. Die detaillierte branchenbezogene Betrachtung zeigt zudem, dass bei einer Vielzahl von einzelnen Arbeitsmerkmalen Unterschiede zwischen Frauen und Männern bestehen (z. B. bei Befristung, Teilzeitarbeit, überlanger Vollzeit, Tätigkeit als Helfer*in, Entgelten im unteren Entgeltbereich, Existenzsicherung durch eigenes Erwerbseinkommen, ausschließlicher Tätigkeit im Minijob), die in einigen Branchen deutlich stärker ausgeprägt sind als in anderen. Hierbei fallen besonders sieben Produktionsbranchen und neun Dienstleistungsbranchen auf, die sich durch deutliche Geschlechterabstände (dem Abstand in Prozentpunkten zwischen Frauen und Männern in Hinblick auf ein einzelnes Arbeitsmerkmal) kennzeichnen und in einer Mehrheit von Arbeitsmerkmalen eine verstärkt ungünstige Situation für Frauen aufweisen. Gegenüber dem Vergleichsjahr 2021 weisen 2023 insgesamt mehr Branchen einen deutlichen, zweistelligen Geschlechterabstand für mindestens die Hälfte aller Arbeitsmerkmale auf. Gleichzeitig zeigen sich für eine Reihe von Branchen auch punktuelle Verringerungen des Geschlechterabstandes, gerade bei den Indikatoren zur Lage der Arbeitszeit sowie der Existenzsicherung durch eigene Erwerbsarbeit." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Non-standard employment, low standard of living? The role of labor market and social policy measures in preventing material deprivation in different employment trajectories in Europe (2025)
Zitatform
Wolf, Fridolin (2025): Non-standard employment, low standard of living? The role of labor market and social policy measures in preventing material deprivation in different employment trajectories in Europe. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. e12689. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12689
Abstract
"While the poverty risks of non-standard employment have been explored extensively, this study focuses on the role of activation-oriented social policy in alleviating material deprivation for persons with non-standard employment histories. Using EU-SILC data, individuals over a four-year period were analyzed. I focused on substantial earners and distinguished between six non-standard employment histories expected to benefit from activation measures. Multi-level models revealed that compared to standard employment histories, all non-standard employment histories had higher material deprivation risks but to substantially different extents. At the macro level, participation in activation measures, expenditures in formal childcare and minimum income protection reduced material deprivation. Participation in training can be interpreted as an equaliser, as the deprivation gap between standard and most non-standard employment history types diminished. As expenditure- and participation-based measures differed significantly, evaluating the success of activation strategies in reducing inequalities and alleviating poverty highly depends on the measurement of activation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
What if it is not just an additional income? Poverty risks of non-standard employment histories in Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Wolf, Fridolin (2025): What if it is not just an additional income? Poverty risks of non-standard employment histories in Germany. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. e12676. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12676
Abstract
"While the poverty risks associated with transitions to and from different forms of non-standard employment (NSE) have been studied extensively, poverty research on NSE histories remains fuzzy. Therefore, this study focuses on persons with NSE histories whose earnings contribute significantly to the household income, asking to what extent they are exposed to income poverty risks during their main career phase and examining the role of employment, family and sociodemographic characteristics. Employment histories were observed over 10 years using German Socio-Economic Panel data from 2001 to 2020. A sequence cluster analysis identified four NSE clusters with increased poverty risks, namely, those with increasing and permanent low-part-time work, those who were mainly temporary agency-employed or had long episodes of fixed-term employment. Multivariate regressions considering employment-specific, care-related and sociodemographic characteristics revealed a network of cumulative disadvantages related to gender, occupational position, care obligations and structural disadvantages for those clusters." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Driving the Gig Economy (2024)
Zitatform
Abraham, Katharine G., John C. Haltiwanger, Claire Y. Hou, Kristin Sandusky & James Spletzer (2024): Driving the Gig Economy. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 32766), Cambridge, Mass, 48 S.
Abstract
"Using rich administrative tax data, we explore the effects of the introduction of online ridesharing platforms on entry, employment and earnings in the Taxi and Limousine Services industry. Ridesharing dramatically increased the pace of entry of workers into the industry. New entrants were more likely to be young, female, White and U.S. born, and to combine earnings from ridesharing with wage and salary earnings. Displaced workers have found ridesharing to be a substantially more attractive fallback option than driving a taxi. Ridesharing also affected the incumbent taxi driver workforce. The exit rates of low-earning taxi drivers increased following the introduction of ridesharing in their city; exit rates of high-earning taxi drivers were little affected. In cities without regulations limiting the size of the taxi fleet, both groups of drivers experienced earnings losses following the introduction of ridesharing. These losses were ameliorated or absent in more heavily regulated markets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Independent Contractor Workforce: New Evidence on Its Size and Composition and Ways to Improve Its Measurement in Household Surveys (2024)
Zitatform
Abraham, Katharine G., Brad Hershbein, Susan N. Houseman & Beth C. Truesdale (2024): The Independent Contractor Workforce: New Evidence on Its Size and Composition and Ways to Improve Its Measurement in Household Surveys. In: ILR review, Jg. 77, H. 3, S. 336-365. DOI:10.1177/00197939241226945
Abstract
"Good data on the size and composition of the independent contractor workforce are elusive. The authors carried out a series of focus groups to learn how independent contractors speak about their work. Based on those findings, they designed and fielded a telephone survey to elicit more accurate and complete information on independent contractors. Roughly 1 in 10 workers who initially reported working for an employer on one or more jobs (and thus were coded as employees) were independent contractors on at least one of those jobs. Incorporating these miscoded workers into estimates of main job work arrangements nearly doubles the share who are independent contractors to approximately 15% of all workers. Taking these workers into account substantively changes the demographic profile of the independent contractor workforce. Probing in household surveys to clarify a worker’s employment arrangement and identify all low-hours work is critical for accurately measuring independent contractor work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mobile workers, contingent labour: Migration, the gig economy and the multiplication of labour (2024)
Zitatform
Altenried, Moritz (2024): Mobile workers, contingent labour: Migration, the gig economy and the multiplication of labour. In: Environment and planning. A, Economy and space, Jg. 56, H. 4, S. 1113-1128. DOI:10.1177/0308518X211054846
Abstract
"The article takes the surprising exit of the food delivery platform Deliveroo from Berlin as a starting point to analyse the relationship between migration and the gig economy. In Berlin and many cities across the globe, migrant workers are indispensable to the operations of digital platforms such as Uber, Helpling, or Deliveroo. The article uses in-depth ethnographic and qualitative research to show how the latter's exit from Berlin provides an almost exemplary picture of why urban gig economy platforms are strongholds of migrant labour, while at the same time, demonstrating the very contingency of this form of work. The article analyses the specific reasons why digital platforms are particularly open to migrants and argues that the very combination of new forms of algorithmic management and hyper-flexible forms of employment that is characteristic of gig economy platforms is also the reason why these platforms are geared perfectly toward the exploitation of migrant labour. This allows the analysis of digital platforms in the context of stratified labour markets and situates them within a long history of contingent labour that is closely intertwined with the mobility of labour." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2021 a Pion publication) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Constructing Mobilities: The Reproduction of Posted Workers' Disposability in the Construction Sector (2024)
Zitatform
Bagnardi, Francesco, Devi Sacchetto & Francesca Alice Vianello (2024): Constructing Mobilities: The Reproduction of Posted Workers' Disposability in the Construction Sector. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 38, H. 6, S. 1703-1724. DOI:10.1177/09500170231225622
Abstract
"Posted work is often framed as a business model based on social dumping. Widespread regulatory evasion is imputed to regulation’s opacity, firms’ predatory practices and trade unions’ inability to organise posted workers. Isolation and precariousness channel posted workers’ agency into individualized reworking or exit strategies. These perspectives, however insightful, focus either on formal regulations, enforcement actors or host countries ’ institutional settings. Drawing on biographical interviews with Italian construction workers posted abroad, and semi-structured interviews with non-posted workers and stakeholders of the sector in Italy, the article adopts an actor-centred perspective and mobilises the concept of labour regime to show how its disciplining elements operating in the construction sector in Italy stick with workers during their postings and enhance their disposability. Although this sticky labor regime constrains workers’ agency abroad, it remains continuously contested and offers ways for workers to subvert it and improve their employment conditions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Multidimensional employment trajectories and dynamic links with mental health: Evidence from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2024)
Zitatform
Balogh, Rebeka, Sylvie Gadeyne, Christophe Vanroelen & Chris Warhurst (2024): Multidimensional employment trajectories and dynamic links with mental health: Evidence from the UK Household Longitudinal Study. In: Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, Jg. 51, H. 1, S. 26-37. DOI:10.5271/sjweh.4193
Abstract
"Objectives Low-quality and precarious employment have been associated with adverse mental health and wellbeing. More evidence is needed on how the quality of employment trajectories – including transitions in and out of unemployment, inactivity, and employment of varying quality – are associated with individuals’ mental health over time. This paper aimed to derive a typology of multidimensional employment trajectories and assess associations with mental health in the UK. Methods Data from waves 1–9 of the UK Household Longitudinal Study were used (2009–2019). Individuals aged 30–40 at baseline were included (N=1603). Using multichannel sequence and clustering analyses, we derived a typology of employment trajectories across employment statuses and four employment quality indicators. We assessed associations with subsequent psychological distress, accounting for baseline mental health. Changes in average General Health Questionnaire scores are described. Results A typology of five trajectory clusters highlighted stable and secure and precarious/low-quality trajectories for both men and women. Women who reported being economically inactive at most waves had higher odds of experiencing psychological distress than did women in ‘standard’ trajectories, regardless of baseline mental health. Women’s scores of psychological distress in the ‘precarious’ group on average increased along their trajectories characterized by instability and transitions in/out of unemployment, before a move into employment. Men who likely moved in and out of unemployment and economic inactivity, with low probability of paid employment, reported increased psychological distress at the end of follow-up. This may partly be due to pre-existing mental ill-health. Conclusion This paper shows the importance of high-quality employment for individuals’ mental health over time. Researchers need to consider dynamic associations between employment quality and mental health across the life-course." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Befristungsbezogene Anerkennungsdefizite junger, verpartnerter Männer und Frauen in Deutschland. In welchem Ausmaß treten sie auf und wie können sie verringert werden? (2024)
Zitatform
Baron, Daniel (2024): Befristungsbezogene Anerkennungsdefizite junger, verpartnerter Männer und Frauen in Deutschland. In welchem Ausmaß treten sie auf und wie können sie verringert werden? In: Sozialer Fortschritt, Jg. 73, H. 2, S. 109-130. DOI:10.3790/sfo.73.2.109
Abstract
"Das Durchlaufen befristeter Beschäftigung zu Beginn der Erwerbslaufbahn geht zumeist sowohl mit vergleichsweise geringen Einkommen als auch hohen subjektiven Unsicherheiten einher. Für die Erklärung damit einhergehender subjektiver Anerkennungsdefizite spielen ungleiche Prekarisierungsrisiken für Frauen und Männer eine wichtige Rolle. Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage, inwieweit Befristung bei jungen, verpartnerten Männern und Frauen zu erhöhten Anerkennungsdefiziten führt und ob eine als stabil empfundene (heterosexuelle) Paarbeziehung die empfundenen Anerkennungsdefizite verringert. Die Analysen werden auf Basis einer bundesweiten Stichprobe aus 179 Personen im Alter von 18 bis 35 Jahren durchgeführt, die 2012/13 erhoben wurde als die Entwicklung befristeter Beschäftigung in Deutschland einen Höchststand erreicht hatte Es zeigt sich ein signifikanter, U-förmiger Zusammenhang zwischen Befristungsanteilen an der Erwerbsbiographie und wahrgenommenen Anerkennungsdefiziten für junge, verpartnerte Männer. Bei Frauen ist dieser Zusammenhang statistisch nicht signifikant. Entgegen desintegrations- und anerkennungstheoretischer Annahmen übt eine als stabil wahrgenommene Partnerschaft im Befristungskontext keine hemmende Wirkung auf Anerkennungsdefizite aus. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird für öffentliche Diskursanstöße zu einer paarbezogenen Anerkennungsarbeit in Anbetracht einer sich flexibilisierenden Arbeitswelt plädiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Unemployment insurance for platform workers: Challenges and approaches from a comparative perspective (2024)
Zitatform
Barrio, Alberto (2024): Unemployment insurance for platform workers: Challenges and approaches from a comparative perspective. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 26, H. 2, S. 251-265. DOI:10.1177/13882627241267989
Abstract
"This contribution presents an overview of the challenges involved in ensuring that persons performing platform work (as either employees, self-employed, or in a third category) are able to effectively access unemployment insurance protection. It also addresses the specific approaches taken by European countries to tackle these challenges, relying especially on the contributions to this special issue on unemployment protection for the self-employed and platform workers. After presenting a brief definition of platform work, the contribution provides an overview of the main challenges linked to unemployment protection insurance posed by the features of platform work; we use primarily the Council Recommendation on access to social protection for workers and the self-employed as an evaluative framework. These challenges relate to both formal exclusion (due to classification as self-employed or marginal work) and effective exclusion (due to difficulties meeting minimum work requirements and lack of transparency on algorithmic management and platform work). The contribution then analyses some of the main approaches taken by European countries to address such challenges. Actions targeting platform work comprise (a) employment status reclassification; (b) establishment of a presumption of an employment relationship; (c) the setting of requirements to inform on the use of algorithmic management; (d) facilitation of transparency on platform work information; and (e) exemption from formal social security coverage of some forms of (marginal) platform work. General approaches with consequences for the unemployment insurance protection of platform workers include the application of the same criteria for access to unemployment benefits across employment statuses, as well as greater leniency on these criteria for certain forms of non-standard work. The contribution ends with a conclusion, which highlights the main gaps in unemployment insurance protection for platform work, and discusses avenues for action regarding platform work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Für eine gute Saison: Saisonarbeit in der deutschen Landwirtschaft zwischen Prekarisierung, Regulierung und Politisierung (2024)
Barthel, Georg; Lluis, Conrad;Zitatform
Barthel, Georg & Conrad Lluis (2024): Für eine gute Saison: Saisonarbeit in der deutschen Landwirtschaft zwischen Prekarisierung, Regulierung und Politisierung. (IAQ-Report 2024-09), Duisburg ; Essen, 20 S. DOI:10.17185/duepublico/82447
Abstract
"Die Saisonarbeit in der deutschen Landwirtschaft wird fast ausschließlich von osteuropäischen Wanderarbeiter*innen zu meist prekären Arbeitsbedingungen erbracht. Die Arbeitsverhältnisse in der Landwirtschaft wurden in den letzten Jahren verstärkt seitens des Gesetzgebers reguliert. Allerdings ist unklar, ob diese Regulierungen auch nachhaltige Verbesserungen bewirken. Gleichzeitig politisieren die Saisonarbeitskräfte selbst ihre Arbeitsbedingungen, was sich in vielfältigen Widerstandsformen ausdrückt. Aufgrund fehlender Machtressourcen sind sie jedoch nicht in der Lage, die Arbeitsbedingungen entscheidend zu verbessern. Für eine nachhaltige Verbesserung der Arbeitsbedingungen in der Landwirtschaft müssten Regulierungsansätze des Gesetzgebers, die Interessenvertretungen sowie die Handlungsansätze der Betroffenen selbst stärker ineinandergreifen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Exploring unemployment insurance for the self-employed and platform workers: How to navigate difficult waters? A comparative, conceptual and European perspective (2024)
Zitatform
Becker, Eleni De, Paul Schoukens & Enzo Weber (2024): Exploring unemployment insurance for the self-employed and platform workers: How to navigate difficult waters? A comparative, conceptual and European perspective. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 26, H. 2, S. 97-108., 2024-08-01. DOI:10.1177/13882627241267993
Abstract
"This special issue of the European Journal of Social Security explores the complexities of extending unemployment insurance to the self-employed and platform workers in the EU Member States and the steps taken at EU level to enforce the protection offered at national level. Traditionally, social security systems have been designed for standard employment relationships, leaving a typical workers and the self-employed inadequately protected. The European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR), adopted in 2017, and the subsequent 2019 Recommendation on access to social protection have marked a shift towards more inclusive social security frameworks. However, significant gaps in coverage remain, in particular with regard to unemployment protection for the self-employed and platform workers. The special issue is divided into three parts: national perspectives, comparative studies and EU-level discussions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The principle of adequate social protection in the European Pillar of Social Rights: Assessing the instruments used to realise its potential (2024)
Zitatform
Becker, Eleni De (2024): The principle of adequate social protection in the European Pillar of Social Rights: Assessing the instruments used to realise its potential. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 26, H. 2, S. 284-304. DOI:10.1177/13882627241254613
Abstract
"Improving the social security protection of atypical workers has been high on the EU agenda in recent years. With the adoption of the European Pillar of Social Rights in 2017, the EU wished to break away from a decade of austerity measures. The EU further developed the right to adequate social protection in the Pillar through the Recommendation on access to social protection for workers and the self-employed. This instrument urges EU Member States to ensure adequate access to social protection for workers, regardless of their employment relationship, and the self-employed. As part of the EU's recovery strategy during and after the Covid-19 crisis, several financial instruments were developed to support EU Member States. Through the Temporary Support to Mitigate Unemployment Risks in an Emergency, EU Member States received support for job retention schemes. The EU also adopted the Recovery Resilience Facility, which provided grants and loans. Another support instrument was the European Social Fund Plus. This article discusses those recent EU initiatives, focusing on unemployment and the protection of atypical workers and the self-employed. With the introduction of the European Employment Strategy (1997), a closer link was made at EU level between unemployment, increasing labour market participation and activation measures. Less attention was paid to ensuring adequate unemployment protection. In recent years, however, it appears that the EU has been playing an increasing role in providing funding for temporary support and in introducing changes to EU Member States' policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Casualization of work, free riding and institutional distrust: Explaining social protection preferences of platform workers in Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Beckmann, Fabian, Fabian Hoose, Lara Obereiner & Serkan Topal (2024): Casualization of work, free riding and institutional distrust: Explaining social protection preferences of platform workers in Germany. In: Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, Jg. 70, H. 3, S. 225-247. DOI:10.1515/zsr-2023-0024
Abstract
"The social protection of platform workers is widely recognized as a major political challenge but remains vastly understudied. The few existing investigations focus on social protection coverage and the employment status of platform workers, while their social protection preferences remain a black box to date. In this article, we investigate the social protection preferences of platform workers using a mixed methods design based on an online survey (n = 719) and qualitative in-depth interviews (n = 20) with self-employed platform workers in Germany. While the quantitative data indicate that the vast majority of respondents reject compulsory social insurance contributions for platform workers and favour self-employment over dependent employment, the qualitative interviews reveal three main types of explanations for this regulation aversion in different segments of platform work: The casualization of work in the platform economy, free riding on protection derived from ‘regular ’ employment and distrust in established welfare state institutions. Against this background, we discuss challenges for social policies aiming at improving social protection for platform workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Robots and firms' labour search: The role of temporary work agencies (2024)
Beneito, Pilar; Wilemme, Guillaume; Vicente-Chirivella, Oscar; Garcia-Vega, Maria;Zitatform
Beneito, Pilar, Maria Garcia-Vega, Oscar Vicente-Chirivella & Guillaume Wilemme (2024): Robots and firms' labour search: The role of temporary work agencies. (Research paper / Nottingham Centre for Research on Globalisation and Economic Policy 2024,02), Nottingham, 55 S.
Abstract
"We study the impact of industrial robots on the use of labor intermediaries or temporary work agencies (TWAs) and firm productivity. We develop a theoretical framework where new technologies increase the need for quality match workers. TWAs help firms to search for workers who better match their technologies. The model predicts that using robots increases TWA use, which increases robots' productivity. We test the model implications with panel data of Spanish firms from 1997 to 2016 with information on robot adoption and TWA use. Using staggered difference-in-difference (DiD) estimations, we estimate the causal effects of robot adoption on TWAs. We find robot adopters increase the probability of TWA use compared to non-adopters. We also find that firms that combine robots with TWAs achieve higher productivity than those who adopt robots without TWAs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The temporal dimension of parental employment: Temporary contracts, non-standard work schedules, and children's education in Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Betthäuser, Bastian A., Nhat An Trinh & Anette Eva Fasang (2024): The temporal dimension of parental employment: Temporary contracts, non-standard work schedules, and children's education in Germany. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 40, H. 6, S. 950-963. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcad073
Abstract
"The increasing prevalence of non-standard work and its adverse consequences are well documented. However, we still know little about how common non-standard work is amongst parents, and whether its negative consequences are further transmitted to their children. Using data from the German Microcensus, we document the prevalence and concentration of temporary employment and non-standard work schedules in households with children in Germany. Second, we examine the extent to which variation in this temporal dimension of parental employment is associated with children’s school track. Results show that in about half of all German households with children in lower-secondary school at least one parent has a temporary contract or regularly works evenings or Saturdays. We find that children whose mother always works evenings or Saturdays are substantially less likely to transition to the academic school track. By contrast, we find no significant association between fathers’ non-standard work schedules and children’s school track. We also find no evidence of an association between parents’ temporary employment and children’s school track placement. These divergent findings highlight the importance of disaggregating non-standard work into its specific components and differentiating between mothers' and fathers' non-standard work when investigating the consequences of parental non-standard work for children’s educational and life chances." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary Employment in Markets with Frictions (2024)
Zitatform
Boeri, Tito & Pietro Garibaldi (2024): Temporary Employment in Markets with Frictions. In: Journal of Economic Literature, Jg. 62, H. 3, S. 1143-1185. DOI:10.1257/jel.20231655
Abstract
"Temporary employment has spiked in OECD countries over the last 40 years and is now a common feature of their labor market landscape. A large body of empirical literature examines the spread of temporary employment, but no systematic review and interpretation of its findings in light of economic theory exists. This survey aims at filling this gap by interpreting the key empirical results based on the predictions of the macro models in markets with frictions developed to address specific features of temporary employment. Revisions of workhorse models used so far to analyze temporary employment are also suggested." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Hiring Temps but Losing Perms? Temporary Worker Inflows and Voluntary Turnover of Permanent Employees (2024)
Zitatform
Bonet, Rocio, Marta Elvira & Stefano Visintin (2024): Hiring Temps but Losing Perms? Temporary Worker Inflows and Voluntary Turnover of Permanent Employees. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 38, H. 1, S. 83-102. DOI:10.1177/09500170221103135
Abstract
"This article investigates the effect of hiring temporary workers on the voluntary turnover of permanent employees. It argues that inflows of temporary workers erode the working conditions of permanent employees, prompting their voluntary departure. Using a unique panel dataset of individual-level monthly payroll data over an eight-year period in a sample of Spanish companies, a positive association between temporary worker inflows and the voluntary turnover of permanent workers is found. The results are robust to diverse specifications and are strongest for firms in non-manufacturing sectors and for firms that hire proportionally more low-skilled workers, contexts where the hiring of temporary workers may be more disruptive for permanent employees. Since the hiring of temporary workers is unlikely to threaten the employment of permanent employees in the dual labour market of Spain, the results indicate serious disruption costs associated with temporary hiring in organisations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Is part-time employment a temporary 'stepping stone' or a lasting 'mommy track'? Legislation and mothers' transition to full-time employment in Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Brehm, Uta & Nadja Milewski (2024): Is part-time employment a temporary 'stepping stone' or a lasting 'mommy track'? Legislation and mothers' transition to full-time employment in Germany. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 34, H. 3, S. 354-369. DOI:10.1177/09589287231224607
Abstract
"Research on reconciling family and employment debates if maternal part-time employment works as ‘stepping stone’ to full-time employment or as gateway to a long-term ‘mommy track’. We analyze how mothers’ transition from part-time to full-time employment is shaped by changing reconciliation legislations and how this is moderated by reconciliation-relevant factors like individual behaviors and macro conditions. We extend the literature on work–family reconciliation by investigating mothers’ employment behavior after the birth of their last child, i.e., after the family formative phase. We draw upon Germany with its considerable regional and historical heterogeneity. Using event history methods on SOEP-data, we observe mothers who (re)enter part-time employment (i.e., up to 30 weekly working hours) after their last childbirth. Results suggest that the impact of reconciliation legislations depends on the moderation by other factors. Recent reconciliation-friendly legislations may have contributed to the polarization of maternal employment patterns: more and less employment-oriented mothers diverge sooner after childbirth than before. Legislations co-occur with increases both in childcare institutions and part-time culture, but their moderation effects compete. Hence, boosting part-time work as either a ‘stepping stone’ or a ‘mommy track’ requires a deep understanding of the mechanisms behind legislations as well as more explicit policy incentives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeiten in bioökonomischen Produktionsprozessen: Eine qualitative Analyse von Arbeit und Beschäftigung in Chemie, Landwirtschaft und Pharmazie (2024)
Zitatform
Brunsen, Hendrik, Agnes Fessler, Yannick Kalff & Hajo Holst (2024): Arbeiten in bioökonomischen Produktionsprozessen. Eine qualitative Analyse von Arbeit und Beschäftigung in Chemie, Landwirtschaft und Pharmazie. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 77, H. 2, S. 89-97. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2024-2-89
Abstract
"Die Umstellung auf eine Bioökonomie soll dem menschengemachten Klimawandel entgegenwirken. Für die Betriebe bedeutet dies eine veränderte stoffliche Basis der Produktion. Der Beitrag untersucht qualitativ die bislang nur randständig beachteten Folgen bioökonomischer Produktionsprozesse für die Arbeitenden. Mittels Expert*inneninterviews und Betriebsfallstudien aus der Landwirtschaft, Chemie und Pharmazie werden drei zentrale Herausforderungen im biobasierten Produktionsprozess herausgearbeitet, die sich direkt auf die Arbeitsbedingungen auswirken: Standardisierungsgrenzen durch die ‚natürlich-lebendige‘ Produktionsbasis, eine vergleichsweise schwache Marktposition und ein hoher Arbeits- und Fachkräftemangel. Für die Arbeitenden werden diese Herausforderungen spürbar durch hohe Wissens- und Flexibilitätsanforderungen, eine hohe Arbeitsintensität sowie eine Verstetigung und sogar Ausweitung atypischer Beschäftigungsverhältnisse – und zwar nicht nur für Akademiker*innen. Die Befunde zeigen, dass Ausbildungsberufe, atypische und geringqualifizierte Arbeit ein – bislang unterschätzter – Bestandteil der Bioökonomie sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
I Would Like to but I Cannot: What Influences the Involuntariness of Part-Time Employment in Italy (2024)
Zitatform
Busilacchi, Gianluca, Giovanni Gallo & Matteo Luppi (2024): I Would Like to but I Cannot: What Influences the Involuntariness of Part-Time Employment in Italy. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 173, H. 2, S. 439-473. DOI:10.1007/s11205-024-03339-2
Abstract
"Over the last two decades, involuntary part-time (IPT) employment has become a more and more pressing issue in Europe, especially in the southern countries, where IPT today constitutes most part-time employment. Using INAPP-PLUS data and different discrete choice model estimations, this paper aims to shed light on the factors that explain the IPT growth in Italy, focusing on what influences the IPT status at the individual, household and labour market levels. The main hypothesis is that what influences the IPT work derive from a combination of workers’ individual, household, and job characteristics which may engender limited power during the bargaining process. The empirical results, based on gender-specific models, highlight that characteristics associated with the IPT status significantly changed over time, reporting a convergent path between the gender profiles of IPT employment. However, IPT employment for women still appears to be mainly originated from the gendered division of domestic and care tasks, while this phenomenon seems to be mainly driven by the labour demand side for men." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitsausbeutung im Reinigungsgewerbe: Problemlagen, Hilfestrukturen, Handlungsmöglichkeiten (2024)
Böhme, René;Zitatform
Böhme, René (2024): Arbeitsausbeutung im Reinigungsgewerbe. Problemlagen, Hilfestrukturen, Handlungsmöglichkeiten. (Working paper Forschungsförderung / Hans Böckler Stiftung 333), Düsseldorf, 89 S.
Abstract
"Arbeitsausbeutung ist in Deutschland alltägliche Praxis. Zahlreiche Hürden führen dazu, dass es in den seltensten Fällen zur Strafverfolgung der Täter:innen kommt - das macht Ausbeutung zu einem lukrativen Geschäftsmodell. Um dem entgegenzuwirken, sind Bund, Länder und Kommunen aufgefordert, eine Gesamtstrategie zur Bekämpfung von Arbeitsausbeutung zu entwickeln. Diese sollte Erleichterungen bei der Strafverfolgung, quantitative und qualitative Verbesserungen der Kontrollmechanismen sowie eine Stärkung des Hilfesystems umfassen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Do temporary help agencies help? Employment transitions for low-skilled workers (2024)
Zitatform
Carrasco, Raquel, Ismael Gálvez-Iniesta & Belén Jerez (2024): Do temporary help agencies help? Employment transitions for low-skilled workers. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 90. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102586
Abstract
"We investigate the impact of working for a temporary help agency (THA) compared to being directly hired on the employment transitions of low-skilled male temporary workers aged 20 to 45. Using data from Spanish administrative records, we employ competing risk discrete-time duration models to analyze multiple temporary employment spells. Our analysis reveals the importance of accounting for short-duration dependence and workers’ unobserved heterogeneity. We find that, across all durations, agency workers are more likely to transition either to unemployment or to a new THA contract than their direct-hire counterparts. Transitions to permanent positions, although infrequent in our sample, are also more likely for agency workers. Our qualitative findings hold when unobserved heterogeneity is not controlled for. However, this model underestimates the effect of agency contracts on the risk of entering unemployment and overestimates the impact on the probability of re-entering THA. This suggests that positive self-selection plays a relevant role in explaining the higher persistence of THA employment, but not the associated higher risk of unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job polarization and non-standard work: Evidence from France (2024)
Zitatform
Charlot, Olivier, Idriss Fontaine & Thepthida Sopraseuth (2024): Job polarization and non-standard work: Evidence from France. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 88. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102534
Abstract
"Using annual and quarterly data from the French LFS, we investigate the interplay between the extensive and intensive margins of labor adjustment, job polarization, and non-standard work (N S) along the business cycle. We find that the declines in aggregate work hours during economic downturns can primarily be attributed to the reduction in routine standard employment (R, S) during past recessions in France. We then study the dynamics of routine standard employment, highlighting several key findings: (i) The primary drivers of R,S employment are inflows from routine non-standard work (R, N S) and unemployment. (ii) Individuals who lose R, S jobs are more likely to transition to R, N S positions following a brief period of unemployment. (iii) A majority of transitions within this employment category occur within the same employer, resulting in asymmetric adjustments in individual working hours. This often involves a notable increase in hours following either a contractual upgrade or a change in employer. Finally, we draw a comparative analysis between these findings and the United States, where the dynamics of routine employment appear distinct, despite a similar trend in job polarization." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Minijobs as stepping stones to regular employment: overall trends and the role of Midijob reforms (2024)
Zitatform
Collischon, Matthias, Anna Herget & Regina T. Riphahn (2024): Minijobs as stepping stones to regular employment: overall trends and the role of Midijob reforms. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 58, 2024-07-02. DOI:10.1186/s12651-024-00377-8
Abstract
"Minijobs are subsidized small jobs below a fixed earnings threshold. Since a reform in 2003, they are viewed as stepping stones to the first labor market. However, the Minijob subsidy generates a ‘Minijob trap’ that causes vast bunching at the Minijob earnings threshold. Therefore, Midijobs were designed to reduce this bunching and to eliminate the ‘Minijob trap’. Midijobs are employments that earn between the Minijob earnings threshold and the Midijob earnings threshold. In this range, Midijobs subsidize social insurance contributions on a sliding scale. This paper describes time trends in the propensity to leave Minijobs for regular employment and studies the role of Midijobs for transitions out of Minijobs. We find a strong increase in transitions from Minijobs to regular employment over time. However, there is no convincing evidence that Midijobs are connected to this development. Instead, behavioral changes and aggregate developments such as the business cycle and a booming labor market may have contributed to this development." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Subsidized Small Jobs and Maternal Labor Market Outcomes in the Long Run (2024)
Zitatform
Collischon, Matthias, Kamila Cygan-Rehm & Regina T. Riphahn (2024): Subsidized Small Jobs and Maternal Labor Market Outcomes in the Long Run. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17473), Bonn, 60 S.
Abstract
"This paper investigates whether incentives generated by public policies contribute to motherhood penalties. Specifically, we study the consequences of subsidized small jobs, the German Minijobs, which are frequently taken up by first-time mothers upon labor market return. Using a combination of propensity score matching and an event study applied to administrative data, we compare the long-run child penalties of mothers who started out in a Minijob employment versus unsubsidized employment or non-employment after birth. We find persistent differences between the Minijobbers and otherwise employed mothers up to 10 years after the first birth, which suggests adverse unintended consequences of the small jobs subsidy program for maternal earnings and pensions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A model of risk sharing in a dual labor market (2024)
Créchet, Jonathan;Zitatform
Créchet, Jonathan (2024): A model of risk sharing in a dual labor market. In: Journal of monetary economics, Jg. 147. DOI:10.1016/j.jmoneco.2024.103591
Abstract
"In OECD countries, the labor market features a coexistence of open-ended, permanent jobs subject to strict employment protection and fixed-term, temporary jobs. This paper studies a search-and-matching model with risk-averse workers and dynamic employment contracts subject to limited commitment. In equilibrium, permanent and temporary jobs coexist when the match quality is sufficiently dispersed: firing costs generate insurance gains implying that permanent contracts are optimal for high-quality matches. Consistent with recent empirical evidence, quantitative analysis of the model shows that temporary contracts crowd out permanent jobs and do not generate employment gains." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Navigating the precarious path: Understanding the dualization of the Italian labor market through the lens of involuntary part-time employment (2024)
Zitatform
Cuccu, Liliana, Vicente Royuela & Sergio Scicchitano (2024): Navigating the precarious path: Understanding the dualization of the Italian labor market through the lens of involuntary part-time employment. In: Papers in Regional Science, Jg. 103, H. 6. DOI:10.1016/j.pirs.2024.100061
Abstract
"This article investigates the surge in Involuntary Part-Time (IPT) employment in Italy from 2004 to 2019, exploring its impact on various socio-economic groups and adopting a spatial perspective. The study tests the hypothesis that technological shifts, specifically routine biased technological change (RBTC), and the expansion of household substitution services contribute to IPT growth. There is a widening negative gap in IPT prevalence among marginalized groups - women, young, and less skilled workers. After controlling for sector and occupation, the higher IPT propensity diminishes but remains significant, hinting at persistent discrimination. Additionally, segregation into more exposed occupations and sectors intensifies over time. Leveraging province-level indicators, and using a Partial Adjustment model, there is statistical support for RBTC’s correlation with IPT, especially among women. The impact of household substitution services is notably pronounced for women, highlighting sector segregation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Regional Science Association International.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Plattformnutzung durch Solo-Selbstständige: Explorative Befunde und forschungsstrategische Perspektiven (2024)
Depperschmidt, Rina; Matton, Heleen; Probst, Pia; Pongratz, Hans;Zitatform
Depperschmidt, Rina, Heleen Matton, Hans Pongratz & Pia Probst (2024): Plattformnutzung durch Solo-Selbstständige. Explorative Befunde und forschungsstrategische Perspektiven. In: Arbeit. Zeitschrift für Arbeitsforschung, Arbeitsgestaltung und Arbeitspolitik, Jg. 33, H. 1-2, S. 3-27. DOI:10.1515/arbeit-2024-0002
Abstract
"Plattformarbeit ist für Solo-Selbstständige zu einem wichtigen Erwerbszugang geworden. Dieser Zusammenhang wurde noch wenig untersucht, obwohl der Forschungsstand für beide Erwerbsformen ähnliche Bedingungen ausweist. Mittels einer qualitativen Befragung haben wir die Plattformerfahrungen von 20 Solo-Selbstständigen aus drei Berufsfeldern in vergleichender Perspektive analysiert: Yoga-Lehrer*innen, Sprachlehrer*innen und Creator*innen von Inhalten für die sozialen Medien. Trotz verschiedener Formen der Nutzung von Plattformdiensten sind die Resultate ähnlich: Für kleinere Zusatzeinnahmen ist beträchtlicher Aufwand erforderlich, aber Tools und Informationsangebote der Plattformen machen Arbeitserleichterungen möglich. Die Solo-Selbstständigen erleben viele der aus der Plattformforschung bekannten Abhängigkeiten und verschärften Konkurrenzbedingungen auf Online-Märkten. Nur für wenige Creator*innen führt Plattformarbeit aus einer prekären Selbstständigkeit heraus. Der Beitrag plädiert dafür, die beiden Forschungsfelder stärker zu verbinden und mit institutionellen Absicherungen des solo-selbstständigen Erwerbs auch die Bedingungen von Plattformarbeit zu verbessern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Skill, Productivity, and Wages: Direct Evidence from a Temporary Help Agency (2024)
Zitatform
Dong, Xinwei, Dean Hyslop & Daiji Kawaguchi (2024): Skill, Productivity, and Wages: Direct Evidence from a Temporary Help Agency. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 42, H. S1, S. S133-S181. DOI:10.1086/728809
Abstract
"Firms frequently provide general skill training for workers. Theories propose that labor market frictions entail wage compression, generate larger productivity gains than wage growth to skill acquisition, and motivate a firm to offer general skill training, but few studies directly test them. We use unusually rich data from a temporary help service firm that records both workers' wages and their productivity as measured by the fees charged to client firms. We find that skill acquired through training and learning by doing increases productivity more than wages, with such wage compression accounting for half of the average 40% productivity growth over 5 years of tenure." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Starting flexible, always flexible? The relation of early temporary employment and young workers employment trajectories in the Netherlands (2024)
Zitatform
Eberlein, Laura, Dimitris Pavlopoulos & Mauricio Garnier-Villarreal (2024): Starting flexible, always flexible? The relation of early temporary employment and young workers employment trajectories in the Netherlands. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 89. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2023.100861
Abstract
"Using register data from Statistics Netherlands (2009–2019), this paper examines whether the first employment contract is related to early career outcomes for a cohort of young workers who entered the Dutch labor market in the period from late 2009–2013. Instead of looking at the timing of isolated transitions between employment states, 6-year-long trajectories are considered to identify differences in early career paths. Applying a Mixture Hidden Markov Model, eight distinct states of employment quality characterized by different contract types and incomes are identified. Transitions between these employment states reveal four early career patterns that differ according to their upward and downward mobility. Our results show that entering the labor market with a permanent contract does not necessarily lead to immediate wage growth, but provides a safeguard against volatile careers with frequent transitions in and out of employment. While entering the labor market with a fixed-term contract facilitates upward mobility, on-call and temporary agency work early in the career may negatively affect long-term labor market integration." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A longitudinal analysis of the impact of multidimensional precarious employment on the mental health of men and women (2024)
Zitatform
Ervin, Jennifer, Yamna Taouk, Belinda Hewitt, Tania King & Tinh Doan (2024): A longitudinal analysis of the impact of multidimensional precarious employment on the mental health of men and women. In: Scientific Reports, Jg. 14, H. 1. DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-78843-z
Abstract
"This study aimed to investigate the effect of precarious employment (PE) on the mental health of Australians. Building on previous research, we conceptualised PE as a multidimensional construct, accounted for gender differences in the associations, and our modelling strategy addressed the possibility of reverse causality bias. Data was pooled panel data from 15 waves (2005–2019) of the HILDA survey (n = 14,237). Using PCA, we created two multidimensional measures of PE: objective and subjective. Fixed effects (FE) regression models (attending to unmeasured time-invariant confounders) estimated the change in mental health associated with a change in PE, and instrumental variable (IV) analyses (addressing endogeneity bias) obtained an unbiased estimate of effect of subjective PE on mental health (with ordinary least squares (OLS) models as baseline). For both genders, FE models showed that objective and subjective multidimensional PE both had a strong negative association with mental health (stronger for subjective PE). IV analysis indicated OLS models overestimate the relationship between subjective PE and mental health for men but underestimate it for women, providing causal evidence that subjective PE is important for women’s mental health. Overall, findings suggest that targeted PE policies have the potential to provide significant population mental health gains, particularly for working women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
-
Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht