Atypische Beschäftigung
Der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt wird zunehmend heterogener. Teilzeitbeschäftigung und Minijobs boomen. Ebenso haben befristete Beschäftigung und Leiharbeit an Bedeutung gewonnen und die Verbreitung von Flächentarifverträgen ist rückläufig. Diese atypischen Erwerbsformen geben Unternehmen mehr Flexibilität.
Was sind die Konsequenzen der zunehmenden Bedeutung atypischer Beschäftigungsformen für Erwerbstätige, Arbeitslose und Betriebe? Welche Bedeutung haben sie für die sozialen Sicherungssysteme, das Beschäftigungsniveau und die Durchlässigkeit des Arbeitsmarktes? Die IAB-Themendossier bietet Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
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Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht
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Literaturhinweis
Lower cost at a cost? The effects of flexible labour on non-profit operational outcomes (2025)
Altamimi, Hala; Liu, Qiaozhen;Zitatform
Altamimi, Hala & Qiaozhen Liu (2025): Lower cost at a cost? The effects of flexible labour on non-profit operational outcomes. In: Public Management Review, S. 1-34. DOI:10.1080/14719037.2025.2526533
Abstract
"The rise of flexible labour promises cost savings and flexibility. However, empirical research examining the organizational consequences of this employment model remains limited. Our analysis of panel data (2008–2018) on non-profits in the U.S. shows that flexible labour negatively influences operational outcomes. This effect is pronounced when these workers are involved in core organizational functions. The findings suggest that the increasing reliance on flexible labour promotes a short-term transactional employment approach incompatible with the sector’s institutional, motivational, and relational context. We suggest avenues for better aligning flexible labour use with non-profits organizational values and mission." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How Important is Selection into Full-time and Part-time Employment? A New Panel Data Sample Selection Model for Estimating Wage Profiles (2025)
Zitatform
Been, Jim, Marike Knoef & Heike Vethaak (2025): How Important is Selection into Full-time and Part-time Employment? A New Panel Data Sample Selection Model for Estimating Wage Profiles. In: Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1080/07350015.2025.2520851
Abstract
"The literature has shown that correcting for self-selection into work is important for the estimation of wage profiles. In this paper, we analyze to what extent intensive labor supply choices add valuable otherwise unobserved information to improve wage profile estimates. We develop a panel data sample selection model that allows for discrete choices in labor supply decisions and apply this to high-quality administrative data. Compared to labor supply decisions at the extensive margin, our new approach is able to control for additional unobserved heterogeneity from intensive labor supply choices with important consequences for the existence and direction of selection into (part-time) work. Applied to the data, we find that such information is especially important for estimating part-time wage profiles for women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do temporary employees experience increased material deprivation? Evidence from German panel data (2025)
Zitatform
Friedrich, Martin & Nils Teichler (2025): Do temporary employees experience increased material deprivation? Evidence from German panel data. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 35, H. 2, S. 143-156., 2024-08-16. DOI:10.1177/09589287241300011
Abstract
"Economic insecurity has recently received increasing attention as a determinant of material deprivation. We contribute to this line of research by analysing the relationship between temporary employment and material deprivation. We argue that temporary workers face exacerbated deprivation because they may forego basic needs to provide for an uncertain future. Using German panel data for the years 2008–2020, we find that temporary employment increases material deprivation among workers, particularly in low-income households. This finding is robust to our controlling for important variables such as household income and needs, individual- and household fixed effects and when considering lagged independent variables. The association is not driven by young or highly educated workers who may be more likely to hold temporary jobs without experiencing sustained material deprivation. We also find that temporary agency work, perceived job insecurity and firm turnover rates aggravate material deprivation. This supports the theoretical assumption that the impact of temporary employment on material deprivation is driven by the economic insecurities faced by temporary workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © SAGE) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Friedrich, Martin; -
Literaturhinweis
Career expectations and outcomes: Evidence (on gender gaps) from the economics job market (2025)
Helppie-McFall, Brooke; Parolin, Eric; Zafar, Basit;Zitatform
Helppie-McFall, Brooke, Eric Parolin & Basit Zafar (2025): Career expectations and outcomes: Evidence (on gender gaps) from the economics job market. In: Journal of Public Economics, Jg. 248. DOI:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105437
Abstract
"This paper investigates gender gaps in long-term career expectations and outcomes of PhD candidates in economics. For this purpose, we match rich survey data on PhD candidates (from the 2008–2010 job market cohorts) to public data on job history and publication records through 2022. We document four novel empirical facts: (1) there is a robust gender gap in career expectations, with females about 10 percentage points less likely to ex-ante expect to get tenure or publish regularly; (2) the gender gap in expectations is remarkably similar to the gap observed for academic outcomes; (3) expectations are similarly predictive of outcomes for males and females, and (4) gender gaps in expectations can explain about 22 % and 14 % of the ex-post gaps in tenure and publications, respectively. In addition, leveraging variation in relationship status at the time expectations are reported, we show that: conditional on gender, (1) expectations regarding tenure and publications do not differ systematically by relationship status, and (2) the predictive power of expectations does not differ by the relationship status of the individual." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Schwieriger Weg raus aus der Stütze: Nicht alle Betriebe bieten gute Chancen auf eine stabile Beschäftigung (2025)
Zitatform
Hohendanner, Christian & Sarah Bernhard (2025): Schwieriger Weg raus aus der Stütze: Nicht alle Betriebe bieten gute Chancen auf eine stabile Beschäftigung. In: IAB-Forum H. 09.07.2025, 2025-07-07. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20250709.01
Abstract
"Wie stabil Beschäftigungsverhältnisse von Personen sind, die zuvor Grundsicherungsleistungen bezogen haben, hängt von vielen Faktoren ab. Dabei spielen neben individuellen Merkmalen wie Qualifikation und Berufserfahrung auch betriebliche und branchenspezifische Faktoren eine wichtige Rolle. Auch wenn Leistungsbeziehende eine Beschäftigung finden, ist diese häufig nicht stabil. Entscheidend für längerfristigen Erfolg sind Merkmale wie die wirtschaftliche Perspektive des Betriebs, Größe, Tarifbindung oder Weiterbildungsangebote." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitslos und dann? Die neuen Jobs sind meistens atypische Beschäftigungen (Serie "Bürgergeld") (2025)
Zitatform
Hohmeyer, Katrin & Torsten Lietzmann (2025): Arbeitslos und dann? Die neuen Jobs sind meistens atypische Beschäftigungen (Serie "Bürgergeld"). In: IAB-Forum H. 07.05.2025, 2025-05-06. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20250507.01
Abstract
"Was passiert, nachdem Menschen arbeitslos geworden sind? Tatsächlich sind die weiteren Erwerbsverläufe höchst unterschiedlich. Der dauerhafte Sprung in eine unbefristete Vollzeitbeschäftigung gelingt den meisten Betroffenen zunächst nicht. Vielmehr findet sich die Mehrzahl in den ersten vier Jahren nach Eintritt der Arbeitslosigkeit in atypischen Beschäftigungsverhältnissen wie befristeter Beschäftigung, Teilzeit, Leiharbeit oder Minijobs wieder, nicht selten unterbrochen von Phasen erneuter Arbeitslosigkeit." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Part-time work, job satisfaction, employee well-being and organisational restructuring (2025)
Zitatform
Krutova, Oxana (2025): Part-time work, job satisfaction, employee well-being and organisational restructuring. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 45, H. 5/6, S. 511-528. DOI:10.1108/ijssp-01-2025-0004
Abstract
"Purpose: As a result of the ageing population, the pandemic, the war in Ukraine and the energy crisis, the labor market has experienced unprecedented expressions of external and internal change. In working life, nothing is the same, especially regarding the mobility of the workforce, the forms of work organisation and the employees’ influence and well-being. Considering these factors, in this article, we aim to investigate the connections between part-time work, well-being and the attractiveness of work for employees from the perspective of organizational restructuring. Design/methodology/approach The data for this study were based on the European Working Conditions Survey from 1991 to 2015. Since its launch in 1990, the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) has provided an overview of working conditions in Europe. The data for Finland contained 5,646 respondents. A gneralised linear model (GLM) was used with the Gaussian family for odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Findings The results showed that workers in restructured organizations are less satisfied with working conditions than workers in organizations without restructuring. These associations were even higher if the number of hours (OR 1.15, CI 1.06, 1.24), salary (OR 1.14, CI 1.06, 1.23) and the amount of influence over your work (OR 1.15, CI 1.07, 1.24) have changed during the last 12 months. These associations were slightly lower in the models, and they were additionally adjusted for the existence of part-time work. Originality/value In restructured organizations, part-time work seems to be associated with worsening job satisfaction but improving employee well-being." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour and social protection gaps impacting the health and well-being of workers in non-standard employment: An international comparative study (2025)
Kvart, Signild ; Cuervo, Isabel; Muntaner, Carles ; Julià, Mireia ; Gunn, Virginia; Ivarsson, Lars; Davis, Letitia; Lewchuk, Wayne ; Bosmans, Kim ; Bodin, Theo ; Baron, Sherry L.; Gutiérrez-Zamora, Mariana; Vílchez, David; Diaz, Ignacio; Vänerhagen, Kristian; Bolíbar, Mireia ; O'Campo, Patricia; Álvarez-López, Valentina; Escrig-Piñol, Astrid; Ahonen, Emily Q.; Vignola, Emilia F.; Zaupa, Alessandro; Vos, Mattias ; Östergren, Per-Olof ; Vives, Alejandra ; Ruiz, Marisol E.; Padrosa, Eva ;Zitatform
Kvart, Signild, Isabel Cuervo, Virginia Gunn, Wayne Lewchuk, Kim Bosmans, Letitia Davis, Astrid Escrig-Piñol, Per-Olof Östergren, Eva Padrosa, Alejandra Vives, Alessandro Zaupa, Emily Q. Ahonen, Valentina Álvarez-López, Mireia Bolíbar, Ignacio Diaz, Mariana Gutiérrez-Zamora, Lars Ivarsson, Mireia Julià, Carles Muntaner, Patricia O'Campo, Marisol E. Ruiz, Kristian Vänerhagen, Emilia F. Vignola, David Vílchez, Mattias Vos, Theo Bodin & Sherry L. Baron (2025): Labour and social protection gaps impacting the health and well-being of workers in non-standard employment: An international comparative study. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 20. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0320248
Abstract
"Background: World economies increasingly rely on non-standard employment arrangements, which has been linked to ill health. While work and employment conditions are recognized structural determinants of health and health equity, policies aiming to protect workers from negative implications predominantly focus on standard employment arrangements and the needs of workers in non-standard employment may be neglected. The aim of this study is to explore workers’ experiences of gaps in labour regulations and social protections and its influence on their health and well-being across 6 countries with differing policy approaches: Belgium, Canada, Chile, Spain, Sweden, and the United States. Methods: 250 semi-structured interviews with workers in non-standard employment were analyzed thematically using a multiple case-study approach. Results: There are notable differences in workers’ rights to protection across the countries. However, participants across all countries experienced similar challenges including employment instability, income inadequacy and limited rights and protection, due to policy-related gaps and access-barriers. In response, they resorted to individual resources and strategies, struggled to envision supportive policies, and expressed low expectations of changes by employers and policymakers. Conclusions: Policy gaps threaten workers’ health and well-being across all study countries, irrespective of the levels of labour market regulations and social protections. Workers in non-standard employment disproportionately endure economic risks, which may increase social and health inequality. The study highlights the need to improve social protection for this vulnerable population." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unemployed and then? The role of non-standard employment in labour market trajectories after unemployment (2025)
Zitatform
Lietzmann, Torsten & Katrin Hohmeyer (2025): Unemployed and then? The role of non-standard employment in labour market trajectories after unemployment. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 34, H. 2, 2024-08-30. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12698
Abstract
"Non-standard employment (NSE) might offer employment opportunities for unemployed workers, who would not find a job otherwise and can improve their human capital while working in NSE instead of being unemployed. NSE thus could serve as a bridge to regular, permanent employment. However, these stepping stone effects might not occur in a segmented labor market, when the accumulated human capital is not useful for regular jobs or NSE is not a positive signal to potential employers. Using German administrative data and sequence and cluster analysis, this article examined the labor market trajectories of initially unemployed individuals between 2012 and 2015 over a 4-year period with a focus on four common forms of NSE. The results indicate that NSE is not limited to marginal groups but 62% of the initially unemployed belong to a cluster with a substantial share of NSE. Furthermore, while most individuals stay in NSE, some regular full-time employment occurs after NSE." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Wiley) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Computer Use and Digital Frustration in German Workplaces: Is There a Gendered Part-Time Gap? (2025)
Zitatform
Lott, Yvonne & Andreas Hövermann (2025): Computer Use and Digital Frustration in German Workplaces: Is There a Gendered Part-Time Gap? In: Work, Employment and Society, S. 1-23. DOI:10.1177/09500170251351265
Abstract
"The digital transformation may disproportionately disadvantage female part-time workers, as they are affected by the flexibility stigma and career penalties. In this article, we ask: Is there a gendered part-time gap in work-related computer use and digital frustration in Germany? Latent class analysis and multivariate analysis, based on data from Wave 12 (2019/20) of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) Starting Cohort 6 – Adults, showed that women – and part-time working women in particular – were less likely than men to be classified as ‘advanced users’. Furthermore, part-time working women felt least well prepared for using networked digital technologies at work and were thus more at risk of experiencing digital frustration. These findings suggest that the triadic association between technology, power and masculinity postulated by feminist technology theory should be extended to include full-time work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Enshittification of Work: Platform Decay and Labour Conditions in the Gig Economy (2025)
Zitatform
Maffie, Michael David & Hector Hurtado (2025): The Enshittification of Work: Platform Decay and Labour Conditions in the Gig Economy. In: BJIR. DOI:10.1111/bjir.70004
Abstract
"This study investigates the mechanisms by which gig platforms degrade labor conditions over time, building on the concept of platform decay, or ‘enshittification’, initially developed in the context of social media platforms. In this article, we draw on 30 interviews with long-term gig workers in the ride-hail and grocery delivery sectors, offering insights into how these companies shift from offering attractive working conditions to exploiting labor as these services develop market power via network effects. We identify three mechanisms through which gig companies claw back value from workers over time: burden shifting (transferring operational costs to workers), feature addition and alteration (increasing the demands on workers), and market manipulation (reducing worker bargaining power). We then explore how workers respond to platform decay, finding that workers adopt three responses: effort recalibration , multi-homing and navigating the changing conditions through what we term toxic resilience . This study contributes to the gig work literature by developing a framework to explain how working conditions in the gig economy improve or degrade over time. In doing so, this article provides a framework for organizing the growing constellation of labour research on gig workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Role of Care Paradoxes in Maintaining Precariousness: A Case Study of Australia's Aged Care Work (2025)
Zitatform
McEwen, Celina (2025): The Role of Care Paradoxes in Maintaining Precariousness: A Case Study of Australia's Aged Care Work. In: Gender, work & organization, Jg. 32, H. 4, S. 1482-1494. DOI:10.1111/gwao.13240
Abstract
"The paper examines why despite many inquiries and government reforms, the working conditions of aged care workers have remained precarious. The study draws on an analysis of Australian workforce survey data, government documents, and hearing transcripts from a recent Royal Commission into the sector's workforce and care practices. The results paint a complex and nuanced picture of how the government and providers rely on older or culturally and linguistically diverse women to carry out high standards of quality care with minimal worker benefits and protection while devaluing their work as unprofessional. The analysis also highlights the coexistence of four types of precariousness in aged care work: precariousness as a social category, a shared experience, a set of work practices, and management. Further, I find that a series of paradoxes rooted in cultural perceptions of care and older and/or diverse women maintain precariousness at work by constructing workers as the problem, entrenching disadvantage borne from intersectionality and shifting the burden of responsibility and part of the cost of caring for older people onto workers. I suggest that little improvement is possible until the systemic and sociocultural issues around care and the workers engaged in the transaction of care are tackled together as a whole." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Work arrangements in digitally mediated care and domestic work (2025)
Zitatform
Molitor, Friederike (2025): Work arrangements in digitally mediated care and domestic work. In: Community, work & family, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2025.2523863
Abstract
"As the need for care has grown, paid care and domestic work in the private home is increasingly being organized on the market. Today, digital platforms serve as intermediaries for care and domestic services but systematic research on the resulting work arrangements between workers and clients remains limited. By understanding platform-mediated care and domestic work arrangements as a (social) exchange of ‘love and money’ between workers and clients, the study explores the working conditions and the worker-client relationships that emerge. Drawing on unique survey data collected on a large digital platform in Germany in 2019, the study shows that care and domestic workers who offer their services on digital platforms often experience informal work arrangements characterized by low working hours and irregular shifts. The worker-client relationships are described as amicable more than professional. They are often built on continuity, long-termism and reliability, which are essential for a lasting relationship. This challenges the on-demand, economic logic characterising other forms of platform work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Non-standard employment, low standard of living? The role of labor market and social policy measures in preventing material deprivation in different employment trajectories in Europe (2025)
Zitatform
Wolf, Fridolin (2025): Non-standard employment, low standard of living? The role of labor market and social policy measures in preventing material deprivation in different employment trajectories in Europe. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. e12689. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12689
Abstract
"While the poverty risks of non-standard employment have been explored extensively, this study focuses on the role of activation-oriented social policy in alleviating material deprivation for persons with non-standard employment histories. Using EU-SILC data, individuals over a four-year period were analyzed. I focused on substantial earners and distinguished between six non-standard employment histories expected to benefit from activation measures. Multi-level models revealed that compared to standard employment histories, all non-standard employment histories had higher material deprivation risks but to substantially different extents. At the macro level, participation in activation measures, expenditures in formal childcare and minimum income protection reduced material deprivation. Participation in training can be interpreted as an equaliser, as the deprivation gap between standard and most non-standard employment history types diminished. As expenditure- and participation-based measures differed significantly, evaluating the success of activation strategies in reducing inequalities and alleviating poverty highly depends on the measurement of activation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
What if it is not just an additional income? Poverty risks of non-standard employment histories in Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Wolf, Fridolin (2025): What if it is not just an additional income? Poverty risks of non-standard employment histories in Germany. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. e12676. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12676
Abstract
"While the poverty risks associated with transitions to and from different forms of non-standard employment (NSE) have been studied extensively, poverty research on NSE histories remains fuzzy. Therefore, this study focuses on persons with NSE histories whose earnings contribute significantly to the household income, asking to what extent they are exposed to income poverty risks during their main career phase and examining the role of employment, family and sociodemographic characteristics. Employment histories were observed over 10 years using German Socio-Economic Panel data from 2001 to 2020. A sequence cluster analysis identified four NSE clusters with increased poverty risks, namely, those with increasing and permanent low-part-time work, those who were mainly temporary agency-employed or had long episodes of fixed-term employment. Multivariate regressions considering employment-specific, care-related and sociodemographic characteristics revealed a network of cumulative disadvantages related to gender, occupational position, care obligations and structural disadvantages for those clusters." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mothers’ Nonstandard Work Schedules, Economic Hardship, and Children’s Outcomes (2025)
Zitatform
Zilanawala, Afshin & Anika Schenck-Fontaine (2025): Mothers’ Nonstandard Work Schedules, Economic Hardship, and Children’s Outcomes. In: Socius, Jg. 11, S. 1-17. DOI:10.1177/23780231251332979
Abstract
"The authors investigate the moderating role of three dimensions of economic hardship on the relationship between maternal nonstandard work schedules (working evening, nights, or weekends) and children’s behavioral and cognitive outcomes at age five in the United Kingdom. The literature on the relationship between nonstandard work and child development in early childhood has not taken into consideration the potentially important role of families’ economic circumstances. Economic circumstances may reduce or amplify the potential consequences of maternal nonstandard work schedules for young children. Using the Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative birth cohort from the United Kingdom, and residualized change models, the authors test associations between children’s cognitive and behavioral outcomes at age five from contemporaneous maternal nonstandard work schedules. Mothers who worked nonstandard schedules had more economic hardship relative to mothers working standard schedules. Nonstandard work schedules were related to higher internalizing behavior scores at age five. The authors examined if observed associations were moderated by income poverty, financial stress, and material hardship, separately, and found that the interaction of nonstandard work with higher levels of financial stress at age five was related to higher internalizing behavior scores. The results highlight a potentially challenging work-family interface in the context of working nonstandard schedules and experiencing economic hardship." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The temporal dimension of parental employment: Temporary contracts, non-standard work schedules, and children's education in Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Betthäuser, Bastian A., Nhat An Trinh & Anette Eva Fasang (2024): The temporal dimension of parental employment: Temporary contracts, non-standard work schedules, and children's education in Germany. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 40, H. 6, S. 950-963. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcad073
Abstract
"The increasing prevalence of non-standard work and its adverse consequences are well documented. However, we still know little about how common non-standard work is amongst parents, and whether its negative consequences are further transmitted to their children. Using data from the German Microcensus, we document the prevalence and concentration of temporary employment and non-standard work schedules in households with children in Germany. Second, we examine the extent to which variation in this temporal dimension of parental employment is associated with children’s school track. Results show that in about half of all German households with children in lower-secondary school at least one parent has a temporary contract or regularly works evenings or Saturdays. We find that children whose mother always works evenings or Saturdays are substantially less likely to transition to the academic school track. By contrast, we find no significant association between fathers’ non-standard work schedules and children’s school track. We also find no evidence of an association between parents’ temporary employment and children’s school track placement. These divergent findings highlight the importance of disaggregating non-standard work into its specific components and differentiating between mothers' and fathers' non-standard work when investigating the consequences of parental non-standard work for children’s educational and life chances." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeiten in bioökonomischen Produktionsprozessen: Eine qualitative Analyse von Arbeit und Beschäftigung in Chemie, Landwirtschaft und Pharmazie (2024)
Zitatform
Brunsen, Hendrik, Agnes Fessler, Yannick Kalff & Hajo Holst (2024): Arbeiten in bioökonomischen Produktionsprozessen. Eine qualitative Analyse von Arbeit und Beschäftigung in Chemie, Landwirtschaft und Pharmazie. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 77, H. 2, S. 89-97. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2024-2-89
Abstract
"Die Umstellung auf eine Bioökonomie soll dem menschengemachten Klimawandel entgegenwirken. Für die Betriebe bedeutet dies eine veränderte stoffliche Basis der Produktion. Der Beitrag untersucht qualitativ die bislang nur randständig beachteten Folgen bioökonomischer Produktionsprozesse für die Arbeitenden. Mittels Expert*inneninterviews und Betriebsfallstudien aus der Landwirtschaft, Chemie und Pharmazie werden drei zentrale Herausforderungen im biobasierten Produktionsprozess herausgearbeitet, die sich direkt auf die Arbeitsbedingungen auswirken: Standardisierungsgrenzen durch die ‚natürlich-lebendige‘ Produktionsbasis, eine vergleichsweise schwache Marktposition und ein hoher Arbeits- und Fachkräftemangel. Für die Arbeitenden werden diese Herausforderungen spürbar durch hohe Wissens- und Flexibilitätsanforderungen, eine hohe Arbeitsintensität sowie eine Verstetigung und sogar Ausweitung atypischer Beschäftigungsverhältnisse – und zwar nicht nur für Akademiker*innen. Die Befunde zeigen, dass Ausbildungsberufe, atypische und geringqualifizierte Arbeit ein – bislang unterschätzter – Bestandteil der Bioökonomie sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Starting flexible, always flexible? The relation of early temporary employment and young workers employment trajectories in the Netherlands (2024)
Zitatform
Eberlein, Laura, Dimitris Pavlopoulos & Mauricio Garnier-Villarreal (2024): Starting flexible, always flexible? The relation of early temporary employment and young workers employment trajectories in the Netherlands. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 89. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2023.100861
Abstract
"Using register data from Statistics Netherlands (2009–2019), this paper examines whether the first employment contract is related to early career outcomes for a cohort of young workers who entered the Dutch labor market in the period from late 2009–2013. Instead of looking at the timing of isolated transitions between employment states, 6-year-long trajectories are considered to identify differences in early career paths. Applying a Mixture Hidden Markov Model, eight distinct states of employment quality characterized by different contract types and incomes are identified. Transitions between these employment states reveal four early career patterns that differ according to their upward and downward mobility. Our results show that entering the labor market with a permanent contract does not necessarily lead to immediate wage growth, but provides a safeguard against volatile careers with frequent transitions in and out of employment. While entering the labor market with a fixed-term contract facilitates upward mobility, on-call and temporary agency work early in the career may negatively affect long-term labor market integration." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Beggaring Thy Co-Worker: Labor Market Dualization and the Wage Growth Slowdown in Europe (2024)
Zitatform
Lehner, Lukas, Paul Ramskogler & Aleksandra Riedl (2024): Beggaring Thy Co-Worker: Labor Market Dualization and the Wage Growth Slowdown in Europe. In: ILR review, Jg. 77, H. 5, S. 659-684. DOI:10.1177/00197939241248162
Abstract
"As temporary employment has become a pervasive feature of modern labor markets, reasons for wage growth have become less well understood. To determine whether these two phenomena are related, the authors investigate whether the dualized structure of labor markets affects macroeconomic developments. Specifically, they incorporate involuntary temporary workers into the standard wage Phillips curve to examine wage growth in 30 European countries for the period 2004–2017. Relying on individual-level data to adjust for a changing employment composition, their findings show, for the first time, that the incidence of involuntary temporary workers has strong negative effects on permanent workers’ wage growth, thereby dampening aggregate wage growth. This effect, which the authors name the competition effect, is particularly pronounced in countries where wage bargaining institutions are weak. The findings shed further light on the reasons for the secular slowdown of wage growth after the global financial crisis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Advancing Workers' Rights in the Gig Economy through Discursive Power: The Communicative Strategies of Indie Unions (2024)
Zitatform
Però, Davide & John Downey (2024): Advancing Workers' Rights in the Gig Economy through Discursive Power: The Communicative Strategies of Indie Unions. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 38, H. 1, S. 140-160. DOI:10.1177/09500170221103160
Abstract
"Finding limited representation in established unions, a growing number of precarious and migrant workers of the gig economy have been turning to self-organization. Yet little is known about how these workers can compensate for their lack of material resources and institutional support and negotiate effectively with employers. Drawing on interviews, frame, and content analysis grounded in ethnographic research with the precarious and migrant workers of British ‘indie’ unions, we examine the significance of self-mediation practices in facilitating effective negotiations. We find that the effectiveness of campaigns can be enhanced by strategically integrating vibrant direct action of workers and allies with self-mediated messages, which are framed to resonate with the general public and mainstream media – a practice that we call communicative unionism. These findings extend labour movement scholarship by showing the analytical importance of considering workers’ discursive power-building practices. They also contribute to addressing social movement studies’ historical neglect of workers’ collective engagements with employers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ein Teil der Arbeiter:innenklasse?: Analyse des Klassenbewusstseins prekär und atypisch Beschäftigter in Deutschland (2024)
Plenter, Johanna;Zitatform
Plenter, Johanna (2024): Ein Teil der Arbeiter:innenklasse? Analyse des Klassenbewusstseins prekär und atypisch Beschäftigter in Deutschland. (FES diskurs), Bonn, 14 S.
Abstract
"„Klasse“ ist nicht nur in sozialwissenschaftlichen Theorien, sondern auch in Medien und Politik eines der beliebtesten Konstrukte, um Gesellschaften zu beschreiben und Gruppen von Menschen einzuteilen und zu unterscheiden. Gerade in Anbetracht immer komplexer, ausdifferenzierter und diverser werdender Gesellschaften erlebt der Klassenbegriff seit einigen Jahren eine Renaissance. Der Arbeiter:innenklasse kommt dabei auch politisch ein besonderer Stellenwert zu, denn keine andere Klasse war lange Zeit so direkt mit einem (partei-)politischen Lager verbunden wie sie. Möglicherweise erklärt der elektorale Bedeutungsverlust der politischen Linken in nahezu allen westlichen Ländern diesen Rekurs des Klassenbegriffs und die Nostalgie um die Arbeiter:innenklasse" (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
More than a side-hustle: Satisfaction with conventional and microtask work and the association with life satisfaction (2024)
Zitatform
Reynolds, Jeremy, Julieta Aguilar & Reilly Kincaid (2024): More than a side-hustle: Satisfaction with conventional and microtask work and the association with life satisfaction. In: Social science research, Jg. 122. DOI:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103055
Abstract
"Gig platforms promise attractive, flexible ways to earn supplemental income. Academics, however, often describe gig work as low-quality work, suggesting that it is less satisfying than conventional work. In this paper, we present a novel comparison of satisfaction with gig microtask work and conventional work among MTurk workers doing both. We also examine how satisfaction with gig and conventional work relate to life satisfaction. On average, respondents report less satisfaction with microtasks than with conventional work. Nevertheless, roughly one-third of respondents are more satisfied with microtask work. Furthermore, microtask work lowers overall life satisfaction, but only among “platformdependent” respondents (those who rely on platform income). Specifically, structural equation modeling reveals a case of moderated mediation: “platform dependence” reduces life satisfaction by lowering satisfaction with microtask work while also strengthening the latter's connection to life satisfaction. Taken together, our findings support and extend the theory of platform dependence." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Accidental flexicurity or workfare? Navigating ride-share work and Australia's welfare system (2024)
Zitatform
Veen, Alex, Tom Barratt, Caleb Goods & Marian Baird (2024): Accidental flexicurity or workfare? Navigating ride-share work and Australia's welfare system. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 45, H. 3, S. 766-793. DOI:10.1177/0143831X231197057
Abstract
"This mixed-methods study explores the intersection of the ‘gig’ economy and welfare state in Australia, exploring how ride-share work has provided a pathway into paid work for three traditionally disadvantaged groups: individuals with disability, with caring responsibilities, or aged 45 and over. It examines these workers’ motivations for the work and explores how the welfare system shapes their experiences. The study finds push factors, such as past labour market discrimination and limited alternatives, and pull factors, like the relative flexibility of the work, which allows for the accommodation of planned and unplanned absences, are driving individuals into the ‘gig’ economy. The authors identify a duality about these experiences. On the one hand, the work represents a de facto form of ‘workfare’. On the other, the welfare system is cushioning the work’s job and income insecurity, providing individuals with flexibility and security unavailable elsewhere, an unintended policy outcome the authors label ‘accidental flexicurity’." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeit und gesellschaftlicher Zusammenhalt: Konzepte, Themen, Analysen (2024)
Zitatform
Vogel, Berthold & Harald Wolf (Hrsg.) (2024): Arbeit und gesellschaftlicher Zusammenhalt. Konzepte, Themen, Analysen. (Gesellschaftlicher Zusammenhalt 8), Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, 354 S. DOI:10.12907/978-3-593-45776-5
Abstract
"Driftet die Arbeitsgesellschaft immer mehr auseinander, ist ihr Zusammenhalt zunehmend gefährdet? Zentrale Befunde der soziologischen Arbeitsforschung wie »Entgrenzung«, »Prekarisierung« oder »Fragmentierung« legen dies nahe und weisen auf gesellschaftliche Fliehkräfte und Desintegration hin. Aktuelle Umbrüche durch Digitalisierung, sozial-ökologische Transformation und Corona-Krise scheinen soziale Spaltungen ebenfalls zu vertiefen, Polarisierungen zuzuspitzen und Zusammenhalt zu gefährden. Die Frage nach Arbeit und gesellschaftlichem Zusammenhalt ist vor diesem Hintergrund naheliegend, aber bislang innerhalb der soziologischen Zeitdiagnostik vernachlässigt. Sie wird in diesem Band erstmals von national wie international prominenten Forscherinnen und Forschern aus verschiedenen Perspektiven aufgegriffen und analysiert." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Does Atypical Employment Come in Couples? Evidence from European Countries (2024)
Zitatform
Westhoff, Leonie (2024): Does Atypical Employment Come in Couples? Evidence from European Countries. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 172, H. 2, S. 569-594. DOI:10.1007/s11205-023-03296-2
Abstract
"The literature on atypical employment has largely focused on the individual level. This paper provides a novel account of the dynamics of atypical employment, specifically part-time and temporary employment, within couples. Analyzing a sample of 29 European countries using 2016 EU-SILC data, it investigates the association between partner and own atypical employment. The results show that temporary employment does come in couples, in that partner temporary employment is associated with a higher likelihood of own temporary employment. A significant portion of this result is driven by individuals with partners in temporary employment themselves exhibiting characteristics predisposing them to temporary employment. These results are largely consistent across Europe. Accumulation of part-time employment is also observed, albeit at a smaller scale. However, it occurs at the two extremes of the income distribution only, among very low-earning and very high-earning couples. In contrast, in the middle of the income distribution, there is no association between partner and own part-time employment, which is more consistent with classic household specialization patterns. An association between partner and own part-time employment is only found in a minority of European countries, most systematically in Northern and Western Europe, but also in some Southern and Eastern European countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Atypical work, financial assets, and asset poverty in Germany (2023)
Zitatform
Colombarolli, Claudia & Philipp M. Lersch (2023): Atypical work, financial assets, and asset poverty in Germany. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 85. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2023.100803
Abstract
"This study investigates how atypical employment (i.e., part-time, temporary work, mini-jobs) affects workers' ability to accumulate financial assets and exposes them to asset poverty in Germany. Asset poverty occurs when household financial resources (e.g., bank deposits and stock equity) are insufficient to live at the income poverty line for three months. Previously, studies on labour market processes and wealth inequalities have been chiefly disconnected. Still, a large share of assets is accumulated from labour earnings, and thus, individual employment experiences likely affect asset accumulation. We draw on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP, 2002–2017) and apply fixed-effect growth curve models. Compared to standard employment, we find that spells in temporary work and mini-jobs lead to lower levels of net financial assets, while part-time work results in similar asset growth rates. Furthermore, unemployment and inactivity undermine financial asset accumulation more than atypical employment. This suggests that temporary positions are even more detrimental if interspersed by periods of no employment. We also find that the detrimental effect of atypical employment is larger for low educated than high-educated and that penalties of previous spells of mini-jobs are larger for men than women, but the contrary is true concerning temporary employment. Finally, asset poverty risk increases only for unemployment and inactivity, not atypical employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How does institutional context shape work-related functionings for regular and self-employed workers? A contextualised application of the capability approach to Belgium, France and the Netherlands (2023)
Zitatform
Focacci, Chiara Natalie & François Pichault (2023): How does institutional context shape work-related functionings for regular and self-employed workers? A contextualised application of the capability approach to Belgium, France and the Netherlands. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 43, H. 13/14, S. 36-61. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-12-2022-0312
Abstract
"Purpose: According to Sen's theoretical framework of capability (1985), individuals reach their full potential once they have the freedom, intended as the set of functionings at their disposal, to do so. However, many critiques have been developed against the lack of embeddedness of the capability approach in social and political relations and structures. In this article, the authors investigate the influence of three institutional contexts (Belgium, the Netherlands and France) on the respective work-related functionings of self-employed and regular workers, with a focus on human capital investment and institutional support offered to them. Design/methodology/approach Data from the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) are used to highlight similarities and differences in building work-related functionings for regular and self-employed workers. A regression analysis is provided at the country level. Findings In the three labor markets, the authors find that the building of work-related functionings is more successful for regular employees, especially as regards institutional support. Self-employed workers, on the other hand, need to rely on their individual capability as regards employment protection and human capital investment. However, the authors find interesting differences between the three institutional contexts. In both Belgium and France, self-employed workers are subject to higher instability in terms of changes in salary and hours worked, whereas atypical work is better positioned in the Dutch labour market. The Netherlands is also characterized by a less significant gap between regular and self-employed workers with respect to participation in training. Originality/value In this article, the authors contextualise Sen's (1985) theoretical framework by taking into account the institutional differences of labor markets. In particular, the authors provide a novel application of his capability approach to regular and self-employed workers in an economically relevant European area." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die gesetzliche Brückenteilzeit wird eher zurückhaltend genutzt (2023)
Zitatform
Hohendanner, Christian & Susanne Wanger (2023): Die gesetzliche Brückenteilzeit wird eher zurückhaltend genutzt. In: IAB-Forum H. 16.10.2023 Nürnberg. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20231016.01
Abstract
"Teilzeitarbeit ist in Deutschland weit verbreitet. Um das Risiko einer Teilzeitfalle zu verringern und die starre Trennung zwischen Voll- und Teilzeit abzubauen, wurde 2019 die Brückenteilzeit eingeführt. Sie ermöglicht es Beschäftigten mittlerer und größerer Betriebe, für einen Zeitraum zwischen einem und fünf Jahren in Teilzeit zu arbeiten, und ist mit einer automatischen Rückkehr zur ursprünglichen Arbeitszeit verbunden. Diese Möglichkeit wird allerdings bislang eher zurückhaltend genutzt. Damit halten sich auch die Auswirkungen auf die Personalpolitik der Betriebe in Grenzen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Extending social protection to informal economy Workers: Lessons from the Key Indicators of Informality based on Individuals and their Household (KIIbIH) (2023)
Kolev, Alexandre; La, Justina; Manfredi, Thomas;Zitatform
Kolev, Alexandre, Justina La & Thomas Manfredi (2023): Extending social protection to informal economy Workers: Lessons from the Key Indicators of Informality based on Individuals and their Household (KIIbIH). (OECD Development Centre working papers 350), Paris, 39 S. DOI:10.1787/ca19539d-en
Abstract
"This paper exploits the information available in the OECD Key Indicators of Informality based on Individuals and their Household (KIIBIH) to shed light on several elements that could help inform national strategies for the extension of social protection to workers in the informal economy. It provides an assessment of current social protection coverage of informal workers throughout a large sample of developing and emerging economies and proposes a statistical framework to examine country-specific data, upon which a strategy for extending social protection to informal workers could be articulated. While the paper does not intend to provide detailed country-level recommendations, it highlights a number of important findings and policy directions as regards the way to extend non-contributory and contributory schemes to informal workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Informalization in gig food delivery in the UK: The case of hyper-flexible and precarious work (2023)
Zitatform
Mendonça, Pedro, Nadia K. Kougiannou & Ian Clark (2023): Informalization in gig food delivery in the UK: The case of hyper-flexible and precarious work. In: Industrial Relations, Jg. 62, H. 1, S. 60-77. DOI:10.1111/irel.12320
Abstract
"This article examines the process of informalization of work in platform food delivery work in the UK. Drawing on qualitative data, this article provides new analytical insight into what drives individual formal couriers to both supply and demand informalized sub-contracted gig work to undocumented migrants, and how a platform company enables informal work practices through permissive HR practices and technology. In doing so, this article shows how platform companies are enablers of informal labor markets and contribute to the expansion of hyper-precarious working conditions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
'It was doing my head in': Low-paid multiple employment and zero hours work (2023)
Zitatform
Smith, Andrew & Jo McBride (2023): 'It was doing my head in': Low-paid multiple employment and zero hours work. In: BJIR, Jg. 61, H. 1, S. 3-23. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12689
Abstract
"This article explores the lived experiences and working time complexities of low-paid workers in legitimate multiple employment and zero hours work. Based on detailed qualitative research, these workers have 2, 3, 4, 5 and even 7 different jobs out of necessity due to low-pay, unpredictable working hours and employment precarity. The research reveals that workers need to be available for (potential) work at any point but may not actually be offered any hours, which we argue constitutes unremunerated labour time. The findings highlight a densification of working time with zero hours work as employers maximize productive effort into specifically numbered, demarcated and minimized working hours, which tightens the porosity of labour. There is a dual fragmentation and individualization of employment, as these workers traverse multiple, expansive, complex and dynamic temporalities of work. This study identifies new economic and temporal indeterminacies of labour, which fundamentally transform the employment relationship and wage-effort bargain." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Jobunsicherheit: Frauen fühlen sich durch Befristungen deutlich stärker belastet als Männer (2023)
Zitatform
Teichler, Nils & Brigitte Schels (2023): Jobunsicherheit: Frauen fühlen sich durch Befristungen deutlich stärker belastet als Männer. In: IAB-Forum H. 25.09.2023. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20230925.01
Abstract
"Jobunsicherheit und befristete Beschäftigung im Speziellen gehen für Erwerbstätige mit spürbaren Sorgen um den Arbeitsplatz einher und mindern die Lebenszufriedenheit. Allerdings machen sich weibliche Beschäftigte deutlich größere Sorgen um den Arbeitsplatz als männliche, wenn sie befristet beschäftigt sind. Der berufliche Status macht demgegenüber kaum einen Unterschied für die Lebenszufriedenheit, wenn der eigene Arbeitsplatz als unsicher erlebt wird." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Matching it up: non-standard work and job satisfaction (2022)
Zitatform
Bech, Katarzyna, Magdalena Smyk, Lucas van der Velde & Joanna Tyrowicz (2022): Matching it up: non-standard work and job satisfaction. (GRAPE working paper / Group for Research in Applied Economics 72), Warszawa, 37 S.
Abstract
"We leverage the flexibility enactment theory to study the link between working arrangements and job satisfaction. We propose that this link is moderated by individual inclination to non-standard working arrangements. Thus, we provide novel insights on the (mis)match between preferred and actual working arrangements. We apply this approach to data from the European Working Conditions Survey and empirically characterize the extent of mismatch in working arrangements across European countries. We shed new light on several phenomena. First, the extent of mismatch is substantial and reallocating workers between jobs could substantially boost overall job satisfaction in European countries. Second, the mismatch more frequently affects women and parents. Finally, we demonstrate that the extent of mismatch differs across European countries, which hints that one-size-fits-all policies, whether they deregulate or curb non-standard arrangements, are not likely to maximize the happiness of workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Reform der geringfügigen Beschäftigung: Stellungnahme des IAB zur Verbändeanhörung des Bundesministeriums für Arbeit und Soziales zum Entwurf eines Zweiten Gesetzes zu Änderungen im Bereich der geringfügigen Beschäftigung am 7.2.2022 (2022)
Zitatform
Bruckmeier, Kerstin, Torsten Lietzmann, Ulrich Walwei & Jürgen Wiemers (2022): Reform der geringfügigen Beschäftigung. Stellungnahme des IAB zur Verbändeanhörung des Bundesministeriums für Arbeit und Soziales zum Entwurf eines Zweiten Gesetzes zu Änderungen im Bereich der geringfügigen Beschäftigung am 7.2.2022. (IAB-Stellungnahme 02/2022), Nürnberg, 12 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.SN.2202
Abstract
"Mit dem Zweiten Gesetz zu Änderungen im Bereich der geringfügigen Beschäftigung plant die Bundesregierung, die im Koalitionsvertrag hierzu getroffenen Vereinbarungen umzusetzen. So soll im Zuge der Anpassung des Mindestlohns auf 12 Euro pro Stunde die Entgeltgrenze für Minijobs von derzeit 450 Euro auf 520 Euro angehoben und dynamisiert werden. Die Midijob-Grenze soll von derzeit 1.300 auf 1.600 Euro angehoben werden, um Geringverdienende zu entlasten. Zugleich soll verhindert werden, dass Minijobs als Ersatz für reguläre Arbeitsverhältnisse missbraucht oder zur Teilzeitfalle insbesondere für Frauen werden. Die IAB-Stellungnahme beinhaltet eine grundsätzliche Einschätzung des Minijob-Arrangements und geht anschließend auf die einzelnen Teile des Referentenentwurfs ein: Auf der Grundlage von Forschungsergebnissen könnte eine Reform zum Abbau statt zur Ausweitung der Minijobs begründet werden, da sie mit zahlreichen Nachteilen für Beschäftigte verbunden sind. Eine Neuregelung sollte eher darauf abzielen, dass sich die geringfügige Beschäftigung auf diejenigen konzentriert, für die eine sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung ohnehin vergleichsweise geringe Vorteile bringen würde (wie Schülerinnen und Schüler, Studierende, Rentnerinnen und Rentner). Insgesamt erscheine es daher fraglich, ob die Reformziele erreicht würden: Durch die Reform würden Beschäftigungsverhältnisse im unteren Teilzeitbereich und insbesondere geringfügige Beschäftigungsverhältnisse im Vergleich zum Status quo attraktiver. Mit der Koppelung der Minijob-Grenze an die Entwicklung des Mindestlohns wird die geringfügige Beschäftigung gestärkt und es bleiben die mit dem Minijob-Arrangement verbundenen Probleme erhalten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Bruckmeier, Kerstin ; Wiemers, Jürgen ; Walwei, Ulrich ; Lietzmann, Torsten ; -
Literaturhinweis
Prekarität: Ursachen, soziale Folgen und politische Verarbeitungsformen unsicherer Beschäftigungsverhältnisse (2022)
Zitatform
Dörre, Klaus, Klaus Kraemer & Frederic Speidel (Hrsg.) (2022): Prekarität. Ursachen, soziale Folgen und politische Verarbeitungsformen unsicherer Beschäftigungsverhältnisse. (Analysen zu gesellschaftlicher Integration und Desintegration), Wiesbaden: VS, Verl. für Sozialwissenschaften, 300 S.
Abstract
Gegenwärtig erleben die reichen Gesellschaften des Westens eine Wiederkehr sozialer Unsicherheit. Die vorliegende Studie sieht in der Ausbreitung prekärer Arbeitsverhältnisse eine zentrale Ursache. Auf der Basis empirischer Untersuchungen zur subjektiven Verarbeitung unsicherer Beschäftigung präsentieren die Autoren ihre inzwischen intensiv diskutierte Typologie der Prekarität erstmals in einer ausführlichen Fassung. Darüber hinaus werden Folgeuntersuchungen zu Langzeitarbeitslosen, Ein-Euro-Jobbern, Leiharbeitern und veränderten Arbeitsbeziehungen ausgewertet. Das Resümee der Autoren lautet: Prekarität ist nicht länger ein exklusives Phänomen an den Rändern der Arbeitsgesellschaft. Einem Bumerangeffekt gleich wirkt die disziplinierende Kraft unsicherer Arbeits- und Lebensverhältnisse auf integrierte Gruppen zurück. Die Folgen sind über den Arbeitsmarkt und die Unternehmen hinaus bis ins politische System hinein spürbar. Themen der Studie sind u. a.: Typische Verarbeitungsformen von Prekarität, flexible und prekäre Beschäftigung, das Desintegrationsparadox, Prekarität und Disziplinierung, Hartz-IV-Folgen, politische Verarbeitungsformen von Prekarität, Rechtspopulistische Orientierungen.
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Literaturhinweis
Are men or women more unsettled by fixed-term contracts? Gender differences in affective job insecurity and the role of household context and labour market position (2022)
Zitatform
Morgenroth, Nicolas, Brigitte Schels & Nils Teichler (2022): Are men or women more unsettled by fixed-term contracts? Gender differences in affective job insecurity and the role of household context and labour market position. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 38, H. 4, S. 560-574., 2021-11-15. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcab060
Abstract
"This study investigates differences in the causal effect of fixed-term contracts on affective job insecurity by gender and household context in Germany. Research shows that workers in fixed-term employment are more unsettled about their job security than are permanent employees. We contribute to the literature on subjective job insecurity by explicitly modelling the causal effect of fixed-term employment and by examining how women and men differ in this effect. We argue that gender differences in the labour market positions and a gendered division of labour in the household account for gender differences in the subjective vulnerability to fixed-term employment. We apply linear fixed effect probability models based on the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) with a sample of employees aged between 20 and 45 years. Results show that a fixed-term contract doubles the probability of big job worries compared to a permanent contract. Women are substantially more unsettled by fixed-term contracts than men across all household types. These gender differences cannot be explained by unfavourable labour market positions of women. Fixed-term employment thus seems to add to existing gender inequalities on the labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Erwerbsarmut in Österreich aus Geschlechterperspektive (2022)
Zitatform
Siegert, Christina (2022): Erwerbsarmut in Österreich aus Geschlechterperspektive. In: Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, Jg. 47, H. 4, S. 511-535.
Abstract
"Der Beitrag widmet sich anhand österreichischer EU-SILC-Querschnittsdaten (2017—2019) der Frage, ob und wie sich unselbständig beschäftigte Frauen und Männer hinsichtlich ihres Erwerbsarmutsrisikos auf Basis des Personeneinkommens unterscheiden. Dazu werden auf Basis der individuellen Beschäftigungssituation, des gestaffelten Personeneinkommens (Erwerbseinkommen, andere Personeneinkommen, anteilige Haushaltseinkommen) und haushaltsspezifischer Armutsschwellen Erwerbsarmutsquoten für Frauen und Männer ausgewiesen. Ausgehend von Überlegungen zur Arbeitsmarktbenachteiligung und finanzieller Abhängigkeit von Frauen stehen geschlechts- und haushaltsspezifische Beschäftigungsstrategien, erfasst durch Beschäftigungsausmaß und Lohnhöhe, und deren Konsequenzen für das individuelle Erwerbsarmutsrisiko im Zentrum der Analyse. Potenzielle Zusammenhänge werden mit Hilfe von Kontingenz- und logistischen Regressionsanalysen überprüft, womit dieser Beitrag neue Erkenntnisse über die haushalts- und geschlechterspezifische Situation unselbständig beschäftigter working poor in Österreich liefert. Die Resultate weisen darauf hin, dass Frauen häufiger teilzeit- und niedriglohnbeschäftigt sind und in Paarhaushalten mehrheitlich nur einen Zuverdienst zum Haushaltseinkommen leisten, während Männer überwiegend Allein- oder Hauptverdiener sind. Frauen sind stärker als Männer auf Einkommenskomponenten jenseits des eigenen Erwerbseinkommens angewiesen, um Erwerbsarmut zu vermeiden. Aber nicht Frauen per se, sondern ausschließlich (die überwiegend teilzeitbeschäftigten) Mütter sind gegenüber Männern einem erhöhten Erwerbsarmutsrisiko ausgesetzt. Könnten Mütter nur auf ihr Erwerbseinkommen oder andere Personeneinkommen zurückgreifen, wäre mindestens jede Zweite von ihnen working poor." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Earnings instability and non-standard employment: cohort-based evidence from the Italian labour market (2022)
Zitatform
Tomelleri, Alessio (2022): Earnings instability and non-standard employment: cohort-based evidence from the Italian labour market. (FBK-IRVAPP working paper / Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Research Institute for the Evaluation of Public Policies 2022-02), Trient, 31 S.
Abstract
"This paper estimates trends in the transitory and permanent variance of male earnings in Italy using social security data from 1990 to 2016. Cohort-specific earnings variability is compared by the number of non-standard contracts to test the extent to which the increase in income instability is related to labour market deregulation for fixed-term contracts. Results show a relationship between the reforms that liberalised temporary contracts and increasing income instability, mainly affecting younger cohorts. In addition, younger workers exhibit an increase in the variance of permanent earnings as the number of atypical contracts increases. This is related to a decline in long-term mobility and an increase in long-term inequality. Results show that the reforms that liberalised temporary arrangements led to a short-run increase in earnings instability and a long-term increase in inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wage Differences between Atypical and Standard Workers in European Countries: Moving beyond Average Effects (2022)
Zitatform
Westhoff, Leonie (2022): Wage Differences between Atypical and Standard Workers in European Countries: Moving beyond Average Effects. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 38, H. 5, S. 770-784. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcac015
Abstract
"This article provides a detailed picture of wage differences between atypical and standard workers across the wage distribution. It compares two distinct types of atypical employment, part-time and temporary employment, and examines seven European countries. Using 2016 EU-SILC data, the article presents quantile regression estimates of wage gaps associated with atypical employment across the wage distribution. The results show that wage patterns associated with different types of atypical employment are diverse and complex. Temporary employment is associated with significant wage penalties that decrease but largely remain significant towards the upper end of the wage distribution. In contrast, wage differences between part-time and full-time workers are smaller and range from part-time penalties at lower deciles of the wage distribution to non-significant differences or premiums at the top. These results suggest that different mechanisms may drive wage differences associated with different types of atypical employment. In particular, the article highlights the role of occupation in affecting atypical workers’ labour market position and, consequently, wages relative to standard workers. Overall, the significant heterogeneity in atypical employment and its wage consequences calls into question the usefulness of the concept as a unifying category for research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social protection of atypical workers during the Covid-19 crisis (2021)
Zitatform
Bruckmeier, Kerstin, Diego d'Andria & Regina Konle-Seidl (2021): Social protection of atypical workers during the Covid-19 crisis. In: IAB-Forum H. 28.05.2021 Nürnberg, o. Sz., 2021-05-27.
Abstract
"The Covid-19 crisis acts like a magnifying glass under which already existing problems within countries’ social protection systems become more visible than before. It puts the spotlight on weaknesses, especially the social protection of the atypically employed and the (solo) self-employed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
'Stuck' in nonstandard schedules? Married couples' nonstandard work schedules over the life course (2021)
Zitatform
Leupp, Katrina, Sabino Kornrich & Julie Brines (2021): 'Stuck' in nonstandard schedules? Married couples' nonstandard work schedules over the life course. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 24, H. 1, S. 20-38. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2019.1619517
Abstract
"Though employment outside of regular daytime business hours has remained high since the 1990s, trends in nonstandard employment schedules over the life course and across households remain under-examined. The consequences of nonstandard scheduling extend to workers, their spouse, and children, urging greater attention to the distribution of nonstandard schedules at the couple-level. Using all three waves of the National Survey of Families and Households, this article examines the prevalence, persistence and sociodemographic patterns of rotating and night employment at the couple-level, following 913 married couples in the United States as they aged from the late 1980s to early 2000s. Though aging reduced the likelihood that couples had one or both spouses working nonstandard hours, roughly one-third of couples with nonstandard scheduling continued to experience nonstandard schedules during the subsequent observation period. Nonstandard schedules were stratified by education and race/ethnicity. This stratification persisted as couples aged, even after controlling for prior work schedules. Findings suggest that disadvantaged couples remain disproportionately exposed to schedules associated with negative outcomes for family well-being across the life course." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Commercial airline pilots' declining professional standing and increasing precarious employment (2021)
Zitatform
Maxwell, G. A. & K. Grant (2021): Commercial airline pilots' declining professional standing and increasing precarious employment. In: The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Jg. 32, H. 7, S. 1486-1508. DOI:10.1080/09585192.2018.1528473
Abstract
"With the advent of low-cost employment systems for pilots in commercial airlines, we address two questions: What are experienced UK-based, commercial airline pilots’ perspectives on their current professional standing? What are their perspectives on current precarious employment in commercial airline piloting? Analysis of qualitative data from 28 pilots in commercial, passenger carrying airlines reveals declining professional standing and increasing precarious employment, alongside enduring aspects of professionalism. The corollary is that precarious professional employment is an emerging, pervasive type of low-cost employment system in the studied context. In terms of theoretical implications, our study highlights the need for exactness in understanding the complexities of declining professional standing and increasingly precarious employment. Our analysis offers an exact term, pilot-cariat, to encapsulate contemporary, UK-based and experienced commercial airline pilot employment. Further research may reveal more of what we call cariats in other occupations with responsibility for lives in similarly cost constrained and management agency contexts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The consequences of non-standard working and marital biographies for old age income in Europe: Contrasting the individual and the household perspective (2021)
Zitatform
Möhring, Katja (2021): The consequences of non-standard working and marital biographies for old age income in Europe. Contrasting the individual and the household perspective. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 55, H. 3, S. 456-484. DOI:10.1111/spol.12720
Abstract
"The article addresses the question of how individuals with non-standard work or family histories fare under different national pension systems in terms of their individual and household income in old age. It provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship of life course with later life individual and household income, and thereby goes beyond previous research that either focuses on one or the other. Life history data for 12 European countries of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) are used to examine old age individual and household income of individuals (a) with non-standard working histories (e.g., non-standard employment or unemployment), (b) with family instabilities (e.g., divorce or single parenthood). The results show that non-employment and low-status employment are old age income risks for both genders. Having children represents a burden for household income and for women's individual income only if associated with employment interruptions. Cross-national variation is stronger for the relationship of old age income with the employment history than with the fertility history. Especially Beveridge-plus countries that provide unconditional basic pension schemes mitigate previous life course inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Inhabiting the Self-Work Romantic Utopia: Positive Psychology, Life Coaching, and the Challenge of Self-Fulfillment at Work (2021)
Zitatform
Pagis, Michal (2021): Inhabiting the Self-Work Romantic Utopia: Positive Psychology, Life Coaching, and the Challenge of Self-Fulfillment at Work. In: Work and occupations, Jg. 48, H. 1, S. 40-69. DOI:10.1177/0730888420911683
Abstract
"Much has been said about the rise of work as a central identity marker in modern society. With the recent popularization of self-help and positive psychology, this identity marker broadened its signification to include new emotional needs such as love and passion, creating a new cultural imaginary: the “self-work romantic utopia.” Sociological studies have criticized this utopia as a myth that serves capitalist neoliberal structures, leading to frustration and self-blame. However, little is known about how workers themselves confront this myth and the strategies they employ when attempting to inhabit it in today’s precarious job market. Based on 60 in-depth interviews with upper-middle class Israeli workers who hired life coaches to improve their work experience, the author identifies five strategies used to inhabit this romantic utopia: starting over, healing, idealization, polygamy, and vision. Through the analysis of these strategies, the author illustrates how even the relatively privileged workers need to adapt the self-work romantic utopia to their life circumstances, inhabiting the myth in partial degrees. Such flexible implementation turns the “myth” into a cultural tool that directs workers’ lives and actions even in a precarious, unstable job market, maintaining subjective experiences of agency in a sphere characterized by growing structural constraints. Yet paradoxically, these strategies eventually strengthen the precarious, noncommitted, and individual-oriented structure of the job market, yielding flexible, individualistic solutions that replace workplace responsibility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Warum die Corona-Krise atypisch Beschäftigte besonders stark trifft (Serie "Corona-Krise: Folgen für den Arbeitsmarkt") (2021)
Zitatform
Walwei, Ulrich, Carina Sperber & Daniel Giehl (2021): Warum die Corona-Krise atypisch Beschäftigte besonders stark trifft (Serie "Corona-Krise: Folgen für den Arbeitsmarkt"). In: IAB-Forum H. 05.05.2021, o. Sz.
Abstract
"Anders als die Finanzkrise 2008/2009 trifft die Corona-Krise Menschen in atypischen Erwerbsformen wie Solo-Selbstständigkeit und Minijobs besonders hart. Sie arbeiten nicht nur überproportional häufig in krisengebeutelten Wirtschaftszweigen wie der Gastronomie oder der Kultur- und Freizeitbranche. Sie sind im Regelfall auch deutlich schlechter sozial abgesichert als regulär Beschäftigte." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary Employment and Family Formation: An Income or Insecurity Effect? (2021)
Zitatform
Wijk, Daniël C. van, Helga A. G. De Valk & Aart C. Liefbroer (2021): Temporary Employment and Family Formation: An Income or Insecurity Effect? In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 37, H. 4, S. 641-658. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcab007
Abstract
"Recent studies show that temporary workers postpone family formation transitions, but it remains unclear whether this effect is due to the lower income or the stronger perceptions of job insecurity that go with a temporary contract. To address this question, we link data from a large-scale survey among Dutch employees to longitudinal population register data on marriage and first births. Logistic regression models estimate the effects of temporary employment on marriage and first birth, and mediation analyses assess to what extent these effects are explained by income and perceptions of job insecurity. Results show that temporarily employed women delay first birth. There is also some evidence that temporarily employed men postpone marriage and first birth. These effects are partly explained by income, which increases marriage and first birth rates among men and women alike. Perceptions of job insecurity generally had little effect on family formation, although higher marriage rates were found among women who experienced affective job insecurity. Overall, this shows that it is their low income rather than their feelings of insecurity about future employment that explains why temporary employees postpone family formation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Bayrische Lebens- und Arbeitsrealitäten: Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und der Fraktion DIE LINKE (Drucksache 19/25624) (2021)
Zitatform
(2021): Bayrische Lebens- und Arbeitsrealitäten. Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und der Fraktion DIE LINKE (Drucksache 19/25624). (Verhandlungen des Deutschen Bundestages. Drucksachen 19/26347 (02.02.2021)), 87 S.
Abstract
Die Bundesregierung antwortet auf die Anfrage der Fraktion DIE LINKE zu den Lebens- und Arbeitsrealitäten in Bayern u.a. mit Ergebnissen aus dem Mikrozensus zum Anteil an NormalarbeitnehmerInnen und atypisch Beschäftigten (auch getrennt nach Geschlecht) in den Jahren 2010, 2018 und 2019. (IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Perceived Job Quality in German Minijobs. A Multidimensional Analysis of Work in Marginal Part-time Employment Relationships (2020)
Zitatform
Beckmann, Fabian (2020): Perceived Job Quality in German Minijobs. A Multidimensional Analysis of Work in Marginal Part-time Employment Relationships. In: Management revue, Jg. 31, H. 2, S. 116-144. DOI:10.5771/0935-9915-2020-2-116
Abstract
"Minijobs, a special form of part-time employment, have developed into an established form of employment on the German labour market since the 1990s. They are heavily criticised for their potential labour market effects, their impact on employees' social security and their bad working conditions. Due to the multiple risks, minijobs are often considered as prime examples of low-quality jobs. However, to date there has been hardly any research dealing with the subjective perception of the work situation of minijobbers, resulting in a minijob debate without minijobbers' views. This article examines the perceived job quality in minijobs. Based on a quantitative survey, different dimensions of work in minijobs are being analysed, concentrating on the relationship between desired and experienced work situations. Moreover, the global job satisfaction of minijobbers and its predictors are investigated. The analysis shows that minijobs are evaluated positively regarding many intrinsic, social and health-related aspects of work and that the overall job evaluation is significantly correlated to the perceived job quality. The study underlines the need for multidimensional and subjective approaches to job quality as well as a nuanced critique of minijobs which has to differentiate between the institutional regulation, the working conditions and employees' subjective perception." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Erwerbstätigkeit von Frauen in Minijobs: eine subjektorientierte Analyse (des-) integrativer Dynamiken atypischer Beschäftigung (2020)
Zitatform
Beckmann, Fabian (2020): Die Erwerbstätigkeit von Frauen in Minijobs: eine subjektorientierte Analyse (des-) integrativer Dynamiken atypischer Beschäftigung. In: Arbeits- und industriesoziologische Studien, Jg. 13, H. 2, S. 117-139.
Abstract
"Minijobs haben sich seit den 1990er Jahren speziell für Frauen als stabiles Arbeitsmarktsegment etabliert und werden ebenso lange als prekäre Beschäftigungsform problematisiert. Die zentralen Prekaritätsachsen bilden die im Vergleich zu sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten unterdurchschnittlichen Arbeits- und Beschäftigungsbedingungen sowie die unzureichende Möglichkeit einer eigenständigen sozialen Absicherung. Ausgehend von einer nur marginalen Subjektorientierung in der bisherigen Forschung beleuchtet der Beitrag diese Problemfelder von Minijobs und fragt nach der subjektiven Arbeitsqualität sowie den Ausprägungen und Erklärungsfaktoren der Erwerbspräferenzen von weiblichen Minijobbenden. Die Befunde signalisieren eine divergierende Beurteilung der Arbeitsqualität in unterschiedlichen Dimensionen von Erwerbsarbeit und sensibilisieren somit für den Nutzen mehrdimensionaler und subjektiver Zugänge für die Analyse von Arbeitsqualität. Darüber hinaus offenbart sich eine nur geringe Normalarbeitsorientierung unter (weiblichen) Minijobbenden, deren Ursachen vielfältig sind und nicht ausschließlich auf institutionelle Fehlanreize reduziert werden können." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
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Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht