Atypische Beschäftigung
Der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt wird zunehmend heterogener. Teilzeitbeschäftigung und Minijobs boomen. Ebenso haben befristete Beschäftigung und Leiharbeit an Bedeutung gewonnen und die Verbreitung von Flächentarifverträgen ist rückläufig. Diese atypischen Erwerbsformen geben Unternehmen mehr Flexibilität.
Was sind die Konsequenzen der zunehmenden Bedeutung atypischer Beschäftigungsformen für Erwerbstätige, Arbeitslose und Betriebe? Welche Bedeutung haben sie für die sozialen Sicherungssysteme, das Beschäftigungsniveau und die Durchlässigkeit des Arbeitsmarktes? Die IAB-Themendossier bietet Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
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Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht
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Literaturhinweis
How Important is Selection into Full-time and Part-time Employment? A New Panel Data Sample Selection Model for Estimating Wage Profiles (2025)
Zitatform
Been, Jim, Marike Knoef & Heike Vethaak (2025): How Important is Selection into Full-time and Part-time Employment? A New Panel Data Sample Selection Model for Estimating Wage Profiles. In: Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1080/07350015.2025.2520851
Abstract
"The literature has shown that correcting for self-selection into work is important for the estimation of wage profiles. In this paper, we analyze to what extent intensive labor supply choices add valuable otherwise unobserved information to improve wage profile estimates. We develop a panel data sample selection model that allows for discrete choices in labor supply decisions and apply this to high-quality administrative data. Compared to labor supply decisions at the extensive margin, our new approach is able to control for additional unobserved heterogeneity from intensive labor supply choices with important consequences for the existence and direction of selection into (part-time) work. Applied to the data, we find that such information is especially important for estimating part-time wage profiles for women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Why does temporary work increase disability insurance inflow? (2025)
Zitatform
Koning, Pierre, Paul Muller & Roger Prudon (2025): Why does temporary work increase disability insurance inflow? In: Labour Economics, Jg. 96. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102719
Abstract
"We show that workers with fixed-term contracts are substantially more likely to apply for and be awarded disability insurance (DI) benefits than permanent workers. We study whether this differential can be explained by (i) selection of worker types into contracts, (ii) the relation between contract type and the risk of illness, (iii) differences in employer support during illness, and (iv) differences in labour market prospects of ill workers. We find that selection actually masks part of the differential, whereas the impact of contract type on health is limited. In contrast, the difference in employer support during illness is a significant cause of the heightened DI risk of temporary workers, especially in slack labour markets. We therefore conclude that, conditional on being ill, workers with fixed-term contracts face different support structures and incentives that make them more likely to ultimately apply for and be awarded DI." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Shared Jobs, Shared Trajectories? Employer Groups and the Regulation of Part-time Work in Germany and the Netherlands (2025)
Zitatform
Nijhuis, Dennie Oude & Maximilian Kiecker (2025): Shared Jobs, Shared Trajectories? Employer Groups and the Regulation of Part-time Work in Germany and the Netherlands. In: German politics, Jg. 34, H. 3, S. 586-608. DOI:10.1080/09644008.2024.2413487
Abstract
"To explain cross-national variation in the regulation of atypical forms of employment, including measures aimed at protecting the employment conditions of nonstandard workers, existing studies have typically emphasised the importance of labour's relative power resources and insider-outsider dynamics. This article shows that differences in employer stances can also be of key importance in explaining this type of variation. Moreover, it shows that employer support for regulatory efforts to improve quality of atypical employment neither have to result from a perceived need to seek strategic accommodation nor from a positive assessment of the costs and benefits of regulation. It does so by comparing the very different responses of Dutch and German employer groups to regulatory attempts to improve the quality of part-time employment. It illustrates their importance and attributes them to strategic choices that were a logical outcome of the different institutional environments in which Dutch and German employer groups operated." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Starting flexible, always flexible? The relation of early temporary employment and young workers employment trajectories in the Netherlands (2024)
Zitatform
Eberlein, Laura, Dimitris Pavlopoulos & Mauricio Garnier-Villarreal (2024): Starting flexible, always flexible? The relation of early temporary employment and young workers employment trajectories in the Netherlands. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 89. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2023.100861
Abstract
"Using register data from Statistics Netherlands (2009–2019), this paper examines whether the first employment contract is related to early career outcomes for a cohort of young workers who entered the Dutch labor market in the period from late 2009–2013. Instead of looking at the timing of isolated transitions between employment states, 6-year-long trajectories are considered to identify differences in early career paths. Applying a Mixture Hidden Markov Model, eight distinct states of employment quality characterized by different contract types and incomes are identified. Transitions between these employment states reveal four early career patterns that differ according to their upward and downward mobility. Our results show that entering the labor market with a permanent contract does not necessarily lead to immediate wage growth, but provides a safeguard against volatile careers with frequent transitions in and out of employment. While entering the labor market with a fixed-term contract facilitates upward mobility, on-call and temporary agency work early in the career may negatively affect long-term labor market integration." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effect of transitioning into temporary employment on wages is not negative: A comparative study in eight countries (2024)
Zitatform
Latner, Jonathan P. (2024): The effect of transitioning into temporary employment on wages is not negative: A comparative study in eight countries. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 92, 2024-07-22. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100957
Abstract
"There remains a lack of clarity about the effect of temporary employment on wages. Using asymmetric fixed effects models with a dummy impact function, we study the wage effects of four distinct transitions: (1) from unemployment into a temporary relative to (2) a permanent contracts; and (3) from temporary into permanent contracts relative to (4) from permanent into temporary contracts. We use panel data from eight countries to examine the effect of these distinct transitions, over time after the transition occurs, and in a cross-national, comparative context. The main finding explains the wage penalty of temporary employment identified by previous research. The negative effect is more accurately understood as the difference between two types of transitions, neither of which are negative, even if transitions from temporary into permanent contracts more positive than transitions from permanent into temporary contracts. There is little difference in the wage effect of transitions from unemployment into temporary relative to permanent contracts. The findings may be counter intuitive, but they are consistent with the theory of equalizing differences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fixed-term contracts and firm productivity: Do workers’ skills and firm conversion rates from fixed-term to permanent contracts matter? (2024)
Zitatform
Nguyen, Ngoc Hân, Wendy Smits & Mark Vancauteren (2024): Fixed-term contracts and firm productivity: Do workers’ skills and firm conversion rates from fixed-term to permanent contracts matter? In: International Journal of Manpower, Jg. 45, H. 10, S. 144-161. DOI:10.1108/ijm-03-2024-0194
Abstract
"Purpose: We aim to elucidate the relationship between fixed-term employment and firm productivity by examining workers’ skills and considering how firm-level conversion rates influence this relationship. Design/methodology/Approach: We use longitudinal employer-employee data between 2011 and 2017 in the Netherlands to estimate a nonlinear regression derived from a production function proposed by Addessi (2014) and Castellani et al . (2020). Findings: The contribution of fixed-term contracts to firm-level productivity is less than that of permanent contracts. However, this contribution is greater when firms exhibit a high conversion rate from fixed-term to permanent positions. The effect of the conversion rate is more substantial for high-skilled fixed-term workers than for low-skilled ones. Originality/value: Our results suggest the extent to which firms benefit from fixed-term contracts when these are used for screening high-skilled workers for permanent employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How does institutional context shape work-related functionings for regular and self-employed workers? A contextualised application of the capability approach to Belgium, France and the Netherlands (2023)
Zitatform
Focacci, Chiara Natalie & François Pichault (2023): How does institutional context shape work-related functionings for regular and self-employed workers? A contextualised application of the capability approach to Belgium, France and the Netherlands. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 43, H. 13/14, S. 36-61. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-12-2022-0312
Abstract
"Purpose: According to Sen's theoretical framework of capability (1985), individuals reach their full potential once they have the freedom, intended as the set of functionings at their disposal, to do so. However, many critiques have been developed against the lack of embeddedness of the capability approach in social and political relations and structures. In this article, the authors investigate the influence of three institutional contexts (Belgium, the Netherlands and France) on the respective work-related functionings of self-employed and regular workers, with a focus on human capital investment and institutional support offered to them. Design/methodology/approach Data from the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) are used to highlight similarities and differences in building work-related functionings for regular and self-employed workers. A regression analysis is provided at the country level. Findings In the three labor markets, the authors find that the building of work-related functionings is more successful for regular employees, especially as regards institutional support. Self-employed workers, on the other hand, need to rely on their individual capability as regards employment protection and human capital investment. However, the authors find interesting differences between the three institutional contexts. In both Belgium and France, self-employed workers are subject to higher instability in terms of changes in salary and hours worked, whereas atypical work is better positioned in the Dutch labour market. The Netherlands is also characterized by a less significant gap between regular and self-employed workers with respect to participation in training. Originality/value In this article, the authors contextualise Sen's (1985) theoretical framework by taking into account the institutional differences of labor markets. In particular, the authors provide a novel application of his capability approach to regular and self-employed workers in an economically relevant European area." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Einfluss bürokratischer Hürden auf die grenzüberschreitende Arbeitnehmerentsendung von KMU in Grenzregionen (2023)
Zitatform
Holz, Michael & Annette Icks (2023): Einfluss bürokratischer Hürden auf die grenzüberschreitende Arbeitnehmerentsendung von KMU in Grenzregionen. (IfM-Materialien / Institut für Mittelstandsforschung Bonn 299), Bonn, 91 S.
Abstract
"Auf der Grundlage von Fachgesprächen mit Unternehmerinnen und Unternehmern sowie Expertinnen und Experten untersucht die Studie, inwieweit bürokratische Erfordernisse die grenzüberschreitende Erbringung von Dienstleistungen von deutschen und niederländischen KMU in ausgewählten Grenzregionen be- bzw. verhindern. Großen Verbesserungsbedarf sehen die Befragten insbesondere im Hinblick auf die fehlende Harmonisierung der Entsendevorschriften und -verfahren in den einzelnen EU-Mitgliedstaaten. Auch Erleichterungen bei kurzen bzw. kurzfristigen Entsendungen werden sehr häufig als notwendig erachtet. Ein nicht unerheblicher Teil der KMU in beiden Ländern befolgt einzelne Vorschriften nicht, um den hohen Bürokratieaufwand auf ein – aus ihrer Sicht – verhältnismäßiges Niveau zu begrenzen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Atypical work, worker voice and supervisor responses (2022)
Zitatform
Sluiter, Roderick, Katerina Manevska & Agnes Akkerman (2022): Atypical work, worker voice and supervisor responses. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 20, H. 3, S. 1069-1089. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwaa022
Abstract
"We study atypical workers’ experiences with voice of in the Netherlands. We take a relational approach to worker voice and hypothesize that atypical workers are particularly vulnerable to refrain from voice and to experience suppression. We test our hypotheses using unique data on workers’ actual experiences with voicing discontent and supervisors’ responses (N = 4708; collected in 2017 and 2018). We find that temporary and freelance work, job insecurity, replaceability and precarious values are barriers to worker voice. Job insecurity and precarious values are associated with less support and more suppression from supervisors. These insights offer a valuable contribution to scholarly and public debates on atypical work by demonstrating how it not only affects workers’ job security, income stability and entitlements but also reduces workers’ ability to speak up and solve problems at work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employers' Willingness to Invest in the Training of Temporary Workers: A Discrete Choice Experiment (2021)
Zitatform
Poulissen, Davey, Andries de Grip, Didier Fouarge & Annemarie Künn-Nelen (2021): Employers' Willingness to Invest in the Training of Temporary Workers: A Discrete Choice Experiment. (IZA discussion paper 14395), Bonn, 36 S.
Abstract
"Various studies have shown that temporary workers participate less in training than those on permanent contracts. Human resources practices are considered to be an important explanation for this difference. We develop a theoretical framework for employers' provision of training that explicitly incorporates the costs and benefits associated with training investments in employees with different types of employment contracts. Our framework not only predicts employers to be less willing to invest in temporary workers due to the shorter time horizon associated with such an investment, but it also provides insights into how this willingness depends on characteristics of the training that are related to the expected costs and benefits of the training investment. A discrete choice experiment is used to empirically test the predictions from our theoretical framework. In line with our theoretical framework, we find that employers are less likely to invest in the training of temporary workers. This particularly holds when temporary workers do not have the prospect of a permanent contract with their current employer. Furthermore, we show that employers' likelihood of investing in temporary workers indeed depends on aspects related to the costs and benefits of training, that is, a financial contribution to the training costs made by employees, a repayment agreement that applies when workers leave the organisation prematurely, and the transferability of the skills being trained. Our findings can be used to increase employers' willingness to invest in temporary workers. However, similar effects are observed when looking at employers' willingness to invest in permanent workers, suggesting that it will be difficult to decrease the gap in employers' willingness to invest between temporary and permanent workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Non-Standard Work and Innovation: Evidence from European industries (2021)
Zitatform
Reljic, Jelena, Armanda Cetrulo, Valeria Cirillo & Andrea Coveri (2021): Non-Standard Work and Innovation: Evidence from European industries. (LEM working paper series / Laboratory of Economics and Management 2021,6), Pisa, 36 S.
Abstract
"Following a market-oriented approach, policies aimed at increasing labour flexibility by weakening employment protection institutions should enable firms to efficiently allocate resources, improve their capability to compete on international markets and adjust to economic cycle. This work documents the rise of non-standard (i.e. temporary and part-time) work in five European countries (Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom) over the period 1994-2016 and investigate the nexus between the use of non-standard work and innovation performance using data for 18 manufacturing and 23 service industries. Contrary to the objectives that market-oriented policy recommendations promised to achieve, we show that there is a significantly negative association between the share of workers employed under non- standard contractual arrangements and the introduction of both product and process innovation. Furthermore, we show that the harmful consequences of the spread of non-standard work on firms' product innovation propensity are more pronounced in high-tech sectors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary Employment and Family Formation: An Income or Insecurity Effect? (2021)
Zitatform
Wijk, Daniël C. van, Helga A. G. De Valk & Aart C. Liefbroer (2021): Temporary Employment and Family Formation: An Income or Insecurity Effect? In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 37, H. 4, S. 641-658. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcab007
Abstract
"Recent studies show that temporary workers postpone family formation transitions, but it remains unclear whether this effect is due to the lower income or the stronger perceptions of job insecurity that go with a temporary contract. To address this question, we link data from a large-scale survey among Dutch employees to longitudinal population register data on marriage and first births. Logistic regression models estimate the effects of temporary employment on marriage and first birth, and mediation analyses assess to what extent these effects are explained by income and perceptions of job insecurity. Results show that temporarily employed women delay first birth. There is also some evidence that temporarily employed men postpone marriage and first birth. These effects are partly explained by income, which increases marriage and first birth rates among men and women alike. Perceptions of job insecurity generally had little effect on family formation, although higher marriage rates were found among women who experienced affective job insecurity. Overall, this shows that it is their low income rather than their feelings of insecurity about future employment that explains why temporary employees postpone family formation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Atypical work and unemployment protection in Europe (2021)
Zitatform
Xavier Jara, H. & Alberto Tumino (2021): Atypical work and unemployment protection in Europe. In: Journal of Common Market Studies, Jg. 59, H. 3, S. 535-555. DOI:10.1111/jcms.13099
Abstract
"This paper evaluates the degree of income protection the tax-benefit system provides to atypical workers in the event of unemployment. Our approach relies on simulating transitions from employment to unemployment for the entire workforce in EU member states to compare household financial circumstances before and after the transition. Our results show that coverage rates of unemployment insurance are low among atypical workers, who are also more exposed to the risk of poverty, both while in work and in unemployment. Low work intensity employees are characterized by high net replacement rates. However, this is due to the major role played by market incomes of other household members. Finally, we show that in countries where self-employed workers are not eligible for unemployment insurance benefits, extending the eligibility to this group of workers would increase their replacement rates and make them less likely to fall into poverty in the event of unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupations and the Non-Standard Employment Career: How the Occupational Skill Level and Task Types Influence the Career Outcomes of Non-Standard Employment (2020)
Zitatform
Mattijssen, Lucille, Dimitris Pavlopoulos & Wendy Smits (2020): Occupations and the Non-Standard Employment Career: How the Occupational Skill Level and Task Types Influence the Career Outcomes of Non-Standard Employment. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 34, H. 3, S. 495-513. DOI:10.1177/0950017020902984
Abstract
"This article examines to what extent the occupational skill level and task types determine whether non-standard employment (NSE) leads to a stepping-stone or a trap in the careers of workers. For this purpose, a typology of the individual careers of workers in the Netherlands who entered non-standard employment in 2007 is created using multichannel sequence analysis. This typology allows for classifying careers in terms of employment security and income security. An analysis of this typology shows that working in occupations with high-level tasks does not preclude trap careers with low levels of employment and income security. Routine tasks do not have an unequivocal effect on career outcomes, while manual tasks generally lead to trap careers. The combination of routine and manual tasks makes it most likely for NSE to function as a trap in workers? careers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Disclosing 'masked employees' in Europe: job control, job demands and job outcomes of 'dependent self-employed workers' (2020)
Zitatform
Millán, Ana, José María Millán & Leonel Caçador-Rodrigues (2020): Disclosing 'masked employees' in Europe: job control, job demands and job outcomes of 'dependent self-employed workers'. In: Small business economics, Jg. 55, H. 2, S. 461-474. DOI:10.1007/s11187-019-00245-7
Abstract
"In this study, we examine whether job control, job demands and job outcomes of 'dependent self-employed workers', i.e. the workers in this particular grey zone between employment and self-employment, are more similar to those of the self-employed or paid employed. To this end, we use microdata drawn from the 2010 wave of the European Working Conditions Survey for 34 European countries. First, we develop and validate a psychometrically sound multidimensional scale for these 3 key constructs by conducting both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Then, multilevel (hierarchical) linear regressions are used to test the validity of our hypotheses. Our results suggest that these hybrid work relationships are endowed with the least favourable attributes of both groups: lower job control than self-employed workers, higher job demands than paid employees and, overall, worse job outcomes than both." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The dynamism of the new economy: Non-standard employment and access to social security in EU-28 (2019)
Avlijaš, Sonja;Zitatform
Avlijaš, Sonja (2019): The dynamism of the new economy: Non-standard employment and access to social security in EU-28. (LEQS – LSE 'Europe in Question' Discussion Paper Series 141), London, 76 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines the prevalence of non-standard workers in EU-28, rules for accessing social security, and these workers' risk of not being able to access it. It focuses on temporary and part-time workers, and the self-employed, and offers a particularly detailed analysis of their access to unemployment benefits. It focuses on eligibility, adequacy (net income replacement rates) and identifies those workers which are at the greatest risk of either not receiving benefits or receiving low benefits. It offers a special overview of foreign non-standard workers, who may be particularly vulnerable due to the absence of citizenship in the host country. The paper also analyses access to maternity and sickness benefits for these three groups of workers, as well as their access to pensions. Its key contribution is in bringing together the different dimensions of disadvantage that non-standard workers face vis-à-vis access to social protection. This allows us to comprehensively assess the adaptation of national social security systems across EU-28 to the changing world of work over the past 10 years. The paper shows that there is a lot of variation between the Member States, both in the structure of their social security systems, as well as the prevalence of non-standard work. Most notably, the paper concludes that: i) access to unemployment benefits is the most challenging component of welfare state provision for people in non-standard employment; ii) policy reforms vis-à-vis access to social benefits have improved the status of non-standard workers in several countries, while they have worsened it in others, particularly in Bulgaria, Ireland and Latvia; iii) some Eastern European countries can offer lessons to other Member States due to their experiences with labour market challenges during transition and the subsequent adaptations of their social security systems to greater labour market flexibility. The paper also implies that a country's policy towards nonstandard work" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The structural determinants of the labor share in Europe (2019)
Dimova, Dilyana;Zitatform
Dimova, Dilyana (2019): The structural determinants of the labor share in Europe. (IMF working paper 2019,67), Washington, DC, 41 S.
Abstract
"The labor share in Europe has been on a downward trend. This paper finds that the decline is concentrated in manufacture and among low- to mid-skilled workers. The shifting nature of employment away from full-time jobs and a rollback of employment protection, unemployment benefits and unemployment benefits have been the main contributors. Technology and globalization hurt sectors where jobs are routinizable but helped others that require specialized skills. High-skilled professionals gained labor share driven by productivity aided by flexible work environments, while low- and mid-skilled workers lost labor share owing to globalization and the erosion of labor market safety nets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary employment at labour market entry in Europe: labour market dualism, transitions to secure employment and upward mobility (2019)
Zitatform
Passaretta, Giampiero & Maarten H. J. Wolbers (2019): Temporary employment at labour market entry in Europe. Labour market dualism, transitions to secure employment and upward mobility. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 40, H. 2, S. 382-408. DOI:10.1177/0143831X16652946
Abstract
"This article focuses on school-leavers who enter employment with a temporary contract in the European context, and examines their probabilities to shift to standard employment or unemployment, and their chances of occupational mobility afterwards. The authors argue that two institutional dimensions of insider - outsider segmentation drive the career progression after a flexible entry: the gap between the regulation of permanent and temporary contracts and the degree of unionization. The analyses show that a disproportionate protection of permanent compared to temporary contracts increases the probability of remaining on a fixed-term contract, whereas the degree of unionization slightly decreases the chance of moving to jobs with higher or lower socio-economic status. Finally, a shift to permanent employment after a fixed-term entry is more often associated with occupational upward mobility in strongly rather than weakly unionized labour markets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Making employment more inclusive in the Netherlands (2018)
Zitatform
Baker, Mark & Lindy Gielens (2018): Making employment more inclusive in the Netherlands. (OECD Economics Department working papers 1527), Paris, 45 S. DOI:10.1787/da8bc5c4-en
Abstract
"The Dutch labour market has recovered and the unemployment rate has been converging towards pre-crisis levels. Non-standard forms of work have expanded with a strong trend towards self-employment and an increased reliance on temporary contracts. These developments may reflect a preference of some individuals for a more flexible working relationship, but they could also lower job security and job quality for others. Policies need to protect vulnerable groups in the more dynamic working environment without creating barriers to labour mobility and flexibility of the overall labour market. To improve the fairness of the tax system, policies should ensure a more level playing field between workers on different types of contracts. Regulatory policies should aim at raising labour market mobility to improve the matching of skills to jobs by easing the protection on permanent employment contracts and through a more targeted approach to activation policies for disadvantaged groups. Finally, measures should improve the skills of individuals in vulnerable groups to enhance their opportunities to find better jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The labor market in the Netherlands, 2001-2016: overall, employment and wages were accompanied by a rise in part-time work and a decline in job security (2018)
Zitatform
Hartog, Joop & Wiemer Salverda (2018): The labor market in the Netherlands, 2001-2016. Overall, employment and wages were accompanied by a rise in part-time work and a decline in job security. (IZA world of labor 418), Bonn, 12 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.418
Abstract
"Zunehmender Wettbewerbsdruck und die Volatilität der Absatzmärkte haben auch in den Niederlanden dazu geführt, dass Arbeitgeber finanzielle Risiken verstärkt auf die Beschäftigten verlagern. Angesichts geschwächter Gewerkschaften und eines politischen Rückbaus von Sozialprogrammen konnten die Löhne niedrig gehalten und das Arbeitsangebot erweitert werden. Neue Vertragsvereinbarungen haben mehr Möglichkeiten für flexible und Teilzeitarbeit eröffnet, aber auch die Unsicherheit in Bezug auf Job und Karriere erhöht. Die Politik sollte vor allem dafür sorgen, dass Beschäftigte, die von ihren Arbeitgebern nicht mehr ausreichend geschult werden, allgemeine wie berufsspezifische Qualifizierungsangebote erhalten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational pension schemes for part-time workers: equality in the eye of the beholder? (2018)
Zitatform
Knoops, Sarah (2018): Occupational pension schemes for part-time workers. Equality in the eye of the beholder? In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 20, H. 4, S. 309-324. DOI:10.1177/1388262718819513
Abstract
"Although much attention is given to the newer forms of atypical work, a large percentage of employees still have a 'classical' part-time employment contract.1 Despite long-standing legal protection against discrimination, these part-time workers risk receiving less favourable treatment. This article discusses the principle of non-discrimination in the field of occupational pensions from the perspective of part-time employment. It aims to show the adverse impact that seemingly neutral measures can have on the occupational pensions of part-time workers. By way of illustration, two cases of the Court of Justice of the European Union: the Schönheit and Becker case (length of service) and the Kleinsteuber case (split pension formula) are examined in detail. It is further argued that, in Kleinsteuber, the CJEU appears to have broadened the possibilities of justifying differential treatment. This tendency could threaten the efficiency of the principle of equal pay and non-discrimination for part-time workers as regards occupational pensions. Finally, the impact of these judgments on Belgian and Dutch occupational pension schemes is examined." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The new normal of working lives: critical studies in contemporary work and employment (2018)
Zitatform
Taylor, Stephanie & Susan Luckman (Hrsg.) (2018): The new normal of working lives. Critical studies in contemporary work and employment. (Dynamics of virtual work), Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 356 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-66038-7
Abstract
"This critical, international and interdisciplinary edited collection investigates the new normal of work and employment, presenting research on the experience of the workers themselves. The collection explores the formation of contemporary worker subjects, and the privilege or disadvantage in play around gender, class, age and national location within the global workforce.
Organised around the three areas of: creative working, digital working lives, and transitions and transformations, its fifteen chapters examine in detail the emerging norms of work and work activities in a range of occupations and locations. It also investigates the coping strategies adopted by workers to manage novel difficulties and life circumstances, and their understandings of the possibilities, trajectories, mobilities, identities and potential rewards of their work situations." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Inhalt: Stephanie Taylor, Susan Luckman Collection Introduction: The 'New Normal' of Working Lives (1-15);
Part I Creative Working ;
Susan Luckman, Jane Andrew: Online Selling and the Growth of Home-Based Craft Micro-enterprise: The 'New Normal' of Women's Self-(under)Employment (19-39);
Ana Alacovska: Hope Labour Revisited: Post-socialist Creative Workers and Their Methods of Hope (41-63);
Karen Cross: From Visual Discipline to Love-Work: The Feminising of Photographic Expertise in the Age of Social Media (65-85);
Frédérick Harry Pitts: Creative Labour, Before and After 'Going Freelance': Contextual Factors and Coalition-Building Practices (87-107);
Frédérik Lesage: Searching, Sorting, and Managing Glut: Media Software Inscription Strategies for 'Being Creative' (109-126);
Part II Digital Working Lives ;
Katariina Mäkinen: Negotiating the Intimate and the Professional in Mom Blogging (129-146);
Daniel Ashton, Karen Patel: Vlogging Careers: Everyday Expertise, Collaboration and Authenticity (147-169);
Johanna Koroma, Matti Vartiainen: From Presence to Multipresence: Mobile Knowledge Workers' Densified Hours (171-200);
Iva Josefssonn: Affectual Demands and the Creative Worker: Experiencing Selves and Emotions in the Creative Organisation (201-217);
Silvia Ivaldi, Ivana Pais, Giuseppe Scaratti: Coworking(s) in the Plural: Coworking Spaces and New Ways of Managing (219-241);
Part III Transitions and Transformations ;
Kori Allan: 'Investment in Me': Uncertain Futures and Debt in the Intern Economy (245-263);
Hanna-Mari Ikonen: Letting Them Get Close: Entrepreneurial Work and the New Normal (265-283);
Elin Vadelius: Self-Employment in Elderly Care: A Way to Self-Fulfilment or Self-Exploitation for Professionals? (285-308);
Ingrid Biese, Marta Choroszewicz: Creating Alternative Solutions for Work: Expertences of Women Managers and Lawyers in Poland and the USA (309-325);
Stephanie Taylor: Beyond Work? New Expectations and Aspirations (327-345). -
Literaturhinweis
Do firms demand temporary workers when they face workload fluctuation?: cross-country firm-level evidence (2017)
Zitatform
Dräger, Vanessa & Paul Marx (2017): Do firms demand temporary workers when they face workload fluctuation? Cross-country firm-level evidence. In: ILR review, Jg. 70, H. 4, S. 942-975. DOI:10.1177/0019793916687718
Abstract
"The growth of temporary employment is one of the most important transformations of labor markets in the past decades. Theoretically, firms' exposure to short-term workload fluctuations is a major determinant of employing temporary workers when employment protection for permanent workers is high. The authors investigate this relationship empirically with establishment-level data in a broad comparative framework. They create two novel data sets by merging 1) data on 18,500 European firms with 2) measures of labor-market institutions for 20 countries. Results show that fluctuations increase the probability of hiring temporary workers by 8 percentage points in countries with strict employment protection laws. No such effect is observed in countries with weaker employment protections. Results are robust to subgroups, subsamples, and alternative estimation strategies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social protection of marginal part-time, self-employment and secondary jobs in the Netherlands (2017)
Zitatform
Vonk, Gijsbert & Annette Jansen (2017): Social protection of marginal part-time, self-employment and secondary jobs in the Netherlands. (WSI study 09), Düsseldorf, 44 S.
Abstract
"In many European countries, marginal part-time, (solo-) self-employment and secondary jobs has been increasing since the last decades. The ques-tion about the provision of social protection and labour legislation for these types of employment is the starting point for a project entitled 'Hybrid work-ing arrangements in Europe', directed by the WSI. Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Poland, Italy, Denmark and Austria comprise the group of countries selected in order to investigate 'hybrid work' in the context of different welfare state regimes. The following paper by Gijsbert Vonk and Annette Jansen is one of the seven country studies that describe in detail labour law regulations and the national insurance systems for self-employed, secondary jobs and marginal part-time employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Rolle befristeter Beschäftigung in Europa (2016)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald & Julia Bredtmann (2016): Die Rolle befristeter Beschäftigung in Europa. In: Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik, Jg. 65, H. 3, S. 270-298. DOI:10.1515/zfwp-2016-0017
Abstract
"Befristete Verträge werden in vielen Ländern der Europäischen Union als Instrument, Arbeitsmärkte flexibel zu gestalten, eingesetzt. Ein internationaler Vergleich zeigt, dass die befristete Beschäftigung nur bedingt die Durchlässigkeit der Arbeitsmärkte unterstützt. Zwar erleichtert sie teilweise den Arbeitsmarktzugang, führt aber auch zu instabilen Beschäftigungsverhältnissen und segmentierten Arbeitsmärkten, die mit einer geringen Sprungbrettfunktion der befristeten Beschäftigung einhergehen. Um nachhaltige Beschäftigung zu schaffen, erscheinen Reformen des Kündigungsschutzes, die Übergange in reguläre Jobs erleichtern, sowie Investitionen in Aus- und Weiterbildung als sinnvolle Alternativen" (Autorenreferat, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Reworking labour practices: on the agency of unorganized mobile migrant construction workers (2016)
Zitatform
Berntsen, Lisa (2016): Reworking labour practices. On the agency of unorganized mobile migrant construction workers. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 30, H. 3, S. 472-488. DOI:10.1177/0950017015617687
Abstract
"In an attempt to probe the nuanced processes of non-unionization, this article analyses the agency of migrant construction workers and the ways they negotiate and navigate an increasingly flexible and pan-European labour market. Drawing upon qualitative interview data, the article argues that the precarious employment context limits opportunities for effective collective action (and unionization), and that workers employ a wide range of strategies to 'get by' and 'get ahead' instead. This analysis contributes to an understanding of the resilience of current employment relations by extending the discussion of agency with the category of reworking. Instead of challenging the way cross-border employment relations are organized, migrant construction workers employ various strategies that rework existing conditions to their advantage. On a broader scale, however, these practices contribute to the continuation of current employment relations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Parenthood, child care, and nonstandard work schedules in Europe (2016)
Zitatform
Bünning, Mareike & Matthias Pollmann-Schult (2016): Parenthood, child care, and nonstandard work schedules in Europe. In: European Societies, Jg. 18, H. 4, S. 295-314. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2016.1153698
Abstract
"An increasing proportion of the European labor force works in the evening, at night or on weekends. Because nonstandard work schedules are associated with a number of negative outcomes for families and children, parents may seek to avoid such schedules. However, for parents with insufficient access to formal child care, working nonstandard hours or days may be an adaptive strategy used to manage child-care needs. It enables 'split-shift' parenting, where parents work alternate schedules, allowing one of the two to be at home looking after the children. This study examines the prevalence of nonstandard work schedules among parents and nonparents in 22 European countries. Specifically, we ask whether the provision of formal child care influences the extent to which parents of preschool-aged children work nonstandard schedules. Using data from the European Social Survey and multilevel models, we find evidence that the availability of formal child care reduces nonstandard work among parents. This indicates that access to formal child care enables parents to work standard schedules. To the extent that nonstandard work schedules are negatively associated with child wellbeing, access to formal child care protects children from the adverse effects of their parents' evening and night work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Hanging in, but only just: part-time employment and in-work poverty throughout the crisis (2016)
Zitatform
Horemans, Jeroen, Ive Marx & Brian Nolan (2016): Hanging in, but only just. Part-time employment and in-work poverty throughout the crisis. In: IZA journal of European Labor Studies, Jg. 5, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1186/s40174-016-0053-6
Abstract
"The crisis has deepened pre-existing concerns regarding low-wage and non-standard employment. Countries where unemployment increased most strongly during the crisis period also saw part-time employment increasing, particularly involuntary part-time work. With involuntary part-time workers, as a particular group of underemployed, facing especially high poverty rates, this was accompanied by an increase, on average, in the poverty risk associated with working part-time. However, this was not reflected in a marked increase in the overall in-work poverty rate because full-time work remains dominant and its poverty risk did not change markedly. The household context is of the essence when considering policy implications." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The structure of the permanent job wage premium: evidence from Europe (2016)
Zitatform
Kahn, Lawrence M. (2016): The structure of the permanent job wage premium. Evidence from Europe. In: Industrial relations, Jg. 55, H. 1, S. 149-178. DOI:10.1111/irel.12129
Abstract
"Using longitudinal data on individuals from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) for thirteen countries during 1995-2001, I investigate the wage premium for permanent jobs relative to temporary jobs. The countries are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom. I find that among men the wage premium for a permanent vs. temporary job is lower for older workers and native born workers; for women, the permanent job wage premium is lower for older workers and those with longer job tenure. Moreover, there is some evidence that among immigrant men, the permanent job premium is especially high for those who migrated from outside the European Union. These findings all suggest that the gain to promotion into permanent jobs is indeed higher for those with less experience in the domestic labor market. In contrast to the effects for the young and immigrants, the permanent job pay premium is slightly smaller on average for women than for men, even though on average women have less experience in the labor market than men do. It is possible that women even in permanent jobs are in segregated labor markets. But as noted, among women, the permanent job wage premium is higher for the young and those with less current tenure, suggesting that even in the female labor market, employers pay attention to experience differences." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mothers' non-standard working and childcare-related challenges: a comparison between lone and coupled mothers (2016)
Zitatform
Moilanen, Sanna, Vanessa May, Eija Räikkönen, Eija Sevón & Marja-Leena Laakso (2016): Mothers' non-standard working and childcare-related challenges. A comparison between lone and coupled mothers. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 36, H. 1/2, S. 36-52. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-11-2014-0094
Abstract
"Purpose
- The purpose of this paper is to particularly focus on lone-mother families, comparing the childcare-related challenges experienced by working lone mothers and coupled mothers in three European countries in the context of a 24/7 economy and non-standard working hours (e.g. evening, night and weekend work).
Design/methodology/approach
- This study utilises survey data from Finnish, Dutch and British working mothers (n=1,106) collected as part of the 'Families 24/7' research project. Multivariate regression analysis is used to analyse the associations between childcare-related challenges, maternal non-standard working, lone motherhood and country of residence.
Findings
- The results indicated similar results across the three countries by showing that working lone mothers experience childcare-related challenges more often compared with coupled mothers. Furthermore, an increase in maternal non-standard working associated positively with increased childcare-related challenges in both lone mother and coupled families but lone motherhood did not moderate this association. The findings suggest that, regardless of family form, families in all three countries struggle with childcare arrangements when the mother works during non-standard hours. This possibly relates to the inadequate provision of state-subsidised and flexible formal childcare during non-standard hours and to the country-specific maternal work hours cultures.
Originality/value
- This study responds to the need for comparative research on the reconciliation of maternal non-standard working and childcare with self-collected data from three European welfare states. The importance of the study is further highlighted by the risks posed to the maintenance of maternal employment and family well-being when reconciliation of work and childcare is unsuccessful, especially in lone-mother families." (Author's abstract, © Emerald Group) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Dualization or liberalization?: Investigating precarious work in eight European countries (2016)
Zitatform
Prosser, Thomas (2016): Dualization or liberalization? Investigating precarious work in eight European countries. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 30, H. 6, S. 949-965. DOI:10.1177/0950017015609036
Abstract
"A recent upsurge in the incidence of precarious work in Europe necessitates fresh examination of the origins of this trend. On the basis of field research in eight European countries and with reference to theories of liberalization and dualization, the factors that drive precarious work in discrete European labour markets are thus investigated. It is discovered that, while a structural-demographic factor such as non-compliance with labour law is a notable progenitor of precarious work, the deregulatory strategies of public authorities are particularly significant drivers. In conclusion it is asserted that although the theory of dualization helps explain developments in conservative-corporatist countries, in Anglophone and Mediterranean countries liberalization theory is generally more apposite. Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries emerge as a hybrid case." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Atypische Beschäftigung in Europa: Herausforderungen für die Alterssicherung und die gewerkschaftliche Interessenvertretung (2016)
Schulze Buschoff, Karin;Zitatform
Schulze Buschoff, Karin (2016): Atypische Beschäftigung in Europa. Herausforderungen für die Alterssicherung und die gewerkschaftliche Interessenvertretung. (WSI study 01), Düsseldorf, 57 S.
Abstract
"- Mehr als ein Drittel der europäischen Erwerbstätigen arbeiten inzwischen in 'atypischen' Beschäftigungsformen, Tendenz steigend. Insofern bereits 'normal' geworden sind beispielsweise in den Niederlanden die Teilzeitbeschäftigung, in Italien die Solo-Selbstständigkeit und in Polen die befristete Beschäftigung sowie Werkverträge.
- Die Einkommen von atypisch Beschäftigten liegen in der Regel unter dem Durchschnitt. Atypisch beschäftigt sind vor allem Frauen. Nur im Bereich der Solo-Selbstständigkeit sind die Männer in der Mehrzahl, Frauen holen jedoch auch hier auf.
- Atypische Beschäftigungen sind mit einer hohen Dynamik, das heißt einer Vielzahl von Übergangen von einer Beschäftigungsform zu einer anderen, sowie einem erhöhten Arbeitslosigkeitsrisiko und entsprechend diskontinuierlichem Einkommen verbunden. Dies hat besondere Implikationen für die soziale Sicherung, vor allem für die Alterssicherung.
- Vor diesem Hintergrund erscheinen Alterssicherungssysteme überlegen, die unabhängig von der Erwerbsbiografie eine (armutsvermeidende) Grundsicherung gewährleisten (gute Beispiele Niederlande und Dänemark, schlechtes Beispiel Großbritannien). Zunehmend problematisch werden staatliche Alterssicherungssysteme, die sich stark am Äquivalenzprinzip orientieren, beitragsbezogen und versicherungsbasiert sind (Polen, Italien und Deutschland).
- Gewerkschaftliche Vertretungsrechte für 'atypisch Beschäftigte' sind oftmals rechtlich eingeschränkt, nicht nur in Programmländern der Troika wurden sie in den letzten Jahren noch weiter reduziert. In jüngerer Zeit lassen sich jedoch eine Anzahl von erfolgversprechenden gewerkschaftlichen Strategien im Umgang mit atypischer und oftmals prekärer Beschäftigung identifizieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku) -
Literaturhinweis
Non-standard employment in post-industrial labour markets: an occupational perspective (2015)
Zitatform
Eichhorst, Werner & Paul Marx (Hrsg.) (2015): Non-standard employment in post-industrial labour markets. An occupational perspective. Cheltenham: Elgar, 435 S. DOI:10.4337/9781781001721
Abstract
"Examining the occupational variation within non-standard employment, this book combines case studies and comparative writing to illustrate how and why alternative occupational employment patterns are formed.
Non-standard employment has grown significantly in most developed economies, varying between countries. Different institutional settings have been deemed accountable for this variation, although inadequate consideration has been given to differences within national labour markets. Through an occupational perspective, this book contends that patterns of non-standard employment are shaped by flexibility in hiring and firing practices and the dispensability of workers' skills. The framework integrates explanations based on labour market regulation, industrial relations and skill supply, filling the gaps in previous scholastic research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Fixed-term contracts : short-term blessings or long-term scars ? empirical findings from the Netherlands 1980 - 2000 (2015)
Zitatform
Mooi-Reci, Irma & Ronald Dekker (2015): Fixed-term contracts : short-term blessings or long-term scars ? empirical findings from the Netherlands 1980 - 2000. In: BJIR, Jg. 53, H. 1, S. 112-135. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12024
Abstract
"Using a comprehensive longitudinal dataset of prime-age Dutch workers over the period 1980 - 2000, we examine how a previously held job with a fixed-term contract influences both the likelihood and the duration of a future spell of unemployment. Analyses show that Dutch workers with fixed-term contracts experience higher risks of future unemployment and have no shorter spells of unemployment compared to workers with regular contracts. Results also reveal that swifter employment re-entries among men with fixed-term contracts can be explained by their job search efforts before unemployment. Our study (partly) invalidates theoretical positions that claim that fixed-term contracts foster employment security by shortening unemployment durations; suggesting that fixed-term contracts are a short-term blessing that could end, for some workers, in a recurrent unemployment trap." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Flexiblework and immigration in Europe (2015)
Zitatform
Raess, Damian & Brian Burgoon (2015): Flexiblework and immigration in Europe. In: BJIR, Jg. 53, H. 1, S. 94-111. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12022
Abstract
"Immigration has risen substantially in many European economies, with farreaching if still uncertain implications for labour markets and industrial relations. This article investigates such implications, focusing on employment flexibility, involving both 'external flexibility' (fixed-term or temporary agency and/or involuntary part-time work) and 'internal flexibility' (overtime and/or balancing-time accounts). The article identifies reasons why immigration should generally increase the incidence of such flexibility, and why external flexibility should rise more than internal flexibility. The article supports these claims using a dataset of establishments in 16 European countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
"Atypische Beschäftigung" wird normal, aber haben die Rentensysteme bereits reagiert?: ein Vergleich von sechs europäischen Ländern (2015)
Schulze Buschoff, Karin;Zitatform
Schulze Buschoff, Karin (2015): "Atypische Beschäftigung" wird normal, aber haben die Rentensysteme bereits reagiert? Ein Vergleich von sechs europäischen Ländern. (Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. Perspektive), Berlin, 9 S.
Abstract
"- Mehr als ein Drittel der europäischen Erwerbstätigen arbeiten inzwischen in 'atypischen ' Beschäftigungsformen, Tendenz steigend. Insofern bereits 'normal' geworden sind beispielsweise in den Niederlanden die Teilzeitbeschäftigung, in Italien die Solo-Selbstständigkeit und in Polen die befristete Beschäftigung sowie Werkverträge.
- Die Einkommen von atypisch Beschäftigten liegen in der Regel unter dem Durchschnitt. Atypisch beschäftigt sind vor allem Frauen. Nur im Bereich der Solo-Selbstständigkeit sind die Männer in der Mehrzahl, Frauen holen jedoch auch hier auf.
- Atypische Beschäftigungen sind mit einer hohen Dynamik, das heißt einer Vielzahl von Übergängen von einer Beschäftigungsform zu einer anderen, einem erhöhten Arbeitslosigkeitsrisiko und entsprechend diskontinuierlichem Einkommen verbunden. Dies hat besondere Implikationen für die soziale Sicherung, vor allem für die Alterssicherung.
- Vor diesem Hintergrund erscheinen Alterssicherungssysteme überlegen, die unabhängig von der Erwerbsbiografie eine (armutsvermeidende ) Grundsicherung gewährleisten (gute Beispiele Niederlande und Dänemark, schlechtes Beispiel Großbritannien). Zunehmend problematisch werden staatliche Alterssicherungssysteme, die sich stark am Äquivalenzprinzip orientieren, beitragsbezogen und versicherungsbasiert sind (Polen, Italien und Deutschland).
- Gewerkschaftliche Vertretungsrechte für 'atypisch Beschäftigte' sind oftmals rechtlich eingeschränkt, nicht nur in Programmländern der Troika wurden sie in den letzten Jahren noch weiter reduziert. In jüngerer Zeit lassen sich jedoch eine Anzahl von erfolgversprechenden gewerkschaftlichen Strategien im Umgang mit atypischer und oftmals prekärer Beschäftigung identifizieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)Weiterführende Informationen
English version -
Literaturhinweis
Consequences of flexible employment at labour market entry for early career development in the Netherlands (2014)
Zitatform
Lange, Marloes de, Maurice Gesthuizen & Maarten Hendrik Jan Wolbers (2014): Consequences of flexible employment at labour market entry for early career development in the Netherlands. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 35, H. 3, S. 413-434. DOI:10.1177/0143831X13485878
Abstract
"In this article it is investigated to what extent flexible employment at labour market entry negatively affects the early career of school-leavers in the Netherlands in the period 1986 - 2008. Additionally, the question is raised to what extent educational differences exist in this relationship. To answer these questions, Dutch panel data from the OSA Labour Supply Panel are analysed. The results correspond with previous findings from studies on other European countries, supporting the stepping-stone rather than the entrapment hypothesis. A flexible start in the Dutch labour market increases the likelihood of repeated flexible employment and unemployment in the early career, and coincides with less occupational status development and income growth. However, the detrimental effects of flexible employment at labour market entry are only temporary and diminish after some years. Furthermore, no evidence is found for the existence of educational differences in the negative effects of flexible employment at labour market entry." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job insecurity and well-being in the temporary workforce: testing volition and contract expectations as boundary conditions (2013)
Zitatform
Bernhard-Oettel, Claudia, Thomas Rigotti, Michael Clinton & Jeroen de Jong (2013): Job insecurity and well-being in the temporary workforce. Testing volition and contract expectations as boundary conditions. In: European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Jg. 22, H. 2, S. 203-217. DOI:10.1080/1359432X.2011.647409
Abstract
"This study investigates whether temporary contract volition and workers' expectations for contract renewal are boundary conditions to explain differences in temporary workers' job insecurity feelings and well-being. It is hypothesized that (1) low volition through higher job insecurity indirectly associates with lower well-being and that (2) temporary workers' expectations of contract renewal weakens the links between both low volition and high job insecurity and high job insecurity and impaired well-being. Results based on an international data set of 1755 temporary workers employed in the education, manufacturing, and service sectors supported the first hypothesis and partly also the second. More specifically, low preferences for temporary contracts associated via higher job insecurity with lower job satisfaction, impaired health, and higher irritation. Contract expectations placed a boundary condition upon this indirect relation; however, the negative association between high job insecurity and impaired well-being was not weakened but strengthened. In conclusion, particularly temporary workers with low contract volition and high job insecurity feelings, who have high expectations for contract renewal are at risk for impaired well-being. Hence, this study sheds light onto the question how volition for temporary work and expected contract renewal relate to job insecurity and associate with individual well-being." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Part-time jobs: what women want? (2013)
Zitatform
Booth, Alison L. & Jan C. van Ours (2013): Part-time jobs: what women want? In: Journal of population economics, Jg. 26, H. 1, S. 263-283. DOI:10.1007/s00148-012-0417-9
Abstract
"Part-time jobs are common among partnered women in many countries. There are two opposing views on the efficiency implications of so many women working part-time. The negative view is that part-time jobs imply wastage of resources and underutilization of investments in human capital since many part-time working women are highly educated. The positive view is that, without the existence of part-time jobs, female labor force participation would be substantially lower since women confronted with the choice between a full-time job and zero working hours would opt for the latter. In the Netherlands, the majority of partnered working women have a part-time job. Our paper investigates, from a supply-side perspective, if the current situation of abundant part-time work in the Netherlands is likely to be a transitional phase that will culminate in many women working full-time. Our main results indicate that partnered women in part-time work have high levels of job satisfaction, a low desire to change their working hours, and live in partnerships in which household production is highly gendered. Taken together, our results suggest that part-time jobs are what most Dutch women want." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Drivers of freelance career success (2013)
Zitatform
Born, Arjan van den & Arjen van Witteloostuijn (2013): Drivers of freelance career success. In: Journal of organizational behavior, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. 24-46. DOI:10.1002/job.1786
Abstract
"Recent evidence shows that the frequently proclaimed collapse of the traditional career model is actually not supported by job tenure data. This paper argues that the observed stability of job tenure might be explained by an increasing number of shamrock organizations. This organizational form has three types of workers: core employees, professional freelancers, and routine workers. In such an organization, two very different career models coexist. The organization largely determines the career of the core employee, whereas the individual essentially shapes that of the professional freelancer. This paper studies extensively the career of this second group: the professional freelancer, a growing phenomenon in many developed countries but not yet the focus of many career studies. We develop a freelance career success model on basis of the intelligent career framework augmented by insights from literature on entrepreneurship. Data are from a web survey with responses from about 1600 independent professionals in the Netherlands, in combination with 51 in-depth interviews. We provide two main contributions. First, we report findings from the first large-scale quantitative study into freelance career success. Second, this study enhances our understanding of the success of the modern career by building bridges between career and entrepreneurship literatures. We conclude that the external environment in which an individual freelancer operates is the most important factor determining career success. The study therefore suggests that more work needs to be performed on the relationship between the environment and individual career success." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fixed-term contracts, economic conjuncture, and training opportunities: a comparative analysis across European labour markets (2013)
Zitatform
Cutuli, Giorgio & Raffaele Guetto (2013): Fixed-term contracts, economic conjuncture, and training opportunities. A comparative analysis across European labour markets. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 29, H. 3, S. 616-629. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcs011
Abstract
"Our work aims to bring together two research fields: the debate concerning different labour market flexibilization strategies and the determinants of training chances. The purpose of our work is therefore to assess the trade-off between temporary employment and training opportunities in a comparative analysis of three groups of countries characterized by different levels of labour market segmentation and training coverage. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the 2008 economic downturn in shaping training opportunities for contingent workers. Our research questions are investigated using three pooled rounds of the European Social Survey (2004, 2006, and 2008). While regression analyses partially confirm the negative effects of fixed-term contracts (FTCs) on training opportunities, a counterfactual analysis shows a retrenchment in training provisions among temporary workers only in strongly segmented labour markets, where FTCs constitute a more homogeneous marginal group, highly stratified in terms of age, gender, unemployment experience, and social class." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Precarisation of project work in the construction industry and trade union strategies for employees' representation (2013)
Hellmann-Theurer, Marion Felix;Zitatform
Hellmann-Theurer, Marion Felix (2013): Precarisation of project work in the construction industry and trade union strategies for employees' representation. In: Industrielle Beziehungen, Jg. 20, H. 2, S. 162-172.
Abstract
Die Beschäftigung im Baugewerbe ist durch eine schwankende Arbeitsnachfrage aufgrund ihrer Projektbezogenheit gekennzeichnet. Kurzfristige und prekäre Arbeitsverhältnisse nehmen überall auf der Welt zu. Hierzu gehören informelle Tätigkeiten, Leiharbeit, Scheinselbstständigkeit und eine große Anzahl von Subunternehmern. Mit den Auswirkungen dieser Prekarisierung auf den Schutz und die Interessenvertretung der betroffenen Arbeitnehmer beschäftigt sich die Bau- und Holzarbeiter Internationale (BHI), ein globaler Gewerkschaftsverbund freier und demokratischer Gewerkschaften des Baugewerbes, der Baumaterialwirtschaft, des Holzgewerbes, der Forstwirtschaft und einschlägiger Wirtschaftszweige. Sie plädiert für starke Gewerkschaften, die ihre Angehörigen vor prekären Arbeitssituationen schützen. Ebenso sind Gesetze erforderlich, die eine gewerkschaftliche Interessenvertretung erlauben, inklusive Tarifverhandlungen. Der Beitrag enthält Beispiele für gewerkschaftliche Organisationen und Aktionen in folgenden Ländern: Niederlande, Ukraine, Südkorea, Hongkong, Namibia, Südafrika, Schweiz, Panama, Indien und Indonesien. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
United in precarious employment?: employment precarity of young couples in the Netherlands, 1992-2007 (2013)
Lange, Marloes de; Ultee, Wout C.; Wolbers, Maarten H. J.;Zitatform
Lange, Marloes de, Maarten H. J. Wolbers & Wout C. Ultee (2013): United in precarious employment? Employment precarity of young couples in the Netherlands, 1992-2007. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 29, H. 3, S. 503-516. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcr093
Abstract
"The trend towards labour market flexibilization in advanced economies since the 1990s is associated with more employment insecurity. This study examines to what extent employment flexibility among young people in the Netherlands is related to employment flexibility or unemployment of the partner, between 1992 and 2007. In addition, we aim to explain this relationship. Multinomial logistic regression models are estimated using 16 cross-sections of the Dutch Labor Force Survey (1992-2007), including 87,204 young couples. The results show that there is a positive relationship between precarious employment of two partners and that this can be explained by the mechanism of assortative mating (i.e. people select partners that are alike with respect to characteristics like education, age and ethnicity, and, these characteristics relate at the individual level with employment situation) and through partner effects (i.e. partners can be considered as providers of skills, knowledge, and network resources that add up to one's own labour market resources to which one has access)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of temporary employment and employment protection on labour productivity: evidence from an industry-level panel of EU countries (2013)
Zitatform
Lisi, Domenico (2013): The impact of temporary employment and employment protection on labour productivity. Evidence from an industry-level panel of EU countries. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 46, H. 2, S. 119-144., 2013-01-01. DOI:10.1007/s12651-013-0127-0
Abstract
"In den letzten Jahren ermöglichten neue, auf Branchenebene verfügbare Daten eine genauere Evaluation des Einflusses der Arbeitsmarktpolitik als frühere ländervergleichende Analysen. In diesem Aufsatz wird ein branchenspezifisches Panel genutzt, um den Einfluss des Kündigungsschutzes auf befristete und unbefristete Arbeitsverhältnisse in den EU-Ländern zu ermitteln. Die Vorteile dieser Datengrundlage sind vielfältig. Die Methode nutzt sowohl die internationale Variation beim Kündigungsschutz für befristete und unbefristete Arbeitsverhältnisse als auch die Variation von Branche zu Branche. Im Unterschied zur bisherigen Literatur wenden wir die Idee der unterschiedlichen Bindungskraft des Kündigungsschutzes nur für unbefristete Beschäftigungsverhältnisse an, während wir für befristete Beschäftigungsverhältnisse eine andere Strategie anwenden, die eine genauere Identifikation des Effekts unbefristeter Beschäftigungsverhältnisse auf die Arbeitsproduktivität ermöglicht. Die theoretische Literatur erlaubt noch keine klare Vorhersage zum Vorzeichen dieses Effekts, da unterschiedliche überzeugende Gründe für Effekte in beide Richtungen bestehen. Daher haben die Ergebnisse der Analyse möglicherweise wichtige politische Implikationen. Unsere Haupterkenntnis ist, dass befristete Verträge einen negativen, wenn auch sehr geringen Effekt auf die Arbeitsproduktivität haben. Desweiteren bestätigt die Analyse, dass Kündigungsschutz bei regulären Arbeitsverträgen das Wachstum der Arbeitsproduktivität in den Branchen drosselt, die auf eine stärkere Beschäftigungsallokation angewiesen sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Part-time work and work norms in the Netherlands (2013)
Zitatform
Wielers, Rudi & Dennis Raven (2013): Part-time work and work norms in the Netherlands. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 29, H. 1, S. 105-113. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcr043
Abstract
"We argue that in the Netherlands, due to the growth of part-time work, work norms have declined. The mechanism behind this norm change is in the changed organization of family life. The increased labour market participation of women has put the traditional organization of family life under pressure. Working mothers in the Netherlands opt for part-time jobs, thus sacrificing career opportunities for family life. Working fathers also have to trade-off hours, because a greater contribution to family life is expected from them. This implies that work norms are supported less by both women and men in their redefined roles than in their traditional roles. The hypotheses that follow from this argument are tested in multilevel regression analysis on the OSA Labour Supply Panel surveys for the period 1988 - 2002. The tests show that part-time working women and their partners adhere less to the work obligation norm than breadwinners and housewives. Adherence to the work obligation norm among parents has decreased with the growth of part-time work. Among non-parents, support for the norm has decreased too, but less than among parents. Our analyses show that, due to the growth of part-time work, the traditional division of labour is no longer predominant, and, as a result, the traditional work ethic is declining." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Compensation of on-call and fixed-term employment: the role of uncertainty (2012)
Graaf-Zijl, Marloes de;Zitatform
Graaf-Zijl, Marloes de (2012): Compensation of on-call and fixed-term employment. The role of uncertainty. In: The Manchester School, Jg. 80, H. 1, S. 6-27. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9957.2011.02248.x
Abstract
"This paper analyses the compensation of fixed-term and on-call employment contracts, applying an analytical framework in which wage differentials result from two types of uncertainty. Quantity uncertainty originates from product demand volatility. Quality uncertainty, on the other hand, originates from the fact that employers are ex-ante unable to observe fully a worker's ability. Using matching techniques, we analyse wage differentials using linked employer - employee data for the Netherlands. Findings indicate that on-call workers receive compensation for providing quantity flexibility, or at least did so before the regulatory change in 1999. Compensation of fixed-term contracts, however, is dominated by the negative wage effect of quality uncertainty." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary jobs and job search effort in Europe (2012)
Zitatform
Kahn, Lawrence M. (2012): Temporary jobs and job search effort in Europe. In: Labour economics, Jg. 19, H. 1, S. 113-128. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2011.09.001
Abstract
"Using longitudinal data on individuals from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) for eleven countries during 1995 - 2001, I investigate temporary job contract duration and job search effort. The countries are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. I construct a search model for workers in temporary jobs which predicts that shorter duration raises search intensity. Calibration of the model to the ECHP data implies that at least 75% of the increase in search intensity over the life of a 2+ year temporary contract occurs in the last six months of the contract. I then estimate regression models for search effort that control for human capital, pay, local unemployment, and individual and time fixed effects. I find that workers on temporary jobs indeed search harder than those on permanent jobs. Moreover, search intensity increases as temporary job duration falls, and roughly 84% of this increase occurs on average in the shortest duration jobs. These results are robust to disaggregation by gender and by country. These empirical results are noteworthy, since it is not necessary to assume myopia or hyperbolic discounting in order to explain them, although the data clearly also do not rule out such explanations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The European world of temporary employment (2012)
Zitatform
Lancker, Wim Van (2012): The European world of temporary employment. In: European Societies, Jg. 14, H. 1, S. 83-111. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2011.638082
Abstract
"Departing from growing concerns about in-work poverty and the proliferation of flexible employment, we investigate the association between temporary employment and poverty in a European comparative perspective. In doing so, we focus specifically on possible gender dimensions, because some are concerned that the impact of flexible employment on income security will be different for men and women and that gender inequality will increase. By means of a logistic multilevel model, we analyse recent EU-SILC data for 24 European countries. The results show that the temporarily employed have a higher poverty risk vis-à-vis permanent workers, mainly caused by lower wages. However, the risk factors to become working poor are similar. The poorly educated, young workers and those living in a single earner household with dependent children have an increased probability to live in poverty, whether they are employed on temporary or permanent basis. Differences between European welfare regimes demonstrate that policy constellations influence the magnitude of these risk factors. Counter-intuitively, temporary working women have a lower poverty risk than their male counterparts. They are better protected because they are more often secondary earners in a dual earning household, while men are more often primary earners. This article advances knowledge on the linkages between temporary employment, economic insecurity and gender differences in European welfare states." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Stepping stones for the unemployed: The effect of temporary jobs on the duration until (regular) work (2011)
Zitatform
Graaf-Zijl, Marloes de, Gerard J. van den Berg & Arjan Heyma (2011): Stepping stones for the unemployed: The effect of temporary jobs on the duration until (regular) work. In: Journal of population economics, Jg. 24, H. 1, S. 107-139. DOI:10.1007/s00148-009-0287-y
Abstract
"Transitions from unemployment into temporary work are often succeeded by a transition from temporary into regular work. This paper investigates whether temporary work increases the transition rate to regular work. We use longitudinal survey data of individuals to estimate a multi-state duration model, applying the 'timing of events' approach. The data contain multiple spells in labour market states at the individual level. We analyse results using novel graphical representations, which unambiguously show that temporary jobs shorten the unemployment duration, although they do not increase the fraction of unemployed workers having regular work within a few years after entry into unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job attitudes, behaviours and well-being among different types of temporary workers in Europe and Israel (2011)
Zitatform
Gracia, Francisco J., Jose Ramos, José María Peiró, Amparo Caballer & Beatriz Sora (2011): Job attitudes, behaviours and well-being among different types of temporary workers in Europe and Israel. In: International Labour Review, Jg. 150, H. 3/4, S. 235-254. DOI:10.1111/j.1564-913X.2011.00115.x
Abstract
"Applying an innovative typology based on preference for temporary employment and perceived employability, the authors empirically examine four types of temporary workers (and a group of permanent workers for comparison). In a sample of 1,300 employees from six countries, they find significant differences between the four types on a broad set of variables - including demographic and job characteristics, attitude and insecurity - but not in life satisfaction and well-being. They conclude with an argument against the equation of temporary employment with low-skilled workers unable to find a permanent job, stressing the valuable implications of more sensitive research for policy-making on flexicurity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
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Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht