Female breadwinner – Erwerbsentscheidungen von Frauen im Haushaltskontext
Nach wie vor ist die ungleiche Verteilung von Erwerbs- und Familienarbeit zwischen den Partnern der Regelfall. Traditionelle familiäre Arrangements werden dabei durch institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen bevorzugt. Die Folge ist, dass Frauen immer noch beruflich zurückstecken - auch wenn sie den Hauptteil des Haushaltseinkommens erarbeiten und damit die Rolle der Familienernährerin übernehmen.
Dieses Themendossier widmet sich den Bedingungen und Auswirkungen der Erwerbsentscheidung von Frauen sowie empirischen Studien, die sich mit der Arbeitsteilung der Partner im Haushaltskontext befassen.
Mit dem Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
-
Literaturhinweis
When Mothers Out-Earn Fathers: Effects on Fathers' Decisions to Take Paternity and Parental Leave (2025)
Zitatform
Biasi, Paola, Maria De Paola & Francesca Gioia (2025): When Mothers Out-Earn Fathers: Effects on Fathers' Decisions to Take Paternity and Parental Leave. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17601), Bonn, 36 S.
Abstract
"This study investigates the influence of the male breadwinner norm on fathers' decisions regarding childcare responsibilities. We study the complex interplay between economic factors and gender norms in shaping the division of household labor within families by analyzing the impact a breadwinning mother has on fathers' choices regarding paternity leave (fully subsidized) and parental leave (partially or not subsidized). We exploit administrative data, provided by the Italian National Security Institute (INPS), including demographic and working characteristics of both parents together with information on the use of paternity and parental leave by fathers in the 2013-2023 period. We find that, in line with the "doing gender" hypothesis, when the leave is fully subsidized, as for paternity leave, fathers are less likely to engage in childcare when their wives earn more than they do. In contrast, this dynamic does not apply in cases of parental leave, where the economic costs of aligning with the gender norm are substantial. The effects we find are robust when replacing the actual probability of there being an out-earning mother with the potential probability and are amplified by the salience of the gender identity norm." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The Economic Costs of Men's Long Work Hours for Women: Evidence on the Gender Wage Earnings Gap from Australia and Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Doan, Tinh, Liana Leach & Lyndall Strazdins (2025): The Economic Costs of Men's Long Work Hours for Women: Evidence on the Gender Wage Earnings Gap from Australia and Germany. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 179, H. 2, S. 1073-1100. DOI:10.1007/s11205-025-03647-1
Abstract
"Women’s earnings inequality persists, despite policy efforts to reduce discrimination and gender bias. Gender gaps in earnings, however, are a function of hours worked as well as wage rates, and reflect gendered short and long work hour patterns. Within households, how partners exchange time is a crucial driver of hours worked yet this is rarely incorporated into analysis of gender earning gaps. Using a two-stage instrumental variable Oaxaca- Blinder decomposition we model earnings gaps as a function of own and partner hours on and off the job. This enables us to estimate what the gender gap in hours and earnings would look like without a gendered time ‘subsidy’ or ‘borrowing’ in the home. We studied dual-earner households in two countries, Australia and Germany, finding a weekly earnings gap of AUD$536 and €400. This was accompanied by a weekly work hour gap of 12 h in Australia and 13 in Germany. When we accounted for the influence of partner’s hours (paid or unpaid), work hour gaps reduce to 5.1 h in Australian households (58% reduction), and to 6.9 h in German (47% reduction). In effect, women would work 3 to 4 h more each week, and men’s long hours would reduce, narrowing the gender earnings gaps by 43% in Australia and 25% in Germany, if time ‘subsidies’ in the home were eliminated. Our analysis reveals the economic cost to women long work hour cultures impose." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Added Worker Effects in Canada: The Effect of Spousal Job Loss on Transitions into Employment (2025)
Zitatform
Ferrer, Ana, Yazhuo (Annie) Pan & Tammy Schirle (2025): Added Worker Effects in Canada: The Effect of Spousal Job Loss on Transitions into Employment. In: Canadian public policy, Jg. 51, H. 1, S. 16-34. DOI:10.3138/cpp.2024-012
Abstract
"We examine added worker effects in Canada using the Labour Force Survey. At the extensive margin, we find that married women who are not employed are more likely to enter employment the month after a spouse has lost a job. Spousal job loss does not affect women's transition into employment in later months, and there are no significant effects for men. The effects do not appear to represent a behavioural response to an exogenous or unexpected spousal layoff. Rather, the women most likely to move in and out of employment have spouses who are more likely to experience a layoff that the family might anticipate, and they are prepared to respond. The added worker effect is stronger for more educated women, for homeowners, and when spouses’ wages are higher. At the intensive margin, we do not see significant changes in hours worked among employed persons when their spouse loses a job." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Can Work from Home Help Balance the Parental Division of Labor? (2025)
Zitatform
Gaudecker, Hans-Martin von, Radost Holler, Lenard Simon & Christian Zimpelmann (2025): Can Work from Home Help Balance the Parental Division of Labor? (CRC TR 224 discussion paper series / EPoS Collaborative Research Center Transregio 224 661), Bonn, 22 S.
Abstract
"This study examines how the Covid-19 pandemic-induced shift towards remote work has influenced parents' allocation of non-market and market work. Utilizing a probability- based panel survey and comprehensive administrative records from the Netherlands covering the years 2014 to 2021, we demonstrate that the potential for remote work has been significantly realized only after the onset of the pandemic. Simultaneously, following a brief period of school and daycare closures, the total time parents spent on childcare returned to pre-pandemic levels. Notably, while the potential for remote work was associated with reduced childcare provision before the pandemic, this relationship reversed post-pandemic onset. We interpret this shift as an indication of increased flexibility for parents, with fathers experiencing greater gains than mothers. Consequently, the division of childcare duties has become more equitable, and mothers have increased their working hours. Our findings suggest that broader acceptance of remote work by employers could foster greater gender convergence in the intra-household division of labor." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Does the Added Worker Effect Matter? (2025)
Zitatform
Guner, Nezih, Yuliya A. Kulikova & Arnau Valladares-Esteban (2025): Does the Added Worker Effect Matter? In: Review of Economic Dynamics, Jg. 56. DOI:10.1016/j.red.2025.101271
Abstract
"In the US, the likelihood of a married woman entering the labor force in a given month increases by 60% if her husband loses his job, known as the added worker effect. However, only 1.5% to 3.5% of married women entering the labor force in a given month can be added workers. This raises the question of whether the added worker effect can significantly impact aggregate labor market outcomes. Building on Shimer (2012), we introduce a new methodology to evaluate how joint transitions of married couples across labor market states affect aggregate participation, employment, and unemployment rates. Our results show that the added worker effect significantly impacts aggregate outcomes, increasing married women's participation and employment by 0.72 and 0.65 percentage points each month. Additionally, the added worker effect reduces the cyclicality of married women's participation and unemployment, lowering the correlation between GDP's cyclical components and participation by 4.5 percentage points and unemployment by 8 percentage points." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
What about the men, though? Relative wage opportunities and the persistence of employment gaps in couples (2025)
Hammer, Luisa;Zitatform
Hammer, Luisa (2025): What about the men, though? Relative wage opportunities and the persistence of employment gaps in couples. (IAB-Discussion Paper 01/2025), Nürnberg, 63 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.DP.2501
Abstract
"Die geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede bei der Beschäftigung haben sich verringert, sind aber nach wie vor beträchtlich, insbesondere innerhalb von Paaren. Um abzuschätzen, wie sich verbesserte Lohnmöglichkeiten für Frauen auf die Beschäftigungsentscheidungen der Partner auswirken, nutze ich nachfragegesteuerte Lohnveränderungen bei Arbeitsaufgaben und deutsche Verwaltungsdaten. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Frauen positiv, wenn auch mit abnehmender Tendenz, auf relative Lohnverbesserungen reagieren, während männliche Partner als Reaktion darauf ebenfalls ihr Arbeitsangebot erhöhen. Infolgedessen verringert sich die Arbeitszeitlücke innerhalb von Paaren, schließt sich aber nicht und vergrößert sich in bestimmten Gruppen sogar. Mögliche Erklärungen für diese Muster, die auf Beckers Haushaltsmodell aufbauen, sind komparative Vorteile für Frauen sowie relative Einkommenspräferenzen und Geschlechtsidentitätsnormen für Männer." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Hammer, Luisa; -
Literaturhinweis
Winning the Bread and Baking it Too: Gendered Frictions in the Allocation of Home Production (2025)
Zitatform
Hancock, Kyle, Jeanne Lafortune & Corinne Low (2025): Winning the Bread and Baking it Too: Gendered Frictions in the Allocation of Home Production. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 33393), Cambridge, Mass, 66 S.
Abstract
"We document that female breadwinners do more home production than their male partners, driven by “housework” like cooking and cleaning. By comparing to same sex couples, we highlight that specialization within heterosexual households does not appear to be “gender neutral ” even after accounting for average earnings differences. One possible explanation would be a large comparative advantage in housework by women, a supposition commonly used to match aggregate labor supply statistics. Using a model, we show that while comparative advantage can match some stylized facts about how couples divide housework, it fails to match others, particularly that men's housework time is inelastic to relative household wages. Matching these facts requires some gendered wedge between the opportunity cost of housework time and its assignment within the household. We then turn to the implications for household formation. Gendered rigidities in the allocation of household tasks result in lower surplus for couples where women out-earn men than vice versa, providing a micro-founded reason for substantial literature showing that lower relative earning by men decreases marriage rates. We show that our mechanism —allocation of housework, rather than norms about earnings—plays a role by relating marriage rates to the ratio of home production time in US immigrants' countries of origin." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Couples' division of paid work and rising income inequality: A study of 21 OECD countries (2025)
Zitatform
Herzberg-Druker, Efrat (2025): Couples' division of paid work and rising income inequality: A study of 21 OECD countries. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 99. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101084
Abstract
"Numerous scholars have explored the association between women's changing employment patterns and the changing income inequality in recent decades. While most studies indicate that increased women's employment reduces household inequality, a few suggest the opposite effect. This research investigated whether shifts in the division of paid work (i.e., changes in the working hours) among heterosexual couples, as compared to changes in women's work alone, contribute to changes in income inequality. It also examined whether the selection of couples into the different types of division of paid work based on their level of education is a mechanism underlying the growing inequality. Based on counterfactual analyses of data from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), encompassing 21 OECD countries, the findings demonstrate shifts in couples' division of paid work, particularly the increase in fulltime dual-earner households, are associated with rising income inequality in most countries studied. However, changes in educational attainment were not found to be the mechanism underlying the association between changes in couples' division of paid work and changes in income inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Men’s and women’s aversion to female breadwinning: Linking individual attitudes to macro-level contexts (2025)
Zitatform
Lee, Sangsoo (2025): Men’s and women’s aversion to female breadwinning: Linking individual attitudes to macro-level contexts. In: Social science research, Jg. 132. DOI:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103233
Abstract
"Despite the increased prevalence of female breadwinning (i.e., marriages in which the wife outearns her husband) across the globe, our understanding of individuals’ attitudes toward such relationships remains limited. Using the seventh wave of the World Values Survey, this study examines how macro-level contexts are related to men’s and women’s aversion to female breadwinning. There are four key findings. First, men, on average, exhibit a greater aversion to female breadwinning compared to women. Second, in countries with greater macro-level gender equality, both men and women are less averse to female breadwinning. Third, in countries with higher rates of men’s unemployment, there is a wider gender gap in aversion to female breadwinning. This trend is primarily driven by men’s heightened aversion to female breadwinning in such countries, which suggests men may respond to economic uncertainty by overemphasizing their roles as primary breadwinners to bolster their endangered masculinity. Fourth, in countries with higher levels of economic development, both men and women are less averse to female breadwinning, resulting in a narrower gender gap. This study highlights the importance of linking individual attitudes toward female breadwinning to macro-level contexts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Flexible working time arrangements and work-life conflict: The role of gender and housework (2025)
Zitatform
Leshchenko, Olga & Susanne Strauss (2025): Flexible working time arrangements and work-life conflict: The role of gender and housework. In: Journal of Family Research, Jg. 37, S. 205-226. DOI:10.20377/jfr-1186
Abstract
"Fragestellung:In diesem Artikel untersuchen wir, wie die Beziehung zwischen flexiblen Arbeitszeitarrangements und dem Konflikt zwischen Erwerbsarbeit und Privatleben (work–to–life conflict) sowie zwischen Privatleben und Erwerbsarbeit (life–to–work conflict) durch eine (un)gleiche Aufteilung der Hausarbeit bei heterosexuellen Paaren moderiert wird.Hintergrund:Flexible Arbeitszeitarrangements können Arbeitnehmer/innen mehr Autonomie bei der Balance zwischen Erwerbsarbeit und Privatleben ermöglichen. Bisherige Studien haben jedoch gezeigt, dass diese Flexibilität auf geschlechtsspezifische Weise genutzt wird: Während Frauen mit flexiblen Arbeitszeitarrangements mehr Zeit für die Hausarbeit aufwenden, erhöhen Männer ihre Erwerbsarbeitszeit. Unser Artikel baut auf diesen Befunden auf und untersucht, wie die Heterogenität in der Aufteilung der Hausarbeit in Paarhaushalten die Beziehung zwischen flexiblen Arbeitszeitregelungen und Konflikten zwischen Erwerbsarbeit und Privatleben moderiert.Methode:Die Analysen basieren auf dem Deutschen Familienpanel (pairfam), Welle 12 (2019-2020) und umfassen 2.032 erwerbstätige Personen in einer Partnerschaft (1.162 Frauen und 870 Männer). Die multivariaten Analysen basieren auf linearen Regressionsmodellen.Ergebnisse:Vom Unternehmen festgelegte und autonome Arbeitszeitmodelle sind mit größeren Konflikten zwischen Erwerbsarbeit und Privatleben (work–to–life conflict) verbunden, insbesondere bei Männern, während Frauen mit vollständiger Kontrolle über ihre Arbeitszeiten seltener über Konflikte berichten. Das Ausmaß des Konflikts zwischen Privatleben und Erwerbsarbeit (life–to–work conflict) ist bei den verschiedenen Arbeitszeitmodellen ähnlich, mit Ausnahme von Frauen mit Gleitzeit, die öfter über einen Konflikt berichteten. Die Einbindung in die Hausarbeit spielt insofern eine Rolle als Frauen, die den Großteil der Hausarbeit übernehmen, bei flexiblen Arbeitszeitarrangements mit größeren Konflikten zwischen Privatleben und Erwerbsarbeit (life–to–work conflict) konfrontiert sind. Männer mit unternehmensdefinierten Arbeitszeitarrangements berichten hingegen häufiger über Konflikte in beide Richtungen (also work–to–life conflict sowie life–to–work conflict), wenn sie sich die Hausarbeit gleichberechtigt mit ihrer Partnerin teilen.Schlussfolgerung:Der Zugang zu flexiblen Arbeitszeitarrangements allein verringert die Konflikte zwischen Erwerbsarbeit und Privatleben nicht unbedingt, da die Auswirkungen sowohl vom Geschlecht als auch von der Hausarbeitsverteilung im Paarhaushalt abhängen" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
The end of polarization? Evolutions of the distribution of employment across couples in Europe over the past 40 years (2025)
Zitatform
Paugam, Guillaume (2025): The end of polarization? Evolutions of the distribution of employment across couples in Europe over the past 40 years. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 23, H. 2, S. 813-843. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwae031
Abstract
"This article revisits the claim that heterosexual couple employment participation has increasingly been polarizing in Europe between dual-jobless and dual-earning. Studying twenty-seven European countries over 4 decades, it finds that polarization has increased, but at a clearly decreasing rate. Polarization rose in the 1980s/1990s, as women joining employment then were disproportionately likely to have a male partner also employed. It has slowed-down since, as rising female employment eventually started materializing into substantial rates of female-single-earning. The article explores different potential factors behind this shift. At the macro-level, the sectoral transformation of economies and the 2008 crisis have had lasting impacts on couple employment. At the couple level, partnered women have become more educated than partnered men, fuelling the rise in female-single-earning. Amongst disadvantaged couples, dual-worklessness has decreased, but is being replaced by the clustering of non-standard employment in couples." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Exploring the Alternatives to the Male-Breadwinner Model – The Implications for Social Policy Study (2025)
Zitatform
Saxonberg, Steven (2025): Exploring the Alternatives to the Male-Breadwinner Model – The Implications for Social Policy Study. In: Social Policy and Society, Jg. 24, H. 1, S. 6-15. DOI:10.1017/S1474746424000113
Abstract
"This article begins by discussing some of the main approaches that have emerged to gender and family policy, before proceeding to discuss more modern trends. It begins by discussing institutional approaches, such as the male-breadwinner model, defamilialisation, degenderisation. Then it discusses cultural approaches, such as the national ideals of care, gendered moral rationalities, and Hakim’s preference theory. Then this article continues by briefly discussing attempts to broaden the discussion by bringing in children (including through the capabilities approach) and by adding an intersectional perspective." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
A Room of One's Own. Work from Home and the Gendered Allocation of Time (2025)
Zitatform
Senik, Claudia & Elena Stancanelli (2025): A Room of One's Own. Work from Home and the Gendered Allocation of Time. (Paris-Jourdan Science Economiques. Working paper 2025-13), Paris, 30 S.
Abstract
"The traditional specialization of men in paid work and women in housework is rooted in the spatial separation of these activities. We examine the possible consequences of the recent expansion of Work from Home (WfH) for the gendered allocation of time. We focus on the time devoted to housework by men and women who work from home versus at the workplace, before and after the Covid pandemic. Using data on several thousand workers drawn from the American Time Use Survey, we find that the gender gap in unpaid work has declined by about 27 minutes per day, i.e. by about 40% for remote workers. Among those, women now spend more time on paid work and less on unpaid work, whereas men do more household chores." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Family Income Dynamics 1970-2018: Putting the Pieces Together (2025)
Zitatform
Shiu, Ji-Liang, Sisi Zhang & Peter Gottschalk (2025): Family Income Dynamics 1970-2018: Putting the Pieces Together. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 43, H. S1, S. S123-S151. DOI:10.1086/732769
Abstract
"This paper examines the driving forces of family income dynamics by developing a unified framework to estimate permanent and transitory variation in head earnings, spouse earnings, and transfer income, as well as permanent and transitory correlations between these income sources. A complete decomposition using the PSID 1970 – 2018 shows that transitory variation in head earnings alone accounts for more than half of the total family income inequality. Insurance against transitory shocks to head earnings comes primarily from transfer income rather than spouse earnings. Both permanent and transitory variations in spouse earnings have an equalizing effect on family income inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Parenthood and Couples’ Division of Paid Labor: The Role of Prebirth Breadwinner Couple Type in European Cross-National Perspective (2024)
Zitatform
Bian, Fei, Luana Marx & Leen Vandecasteele (2024): Parenthood and Couples’ Division of Paid Labor: The Role of Prebirth Breadwinner Couple Type in European Cross-National Perspective. In: Demography, Jg. 61, H. 6, S. 1819-1844. DOI:10.1215/00703370-11675596
Abstract
"Although it is well established that parenthood affects employment decisions within households, less is known about how this effect varies across couple types in different countries. Using difference-in-differences analysis with propensity score matching and multilevel modeling with cross-level interactions, this study explores heterogeneity in the effect of parenthood on couples’ division of paid labor by prebirth relative earning power in different European contexts. The results show that the decline in the female share of couples’ paid working hours after parenthood is stronger in male main-earner couples than in equal-earner or female main-earner couples. Our cross-national findings demonstrate that institutional and cultural factors influence couples’ postparenthood employment arrangements, with the magnitude of these moderating effects dependent on the couple's prebirth relative earning pattern. Longer paid maternity and family leave for mothers exacerbates the parenthood effect on couples’ division of paid labor, whereas greater childcare provision weakens this effect. However, these policy impacts are observed only among male main-earner couples, which can be attributed to differences in opportunity costs and bargaining power across couple types. Egalitarian gender norms weaken the effect of parenthood on the paid labor division between partners regardless of the breadwinner couple type before childbirth." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Norms about parental employment in Eastern and Western Germany: Results of a factorial survey experiment (2024)
Zitatform
Bozoyan, Christiane & Claudia Schmiedeberg (2024): Norms about parental employment in Eastern and Western Germany: Results of a factorial survey experiment. In: Journal of Family Research, Jg. 36, S. 373-393. DOI:10.20377/jfr-1064
Abstract
"Objective: This study analyzes norms in Germany toward mothers’ and fathers’ work hours, with a focus on differences between Eastern and Western Germany. Background: Maternal labor force participation has increased in many Western countries, and norms toward parents’ division of paid work and care have changed over the past decades. Most literature, however, focuses on maternal labor force participation without considering paternal work hours, based on the dichotomy of a traditional male-breadwinner model versus a model with two adults working full time and comprehensive institutionalized childcare, leaving out other potential arrangements. This focus limits the understanding of differences between Eastern and Western Germany. Method: This study investigates normative judgments regarding both mothers’ and fathers’ employment in a factorial survey experiment implemented in the German Family Panel pairfam in 2019/2020 (N=6,285). Results: The analysis reveals that in Western compared to Eastern Germany shorter working hours are indicated for both fathers and mothers, and judgments regarding working hours vary more and are more affected by job-related variables (relative incomes, career prospects, and family-friendliness of employer). Conclusion: These results imply that in Western Germany, normative judgments of both parents’ work hours are mainly based on the individual level, taking the family’s specific situation into account, whereas in Eastern Germany, judgements are more strongly influenced by a general norm that both parents should work (near to) full-time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Wie viel sollten Mütter und Väter arbeiten?: Idealvorstellungen variieren in und nach der Rushhour des Lebens (2024)
Zitatform
Bujard, Martin & Leonie Kleinschrot (2024): Wie viel sollten Mütter und Väter arbeiten? Idealvorstellungen variieren in und nach der Rushhour des Lebens. In: Bevölkerungsforschung aktuell H. 1, S. 3-9.
Abstract
"Der Artikel betrachtet die Rushhour des Lebens, die durch die Doppelbelastung aus Familien- und Erwerbsarbeit für Mütter und Väter insbesondere in der Lebensphase mit kleinen Kindern entsteht. Basierend auf Daten des familiendemografischen Panels FReDA wird gezeigt, dass die von den Befragten als ideal angesehene Erwerbsarbeitszeit für Mütter mit Kindern im Alter von 4 bis 18 Jahren deutlich höher ist als deren tatsächliche Arbeitszeit. Für Väter dagegen werden geringere Erwerbsarbeitszeiten als die tatsächlich von ihnen geleisteten als ideal angesehen, vor allem mit jungen Kindern. Die Studienergebnisse haben familienpolitische und arbeitsmarktbezogene Relevanz, auch vor dem Hintergrund des Arbeitskräftemangels. Mütter könnten durch Politik und Arbeitgebende eine stärkere Unterstützung bei der schrittweisen Erhöhung ihrer Arbeitszeit mit zunehmendem Alter der Kinder erfahren. Während für Väter in der Rushhour des Lebens die Realisierung einer vollzeitnahen Teilzeit hilfreich wäre." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Marriage Market and Labor Market Sorting (2024)
Calvo, Paula; Reynoso, Ana; Lindenlaub, Ilse;Zitatform
Calvo, Paula, Ilse Lindenlaub & Ana Reynoso (2024): Marriage Market and Labor Market Sorting. In: The Review of Economic Studies, Jg. 91, H. 6, S. 3316-3361. DOI:10.1093/restud/rdae010
Abstract
"We develop a new equilibrium model in which households’ labor supply choices form the link between sorting on the marriage market and sorting on the labor market. We first show that in theory, the nature of home production—whether partners’ hours are complements or substitutes—shapes equilibrium labor supply as well as marriage and labour market sorting. We then estimate our model using German data to empirically assess the nature of home production, and find that spouses’ home hours are complements. We investigate to what extent complementarity in home hours drives sorting and inequality. We find that home production complementarity strengthens positive marriage sorting and reduces the gender gap in hours and in labor sorting. This puts significant downward pressure on the gender wage gap and on within-household income inequality, but fuels between-household inequality. Our estimated model sheds new light on the sources of inequality in today’s Germany, and—by identifying important shifts in home production technology toward more complementarity—on the evolution of inequality over time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Dividing Housework between Partners: Individual Preferences and Social Norms (2024)
Zitatform
Cavapozzi, Danilo, Marco Francesconi & Cheti Nicoletti (2024): Dividing Housework between Partners: Individual Preferences and Social Norms. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17370), Bonn, 49 S.
Abstract
"Using UK longitudinal data on dual-earner couples, this paper estimates a model of intrahousehold housework decisions, which combines a randomized experimental framework eliciting counterfactual choices with gender norms differences across ethnicities and cohorts to identify the impacts of individual preferences and gender identity norms. Equal sharing of tasks yields greater utility for both men and women, with women disliking domestic chores as much as men. Although couples would want to use housework arrangements to compensate for differentials in labor market involvement, women end up performing a substantially larger share of housework. This is not due to specialization, rather social norms play a key role. Exposure to more egalitarian gender attitudes significantly increases the probability of choosing an equal share of housework. Were attitudes evened up to the most progressive levels observed in the sample, women doing more housework than their partners would stop to be the norm already among present-day households, except for households with children." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: CESifo Working Paper Series, 11413 -
Literaturhinweis
His and hers earnings trajectories: Economic homogamy and long-term earnings inequality within and between different-sex couples (2024)
Zitatform
Dunatchik, Allison (2024): His and hers earnings trajectories: Economic homogamy and long-term earnings inequality within and between different-sex couples. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 94. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100995
Abstract
"Economic homogamy has important implications for gender inequality and for economic inequalities between households. However, the long-term association between spouses’ earnings is not well understood. This study reconceptualizes economic homogamy as a life course process rather than a static state of being that can be adequately captured at a single point in time. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, I examine the association between spouses’ earnings trajectories over the course of 30 years of marriage to identify three distinct gender egalitarian earnings patterns among couples. 50 % of couples follow a Dual earner pattern, in which spouses follow similar, stable earnings patterns over time, 6 % of couples are Jointly mobile in that spouses’ earnings vary similarly and 5 % follow an Alternating earner pattern. A large minority of couples follow patterns of long-term specialization, with 34 % of couples following male breadwinner patterns and 5 % following Female breadwinner patterns. Multivariate analysis reveals that gender egalitarian earnings patterns are stratified by couples’ socio-economic status at marriage: while advantaged couples follow Dual earner patterns comprised of two stable earners, disadvantaged couples follow egalitarian earnings patterns characterized by joint earnings instability. By taking a long-term approach, this study provides insight into the varied ways gender equality in earnings manifests among married couples and reveals an important and understudied dimension of economic homogamy: the concentration of economic stability and instability within couples." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.) ((en))