Female breadwinner – Erwerbsentscheidungen von Frauen im Haushaltskontext
Nach wie vor ist die ungleiche Verteilung von Erwerbs- und Familienarbeit zwischen den Partnern der Regelfall. Traditionelle familiäre Arrangements werden dabei durch institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen bevorzugt. Die Folge ist, dass Frauen immer noch beruflich zurückstecken - auch wenn sie den Hauptteil des Haushaltseinkommens erarbeiten und damit die Rolle der Familienernährerin übernehmen.
Diese Infoplattform widmet sich den Bedingungen und Auswirkungen der Erwerbsentscheidung von Frauen sowie empirischen Studien, die sich mit der Arbeitsteilung der Partner im Haushaltskontext befassen.
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Literaturhinweis
When mothers do it all: gender-role norms, women's employment, and fertility intentions in post-industrial societies (2024)
Zitatform
Han, Sinn Won, Ohjae Gowen & Mary C. Brinton (2024): When mothers do it all: gender-role norms, women's employment, and fertility intentions in post-industrial societies. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 40, H. 2, S. 309-325. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcad036
Abstract
"Post-industrial countries with high rates of female labour force participation have generally had low fertility rates, but recent studies demonstrate that this is no longer the case. This has generated increased attention to how greater gender equality in the private sphere of the household may contribute to a positive relationship between women’s employment rates and fertility. Building on recent scholarship demonstrating the multidimensionality of gender-role attitudes, we argue that conversely, the prevalence of a gender-role ideology that supports women’s employment but places greater priority on their role as caregivers may depress the higher-order fertility intentions of working mothers. Using data from 25 European countries, we find that this type of gender-role ideology (egalitarian familism) moderates the relationship between mothers’ full-time employment and their intention to have a second child. This holds even after accounting for key features of the policy environment that are likely to mitigate work–family conflict. The analysis suggests that conflicting normative expectations for women’s work and family roles tend to dampen working mothers’ second-order fertility intentions, independent of work–family reconciliation policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Adjustments in women's labour force participation in response to the deterioration of the labour market situation of the male partner (2024)
Zitatform
Matysiak, Anna, Anna Kurowska & Alina Maria Pavelea (2024): Adjustments in women's labour force participation in response to the deterioration of the labour market situation of the male partner. (SocArXiv papers), 86 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/bn4re
Abstract
"Earnings constitute one of the most important sources of income for most of the European families. In this context, growing instability of employment relations and the spread of nonstandard employment – which is usually less secure and less paid than standard employment – pose serious financial risks to families, especially the traditional and modernised male breadwinner couples which rely on one income. Such couples still constitute around 20%-50% of couples in the European Union. In this report, we examined one particular resilience strategy these couples may develop in case of men's entry to unemployment or involuntary nonstandard employment, namely woman's increase in her labor supply. We also investigate the role of country-specific policies in moderating her response. To this end, we conducted three empirical studies based on EU-SILC and EU LFS data which were complemented with policy indicators derived from EUROMOD and UKMOD. Our findings suggest that women living in (modernized) male breadwinner couples indeed react to the deterioration in men’s employment situation though this reaction is relatively weak. Namely, not more than 10% of women who were inactive or worked part-time prior to the deterioration of his employment situation increase their labor supply. This response is stronger in countries with better public childcare (though only in case of his entry into involuntary nonstandard employment and not unemployment) and lower marginal tax rates. Notably, it is not affected by the generosity of the social benefits." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Family dissolution and labour supply decisions over the life cycle (2019)
Cavapozzi, Danilo; Fiore, Simona; Pasini, Giacomo;Zitatform
Cavapozzi, Danilo, Simona Fiore & Giacomo Pasini (2019): Family dissolution and labour supply decisions over the life cycle. In: A. Börsch-Supan, J. Bristle, K. Andersen-Ranberg, A. Brugiavini, F. Jusot, H. Litwin & G. Weber (Hrsg.) (2019): Health and socio-economic status over the life course : First results from SHARE Waves 6 and 7, S. 149-155. DOI:10.1515/9783110617245-015
Abstract
"Our study findings suggest strong gender differences in the effect of household dissolution on employment probability. Whereas household dissolution has a negligible effect on men's employment behaviour, the employment probability of women increases by 4.4 per cent during the year of a household split and by 8.6 per cent during the year of divorce. The effect is driven by women with children. Although both household split and divorce shape women labour supply also after their occurrence, we found an anticipated effect on employment choices only for divorce. This pattern might be driven by the choice of women to undertake job search activities only after they stop living as a couple with their former partners. Finally, we consistently find lower magnitudes when looking at household splits compared with divorce, for both men and women.
The policy implication of these findings is that once within-family income support disappears because a family dissolves, those more at risk - women out of the labour force with dependent children - should be given assistance to manage their work and family responsibilities. Access to childcare services and flexible work arrangements may help smooth the consequences of family dissolution." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Learning from mum: Cross-national evidence linking maternal employment and adult children's outcomes (2019)
McGinn, Kathleen L.; Castro, Mayra Ruiz; Lingo, Elizabeth Long;Zitatform
McGinn, Kathleen L., Mayra Ruiz Castro & Elizabeth Long Lingo (2019): Learning from mum: Cross-national evidence linking maternal employment and adult children's outcomes. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 33, H. 3, S. 374-400. DOI:10.1177/0950017018760167
Abstract
"Analyses relying on two international surveys from over 100,000 men and women across 29 countries explore the relationship between maternal employment and adult daughters' and sons' employment and domestic outcomes. In the employment sphere, adult daughters, but not sons, of employed mothers are more likely to be employed and, if employed, are more likely to hold supervisory responsibility, work more hours and earn higher incomes than their peers whose mothers were not employed. In the domestic sphere, sons raised by employed mothers spend more time caring for family members and daughters spend less time on housework. Analyses provide evidence for two mechanisms: gender attitudes and social learning. Finally, findings show contextual influences at the family and societal levels: family-of-origin social class moderates effects of maternal employment and childhood exposure to female employment within society can substitute for the influence of maternal employment on daughters and reinforce its influence on sons." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Household employment and the crisis in Europe (2019)
Zitatform
Sánchez-Mira, Núria & Jacqueline O'Reilly (2019): Household employment and the crisis in Europe. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 33, H. 3, S. 422-443. DOI:10.1177/0950017018809324
Abstract
"The 2008 crisis had a significant impact on household employment in some European countries. An analysis of the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions generated a new cross-national typology of household employment structures and showed how these changed during the crisis and austerity period, capturing the experiences of high and low qualified households. Findings indicate that dual earning households are not always a consequence of gender equality but result from economic necessity or employment opportunities. The re-emergence of traditional male breadwinner households is often the result of female unemployment, especially for lower educated women. An increase in female single earners and workless households is evident in countries hit hardest by the employment crisis. The value of this cross-national typology, rooted in the interaction of educational effects and employment opportunities, is allowing comparison both within and between European countries, going beyond established typologies based on policy frameworks or gender cultures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Husband's unemployment and wife's labor supply: the added worker effect across Europe (2018)
Zitatform
Bredtmann, Julia, Sebastian Otten & Christian Rulff (2018): Husband's unemployment and wife's labor supply. The added worker effect across Europe. In: ILR review, Jg. 71, H. 5, S. 1201-1231. DOI:10.1177/0019793917739617
Abstract
"Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Anpassung des Arbeitsangebots von Frauen in Reaktion auf den Jobverlust ihres Partners, dem sog. 'Added Worker Effect'. Während sich die bisherige Literatur überwiegend auf Studien für spezifische Länder konzentriert hat, nehmen wir bewusst eine international vergleichende Perspektive ein und untersuchen, inwiefern der Added Worker Effect über die verschiedenen Wohlfahrtsstaatssysteme in Europa variiert. Unsere empirischen Analysen basieren auf Längsschnittdaten der 'European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC)' für den Zeitraum 2004 bis 2011. Für unseren aus 28 europäischen Ländern bestehenden Datensatz finden wir Evidenz für das Vorliegen eines Added Worker Effects: Frauen, deren Partner im vergangenen Jahr arbeitslos wurde, haben eine höhere Wahrscheinlichkeit, in den Arbeitsmarkt einzutreten sowie den Umfang ihrer Arbeitszeit zu erhöhen, gegeben dass sie schon am Arbeitsmarkt partizipieren. Darüber hinaus finden wir jedoch eine hohe Variation in der Existenz und der Stärke des Added Worker Effects sowohl über den Verlauf des Konjunkturzyklus als auch über die verschiedenen Wohlfahrtsstaatssysteme in Europa." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Gender norms and income misreporting within households (2018)
Roth, Anja; Slotwinski, Michaela;Zitatform
Roth, Anja & Michaela Slotwinski (2018): Gender norms and income misreporting within households. (CESifo working paper 7298), München, 30 S.
Abstract
"We revisit the prominent finding that women's incomes are disproportionally often observed just below the income of their partner. So far, this bunching has been explained by couple formation or couples' labor market decisions. We propose an additional mechanism: income misreporting in surveys. Drawing on survey and administrative data, we show that income misreporting accounts for the discontinuity in the distribution of women's relative incomes just below the point where a woman outearns her partner. This misreporting is best explained by the role of gender norms in individuals' self-portrayals and self-perception." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Taxation and labor supply of married couples across countries: a macroeconomic analysis (2017)
Zitatform
Bick, Alexander & Nicola Fuchs-Schündeln (2017): Taxation and labor supply of married couples across countries. A macroeconomic analysis. (IZA discussion paper 10504), Bonn, 39 S.
Abstract
"We document contemporaneous differences in the aggregate labor supply of married couples across 17 European countries and the US. Based on a model of joint household decision making, we quantify the contribution of international differences in non-linear labor income taxes and consumption taxes to the international differences in hours worked in the data. Through the lens of the model, taxes, together with wages and the educational composition, account for a significant part of the small differences in married men's and the large differences in married women's hours worked in the data. Taking the full nonlinearities of labor income tax codes, including the tax treatment of married couples, into account is crucial for generating the low cross-country correlation between married men's and women's hours worked in the data, and for explaining the variation of married women's hours worked across European countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: CESifo working paper , 6325 -
Literaturhinweis
Motherhood postponement and wages in Europe (2017)
Zitatform
Bratti, Massimiliano, Elena Claudia Meroni & Chiara Pronzato (2017): Motherhood postponement and wages in Europe. In: ifo DICE report, Jg. 15, H. 2, S. S, 31-37.
Abstract
Heutzutage ist es nicht ungewöhnlich, dass Frauen ihr erstes Kind erst mit 30 Jahren oder später bekommen. Auf der Grundlage von Daten des Europäischen Haushaltspanels untersuchen die Autoren die Auswirkungen einer späten Mutterschaft auf das Einkommen der Mütter im europäischen Vergleich. Dabei werden auch sozioökonomische, kulturelle und institutionelle Faktoren berücksichtigt. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich eine große Varianz bei den positiven Einkommenseffekten einer aufgeschobenen Mutterschaft. In einigen Ländern führt das Aufschieben der Mutterschaft um ein Jahr zu einem Lohnanstieg von 2,5 Prozent (Deutschland und Polen), während sich in anderen Ländern ein negativer Effekt ergibt. Einkommensgewinne durch eine spätere Mutterschaft sind größer in Ländern mit einer wenig ausgeprägten Familienpolitik und in Gesellschaften mit traditionellen Werten. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Labor force participation of women in the EU - what role do family policies play? (2017)
Gehringer, Agnieszka; Klasen, Stephan;Zitatform
Gehringer, Agnieszka & Stephan Klasen (2017): Labor force participation of women in the EU - what role do family policies play? In: Labour, Jg. 31, H. 1, S. 15-42. DOI:10.1111/labr.12085
Abstract
"We empirically study the role of different family policies in affecting women's labor market behavior in the European Union. Women tend to assume more family duties than men and, consequently, often participate less in the labor market. Family policies aim to support families in general while a particular focus is on helping women to reconcile family duties with labor market participation. Their impact, however, is not clear, especially when it comes to different forms of labor market activity. We use a static and dynamic panel econometric framework examining the link between financial support for four types of family policies and labor force participation as well as (part-time and full-time) employment. The results suggest no stable significant impact of expenditures on family policies on overall labor force participation. However, higher spending on family allowance, cash benefits, and daycare benefits appears to promote part-time employment, whereas only spending on parental leave schemes is a significant positive determinant of women's full-time employment." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Work-family conflict and well-being across Europe: The role of gender context (2017)
Hagqvist, Emma; Gadin, Katja Gillander; Nordenmark, Mikael;Zitatform
Hagqvist, Emma, Katja Gillander Gadin & Mikael Nordenmark (2017): Work-family conflict and well-being across Europe. The role of gender context. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 132, H. 2, S. 785-797. DOI:10.1007/s11205-016-1301-x
Abstract
"This study analysed whether gender context is important to differences in the relationship between work - family conflict (WFC) and well-being across Europe. We hypothesised that in countries that support equality in work life and where norms support women's employment, the relationship between WFC and low well-being is weaker than in countries with less support for gender equality. Cohabiting men and women aged 18 - 65 years from 25 European countries were selected from the European Social Survey. A multilevel analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between well-being and WFC, and two measurements were used to represent gender context: gender equality in work life and norms regarding women's employment. Contrary to the hypothesis, the results showed that the negative relationship was stronger in countries with high levels of gender equality in work life and support for women's employment than in countries with a relatively low level of gender equality in work life and support for traditional gender relations. The context in which gender is constructed may be important when studying the relationship between WFC and well-being. In addition, emphasis should be placed on policies that equalise both the labour market and the work performed at home." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The role of basic values and education on women's work and family preferences in Europe (2017)
Zitatform
Mateju, Petr, Michael L. Smith, Simona Weidnerová & Petra Anýžová (2017): The role of basic values and education on women's work and family preferences in Europe. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 37, H. 9/10, S. 494-514. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-10-2016-0117
Abstract
"Purpose
Consistent with dual-process models of behaviour, Miles (2015) has shown that Schwartz' basic values can provide a valuable framework for empirically analysing the role of values and cultural contexts in driving human behaviour. We contribute to this line of research by distinguishing individual values from macro-level values, as well as from other micro and macro conditions, in order to test whether individual values shape women's work-family orientations in ways predicted by Hakim's preference theory.
Design/methodology/approach
We make use of the second round of the European Social Survey (ESS) collected in 2004, where a battery of questions on human values and work-family preferences were posed, and apply a multilevel approach to take into account national cultural and economic conditions across 25 European countries.
Findings
In line with the dual-process model and preference theory, we show that internalized values, particularly conservatism, shape work-family orientations much more than national social and cultural conditions; in addition, the effect of women's education on work-value orientations is stronger in countries with more conservative national cultures, suggesting that education may help women overcome social barriers in the choice of their work-career preference.
Originality/value
While values may shape work-family orientations differently in non-European or less affluent cultures, these findings reveal the importance of bringing values back into the analysis of individual preferences and behaviours towards the labour market." (Author's abstract, © Emerald Group) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Differences in work - family conflict: which individual and national factors explain them? (2017)
Ollo-López, Andrea; Goni-Legaz, Salomé;Zitatform
Ollo-López, Andrea & Salomé Goni-Legaz (2017): Differences in work - family conflict. Which individual and national factors explain them? In: The international journal of human resource management, Jg. 28, H. 3, S. 499-525. DOI:10.1080/09585192.2015.1118141
Abstract
"This paper contributes to cross-cultural literature on work - family relationships by testing not only hypotheses about the impact of work and family demands and gender at individual level on work - family conflict (WFC), but also at country level. Concretely, several theories commonly used in the literature (role conflict, boundary management and social support theory) are used to analyzed how national culture dimensions affects WFC. Using information about employee residents in each of the countries interviewed in the Second European Quality of Life Survey and also GLOBE dimensions of national culture, the paper shows that the relationship between work and family demands and WFC is universal and equal phenomenon throughout Europe. In line with gender role theory, demanding and stressing work have stronger effects on women's WFC than on men's. While opposite to it, household hours also have stronger effect on women's WFC than on men's. Moreover, the paper shows that national culture affects how people perceive work - family relationships. In line with integration/segmentation hypotheses derived from boundary management theory, uncertainty avoidance decreases WFC. Moreover, in line with social support, human orientation decreases the level of WFC, especially for men. Eastern Europe and Mediterranean countries have higher levels of WFC, while Scandinavian countries are those that have lower levels of WFC." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Household production and consumption over the lifecycle: National Time Transfer Accounts in 14 European countries (2017)
Vargha, Lili; Gál, Róbert Iván; Crosby-Nagy, Michelle O.;Zitatform
Vargha, Lili, Róbert Iván Gál & Michelle O. Crosby-Nagy (2017): Household production and consumption over the lifecycle. National Time Transfer Accounts in 14 European countries. In: Demographic Research, Jg. 36, S. 905-944. DOI:10.4054/DemRes.2017.36.32
Abstract
"Background: While the importance of unpaid household labour is recognised in total economic output, little is known about the demographics of household production and consumption.
Objective: Our goal is to give a comprehensive estimation on the value of household production and its consumption by age and gender and analyse nonmarket economic transfers in 14 European countries based on publicly available harmonised data.
Methods: We introduce a novel imputation method of harmonised European time use (HETUS) data to the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) in order to assign time spent on home production to consumers in households and estimate time transfers. Moreover, monetary values are attributed to household production activities using data on earnings from the Structure of Earnings Survey (SES).
Results: We show that the nonmarket economic life cycle of men differs from that of women. The gender gap in household production is not evenly distributed over the life cycle. Women of working age contribute the most in net terms, while the main beneficiaries of household goods and services are children and to a lesser extent adult men. These patterns are similar across countries, with variations in the gender- and age-specific levels of home production and consumption.
Conclusions: In Europe, in the national economy, intergenerational flows are important in sustaining both childhood and old age. In contrast, in the household economy, intergenerational transfers flow mostly towards children.
Contribution: We add a new focus to the research on household production: While keeping the gender aspect, we demonstrate the importance of the life cycle component in household production." (Author's abstract, © Max-Planck-Institut für demographische Forschung) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Which ideas, whose norms? Comparing the relative influence of international organizations on paid maternity and parental leave policies in liberal welfare states (2017)
White, Linda A.;Zitatform
White, Linda A. (2017): Which ideas, whose norms? Comparing the relative influence of international organizations on paid maternity and parental leave policies in liberal welfare states. In: Social Politics, Jg. 24, H. 1, S. 55-80. DOI:10.1093/sp/jxw010
Abstract
"This article examines the adoption of paid maternity and parental leave policies in the liberal welfare states of Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom and investigates the domestic and international sources of policy ideas. Through comparative analysis using mainly qualitative techniques of analysis of primary and secondary sources and elite interviews, the article examines the decision-making processes in each of these jurisdictions. It finds the relative influence of international organizations to be rather limited in comparison to domestic sources of influence, including the election of leftist governments under sympathetic party leaders and in the context of human capital concerns." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fifty years of change updated: cross-national gender convergence in housework (2016)
Altintas, Evrim; Sullivan, Oriel;Zitatform
Altintas, Evrim & Oriel Sullivan (2016): Fifty years of change updated. Cross-national gender convergence in housework. In: Demographic Research, Jg. 35, S. 455-470. DOI:10.4054/DemRes.2016.35.16
Abstract
"Background: Gendered trends in housework provide an important insight into changing gender inequality. In particular, they shed light on the debate over the stalling of the 'gender revolution'. Additionally, the gender division of housework is significantly related to couple well-being; disagreements over housework are among the major sources of marital conflict.
Objective: The objective is to bring the evidence on gendered trends in time spent on core housework up to date, and to investigate cross-national variation in those trends.
Methods: Using 66 time use surveys from 19 countries, we apply a random-intercept, random-slope model to investigate half a century of change in gender differences in housework (1961-2011).
Results: There is a general movement in the direction of greater gender equality, but with significant country differences in both the level and the pace of convergence. Specifically, there was a slowing of gender convergence from the late 1980s in those countries where men and women's time in housework was already more equal, with steeper gender convergence continuing in those countries where the gender division of housework was less equal.
Conclusions: Our findings support the view that despite short-term stalls, slow-downs, and even reverses, as well as important differences in national policy contexts, the overall cross-national picture shows a continuing trend towards greater gender equality in the performance of housework.
Contribution: We update cross-national time use evidence on the gender division of housework to the end of the first decade of the 21st Century. In a multilevel framework, we show how the gender gap varies across time and between countries, net of other demographic variables." (Author's abstract, © Max-Planck-Institut für demographische Forschung) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Gender equality in the division of work: how to assess European leave policies regarding their compliance with an ideal leave model (2016)
Dearing, Helene;Zitatform
Dearing, Helene (2016): Gender equality in the division of work. How to assess European leave policies regarding their compliance with an ideal leave model. In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 26, H. 3, S. 234-247. DOI:10.1177/0958928716642951
Abstract
"This article assesses 27 European parental leave policies regarding their compliance with an ideal leave policy model that best supports gender equality in the division of labour. Given the difficulties in defining such an ideal leave model, the article makes this assessment in two stages. Stage 1 exploits the most salient results of the empirical literature in order to define an ideal leave model that foresees the provision of 14?months of well-paid leave, where half of the leave is reserved for fathers. An 'Equal Gender Division of Labour' indicator is developed to assess the performance of different countries regarding their compliance with the ideal leave model. Stage 2 tests the sensitivity of the results with regard to three different scenarios that account for alternative assumptions about (1) the actual duration of leave that is supposed to be 'ideal', (2) the significance of providing leave only in combination with payments and (3) the importance of reserving some of the provided leave for fathers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
What is your couple type? Gender ideology, housework sharing, and babies (2015)
Zitatform
Aassve, Arnstein, Giulia Fuochi, Letizia Mencarini & Daria Mendola (2015): What is your couple type? Gender ideology, housework sharing, and babies. In: Demographic Research, Jg. 32, S. 835-858. DOI:10.4054/DemRes.2015.32.30
Abstract
"Background: It is increasingly acknowledged that not only gender equality but also gender ideology plays a role in explaining fertility in advanced societies. In a micro perspective, the potential mismatch between gender equality (i.e., the actual sharing taking place in a couple) and gender ideology (i.e., attitudes and beliefs regarding gender roles) may drive childbearing decisions.
Objective: This paper assesses the impact of consistency between gender equality in attitudes and equality in the division of household labour on the likelihood of having another child, for different parities.
Methods: Relying on two-wave panel data of the Bulgarian, Czech, French, Hungarian, and Lithuanian Generations and Gender Surveys, we build a couple typology defined by gender attitudes and housework-sharing. The typology identifies four types of couple: 1) gender-unequal attitudes and gender-unequal housework-sharing; 2) gender-equal attitudes and gender-unequal housework-sharing; 3) gender-unequal attitudes and gender-equal housework-sharing; 4) gender-equal attitudes and gender-equal housework-sharing. The couple types enter into a logistic regression model on childbirth.
Results: The impact of the typology varies with parity and gender: taking as reference category the case of gender-equal attitudes and gender-equal division of housework, the effect of all the other couple types on a new childbirth is strong and negative for the second child and female respondents.
Conclusions: The consistency between gender ideology and actual partners' housework-sharing is only favourable for childbearing as long as there is gender equality in both the dimensions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Women's working hours: the interplay between gender role attitudes, motherhood, and public childcare support in 23 European countries (2015)
Zitatform
Andringa, Wouter, Rense Nieuwenhuis & Minna Van Gerven (2015): Women's working hours. The interplay between gender role attitudes, motherhood, and public childcare support in 23 European countries. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 35, H. 9/10, S. 582-599. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-10-2014-0073
Abstract
"The purpose of this paper is to show how the interplay between individual women's gender role attitudes, having young children at home, as well as the country-context characterized by gender egalitarianism and public childcare support, relates to women's working hours in 23 European countries.
This study presents results of multilevel regression analyses of data from the European Social Survey (Round 2). These micro-level data on 23 European countries were combined with country-level measures on gender traditionalism and childcare expenditure.
The authors found that the negative association between having young children at home and women's working hours is stronger for women with traditional gender role attitudes compared to women with egalitarian attitudes. The gap in working hours between women with and without young children at home was smaller in countries in which the population holds egalitarian gender role attitudes and in countries with extensive public childcare support. Furthermore, it was found that the gap in employment hours between mothers with traditional or egalitarian attitudes was largest in countries with limited public childcare support.
Policy makers should take note that women's employment decisions are not dependent on human capital and household-composition factors alone, but that gender role attitudes matter as well. The authors could not find evidence of the inequality in employment between women with different gender role attitudes being exacerbated in association with childcare support.
The originality of this study lies in the combined (rather than separate) analysis of how countries' social policies (childcare services) and countries' attitudes (gender traditionalism) interact with individual gender role attitudes to shape cross-national variation in women's working hours." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
How do changes in gender role attitudes towards female employment influence fertility?: A macro-level analysis (2015)
Zitatform
Arpino, Bruno, Gøsta Esping-Andersen & Léa Pessin (2015): How do changes in gender role attitudes towards female employment influence fertility? A macro-level analysis. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 31, H. 3, S. 370-382. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcv002
Abstract
"This study explores whether the diffusion of gender-equitable attitudes towards female employment is associated with fertility. We argue that any positive effect on fertility requires not only high levels of gender-equitable attitudes overall, but also attitude convergence between men and women. We analyse 27 countries using data from the World Values Surveys and European Values Studies. We find support for a U-shaped relationship between changes in gender role attitudes and fertility: an initial drop in fertility is observed as countries move from a traditional to a more gender-symmetric model. Beyond a certain threshold, additional increases in gender egalitarianism become positively associated with fertility. This curvilinear relationship is moderated by the difference in attitudes between men and women: when there is more agreement, changes are more rapid and the effect of gender egalitarian attitudes on fertility strengthens." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))