Arbeitsbedingungen und Gesundheit von Beschäftigten
Der Zusammenhang von Arbeitsbedingungen bzw. Arbeitsbelastungen und der Gesundheit von Beschäftigten erhält durch die demografische Entwicklung, Digitalisierung und Klimawandel neues Gewicht. Wie muss Arbeit gestaltet sein, damit die Beschäftigten langfristig und gesund erwerbstätig sein können?
Dieses Themendossier dokumentiert die Ergebnisse empirischer Forschung der letzten Jahre.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
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Literaturhinweis
Bleiben, gehen oder weniger arbeiten? Arbeitsqualität und berufliche Veränderungswünsche in Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufen (2026)
Zitatform
Hall, Anja & Ana Santiago-Vela (2026): Bleiben, gehen oder weniger arbeiten? Arbeitsqualität und berufliche Veränderungswünsche in Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufen. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 79, H. 1, S. 53-61. DOI:10.5771/0342-300x-2026-1-53
Abstract
"Die Arbeitsqualität in Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufen ist angesichts der Fachkräfteengpässe in diesen systemrelevanten Bereichen ein zentrales Thema, das durch die Covid-19-Pandemie verstärkt in den Fokus der Öffentlichkeit gerückt ist. Dieser Beitrag untersucht auf Basis der BIBB/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragungen für die Jahre 2018 und 2024 die Entwicklung der Arbeitsqualität in Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufen und anderen Berufen. Zudem werden die Auswirkungen unbesetzter Stellen im Arbeitsumfeld auf die Berufswechselabsicht und den Wunsch nach Arbeitszeitverkürzung analysiert, sowie die Rolle von Arbeitsqualitätsmerkmalen in diesem Zusammenhang betrachtet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die Arbeitsqualität in Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufen nach der Covid-19-Pandemie kaum verändert hat, während sie sich in anderen Berufen in vielen Bereichen verbesserte. Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufe zeichnen sich weiterhin durch hohe Anforderungen und eingeschränkte Autonomie sowie geringere Zufriedenheit mit dem Einkommen aus, zugleich jedoch auch durch höhere Zufriedenheit mit den Lernmöglichkeiten am Arbeitsplatz. Unbesetzte Stellen werden in Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufen häufiger nicht besetzt, was die Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine Arbeitszeitverkürzung erhöht. Dies wiederum verschärft das Problem des Fachkräftemangels." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Longitudinal employment patterns and parental health: A cross-country look (2026)
Zitatform
Han, Wen-Jui, Johanna Carrasco Saravia, Matthias Pollmann-Schult, Tinh Doan & Jianghong Li (2026): Longitudinal employment patterns and parental health: A cross-country look. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 21, H. 6. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0350945
Abstract
"Study aims: Using a cross-country lens, we investigate the links between longitudinal work trajectories and health among parents with children under age 18. Background: Employment serves as a valuable resource, affording us a decent standard of living. The rising dominance of digital and technology, together with the service economy since the 1980s, has transformed the utility of employment from a resource to a vulnerability, subjecting more families to uncertain, unstable, and insecure work. Nonstandard work schedules or shiftwork, which often fall outside regular 9-to-5 daytime hours and can be unpredictable, carry potential health consequences. Methods: Using the longitudinal data from Australia (HILDA), Germany (SOEP), the UK (UKHLS), and the US (NLSY79), we used sequence analysis to first chart parental work schedule patterns between three stages of the life course, 25–34, 35–44, and 45–54, to show the changes and transitions in work patterns. We then conducted multivariate regression analysis to examine how variations in parental work patterns may shape individual health (i.e., physical and mental health) at ages 35/40, 45/50, and 55/60 while controlling for a rich set of sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Our sequence analyses uncovered roughly 4–6 work patterns during those three periods, revealing the heterogeneities of parental work trajectories that might correspond to childrearing demands and their sociodemographic backgrounds. We also found that mainly not-working pattern or volatile work arrangements (e.g., switching between daytime and non-daytime hours) were associated with significantly poorer physical and mental health; however, the persistence and magnitude of these associations varied by country. Conclusions: This study advances our understanding of the critical role of employment in our health from a cross-country perspective and bears important implications for the intergenerational transmission of employment and health vulnerabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Großbefragungen zur Arbeitssituation von Menschen mit gesundheitlicher Beeinträchtigung und Behinderung in Deutschland - Erweiterung des Analysepotenzials (2026)
Zitatform
Hünefeld, Lena, Alper Eker & Sophie Teborg (2026): Großbefragungen zur Arbeitssituation von Menschen mit gesundheitlicher Beeinträchtigung und Behinderung in Deutschland - Erweiterung des Analysepotenzials. In: Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz, Jg. 69, H. 8, S. 886-896. DOI:10.1007/s00103-026-04202-0
Abstract
"Einleitung: Eine fundierte und inklusive Gestaltung von Arbeitsplätzen erfordert eingehendes Wissen über die Arbeitssituation – erfasst durch geeignete, aktuelle Indikatoren. Befragungsdaten ermöglichen eine differenzierte Beschreibung dieser Situation und das Nachvollziehen von Entwicklungen im Zeitverlauf. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist eine systematische Übersicht über Großbefragungen zur Arbeitssituation von Menschen mit Beeinträchtigung und Behinderung in Deutschland sowie eine Untersuchung des Analysepotenzials. Methoden: Insgesamt 15 Großbefragungen, die eine Identifizierung von Personen mit Beeinträchtigung ermöglichen und Informationen zur Arbeitssituation liefern, wurden systematisch analysiert. Dabei wurden die Befragungen anhand eines induktiv und deduktiv entwickelten Kategoriensystems betrachtet, das die Themen „Beeinträchtigung/Behinderung“, „Arbeitssituation“ und „individuelle Merkmale“ abdeckt. Ferner wurde unterschieden, ob die Befragungen die Zielgruppen „Menschen mit Beeinträchtigung“, „Menschen mit selbsteingeschätzter Behinderung“ und/oder „Menschen mit fremdeingeschätzter Behinderung“ einbeziehen. Ergebnisse: Für den Zeitraum 2018 bis 2024 lassen sich 7 relevante Befragungen identifizieren, die in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß differenzierte Informationen zu allen 3 Zielgruppen und ihrer Arbeitssituation auf dem ersten Arbeitsmarkt enthalten. Diskussion: Deutlich werden Lücken in den Befragungsdaten, insbesondere im Hinblick auf inklusive betriebliche Rahmenbedingungen oder Arbeitsplatzanpassungen. Bestehende Großerhebungen müssten daher systematisch erweitert werden – inhaltlich durch differenzierte Items, aber auch methodisch durch inklusive Stichproben und Erhebungsdesigns." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Multiple work demands and early retirement intention in Germany: A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis (2026)
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Kaboth, Arthur & Sophie-Charlotte Meyer (2026): Multiple work demands and early retirement intention in Germany: A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. In: European Journal of Ageing, Jg. 23, H. 1. DOI:10.1007/s10433-026-00915-y
Abstract
"The present study examines the association between (multiple) physical and psychosocial work demands and the preference for early retirement among older German employees. The analyses are based on data from five waves (2015–2023) of the BAuA-Working Time Survey, including 32,686 person-year observations. The dependent variable is a binary indicator reflecting preference for early retirement versus statutory or later retirement. Cross-sectional analyses apply linear probability models (LPM) per wave, while longitudinal effects are assessed using pooled OLS (POLS), random-effects (RE), and fixed-effects (FE) estimators. Robustness checks include controls for health and job satisfaction. Cross-sectional models show positive and mostly significant associations between both physical and psychosocial work demands with early retirement preference. Psychosocial demands, particularly workload pressure and emotional demands, are consistently strong predictors. In longitudinal FE analysis, multiple psychosocial work demands remain meaningful and significant. The findings underscore the importance of multiple simultaneous psychosocial job demands, rather than only focusing on isolated working conditions, in shaping early retirement preferences. Despite modest coefficient sizes, these results based on retirement intentions (not actual exit decisions) highlight the necessity of a life-course perspective and targeted interventions to promote sustainable working lives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Psychische Gesundheit im Beruf: Die Rolle der beruflichen Resilienz in Querschnitt- und Längsschnittanalysen zu Irritation, Stress und Burnout (2026)
Knispel, Jens; Arling, Viktoria; Slavchova, Veneta;Zitatform
Knispel, Jens, Veneta Slavchova & Viktoria Arling (2026): Psychische Gesundheit im Beruf: Die Rolle der beruflichen Resilienz in Querschnitt- und Längsschnittanalysen zu Irritation, Stress und Burnout. In: Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Jg. 80, H. 2, S. 291-301. DOI:10.1007/s41449-026-00515-7
Abstract
"Chronischer Stress am Arbeitsplatz gefährdet die psychische Gesundheit, kann zu Burnout führen und stellt ein Risiko für Beschäftigte und Unternehmen dar. Berufliche Resilienz mit ihren sieben Facetten (Optimismus, Akzeptanz, Lösungsorientierung, Selbstfürsorge, Netzwerkorientierung, Verantwortungsübernahme und Zukunftsplanung) wirkt dabei als Schutzfaktor: In einer Querschnittstudie mit 235 Berufstätigen zeigte sich, dass höhere Resilienz mit geringerem Stresserleben und weniger Burnout-Symptomen verbunden ist. Eine Längsschnittstudie mit 110 Beschäftigten über vier Wochen verdeutlichte zudem wechselseitige Effekte zwischen Resilienz und emotionaler Irritation als frühes Warnsignal psychischer Belastung: Akzeptanz, Selbstfürsorge, Netzwerkorientierung und Verantwortungsübernahme reduzierten Irritation im Zeitverlauf, während hohe Irritation die Resilienzfacetten Optimismus, Selbstfürsorge und Netzwerkorientierung minderte. Die Befunde unterstreichen die Bedeutung von Resilienzförderung und irritationsarmer Arbeitsgestaltung zur Prävention von Stressfolgen und Burnout. Praktische Relevanz: Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass Resilienzförderung im Beruf und die gezielte Reduktion emotionaler Irritation zentrale Ansatzpunkte sein können, um Stressfolgen und Burnout vorzubeugen und langfristig gesunde Arbeitsbedingungen zu schaffen. Die sieben Säulen der beruflichen Resilienz bieten konkrete Ansatzpunkte zur Prävention." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Employment Conditions in the Paid Care Economy in Egypt:: Improvement or Deterioration? (2026)
Zitatform
Krafft, Caroline & Maye Ehab (2026): Employment Conditions in the Paid Care Economy in Egypt:: Improvement or Deterioration? In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 60, H. 1, 2026-03-14. DOI:10.1186/s12651-026-00426-4
Abstract
"This paper examines the evolution of the paid care economy in Egypt, over 2009-21, assessing trends in employment and employment conditions. The analyses demonstrate that, despite goals to grow the paid care economy, paid care employment has shrunk over time in Egypt, driven by the retreat of the public sector. Furthermore, employment conditions in care employment have worsened over time, in part due to the increasing privatization of care employment. The informal share of care employment (without social insurance coverage) has increased over time. While initially there was not a care pay gap, one has formed over time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effects of workers’ compensation experience rating on workers’ absences and employment (2026)
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Lengagne, Pascale (2026): The effects of workers’ compensation experience rating on workers’ absences and employment. In: Journal of Public Economics, Jg. 257. DOI:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2026.105632
Abstract
"This paper examines the effects of experience rating of workers ’ compensation (WC) insurance on workers’ absences and employment. I exploit a French reform that increased the degree of experience rating assigned to medium-size firms, thereby strengthening their incentives to reduce WC benefit expenditures of their employees. The findings show that a higher degree of experience rating led to a significant reduction in absences due to work-related injuries or illnesses; the estimates imply an elasticity of a worker’s annual number of work-related absencedays with respect to the share of WC benefit expenditures borne by the firm of −1.20, with an extensive-margin elasticity of −0.43. This reduction is not offset by an increase in nonwork-related absences, suggesting that this effect does not reflect a substitution toward filing claims under the nonwork-related insurance scheme. I find no evidence of adverse effects on employment. Instead, the results suggest that increasing the degree of experience rating significantly improved the employment of workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
When caring comes at a cost: Psychological wellbeing of unpaid and paid carers and the role of social expenditure (2026)
Zitatform
Lightman, Naomi & Anthony Kevins (2026): When caring comes at a cost: Psychological wellbeing of unpaid and paid carers and the role of social expenditure. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 36, H. 2, S. 150-164. DOI:10.1177/09589287251356978
Abstract
"This study examines whether, and under what conditions, unpaid and paid care work are associated with reduced psychological wellbeing. The article begins by laying out a shared theoretical framework for understanding the psychological consequences of care among both unpaid and paid carers. It then tests the empirical implications of this framework, conducting multi-level model analysis of European Quality of Life Survey and European Social Survey data and: (1) disaggregating care work based on (a) the care recipient – i.e., adults or children – for unpaid carers and (b) the level of occupational professionalization for paid carers; and (2) examining the potential intervening role of social expenditure. Findings demonstrate that unpaid caring for adults (though not children) is associated with a marginal decrease in psychological wellbeing, but that this dynamic is limited to countries with smaller welfare states. Among paid care workers, only paraprofessionals are found to have lower levels of psychological wellbeing than comparable non-care workers – but here again increased social expenditure appears to have a significant buffering effect. Together, results reinforce the need for robust social spending to mitigate negative psychological consequences of care, while adding important nuance regarding the relevance of the type of care work being performed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
From the policy of humanization to labour flexibilization: the case of the Federal Republic of Germany (from the 1970s to the 1980s) (2026)
Llanos-Reyes, Claudio; Horstmann, Anna;Zitatform
Llanos-Reyes, Claudio & Anna Horstmann (2026): From the policy of humanization to labour flexibilization: the case of the Federal Republic of Germany (from the 1970s to the 1980s). In: Labor history, Jg. 67, H. 2, S. 240-256. DOI:10.1080/0023656x.2025.2477149
Abstract
"This paper examines how proposals for the ‘humanization of work,’ aimed at improving working conditions, were increasingly overshadowed by labor flexibilization during the 1980s. Using Germany as a case study, it explores the Federal Government’s 1974 ‘Humanization of Work’ initiative and its evolution amidst rising unemployment, technological change and neoliberal influence. Labor flexibilization, exemplified by debates over working hours, displaced efforts to improve the quality of working life. This transition reflects a broader historical shift from policies supporting worker protections to those favouring capitalist accumulation and deregulation. By analyzing political, academic and trade union perspectives from the 1970s and 1980s, this paper highlights how neoliberal agendas reshaped labor relations, diminishing the focus on worker-centered approaches. These findings underscore pivotal changes in labour policies and their lasting impact on work and workers’ rights." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Digital Monitoring and Job Satisfaction: The Role of Job Characteristics (2026)
Zitatform
Meyer, Sophie-Charlotte, Charlotte K. Schröder & Anja-Kristin Abendroth (2026): Digital Monitoring and Job Satisfaction: The Role of Job Characteristics. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 182, H. 2. DOI:10.1007/s11205-026-03833-9
Abstract
"This paper investigates how digital monitoring in the workplace relates to employee job satisfaction, drawing on employee survey data from large organizations in Germany. We distinguish between two dimensions of digital monitoring: (1) the automatic storage of work-related data and (2) employees’ perception of this monitoring as constant surveillance. Results from linear mixed-effects regression models show that both dimensions are negatively associated with job satisfaction, with the perception of constant surveillance showing a stronger relationship. We further explore how three key job characteristics, i.e., job autonomy, supervisor appreciation, and perceived stress, relate to the association between digital monitoring and job satisfaction, as they may themselves be shaped by monitoring practices. We find that these job characteristics are consistently associated with job satisfaction and also appear to account for a large part of the observed negative association between digital monitoring and job satisfaction, with job autonomy playing the most influential role. Interaction models provide limited evidence of moderation, suggesting that the negative association between perceived surveillance and job satisfaction is somewhat stronger among employees with low autonomy. Overall, our findings indicate that minimizing perceptions of constant surveillance and preserving job autonomy are crucial to maintaining job satisfaction in increasingly digitalized work environments." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unemployment, job insecurity, and partner mental health: Longitudinal dyadic evidence from Germany (2026)
Zitatform
Mikucka, Malgorzata, Oliver Arránz Becker & Christof Wolf (2026): Unemployment, job insecurity, and partner mental health: Longitudinal dyadic evidence from Germany. In: Advances in life course research, Jg. 69. DOI:10.1016/j.alcr.2026.100753
Abstract
"Researchers have long argued that unemployment affects the mental health of both, individuals and their partners, but findings remain inconsistent. Evidence on job insecurity is even scarcer, despite its widespread occurrence. This study tracks shifts in mental health related to unemployment and job insecurity in couples, testing for gender and educational differences. We analyzed data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (v39.1, years 2002–2022) covering working-age economically active heterosexual cohabiting couples observed without gaps over a nine-year period (five biennial waves, N = 2244 dyads). Mental health was measured using the SF-12 scale. Our Longitudinal Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (L-APIM) controlled for residual correlation between partner’s health. Our results showed that own unemployment and inactivity correlated with worsening of mental health among men and women. Partner effects were also negative but substantially smaller than actor effects, significant only for women and only in some analytical samples. Inspection of educational differences showed significant partner effects only among lower-educated women; they were especially pronounced in couples where the man, but not the woman, had tertiary education. Our findings indicate no partner effects among men, while weak partner effects among women cannot be ruled out. The results also point to an intersection of gender and economic vulnerability as key drivers of observed patterns." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Zusammenhänge zwischen mentaler Care-Arbeit und psychischer Gesundheit bei Frauen und Männern in Deutschland: Übersetzung und Validierung einer deutschsprachigen Version des „Invisible Family Load Scale“ zur Messung mentaler Care-Arbeit (2026)
Zitatform
Mülder, Lina Marie, Gina Marie Hirschberger & Rebecca Wiczorek (2026): Zusammenhänge zwischen mentaler Care-Arbeit und psychischer Gesundheit bei Frauen und Männern in Deutschland. Übersetzung und Validierung einer deutschsprachigen Version des „Invisible Family Load Scale“ zur Messung mentaler Care-Arbeit. In: Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie, Jg. 70, H. 3, S. 113-125. DOI:10.1026/0932-4089/a000465
Abstract
"Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Untersuchung der Unterschiede zwischen Männern und Frauen in Deutschland bezüglich der Verteilung mentaler Care-Arbeit und ihres Einflusses auf die psychische Gesundheit. Zur Beantwortung dieser Forschungsfragen wurde der Fragebogen mentale Care-Arbeit, eine deutsche Version der Invisible Family Load Scale von Wayne et al., entwickelt und validiert. Er differenziert zwischen emotionaler, kognitiver und organisatorischer Care-Arbeit. Eine Stichprobe von 502 Eltern beantwortete Fragen zur mentalen Care-Arbeit sowie zu Stress, Depressivität, emotionaler Erschöpfung und Wohlbefinden. Die Auswertung zeigte, dass Frauen mehr mentale Care-Arbeit verrichten als Männer, dass diese negativ mit der psychischen Gesundheit korreliert und dies vor allem auf die emotionale Care-Arbeit zurückzuführen ist. Das Geschlecht moderiert diesen Zusammenhang. Männer, die wenig mentale Care-Arbeit leisten, sind dadurch psychisch überproportional beansprucht, während das bei Frauen der Fall ist, die viel leisten. Die Relevanz der emotionalen Care-Arbeit und die Geschlechterunterschiede bezüglich psychischer Gesundheit werden diskutiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Minimum Wages and Work Pressure (2026)
Zitatform
Nagler, Markus & Erwin Winkler (2026): Minimum Wages and Work Pressure. (CESifo working paper 12460), München, 27 S.
Abstract
"A large literature investigates the employment effects of minimum wages, with comparatively little evidence on other adjustment margins. In this paper, we analyze the impact of a nationwide introduction of minimum wages in Germany on employer-induced work pressure, using detailed worker-level survey data. Applying a difference-in-differences approach, we show that the introduction of minimum wages increased work pressure in occupations more exposed to the minimum wage. The increase in work pressure cannot be explained by compositional changes in terms of demographics, job complexity, or hours worked." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
European working conditions survey 2024: Overview report (2026)
Parent-Thirion, Agnès; Cabrita, Jorge; Fric, Karel ; Eiff, Franz Ferdinand; White, Christopher; Hurley, John; Riso, Sara;Zitatform
Parent-Thirion, Agnès, Jorge Cabrita, Franz Ferdinand Eiff, Sara Riso, Christopher White, Karel Fric & John Hurley (2026): European working conditions survey 2024: Overview report. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Luxembourg, 174 S. DOI:10.2806/8618665
Abstract
"Now in its eighth edition, the European Working Conditions Survey maps changes in working life over more than three decades. This high-quality, probability-based survey covers 35 European countries, including the 27 EU Member States, Norway, Switzerland, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Kosovo and Serbia. Over 36,600 face-to-face interviews, each lasting approximately 45 minutes, took place as part of the survey. This overview report provides a comprehensive description of the workforce, and includes information on digital work practices, social relations at work and inclusive workplaces. It assesses job quality across seven dimensions: earnings, prospects, skills and discretion, working time, work intensity, social environment and physical environment. The report looks at workers’ working lives, considering aspects such as work–life balance, career and employment security, health and well-being and work sustainability. It describes how jobs fare on the basis of job quality and the role of job quality in supporting good working lives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Burnout subtypes in the German working population: Differentiation by symptomatology, work-related factors and structural impairment according to the OPD (2026)
Perlinger, Julia ; Ehrenthal, Johannes C.; Montag, Christiane ; Doering, Stephan; Kretschmar, Thomas;Zitatform
Perlinger, Julia, Johannes C. Ehrenthal, Christiane Montag & Thomas Kretschmar (2026): Burnout subtypes in the German working population: Differentiation by symptomatology, work-related factors and structural impairment according to the OPD. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 21, H. 7. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0352860
Abstract
"Farber's typological approach expands burnout models by identifying three burnout subtypes: frenetic, underchallenged, and worn-out. Despite its potential, research on this approach is limited, especially in the German working population. This study translated and validated the Burnout Questionnaire for Clinical Subtypes (BCSQ-12) into German and examined these burnout subtypes in the German working population. Using a non-probabilistic online quota sampling method, 616 employees were surveyed. The BCSQ-12 was translated and evaluated for its psychometric properties (EFA, Varimax rotation). Burnout subtypes were identified through hierarchical and K-means cluster analysis and analysed for symptomatologic, work-related and individual differences, particularly structural impairment (ANOVA). Additional questionnaires assessed burnout (MBI-GS-D), depression (PHQ-9), work engagement (UWES-9), job demands (COPSOQ), social support (MSPSS), and structural impairment (OPD-SQ). The BCSQ-12 demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties and confirmed its three-factor structure. The cluster analyses revealed four profiles: non-burned-out, frenetic, underchallenged and worn-out, which differed in terms of the symptomatologic, work-related and individual factors. The pattern of resources and demands between the burnout subtypes indicates a deterioration from the frenetic to the underchallenged to the worn-out employee. The present results emphasize possible advantages of including burnout profiles into the general assessment of burnout and indicate the need for tailored interventions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Emotional demands and burnout: Differential moderating effect of job resources and age (2026)
Zitatform
Popucza, Tímea Zsuzsanna (2026): Emotional demands and burnout: Differential moderating effect of job resources and age. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 21, H. 6. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0351940
Abstract
"This study, based on the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) model, investigates how perceived and contact-related emotional demands contribute to burnout, and whether job resources -deep acting, meaning of work, work control, and social support at work-buffer these effects. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among professionals in healthcare, care, and human service roles (N = 1,506). Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to examine moderating effects of job resources on the relationships between emotional demands and the burnout dimensions of exhaustion and disengagement. Both types of emotional demands were positively associated with both burnout dimensions. While job resources were generally negatively associated with exhaustion and disengagement, they did not moderate the effects of emotional demands in the expected buffering direction. Instead, meaning of work and social support amplified the relationships between contact-related and perceived emotional demands, respectively, and exhaustion. Exploratory analyses revealed no significant linear or curvilinear age-based moderation, suggesting that these moderation patterns function similarly across age groups. Overall, the findings indicate that while job resources may reduce general burnout, they are not universally protective in emotionally demanding work. This study highlights the need to refine the JD-R assumption that resources consistently buffer job demands and underscores the importance of identifying alternative resources and targeted interventions in emotionally demanding roles." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Human-centred digital transitions and skill mismatches in European workplaces (2026)
Zitatform
Pouliakas, Konstantinos & Giulia Santangelo (2026): Human-centred digital transitions and skill mismatches in European workplaces. (CEDEFOP working paper series / European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training 2026,01), Luxembourg, 163 S. DOI:10.2801/9894877
Abstract
"New digital and artificial intelligence technologies are fast reshaping skill requirements in the EU labour market, fostering skill mismatches. There are marked concerns about the potentially adverse consequences of automation and AI on employment, as well as the lagging competitiveness of EU economies as individuals’ upskilling or reskilling is failing to adapt. To deepen understanding of how digitalisation is affecting the nature of work and skill mismatches in EU labour markets, Cedefop carried out the second wave of the European skills and jobs survey in 2021. In this special edition of Cedefop’s working paper series, ten original, short contributions have been drafted in which researchers explore in depth, for the first time, the ESJS2 microdata. The publication presents a wealth of focused and robust empirical analyses, covering a wide range of different issues on how the digital transition is affecting jobs, skills and training in Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Precarious employment and its associations with perceived stress and self-rated health: a Danish cross-sectional study (2026)
Poulsen, Per Høgh; Biering, Karin; Møberg, Rasmus Juul ; Vestergaard, Jesper Medom; Winding, Trine Nøhr ; Andersen, Johan Hviid;Zitatform
Poulsen, Per Høgh, Jesper Medom Vestergaard, Trine Nøhr Winding, Karin Biering, Johan Hviid Andersen & Rasmus Juul Møberg (2026): Precarious employment and its associations with perceived stress and self-rated health: a Danish cross-sectional study. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 99, H. 5. DOI:10.1007/s00420-026-02213-7
Abstract
"Objective: Precarious employment (PE), characterized by job insecurity, instability, low wages, and limited access to social protections, has been linked to adverse health outcomes. This study examines whether PE, measured using a newly validated precarious employment index (PEI), is associated with high stress and poor self-rated health (SRH) in Danish workers. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 3339 Danish workers aged 18–45 years. The PEI captures six dimensions of working conditions: instability, salary, power and rights, work task planning, work time planning, and workers’ collective. PEI scores ranged from 0 (no PE) to 100 (most PE) and were dichotomized at the mean + 1 Standard Deviation (SD) into “no PE” and “PE”; 15% were classified as PE. Health outcomes comprised dichotomized measures of Perceived Stress and SRH. Logistic regression models were applied, adjusting for sex, age, ethnicity, highest education, cohabitation, previous mental illness, and labor market participation. Results: Workers aged 18 –24 years had the highest average PEI score (37.7, SD = 12.6). Participants in the PE category had significantly higher odds of reporting high stress (adjusted OR (AOR) = 4.0, 95% CI 3.2‒5.0) and poor SRH (AOR = 3.0, 95% CI 2.3‒3.8). Age-stratified analyses indicated stronger associations among workers aged 30–45 years compared to workers aged 18‒29 years. Conclusions: Workers aged 18–24 years and those with lower educational attainment had the highest PEI scores. PE was associated with higher odds of high stress and poor SRH, with the strongest associations observed among workers aged 30–45 years." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Stressful work experience over time and depression in late midlife: results from a longitudinal cohort study in Germany (2026)
Zitatform
Prel, Jean-Baptist du, Johannes Siegrist, Max Rohrbacher & Hans Martin Hasselhorn (2026): Stressful work experience over time and depression in late midlife: results from a longitudinal cohort study in Germany. In: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, Jg. 61, H. 3, S. 485-495. DOI:10.1007/s00127-025-03005-z
Abstract
"Previous prospective findings of elevated risk of depression following exposure to stressful work in terms of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) were based on a single exposure measurement. With this study, we set out to analyse longitudinal associations of single and twofold exposure measurement with depression among middle-aged employees. Data were derived from the first two waves (2011 and 2014) of the prospective lidA cohort study in Germany, including 3,104 middle-aged employed men and women. Participants with depression at baseline were excluded. Work stress (effort-reward ER) ratio and work-related over-commitment (WOC) and depression (Beck’s Depression Inventory) were assessed at both waves. Time-invariant (birth year, sex, education) and time-varying covariates (employment, control, physical health) were adjusted for. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the odds of depression for single or twofold high exposure, and generalized estimation equations (GEE) to analyze mean associations between moderate and high exposure and outcome over both waves. 5.9% of male and 9.8% of female participants experienced depression during the observation period. Cases were more frequent among those scoring high on work stress measures, those with poor physical health and part-time work. In the fully adjusted GEE model, the estimated risk ratio of depression was 1.60 (95%-CI: 1.05; 2.44) for moderate and 2.49 (1.67; 3.71) for high exposure to ERI work stress on average over time. Similar effects were observed for WOC. Elevated risk ratios of depression were observed in associations with moderate and high exposure to stressful work (ERI) over time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
2. KI-Werkstatt: Forschung – Praxis – Arbeitswelt (2026)
Radüntz, Thea; Müller, Emmanuel;Zitatform
Radüntz, Thea & Emmanuel Müller (Hrsg.) (2026): 2. KI-Werkstatt: Forschung – Praxis – Arbeitswelt. (baua: Bericht), Dortmund, 116 S. DOI:10.21934/baua:bericht20260302
Abstract
"Mit der zweiten KI-Werkstatt "Forschung – Praxis – Arbeitswelt", die am 17. März 2026 stattfand, wurde der interdisziplinäre Dialog zur Gestaltung Künstlicher Intelligenz in der Arbeitswelt erfolgreich fortgeführt. Aufbauend auf der Premiere 2024, die das Zusammenspiel von Informatik, Wissenschaft, Regulierung und Praxis in den Mittelpunkt stellte, lag der Fokus der zweiten KI-Werkstatt insbesondere auf dem Transfer zwischen aktueller Forschung und betrieblicher Anwendung. Die zunehmende Resonanz der Veranstaltung unterstreicht das wachsende Interesse an einer interdisziplinären Community, die KI im Arbeitskontext gemeinsam reflektiert und gestaltet. Die für den Tagungsband begutachteten Beiträge reflektieren diese Zielsetzung und bieten einen differenzierten Überblick über aktuelle Forschungs- und Anwendungsansätze zur Integration von KI in unterschiedliche Arbeitskontexte. Die Beiträge zeigen, dass KI sowohl Potenziale zur Arbeitsentlastung als auch Risiken in Form zusätzlicher psychischer Belastungen birgt. Deutlich wird dabei, dass ein hoher Informations- und Qualifizierungsbedarf erforderlich ist, um Akzeptanz, Vertrauen und einen verantwortungsvollen Umgang mit KI zu fördern und Bedenken hinsichtlich Datenschutzes, professioneller Autonomie und zwischenmenschlicher Interaktion zu adressieren. Der erfolgreiche Einsatz von KI ist auch eng mit Führungskultur, Kompetenzentwicklung und dem Umgang mit neuen Belastungen wie Technostress verknüpft. Gleichzeitig werden strategische Fragen der Einbettung von KI in Organisationen sowie veränderte Rollenbilder durch autonome KI-Agenten diskutiert. Im Bereich der Technikgestaltung und Steuerung werden Konzepte vorgestellt, die Transparenz, Nachvollziehbarkeit und menschliche Eingriffsmöglichkeiten in algorithmische Entscheidungsprozesse stärken, etwa im Rahmen des "Human-in-Command"-Ansatzes oder durch erweiterte Verständnisse erklärbarer KI. Abgerundet wird der Band durch praxisnahe Anwendungsbeispiele aus unterschiedlichen Domänen, die verdeutlichen, dass nachhaltige KI-Nutzung nicht allein eine technische, sondern stets auch eine soziale, ethische und rechtliche Gestaltungsaufgabe ist." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)