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Aizawa, Naoki, Soojin Kim & Serena Rhee (2025): Labor Market Screening and the Design of Social Insurance: An Equilibrium Analysis of the Labor Market for the Disabled. In: The Review of Economic Studies, Jg. 92, H. 1, S. 1-39. DOI:10.1093/restud/rdae015

Abstract

"This article studies how firms’ screening incentives in the labor market affect the optimal design of social insurance programs and quantitatively assesses the U.S. disability policies accounting for firms’ screening of the disabled. We develop an equilibrium search model where workers with different productivities have heterogeneous preferences over non-wage benefits and firms cannot offer an employment contract that explicitly depends on worker types. In this environment, firms may use contracts to screen out a certain type of workers, distorting employment rates and contracts in equilibrium. Therefore, the optimal structure of social insurance policies depends on firms’ screening incentives. We extend and structurally estimate this framework to quantitatively understand the inefficiencies arising from firms’ incentives to screen out disabled workers and examine the optimal joint design of disability insurance (DI) and various forms of firm subsidies. We find that hiring subsidies mitigate screening distortions; at the same time, they interact with DI by reducing the labor supply disincentives it generates. The optimal policy structure leads to a considerable welfare gain by simultaneously making firm subsidies and DI benefits more generous." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Baeken, Andries, Anneleen Forrier & Nele De Cuyper (2025): Is Work Still a Right if it has Become a Norm? Disability Inclusion in Labor Market Policy Discourse. In: Journal of Business Ethics, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1007/s10551-025-05962-6

Abstract

"Policy motives for work for people with a disability (PWD) are divergent along two discourses: work as a right vs norm. Work as a right, based on the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), portrays work as a potential gateway for inclusion. Work as a norm fits a neoliberal agenda. It considers labor market participation of all, including PWD, as a civil responsibility crucial for economic welfare. Critics argue that the work as a norm discourse presents a risk for inclusion of PWD. Work is seen as a necessary condition for and not one of many ways to inclusion in society. To make the right to work for PWD work, critical scholars call to unravel whether and how the discourses of work as a right and norm for PWD become intertwined in policy. In response and through the lens of recontextualization, we study how discourses of work as a right and norm for PWD are received, reproduced and reworked in political debate in Flanders (Belgium) over time. We examine policy texts and parliamentary questions of four government terms (2004–2024). The findings illustrate how the work as a right discourse is gradually recontextualized into the work as a norm discourse to legitimize neoliberal policies of strict activation. In accordance, we see a gradual move towards neoliberal-ableism. Although the UNCRPD aims to eradicate ableism, its recontextualization and appropriation reinforces neoliberal-ableism." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Blanck, Jonna M., Christian Brzinsky-Fay & Justin J. W. Powell (2025): Pathways to Inclusion? Labor Market Entry Trajectories of Persons With Disabilities in Europe. In: Social Inclusion, Jg. 13. DOI:10.17645/si.9603

Abstract

"Almost a fifth of the population in OECD countries report having a disability and the proportion of students classified as having special educational needs (SEN) has steadily increased over recent decades. While this group faces marginalization in schooling and employment everywhere, there are profound differences in disability-based disadvantages across countries. However, comparative research on the labor market opportunities of persons with disabilities (PwDs) remains limited, especially regarding school-to-work transitions (STWT) that are crucial for subsequent labor market opportunities. Thus, lacking comparative knowledge on how institutional contexts shape these transitions also limits opportunities for policy learning and improvement of supports provided. This study addresses these gaps by analysing longitudinal data from the European Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). First, using sequence and cluster analysis, we classify these trajectories and provide an in-depth analysis of labor market entry patterns for PwDs compared to those without disabilities across 31 European countries. Second, we explore whether the timing of first employment, instability during the STWT, as well as inclusionary or exclusionary transitions vary between these groups and how the disparities between persons with and without disabilities regarding these indicators are related to institutionalized segregation and support structures. Our findings highlight that PwDs usually do not transition more slowly to (some form of) employment, yet they experience more instability and less inclusion during their STWT. Segregation exacerbates disadvantages, whereas institutional support structures reduce the disadvantages youth with disabilities face when these programs actively facilitate pathways to inclusion." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Breit, Eric & Magne Bråthen (2025): Distinctions between inclusive and non-inclusive companies for persons with disability: Exploring the impact of COM-B and HRM practices. In: Work. A Journal of Prevention, Assessment and Rehabilitation, S. 1-11. DOI:10.1177/10519815251320275

Abstract

"Background: Scholars have increasingly focused on the role of employers in addressing labour market challenges faced by persons with disability (PWD). While we have gained more knowledge about the motivations, practices and characteristics for hiring PWD, we still lack information on whether these are general organizational features or specific to inclusive companies. Objective: This study aims to examine the factors that distinguish inclusive from non-inclusive ones, using the COM-B framework (capability, opportunity, motivation) and Human Resource Management (HRM) practices. Methods: We utilized survey data from a sample of small and medium sized companies (SME) in Norway (N = 1000). We conducted Logistic Regression Estimates (odds ratios) to determine predictive factors of an “inclusive company”. Results: Inclusive companies scored higher than non-inclusive companies in all dimensions of COM-B and HRM practices. However, only knowledge about work inclusion (capability), availability of resources and positions (opportunity) and the desire to contribute to an inclusive labour market (social motivation) were significant explanatory factors for inclusivity. Among HRM practices, only recruitment showed a significant relationship with inclusivity after considering the COM factors. Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of utilizing the COM-B framework to understand how companies approach the inclusion of PWD." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Brooke, Alissa Molinelli, Joshua P. Taylor, Katherine Inge, Travis Wright, Paul Wehman, Jennifer McDonough & Valerie Brooke (2025): Employer Perceptions of Hiring and Initial Support of Employees With Disabilities. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 68, H. 4, S. 249-261. DOI:10.1177/00343552241265317

Abstract

"Much of the literature to date on disability employment has focused on preparing and supporting individuals with disabilities seeking and retaining jobs (i.e., supply side). A growing body of demand-side research has revealed the importance of employer’s experiences, attitudes, and perspectives in promoting successful employment outcomes. Much remains to be learned about employers’ decision-making process around the hiring and initial onboarding of employees with disabilities. The current study consisted of interviews with 35 supervisors from businesses who had recently hired and were currently employing a person with a disability in a range of industries. Key themes across the hiring and onboarding phases highlighted the importance of employment specialists and the value of relationships and rapport to impact decisions made during these phases. Our findings resulted in several recommendations for future research, policy, and practice, the implications of which are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Brünger, Martin, Patrick Brzoska, Jean-Baptist Du Prel, Sebastian Ellert, Anne-Kathrin Exner, Tobias Knoop, Sarah Leinberger, Stefanie March, Tatjana Mika, Nancy Reims, Max Rohrbacher, Michael Schuler, Diana Wahidie & Christian Hetzel (2025): Nutzung von Routinedaten in der Rehabilitationsforschung - Teil 1: Ein Überblick über Art, Zugang, Qualität und Datenschutz. In: Die Rehabilitation, Jg. 64, H. 3, S. 167-175., 2025-02-24. DOI:10.1055/a-2575-9422

Abstract

"Aufgrund des hohen Aufwands von Primärstudien bietet sich die Nutzung von bestehenden Daten, sogenannten Routinedaten, für die Beantwortung insbesondere von versorgungsnahen Forschungsfragen in der Rehabilitation an. Bisherige Übersichtsarbeiten zur Routinedatennutzung fokussieren auf die Akutversorgung im Zuständigkeitsbereich der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV), lassen jedoch die Rehabilitation und andere Reha-relevante Leistungsträger wie die Deutsche Rentenversicherung (DRV), die Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung (DGUV) und die Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) weitgehend außen vor. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist daher, einen Überblick über Art, Zugang, Qualität und datenschutzrechtliche Aspekte zu Routinedaten im Kontext der Rehabilitationsforschung zu geben. Bestehende Empfehlungen, Ergebnisse einer selektiven Literaturrecherche und eigene Erfahrungen wurden herangezogen. Routinedaten zeichnen sich durch die sehr hohe Fallzahl, den oft großen Merkmalsumfang und die längsschnittliche Dokumentation über lange Zeiträume aus. Der Zugang zu Routinedaten der Deutschen Rentenversicherung und der Bundesagentur für Arbeit ist für Forschende vergleichsweise niedrigschwellig, während dies für Routinedaten anderer Leistungsträger und von Leistungserbringern bislang nicht gleichermaßen der Fall ist. Weiterhin können unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen Routinedatensätze untereinander und mit Primärdaten verknüpft werden, was die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten deutlich erweitern kann. Neben den Vorteilen von Routinedaten sind deren Limitationen zu beachten. Routinedaten wurden für andere Zwecke erhoben und enthalten meist nur Merkmale, die für die Administration erforderlich sind. Ein prospektiver Studienansatz mit Routinedaten ist aufgrund der kontinuierlichen Datenerhebung und -dokumentation grundsätzlich möglich, jedoch ist keine randomisierte Zuweisung zu Interventionen umsetzbar. Zudem sind Generalisierbarkeit und Qualität einschließlich psychometrischer Eigenschaften von Datensätzen und einzelner Variablen zu prüfen, ebenso die Verfügbarkeit von Routinedatensätzen. Das im Aufbau befindliche Forschungsdatenzentrum Gesundheit sieht bislang weder eine Integration von GKV-Rehabilitationsdaten noch die Verknüpfung von GKV-Daten mit Daten anderer Reha-relevanter Leistungsträger vor. Datenschutzrechtliche Aspekte sind ebenfalls bedeutsam. Bei Nutzung von pseudonymisierten Daten von Sozialversicherungsträgern ist durch die Datenhalter ein Antrag nach § 75 SGB X bei den zuständigen Aufsichtsbehörden zu stellen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Chan, Fong, Kanako Iwanaga, Timothy N. Tansey, Nicole Ditchman, Paul Wehman, Jia Rung Wu & Xiangli Chen (2025): Assessing Evidence-Based Disability Inclusion Policy and Practices to Promote Employment of People With Disabilities in the Workplace: Scale Development and Validation. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 68, H. 4, S. 236-248. DOI:10.1177/00343552241268757

Abstract

"There is a strong commitment in the United States and the European Union to better support people with disabilities in the competitive labor market, where disability inclusion is widely viewed as a social imperative and underscored in policies, such as the European Union’s Disability Inclusion Policy and Strategy 2020–2030, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act. However, there is a lack of readily available strategies and tools for rehabilitation counselors to collaborate effectively with businesses and organizations in assessing their progress toward these inclusion goals. To address this need, the Disability Inclusion Profiler (DIP23) was developed to assess disability inclusion policies and practices. This study aimed to examine the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the DIP23 in a sample of 466 human resources managers. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a two-factor measurement structure: (1) Executive Level and (2) Middle Management and Staff Level Disability Inclusion Policies. Both factors demonstrated strong internal consistency and correlated with employment rates of people with disabilities. The DIP23 is a psychometrically sound measure for rehabilitation counselors to help organizations assess their disability-inclusive climate and identify areas of strengths and areas needing improvement to increase disability representation in the workplace." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Collischon, Matthias, Karolin Hiesinger & Laura Pohlan (2025): Disability onset and labor market outcomes. In: Socio-economic review, S. 1-32. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwaf021

Abstract

"This article analyzes the individual-level effects of disability onset on labor market outcomes using novel administrative data from Germany. Combining propensity score matching techniques with an event-study design, we find lasting negative impacts on employment and wages. One important mechanism is transitions to nonemployment after disability onset: the number of nonemployment days of the newly disabled increases by 36 days per year after one year and by 55 days after five years compared to the control group. For those who stay in employment, working part-time and switching to less physically or psychosocially demanding jobs are important adjustment paths. The negative labor market effects of disability onset are more pronounced for severely disabled, older, and low-skilled individuals." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Oxford University Press) ((en))

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Hiesinger, Karolin, Laura Pohlan & Franka Vetter (2025): The employment statistics of severely disabled people: description and research potential. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 59, H. 1, 2025-02-20. DOI:10.1186/s12651-025-00395-0

Abstract

"This article presents a description of the employment statistics of severely disabled people (BsbM) a unique administrative firm database of the German Federal Employment Agency. The data is collected as part of the process of administrating firm compliance with the disabled worker quota. This article examines the development of firms’ compliance with the disability quota over time and identifies factors associated with a higher likelihood of compliance. It also highlights the research opportunities offered by the dataset and its potential for further refinement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Rauch, Angela & Nancy Reims (2025): Welche Unterstützung benötigen Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen für ihre berufliche Rehabilitation? In: IAB-Forum H. 20.02.2025. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20250220.01

Abstract

"Psychische Erkrankungen erhöhen das Risiko, arbeitslos und frühverrentet zu werden. Daher ist es wichtig, Betroffene bei der beruflichen (Wieder-)Eingliederung zu unterstützen. Eine qualitative Studie zeigt: Für einen erfolgreichen Verlauf der Rehabilitation und einen nachhaltigen Übergang in den Arbeitsmarkt ist ein gutes Zusammenspiel der zuständigen Akteure, eine kontinuierliche Betreuung beim Beschäftigungsübergang und ausreichend Zeit und Flexibilität während der Rehabilitation erforderlich." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Sharma, Ramona H., Renée Asselin, Timothy Stainton & Rachelle Hole (2025): Ableism and Employment: A Scoping Review of the Literature. In: Social Sciences, Jg. 14, H. 2. DOI:10.3390/socsci14020067

Abstract

"Background: Ableism obstructs employment equity for disabled individuals. However, research lacks a comprehensive understanding of how ableism multidimensionally manifests across job types, disability types, stages of employment, and intersecting identities. Objectives: This scoping review examines how ableism affects disabled workers and jobseekers, as well as its impacts on employment outcomes, variations across disabilities and identities, and the best practices for addressing these. Eligibility Criteria: The included articles were 109 peer-reviewed empirical studies conducted in the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the UK, Ireland, Denmark, Sweden, Iceland, Norway, and Finland between 2018 and 2023. Sources of Evidence: Using terms related to disability, ableism, and employment, the databases searched included Sociology Collection, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Education Source, Academic Search Complete, and ERIC. Charting Methods: Data were extracted in tabular form and analyzed through thematic narrative synthesis to identify study characteristics, ableist barriers within employment, intersectional factors, and best practices. Results: Ableism negatively impacts employment outcomes through barriers within the work environment, challenges in disclosing disabilities, insufficient accommodations, and workplace discrimination. Intersectional factors intensify inequities, particularly for BIPOC, women, and those with invisible disabilities. Conclusions: Systemic, intersectional strategies are needed to address ableism, improve policies, and foster inclusive workplace practices." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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(2025): Arbeitsmarktsituation schwerbehinderter Menschen 2024. (Berichte: Blickpunkt Arbeitsmarkt / Bundesagentur für Arbeit), Nürnberg, 25 S.

Abstract

"Häufigste Ursache einer Schwerbehinderung ist eine im Lebensverlauf erworbene Krankheit. Schwerbehinderte Menschen sind daher meist älter; in Folge des demografischen Wandels wird ihre Zahl steigen. Die Erwerbsbeteiligung schwerbehinderter Menschen im Alter von 15 bis unter 65 Jahren lag mit einer Erwerbsquote von 51,4 Prozent im Jahr 2022 deutlich niedriger als bei der nicht-schwerbehinderten Bevölkerung. Die Arbeitsmarktentwicklung für schwerbehinderte Menschen wird weniger durch die Konjunktur und stärker durch rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen und die demografische Entwicklung beeinflusst. Im vergangenen Jahrzehnt stieg die Zahl der beschäftigten schwerbehinderten Menschen nach dem Anzeigeverfahren SGB IX kontinuierlich auf 1,12 Millionen im Jahr 2023, lediglich unterbrochen von der Corona-Pandemie. Schwerbehinderte Menschen arbeiten in allen Branchen. Häufig sind sie im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe oder in der Öffentlichen Verwaltung tätig. 2024 waren durchschnittlich 175.000 schwerbehinderte Menschen arbeitslos (+10.000 im Vergleich zu 2023). Ihre Arbeitslosenquote (mit eingeschränkter Bezugsgröße) lag bei 11,6Prozent. Arbeitslose Menschen mit Schwerbehinderung sind gut qualifiziert: Anteilig finden sich bei schwerbehinderten Arbeitslosen etwas mehr Personen mit abgeschlossener Berufsausbildung als bei nicht-schwerbehinderten Arbeitslosen. Schwerbehinderten Arbeitslosen gelingt es trotzdem seltener als nicht-schwerbehinderten, eine Beschäftigung am ersten Arbeitsmarkt aufzunehmen. Während schwerbehinderte Menschen im Vergleich zu nicht-schwerbehinderten Menschen 2024 anteilig seltener nach einer Beschäftigung am 1. Arbeitsmarkt (inkl. Selbständigkeit und betrieblicher Ausbildung) arbeitslos wurden, profitierten sie seltener bei Abgängen aus Arbeitslosigkeit in den 1. Arbeitsmarkt. Fast die Hälfte der arbeitslosen schwerbehinderten Menschen sind neben ihrer Behinderung von mindestens zwei weiteren vermittlungshemmenden Merkmalen, wie z. B. geringe Qualifikation oder Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit betroffen. 2024 nahmen durchschnittlich 55.600 schwerbehinderte und ihnen gleichgestellte Menschen an Maßnahmen der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik teil, 2.000 weniger als noch 2023." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Alam, Mohammad Shahin, Kelly Williams-Whitt, DuckJung Shin & Mahfooz Ansari (2024): Motivating supervisors during disability accommodation: a comprehensive examination on job demand and resources theories. In: International Journal of Manpower, Jg. 45, H. 7, S. 1385-1408. DOI:10.1108/IJM-10-2023-0620

Abstract

"Purpose: This study develops and tests a comprehensive model that examines whether dimensions of supervisors’ job demands and resources influence their work motivation through their job strain levels while managing disability accommodation (DA). Design/methodology/approach The proposed model leverages the assumptions of established job demand and resources theories, including demand-ability fit, job demand-control, job demand-control-support, and effort-reward balance models. Then, we tested with the quantitative data from 335 British, Canadian, American, Australian, Dutch, and German supervisors with recent DA experience. Findings This study found support for the proposed model. Job control and social support directly affected work motivation, while job strain did not mediate the relationship between job control and social support and work motivation. The results suggest that employers looking to improve the likelihood of DA success should focus on providing adequate job control, social support, and rewards to supervisors responsible for accommodating employees with disabilities. Practical implications This research enhances our understanding of how additional DA responsibilities impact supervisors and aids in the development of effective DA management policies and interventions, providing robust support for practitioners. Originality/value This study contributes to extending the DA literature by testing the applicability of different theoretical models to explain the effect of the additional DA responsibility on supervisors’ job demand, strain, and motivation levels and identify the resources to mitigate them." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))

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Albinowski, Maciej, Iga Magda & Agata Rozszczypała (2024): The employment effects of the disability education gap in Europe. In: Education Economics, S. 1-14. DOI:10.1080/09645292.2024.2395564

Abstract

"We investigate the contribution of the disability education gap to thedisability employment gap in the European Union. We find that educational attainment is a major factor determining the probability of employment among persons with disabilities and that the employment effects of tertiary education are much larger among persons with disabilities than among non-disabled people. We also uncover substantial heterogeneity in the role of education across countries. Overall, weestimate that 19% of the disability employment gap in the 25–34 agegroup can be attributed to the gap in education between individuals with and without disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Albrecht, Joanna & Nadine Hüning (2024): Digitale Teilhabe von Menschen mit einer geistigen Beeinträchtigung. Entwicklung einer Definition, eines Modells und eines Erhebungsinstruments. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, XXVIII, 526 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-44380-1

Abstract

"In diesem Open-Access-Buch wird die Entwicklung einer Definition, eines Modells und eines Erhebungsinstruments Digitaler Teilhabe von Menschen mit geistiger Beeinträchtigung beschrieben. Eine geistige Behinderung wird als Konstrukt verstanden, das durch die ganzheitliche Wechselwirkung zwischen personenbezogenen Faktoren, Gesundheitsproblemen sowie umweltbezogenen Barrieren entsteht. Für die Identifikation der Hilfebedarfe zur Realisierung von Teilhabe ist die ganzheitliche Betrachtung von heterogenen Ursachen, Formen und Ausprägungen unverzichtbar. Der Anspruch auf Teilhabe ist gesetzlich verankert, jedoch führt die digitale Transformation zu neuen gesellschaftlichen Ungleichheiten, die sich als Digital Divide manifestieren. Trotz geringer und heterogener Datenlage zu Ungleichheiten bei Menschen mit (geistiger) Beeinträchtigung sind bereits Hinweise auf eine Digital Disability Divide zu erkennen. Um dieses Forschungsdesiderat aufzuarbeiten, bedarf es eines einheitlichen Begriffsverständnisses Digitaler Teilhabe. Auch müssen Einflussfaktoren eruiert werden, um Ansätze zur Förderung Digitaler Teilhabe zu entwickeln und darauf aufbauend ein Erhebungsinstrument zu entwickeln. Entsprechend verfolgt diese Forschungsarbeit die Entwicklung einer Definition,eines Modells und Erhebungsinstruments Digitaler Teilhabe von Menschen mit geistiger Beeinträchtigung in der Eingliederungshilfe. Die Autorinnen Joanna Albrecht und Nadine Hüning haben an der Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften der Universität Bielefeld promoviert. ." (Verlagsangaben)

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Ananian, Sévane & Giulia Dellaferrera (2024): A study on the employment and wage outcomes of people with disabilities. (ILO working paper / International Labour Organization 124), Geneva, 53 S. DOI:10.54394/YRCN8597

Abstract

"This study investigates the employment and wage disparities between people with and without disabilities. It shows that individuals with disabilities are less likely to participate in the labour market, and that when they do, they face higher unemployment rates, are more likely to be self-employed and tend to earn lower wages. These disparities do not appear to be explained solely by individual characteristics such as educational attainment, experience or occupational category. They are most likely driven by various other factors as well, including limited provision of workplace accommodations in many firms, the potentially greater job flexibility offered by self-employment, and discrimination against people with disabilities. In its final section, the study highlights legal frameworks established at the international and national levels to promote equal opportunities and fair remuneration for people with disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Asuman, Derek, Ulf-G. Gerdtham, Ann I. Alriksson-Schmidt, Martin Nordin & Johan Jarl (2024): Labour market consequences of an early-onset disability: the case of cerebral palsy. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 56, H. 11, S. 1309-1326. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2023.2176447

Abstract

"The labour market consequences of early-onset or congenital disabilities have received little attention in the literature. In this paper, we study the consequences of cerebral palsy (CP), a lifelong early onset disability, and pathways through which it affects labour outcomes. We use data from multiple linked Swedish National Population Registers between 1990 and 2015 and apply both regression and mediation analysis. Our results show, as expected, strong negative consequences of CP on labour outcomes, and that the consequences have increased over time. The social insurance system, we find, compensates for some of the losses through non-work-related benefits. The results also suggest that the direct effects of CP per se have prominent impact on labour market outcomes. Thus, given the same level of mediators, persons with CP will have lower labour outcomes compared to persons without CP. Our results draw attention to the widening labour market consequences of CP in Sweden." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Becker, Sebastian, Annica Gehlen, Johannes Geyer & Peter Haan (2024): Income Effects of Disability Benefits. (DIW-Diskussionspapiere 2098), Berlin, 62 S.

Abstract

"We provide novel evidence about the incentive and welfare effects of an increase in the generosity of disability benefits. Importantly, a unique policy variation in Germany allows us to isolate the income effect of a change in benefit generosity. We leverage this quasi-experimental policy variation using an RD design to estimate the effect of increasing disability benefits on employment, earnings, labor market transitions, and mortality outcomes using administrative data on the universe of new disability benefit recipients. Contrary to previous literature, our analysis reveals no significant impact on the employment and earnings of DI recipients due to the increased benefits. However, we find a sizable effect of the probability of returning to the labor market. We find no effects on recipient mortality six years after benefit award, but estimates imply a notable reduction in poverty risk, highlighting meaningful welfare implications of increased generosity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Berre, Stine (2024): Exploring Disability Disadvantage in Hiring: A Factorial Survey among Norwegian Employers. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 38, H. 4, S. 1087-1106. DOI:10.1177/09500170231175776

Abstract

"The role of disability in producing disadvantage in employers’ hiring assessments was explored in a factorial survey, where a random sample of Norwegian employers (n = 1341) evaluated fictional job-seeker profiles. The results revealed that including an impairment description in a job-seeker profile significantly decreased the likelihood that employers would want to hire a candidate. The degree of disadvantage varied with the type of impairment. Being eligible for a wage subsidy scheme improved employers’ assessments of candidates while including information about other types of support measures did not. Furthermore, when an impairment description was introduced into a job-seeker profile, other crucial characteristics of the job seeker lost some or all of their impact on employers’ assessment scores. These findings are interpreted as disability becoming a ‘master status’ when employers make hiring assessments." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bryan, Mark, Andrew Bryce, Jennifer Roberts & Cristina Sechel (2024): The geography of the disability employment gap: Exploring spatial variation in the relative employment rates of disabled people. (Sheffield economic research paper series / The University of Sheffield, Department of Economics 2024002), Sheffield, 55 S.

Abstract

"The UK is one of the most spatially unequal countries in the developed world, and there is a long recognised need to ‘level up’ the economy. A strong case can be made to suggest that disabled people are particularly disadvantaged when living in a ‘left behind’ area and hence have the most to gain from levelling up. The disability employment gap, that is the difference between the employment rates of non-disabled people and disabled people, was 31 percentage points (pp) in Great Britain as a whole between 2014 and 2019 but ranged from 17pp to 43pp at local (ITL3) level. Using novel decomposition techniques we find that the key drivers of this spatial variation, each explaining similar shares, are local population characteristics and economic structure, including the level and nature of labour demand in geographical areas and the industry composition of the area. However, spatial variation in healthcare capacity, social capital, employer policies towards disability and the stringency of statutory welfare provision do not appear to have an effect on the gap. Our results suggest that locally adapted policies to narrow the gap may be more effective than a one-size-fits-all approach. ER -" (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Böheim, René, Rainer Eppel & Helmut Mahringer (2024): Impact Evaluation of a New Counselling and Support Programme for Unemployed with Multiple Placement Obstacles. (WIFO working papers 672), Wien, 41 S.

Abstract

"We analyzed a new counselling and support program for people with low employment prospects in Austria. The Austrian Public Employment Service introduced regional pilots to investigate whether a new counselling strategy could improve labor market outcomes for this group. Eligible unemployed individuals could opt for third-party counselling and support, access a wide range of low-threshold services, and focus on personal stability rather than job placement. The goal was to achieve similar or even better labor market outcomes at lower cost. By comparing pilot and control regions, we found that introducing the offer resulted in higher costs without improving labor market outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Böheim, René, Rainer Eppel & Helmut Mahringer (2024): Impact evaluation of a new counselling and support programme for unemployed with multiple placement obstacles. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 33, H. 4, S. 995-1011. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12657

Abstract

"We analyzed a new counselling and support program for people with lowemployment prospects in Austria. The Austrian Public Employment Service introduced regional pilots to investigate whether a new counselling strategycould improve labor market outcomes for this group. Eligible unemployed individuals could opt for third-party counselling and support, access a widerange of low-threshold services, and focus on personal stability rather than jobplacement. The goal was to achieve similar or even better labor market out-comes at lower cost. By comparing pilot and control regions, we found that introducing the offer resulted in higher costs without improving labour market outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Chareyron, Sylvain, Yannick L'Horty, Louise Mbaye & Pascale Petit (2024): Discrimination toward the visually impaired and quota policies in the labor market. In: Labour, Jg. 38, H. 4, S. 558-583. DOI:10.1111/labr.12282

Abstract

"We measure discrimination in access to employment toward people with visual impairment in France and explore its relationship with two public policies designed to facilitate the integration of disabled people into the workforce: the obligation on the employer to adapt the workstation, and a quota policy intended to incentivize the hiring of people with disabilities. We use the correspondence test method in combination with a difference-in-differences strategy, to explore the effects of these different policies. We show that applicants with visual impairments face significant discrimination, and we suggest that the level of discrimination is influenced by both policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Collischon, Matthias, Karolin Hiesinger, Laura Pohlan & Emily Breuer (2024): Partizipation am Arbeitsmarkt: Eine Schwerbehinderung hat oft gravierende Folgen für den weiteren Erwerbsverlauf. (IAB-Kurzbericht 22/2024), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2422

Abstract

"Der Kurzbericht präsentiert Ergebnisse einer empirischen Analyse wie das Eintreten einer Schwerbehinderung die individuelle Erwerbsbiografie beeinflusst. Auf Basis von administrativen Daten der Bundesagentur für Arbeit aus der Beschäftigungsstatistik der schwerbehinderten Menschen (BsbM), die mit den Integrierten Erwerbsbiografien (IEB) des IAB verknüpft wurden, werden in den Analysen Personen betrachtet, die im Laufe ihres Erwerbslebens eine Schwerbehinderung erfahren haben, diese vom Versorgungsamt anerkennen ließen und dem Arbeitgeber meldeten. So können Mechanismen wie Arbeitszeitanpassungen, Berufs- und Tätigkeitswechsel oder Gründe, warum ein Austritt aus dem Arbeitsmarkt geschieht, untersucht werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Derbyshire, Daniel W., Emma Jeanes, Esmaeil Khedmati Morasae, Susan Reh & Morwenna Rogers (2024): Employer-focused interventions targeting disability employment: A systematic review. In: Social Science & Medicine, Jg. 347. DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116742

Abstract

"There are a wide range of interventions that are designed to influence employer behavior with respect to the employment of people with disabilities. This study presents the results of a systematic review looking at employer-focused interventions to improve disability employment, focusing on interventions or policies taking placing in high-income countries as per the OECD. This systematic review focuses on a broad range of potential employment-related outcomes, including the employment rate, time to return to work and length of sickness absence. The results of 71 papers that evaluate the effectiveness of a range of interventions were synthesized into a narrative review. Interventions are grouped into six broad categories: anti-discrimination legislation, quota systems, part-time sick leave, graded return to work and wage subsidy schemes. Anti-discrimination legislation is not effective at improving the employment prospects of people with disabilities. There is mixed evidence with respect to quota systems and wage subsidy schemes. However, the availability of part time sick leave or graded return to work are both consistently associated with improved work participation for people with disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))

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Ebener-Holscher, Kathrin & Silke Tophoven (2024): Schnittstellen zu betrieblichen Akteur:innen im Rahmen beruflicher Rehabilitationsprozesse. In: Sozialer Fortschritt, Jg. 73, H. 8-9, S. 671-688. DOI:10.3790/sfo.2024.1445008

Abstract

"Vocational rehabilitation in Germany is particularly characterized by interfaces. On the one hand, due to the large number of actors involved, on the other hand, due to the different stages of the rehabilitation process. Thereby, the interfaces with company actors must be considered as relevant for sustainable labor market integration. However, these interfaces have rarely been analyzed for Germany. How these interfaces are dealt with will be determined on the basis of the results of a mixed-methods research design. The focus is on social workers in vocational rehabilitation service providers who are particularly involved in such interfaces." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ercolani, Marco G. & Emiliya Lazarova (2024): The UK Disability Discrimination Act 2005: Consequences for the education and employment of older children. In: Economics of Education Review, Jg. 100. DOI:10.1016/j.econedurev.2024.102544

Abstract

"We investigate the impact of the 2005 UK Disability Discrimination Act on the educational and employment outcomes for older children with disabilities, using data from the UK Labor Force Surveys. The Act established new legal requirements on employers and qualification awarding bodies to accommodate individuals with disabilities. Furthermore, prior to 2013 children in England and Wales could leave education at age 16, providing a unique opportunity to analyze the 2005 Act's influence on their educational and employment outcomes. Compared to children without disabilities, we found the 2005 Act reduced the likelihood of continuing in education and increased the likelihood of entering the labor market (employed or unemployed) for children meeting both the 1995 Disability Discrimination Act definition of disability and who were reported as work-limited. We also ‘decompose’ average outcomes between children's groups, identifying effects attributable to observable characteristics, discrimination, and unobservable health-related productivity gaps." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))

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Frankenstein, Karen, Julia Hartung-Ziehlke, Benjamin Rink, Dörte Ulka Engelkes, Ludger Kolhoff & Andreas Langer (2024): Digitale Qualifizierung: Chancen für Menschen mit Behinderungen. Ergebnisse eines Modellprojekts. (Perspektiven Sozialwirtschaft und Sozialmanagement), Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 311 S.

Abstract

"Digitale Bildungsangebote können für Menschen mit Behinderungen eine entscheidende Rolle spielen, um grundlegende berufliche Kompetenzen zu erwerben. Das Modellprojekt "diBa" hat sich intensiv mit dieser Thematik befasst. Es konzentrierte sich auf die Entwicklung und Implementierung digitaler Bildungsangebote, die speziell auf die Bedürfnisse von Menschen mit Behinderungen zugeschnitten sind." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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Garoscio, Lidia & Katharina Wiehe (2024): Einsatz von KI in Werkstätten für behinderteMenschen. In: Soziale Sicherheit, Jg. 73, H. 8-9, S. 23-27.

Abstract

"Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen haben bereits Erfahrungen mit dem Einsatz von KI-gestützten Assistenzsystemen gemacht. Diese können Menschen mit Behinderungen in unterschiedlichen Arbeitsbereichen unterstützen. Der Artikel zeigt die Potenziale des Einsatzes anhand einiger Praxisbeispiele auf, diskutiert aber auch dessen Hürden und geht auf die Rolle desProjekts „KI-Kompass Inklusiv“ ein." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Gugushvili, Alexi, Therese Dokken, Jan Grue & Jon Erik Finnvold (2024): Early-life impairments, chronic health conditions, and income mobility. In: The British journal of sociology, Jg. 75, H. 1, S. 56-64. DOI:10.1111/1468-4446.13064

Abstract

"Individuals who have congenital conditions or become disabled early in life tend to have poorer educational and occupational outcomes than non-disabled individuals. Disability is known to be a complex entity with multiple causations, involving, inter alia, physiological, social, economic, and cultural factors. It is established that social factors can influence educational and occupational attainment for disabled people, and current disability policy in many countries, particularly in the Global North, stress the importance of equality of opportunity. However, there is a scarcity of research that explores the specific degrees to which advanced welfare states contribute to the equalization of life chances for individuals with early-life impairments and chronic health conditions. In this study, we use a Norwegian sample of high-quality register data on individuals with vision loss, hearing loss, physical impairment, type 1 diabe-tes, asthma, and Down syndrome diagnosed early in life and compare their intergenerational income mobility trajectories with a random sample drawn from the country's entire population. We find that individuals' early-life diagnoses are linked to significantly worse income outcomes in adulthood than what is observed among the general population. We conclude that even in one of the most advanced egalitarian welfare states, such as Norway, much remains to be done to equalize life chances for individuals with early-life impairments and chronic health conditions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Hall, Caroline, Inés Hardoy & Kristine von Simson (2024): Policies for young adults with reduced work capacity. Labour market impact in Sweden and Norway. In: Journal of Population Economics, Jg. 37. DOI:10.1007/s00148-024-00999-9

Abstract

"The rising numbers of young people with disability pension concerns many advanced economies. We present results from a comparative analysis of the neighbouring countries Sweden and Norway on the impacts of differing policy mixes aimed at enhancing the employability of the work disabled. Using rich longitudinal data, we follow unemployed young adults (ages 25-29) with work-impairment up to four years after they became unemployed to investigate the effect of different types of labor market policies. Our results indicate that, despite differences in program composition and strategies, there are surprisingly small country differences in treatment effect patterns and signs of estimated impacts. In line with previous studies, we find strong lock-in effects of both workplace-related programs and training/educational programs. After participation, workplace-related programmes about double the likelihood of entering regular employment or education. Participating in training courses also increases this likelihood, but effect sizes are smaller." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Hiesinger, Karolin (2024): Essays on the Economics of Sickness Absence, Working Conditions and Health in the Labor Market. Regensburg, 200 S. DOI:10.5283/epub.55427

Abstract

"Für Deutschland wird eine der wichtigsten Herausforderungen der nächsten Jahre darin bestehen, den Fachkräftemangel in einer alternden Gesellschaft zu überwinden. Eine mögliche Maßnahme ist die Beschäftigungsförderung von gesundheitlich eingeschränkten Personen. Daher ist ein Verständnis der relevanten Institutionen zentral, um ein ausgewogenes Verhältnis zwischen Sozialschutz und Beschäftigungsförderung für gesundheitlich beeinträchtigte oder behinderte Menschen zu finden. Ziel dieser Dissertation ist es, die Folgen gesundheitlicher Schocks und die Rolle der Arbeitsbedingungen in Form gesundheitsbezogener Institutionen für die Beschäftigung gesundheitlich beeinträchtigter Arbeitnehmer und Arbeitnehmerinnen auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt zu beleuchten. Dazu wird zunächst analysiert, wie sich der Kündigungsschutz auf die langfristigen krankheitsbedingten Fehlzeiten von Arbeitnehmern und die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer unfreiwilligen Arbeitslosigkeit nach Krankheit auswirkt (Kapitel 1). Danach wird in Kapitel 2 untersucht, ob die Schwerbehindertenquote in Deutschland und ihre Nichteinhaltung die Nachfrage der Unternehmen nach behinderten Beschäftigten beeinflusst. Schließlich werden in Kapitel 3 die individuellen Auswirkungen des Eintritts einer Behinderung auf Beschäftigung und Einkommen beleuchtet." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Hijdra, R. W., S. J. W. Robroek, Y. Sadigh, A. Burdorf & M. Schuring (2024): The effects of an interdisciplinary employment program on paid employment and mental health among persons with severe mental disorders. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 97, H. 3, S. 253-262. DOI:10.1007/s00420-023-02039-7

Abstract

"This study evaluates the effects of the interdisciplinary employment program ‘Work As Best Care (WABC)’ on employment participation and mental health of persons with severe mental disorders. Methods WABC is a ‘work first’ employment program for unemployed persons with severe mental disorders in which employment professionals work closely together with mental health professionals. In a longitudinal non-randomized controlled study, participants of WABC (n = 35) are compared with participants of the control group (n = 37), who received regular employment support. Participants were followed for 1 year and filled out questionnaires on individual characteristics and health at baseline, after 6 and 12 months. This information was enriched with monthly register data on employment status from 2015 until 2020. Difference-in-differences analyses were performed to investigate changes in employment participation among participants of WABC and the control group. A generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to compare changes in mental health (measured on 0–100 scale) between the two groups. Before WABC, employment participation was 22.0%points lower among participants of WABC compared to the control group. After starting WABC, employment participation increased with 15.3%points per year among participants of WABC, compared to 5.6%points in the control group. Among all participants of WABC, no change in mental health was found (β 1.0, 95% CI − 3.4; 5.5). Only female participants of WABC showed a significant change in mental health (β 8.0, 95% CI 2.6; 13.4). To enhance employment participation of persons with severe mental disorders, an interdisciplinary ‘work-first’ approach in which professionals of employment services and mentalhealth services work in close collaboration, is of paramount importance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Ixmeier, Sebastian, Pia Buck & Dieter Münk (Hrsg.) (2024): Chancen für Alle durch (berufliche) Bildung. Inklusion und Teilhabe für Menschen mit gesundheitlicher Beeinträchtigung. (Berufsbildung, Arbeit und Innovation 81), Bielefeld: wbv Publikation, 293 S. DOI:10.3278/9783763976386

Abstract

"Die Förderung gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe von Menschen mit gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen gewinnt in Deutschland zunehmend an Bedeutung. Dieses Ziel wird durch verschiedene sozial- und bildungspolitische Maßnahmen verfolgt, die darauf abzielen, Chancengleichheit und gleichberechtigte Teilhabe in allen Lebensbereichen zu ermöglichen. Der Sammelband bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über die Zusammenhänge zwischen beruflicher Bildung und Teilhabeförderung für Menschen mit gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen. Er richtet sich an Entscheidungsträger, Praktiker und die interessierte Fachöffentlichkeit und kombiniert Beiträge einer Fachveranstaltung mit aktuellen Forschungsergebnissen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © wbv)

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Jones, Melanie (2024): The disability pay gap in the UK: What is the role of the public sector? In: Labour Economics, Jg. 91. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102642

Abstract

"Using data from the UK Quarterly Labour Force Survey we provide the first evidence on variation in the disability pay gap between the public and private sector. Decomposing the disability pay gap at the mean we find evidence of a sizable unexplained pay gap in both sectors, but this is narrower in the public relative to the private sector, consistent with greater pay equality in the public sector. The unexplained disability pay gap increases across the pay distribution particularly in the private sector, suggesting a ‘glass ceiling’. As such, our evidence suggests the public sector provides relative protection for disabled employees, especially at the top end of the wage distribution. This appears to be driven by the influence for females." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))

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Lee, Siha (2024): Spousal labor supply, caregiving, and the value of disability insurance. In: International Economic Review, Jg. 65, H. 4, S. 1681-1716. DOI:10.1111/iere.12712

Abstract

"This article evaluates the insurance value of the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program among married households when wives face a trade-off between market hours and spousal care following their husbands' disability. Event study analyses show that wives' labor supply responses to their husbands' disability are small, and instead, a considerable amount of time is spent in spousal care. Using a dynamic structural model, I find that incorporating time loss due to spousal care increases the insurance value of SSDI relative to its costs. Finally, budget-neutral policy reforms that subsidize the cost of care can improve social welfare." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Nadai, Eva & Anna Gonon (2024): Die Beschäftigung von gesundheitlich beeinträchtigten Arbeitskräften als betriebliche Kompromissbildung. In: Sozialer Fortschritt, Jg. 73, H. 8-9, S. 635-651. DOI:10.3790/sfo.2024.1445006

Abstract

"Auf der Basis zweier qualitativer Studien untersucht der Beitrag die Weiterbe- schäftigung von Arbeitskräften mit gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen aus konventionensoziologischer Perspektive. Beschäftigungsentscheidungen wer- den als Kompromisse zwischen unterschiedlichen Bewertungs- und Koordina- tionslogiken verstanden, die sich auf inner- und außerbetriebliche Formate stützen. Alltagsweltlich sprechen die befragten Akteur:innen von der sozialen Verantwortung, die sich an den Grenzen ökonomischer Realität ausrichten müsse. Diese „ökonomische Realität“ wird durch Managementsysteme zur Leis- tungssteuerung und die Arbeitsorganisation bestimmt, während „soziale Ver- antwortung“ durch Formate wie Sozialversicherungen und rechtliche Regulie- rungen ermöglicht und begrenzt wird. Betriebe sind eher zur temporären Dul- dung von behinderten Mitarbeitenden bereit als zu dauerhaften Anpassungen der Arbeitsorganisation oder der Leistungsnormen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Ornig, Nikola, Mara Bartling, Katharina Vasilakis, Harry Fuchs, Michael Seidel & Reza Shafaei (2024): Untersuchung der Auswirkungen der Neufassung der den Leistungszugang in der Eingliederungshilfe konkretisierenden Verordnung (Vorabevaluation Leistungsberechtigter Personenkreis). (Forschungsbericht / Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales 630), Berlin, 135 S.

Abstract

"Die Vorabevaluation des Entwurfs der „Verordnung über den Leistungszugang in der Eingliederungshilfe“ (VOLE) hat das Ziel, vor Einführung einer neuen Verordnung zu erwartende Veränderungen hinsichtlich des leistungsberechtigten Personenkreises zu untersuchen. Insbesondere soll die VOLE gegenüber der bislang maßgeblichen Eingliederungshilfe-Verordnung (EinglHV) vor dem Hintergrund des Ziels bewertet werden, den Personenkreis dem Grunde nach unverändert zu lassen. Die interdisziplinär angelegte Untersuchung im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Arbeit und Soziales (BMAS) führte hierfür juristische, medizinische und sozialwissenschaftliche Analysen zusammen. Im Ergebnis wird konstatiert, dass bei Einführung der vorliegenden Fassung der §§ 2 und 4 VOLE weder eine Ausweitung noch eine Einschränkung des beschriebenen Personenkreises zu erwarten ist. Jedoch ist festzuhalten, dass die drei Formulierungsalternativen zu § 3 VOLE in unterschiedlichem Umfang zu einer Ausgrenzung eines Teils des bisher von § 2 EinglHV erfassten Personenkreises führen. Damit die mit der Einführung der neuen medizinischen Oberbegriffe angestrebte Rechtsklarheit und einheitliche Rechtsanwendung erreicht werden kann, bedarf es laut Untersuchung einer Überarbeitung hinsichtlich der Verwendung medizinischer Begriffe." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Paul, Karsten Ingmar & Alfons Hollederer (2024): Arbeitsplatzverluste bei Menschen mit Schwerbehinderung während der Covid-19-Pandemie. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 77, H. 3, S. 201-209. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2024-3-201

Abstract

"Von sozialer Ungleichheit sind Menschen mit Behinderungen in vielerlei Hinsicht besonders stark betroffen. Mit sozial- und arbeitsmarktpolitischen Mitteln wird seit langem versucht, den Nachteilen entgegenzuwirken, mit denen sie konfrontiert sind. Trotzdem ist unumstritten, dass dieser Personenkreis nach wie vor eine besonders vulnerable Gruppe ist. Während der Covid-19-Pandemie verschärften sich die Gefährdungslagen für Menschen mit Behinderungen nicht nur in Bezug auf ihre Gesundheit, möglicherweise trugen sie auch ein höheres Risiko, ihren Arbeitsplatz zu verlieren. Die Studie, über die in diesem Beitrag berichtet wird, hat genauer untersucht, ob das der Fall war und welche Faktoren dabei wirksam waren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Queri, Silvia (2024): WorkWatch: Ein quantitatives, standardisiertes Bedarfsbemessungsinstrument zur Verbesserung der Rechtssicherheit im Rahmen der Eingliederungshilfe zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben. In: Sozialer Fortschritt, Jg. 73, H. 10, S. 725-744. DOI:10.3790/sfo.2024.1439101

Abstract

"Die aktuelle Praxis der gemäß Gesetz an der ICF orientierten Bedarfsbemessung für personale Hilfen im Rahmen der Eingliederungshilfe macht verschiedene Konflikte deutlich, v. a. die fehlende Operationalisierung von Teilhabe in der ICF. Die Entwicklung eines standardisierten, quantitativen Bedarfsbemessungsinstrumentes kann zumindest in einigen Aspekten eine höhere Rechtssicherheit herstellen: a) gleiches Leistungsspektrum für alle b) Transparenz die möglichen Leistungen betreffend c) relationale Leistungszuteilung nach Bedarf bei begrenzten Mitteln d) Ermittlung des Hilfebedarfs anhand eines einfachen Algorithmus. Die notwendige psychometrische Güte (Reliabilität und Validität) konnte für WorkWatch in einer Pilotstudie bereits nachgewiesen werden, weshalb eine Ergänzung des Gesamtplanverfahrens empfohlen wird. Offen bleibt allerdings, ob Teilhabe damit exhaustiv operationalisiert ist und gesellschaftlich-politisch konsentiert werden wird." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Reims, Nancy, Silke Tophoven & Angela Rauch (2024): Bedingungen für gelingende berufliche Reha-Verläufe von Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen aus der Perspektive verschiedener Akteure. In: Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, Jg. 70, H. 3, S. 1-25., 2024-07-07. DOI:10.1515/zsr-2024-0006

Abstract

"Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen sind mit besonderen Herausforderungen bei der Integration und Reintegration in den Arbeitsmarkt konfrontiert. Leistungen zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben (LTA) sollen dabei unterstützen. Der vorliegende Beitrag blickt auf die Situation von Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen in LTA der Bundesagentur für Arbeit aus verschiedenen Perspektiven. Auf Grundlage von qualitativen Interviews mit Tätigen bei Leistungserbringern, in Agenturen für Arbeit und Jobcentern sowie von beruflichen Rehabilitand*innen mit psychischen Erkrankungen selbst werden Gelingensbedingungen für ihre berufliche Rehabilitation und Arbeitsmarktintegration auf verschiedenen Ebenen herausgearbeitet. Mehr Individualität und Flexibilität in der Maßnahmeerbringung, eine kontinuierliche Betreuung und der Faktor Zeit, z. B. durch einerseits zu lange Wartezeiten und andererseits zu wenig Zeit in der Klärungsphase (Diagnostik, Assessment), im Rehabilitationsprozess und für die Nachsorge, stellen sich dabei als zentral heraus." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter)

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Ruppel, Emily H. (2024): How Work Becomes Invisible: The Erosion of the Wage Floor for Workers with Disabilities. In: American sociological review, Jg. 89, H. 5, S. 907-936. DOI:10.1177/00031224241268201

Abstract

"How does work come to be constructed as a service to the worker? In the United States, the payment of subminimum wages to disabled workers has been legal since 1938 and was entrenched by 1986 legislation eliminating the previously mandated floor of 50 percent of the minimum wage. This article draws on primary historical materials to explain the passage of these amendments, which I analyze as a case of delaborization, a process through which work is mystified as such and reclassified as something else (e.g., service). I find that the managers of segregated workshops for disabled manual laborers rose to control disability employment policy in the aftermath of deinstitutionalization. Professionals mobilized disability stigma to frame the subminimum wage as a social welfare issue subject to their expertise and to lobby successfully for its entrenchment. Weaknesses in the disability–labor coalition enabled this seizure of jurisdiction. This research illuminates professional expertise, the withdrawal of labor unions, and identity-based stigma as major mechanisms driving delaborization, an important contemporary influence on the organization of work. The case of the subminimum wage thus develops sociological literatures on labor, disability, and politics." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Schimmele, Christoph, Sung-Hee Jeon & Rubab Arim (2024): Workplace Accommodations and the Labor Force Status of Persons with Disabilities. In: Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation. DOI:10.1007/s10926-024-10239-2

Abstract

"The aim of the study is to examine the role of unmet needs for workplace accommodations (WPA) in the labor force status of persons with disabilities (PWD) aged 25–64 years." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Seeland, Antonia (2024): Reformbedarf: Gleichstellung von Menschen mit Behinderungen - Teil 2. In: Gute Arbeit, Jg. 36, H. 5, S. 36-39.

Abstract

"Menschen mit Behinderungen fassen nur schwer im ersten Arbeitsmarkt Fuß. Ansätze und Handlungsbedarfe zur Förderung der Barrierefreiheit und Inklusion, nicht nur im Arbeitsleben, zeigte eine Fachtagung auf. Im 2. Teil des Beitrags geht es um die Schwerbehindertenvertretung und die betrieblichen Interessenvertretungen: Sie haben Optionen zur Teilhabegestaltung." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Seib, Jessica Denise & Désirée Laubenstein (2024): Dem Übergangsmanagement von Schule – Beruf zum Trotz – Herausforderungen der Integration von benachteiligten Jugendlichen in den Ausbildungs- und Arbeitsmarkt. In: T. Middendorf & A. Parchow (Hrsg.) (2024): Junge Menschen in prekären Lebenslagen, S. 252-262.

Abstract

"In der dargestellten Analyse zur Situation benachteiligter Jugendlicher im Übergangsmanagement Schule–Beruf erscheint unbestritten, dass diese Gruppe(n) von Jugendlichen von individuellen und kontinuierlichen Gesprächen innerhalb der Berufsorientierung langfristiger profitieren, weil diese verschiedene Selbstreflexionsprozesse anstoßen und zur Bildung eines beruflichen Narrativs führen. Diese Gespräche können integraler Bestandteil sowohl der Berufsorientierung als auch der Ausbildungsvorbereitung sein. Hierdurch kann ein längerer, konstanter Zeitraum zur beruflichen Perspektiveröffnung ermöglicht werden als es beispielsweise einmalige Angebote wie Potenzialanalyse oder Kompetenzfeststellungsverfahren vermögen. Die Inhalte können zudem die übergeordneten Themen von Persönlichkeitsentwicklung, berufliche Visionen und Berufswahl, aber auch praktische Herausforderungen im Rahmen von Ausbildungsplatzsuche und Bewerbungsverfahren sowie individuelle Herausforderungen und persönliche Schwierigkeiten beim Übergang Schule–Ausbildung/Beruf der Jugendlichen behandeln und damit die Themen der Übergangsbegleitung des KaoA-Konzepts abdecken (vgl. MAGS NRW 2020, S. 87). Im Rahmen dieses begleiteten Berufsfindungsprozesses wäre jedoch neben sprachlichen Angebotsstrukturen über weitere Darstellungsformen für benachteiligte Jugendliche zur Performanz ihrer berufsbezogenen Kompetenzen, beruflichen Interessen und Wünsche nachzudenken, da sich gerade rein verbale Reflexionsprozesse aufgrund eingeschränkter Ausdrucksmöglichkeiten als Barriere für diese Jugendlichen erweisen können. In diesem Zusammenhang wäre eine Kombination aus einem Kollaborationsboard in leichter Sprache mit vielfältigen Visualisierungen vorstellbar, auf dem Schüler*innen selbstständig ihre Dokumente sammeln und über diese mit den jeweiligen Akteur*innen, z. B. Lehrkräften, Schulsozialarbeiter*innen, Berufsbegleiter*innen oder Berufsberater*innen, die die Schüler*innen selbst einladen, ins Gespräch kommen. Ein multimodales Portfolioinstrument würde es den Jugendlichen nicht nur ermöglichen individuelle berufliche Interessen zu dokumentieren, sondern selbstinitiierte Performanzen in Form von Videoclips, Pitches oder digitalen Dokumentationen zu erstellen, die eine alternative, aussagekräftige Präsentationsform, auch für potenzielle Arbeitgeber*innen, darstellt und damit eine berufliche Anschlussperspektive für benachteiligte Jugendliche bieten könnte." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku, © Beltz Juventa)

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Vinck, Julie (2024): Exploring the disability–poverty nexus in children: a cross-national comparative analysis in Europe. In: The Journal of Poverty and Social Justice, Jg. 32, H. 1, S. 65-99. DOI:10.1332/17598273y2023d000000006

Abstract

"By ratifying the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, states committed themselves to ensure an adequate standard of living and social protection to all persons with disabilities, including children. Yet, prior studies showed that children with disabilities are more likely to grow up poor. Existing research has mainly focused on single-country case studies or comparative analyses for low- and middle-income countries. Due to the lack of good quality data, comparative studies on poverty outcomes, its determinants and the poverty-reducing role of social transfers among children with disabilities in high-income countries are largely missing. This article addresses these gaps using the 2017 EU-SILC cross-sectional survey. The results show great differences across Europe in the prevalence of childhood disability, the poverty outcomes of children with disabilities and the poverty-reducing effectiveness of social transfers for them. In only a third of European countries are children with disabilities more likely to live in poor households than children without disabilities. Countries that perform weakly for children without disabilities also perform weakly for children with disabilities. Moreover, social transfers achieve more for children with disabilities in more than half of European countries. The family’s employment participation and social background have the expected poverty-reducing effects for children with disabilities and children without disabilities, though the strength of some effects differs between the two groups within certain geographical regions. However, the income-based poverty indicator disregards the higher costs families with children with disabilities face which underestimates their poverty risk. More research is needed on which poverty indicator accurately reflects the real living standards of children with disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Policy Press) ((en))

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Vollmer, Kirsten (2024): Nachteilsausgleich in der Berufsbildung: Schlüssel und Stellschraube für Inklusion und Fachkräftequalifizierung. Aktuelle Erkenntnisse und Handlungsempfehlungen. (BIBB Fachbeiträge zur beruflichen Bildung / Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung), Bonn, 42 S.

Abstract

"Der Fachbeitrag stellt den Nachteilsausgleich in der Berufsbildung als Schlüssel und Stellschraube zur Inklusion behinderter Menschen und zur Fachkräftequalifizierung vor. Grundlegende Ausführungen zur rechtlichen Verankerung des Anspruchs auf Nachteilsausgleich in Grundgesetz, VN-Konvention für die Rechte von Menschen mit Behinderung, Berufsbildungsgesetz und Handwerksordnung rücken die zuständigen Stellen in der Berufsbildung als wesentliche Akteure ins Blickfeld. Dazu werden ausgewählte Ergebnisse eines aktuellen BIBB-Projekts zur Umsetzung der berufsbildungsgesetzlichen Vorgaben zum Nachteilsausgleich in der Berufsbildungspraxis und daraus abgeleitete Schlussfolgerungen und Handlungsempfehlungen für die Berufsbildungspolitik und Berufsbildungspraxis präsentiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Waldschmidt, Anne, Fabian Rombach, Sarah Karim & Lisa Prior (2024): Und „das Arbeitsamt hat halt gesagt …“: Komplexe Akteure als Dispositivelemente in Erwerbsbiographien von Menschen mit Behinderungen. In: Soziale Probleme, H. 2, S. 202-220. DOI:10.3262/sp2402202

Abstract

"Bei der Bearbeitung des sozialen Problems Behinderung hat die Teilhabe an Arbeit und Beschäftigung einen hohen Stellenwert. Entsprechend sind Dispositive der Erwerbsarbeit und Behinderung eng miteinander verkoppelt. Vor allem die staatliche Arbeitsverwaltung stellt ein strukturell machtvolles Dispositivelement dar. Auf dieser Folie untersucht der Beitrag, welche Erfahrungen behinderte Menschen mit der Bundesagentur für Arbeit machen. Im Ergebnis zeigt die Analyse qualitativ-empirischer Interviews, dass die Bundesagentur als komplexer Akteur individuelle Zugänge zum Arbeitsmarkt ermöglicht oder blockiert. Auf die disponierende Praxis der Behörde reagieren die interviewten Personen ihrerseits sowohl mitwirkend als auch widerständig. Mehrheitlich präsentieren sie sich als selbsttätige Subjekte, die an (Erwerbs-)Arbeit teilnehmen wollen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Centaurus Verlag & Media)

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Zick-Varul, Matthias & Silvia Keller (2024): Durch den Reha-Dschungel: Junge Menschen mit psychischer Erkrankung auf dem Weg in Ausbildung und Beruf – Herausforderungen für die Soziale Arbeit. In: T. Middendorf & A. Parchow (Hrsg.) (2024): Junge Menschen in prekären Lebenslagen, S. 205-215.

Abstract

"Auch in Zeiten des Fachkräftemangels und unbesetzter Ausbildungsplätze bleibt der Zugang zu und Verbleib in Ausbildung und Beruf für junge Menschen mit psychischer Erkrankung besonders schwer. Im Folgenden werden wir – basierend unter anderem auf Erträgen aus dem Projekt Work4Psy1 – bestehende Hürden und Hindernisse darstellen sowie die Rolle der Sozialen Arbeit im Vorfeld von und in Begleitung während der beruflichen Unterstützung durch die Arbeitsagentur skizzieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Beltz Juventa)

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(2024): Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen (WfbM). Entgeltsystematik und Übergang in den allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt. (Sachstand / Deutscher Bundestag, Wissenschaftliche Dienste), Berlin, 15 S.

Abstract

"In der folgenden Arbeit soll auf ausgewählte Aspekte zu Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen eingegangen werden. Dabei sollen hier insbesondere Fragen zu den Aufgaben der Werkstatt für behinderte Menschen, zur Entgeltsystematik, zum Verhältnis von Einkommen aus der Arbeit in der Werkstatt für behinderte Menschen und Sozialleistungen zur Sicherung des Lebensunterhalts sowie zum Wechsel von einer Tätigkeit in einer entsprechenden Werkstatt in den allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt näher betrachtet werden. Schließlich werden ausgewählte statistische Angaben, etwa zur Anzahl von in Deutschland bestehenden Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen und den hier Beschäftigten, dargestellt." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Abend, Sonja (2023): Forschen mit Sehbehinderung: Die Herausforderungen bleiben groß (Serie "Inklusion - eine Herausforderung für Wissenschaft und Praxis"). In: IAB-Forum H. 13.06.2023 Nürnberg. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20230613.01

Abstract

"Forschungseinrichtungen können ähnlich wie Unternehmen von divers zusammengesetzten Teams profitieren. Dies gilt auch und gerade für Menschen mit Behinderung. Technische Arbeitshilfen erleichtern heute die Inklusion in Bildungssystem und Arbeitsmarkt zwar erheblich. Dennoch bedarf es etwa in der Wissenschaft zusätzlicher Anstrengungen, nicht zuletzt finanzieller Art, um tatsächlich gleiche Zugangs- und Teilhabechancen zu gewährleisten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Afeworki Abay, Robel (2023): Dekolonialisierung des Wissens: Eine partizipative Studie zu Diskriminierung und Teilhabe an Erwerbsarbeit von BIPoC mit Behinderungserfahrungen. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 342 S. DOI:10.18452/27507

Abstract

"Die voranschreitende Geopolitik geht mit komplexen Formen epistemischer Gewalt eurozentristischer Wissensordnungen einher. Diese zeigt sich auch in der Weitertradierung komplexitätsreduzierender Wissensproduktion sowohl über Behinderung als auch über Migration/Flucht: Es wird wiederholt über die Betroffenen, statt mit ihnen gesprochen. Robel Afeworki Abay widmet sich der Diskriminierung und Teilhabe an Erwerbsarbeit von BIPoC mit Behinderungserfahrungen und beleuchtet aus postkolonialen und intersektionalen Perspektiven die Zugangsbarrieren und Bewältigungsressourcen der Betroffenen. In seiner partizipativen Studie legt er dar, dass epistemische Gewalt hierbei als konstitutiver Bestandteil der Kolonialität des Wissens fungiert." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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Altwicker-Hámori, Szilvia (2023): Labour market integration of disability insurance benefit applicants in Switzerland. Evidence from linked survey and administrative data. In: Alter - European Journal of Disability Research, Jg. 17, H. 1, S. 69-86.

Abstract

"The increased labor market participation of individuals with disabilities remains a key policy priority for European governments. This study therefore aimed to examine factors promoting the labor market integration of disability insurance benefit (DB) applicants and those entitled to integration and occupational measures in Switzerland. A novel dataset was created via linking the 2018 Swiss Labor Force Survey (SLFS) to administrative register data (2000-2017). Multiple logistic regression was used to analyse the associations between demographic, socioeconomic, health, and regional characteristics and economic activity in working-age DB applicants (N=9,309) and those entitled to integration and occupational measures (N=5,753). Being male, living with an employed partner, having upper secondary or tertiary education, and being able to participate in the SLFS in the language of the language region of residence were associated with higher odds of economic activity. Higher odds of economic activity were also found for those not reporting long-term health-related activity limitations or chronic morbidity and for younger age groups. Individuals residing in the Lake Geneva Region and Ticino were less likely to be economically active relative to their counterparts living in Espace Mittelland. Most importantly, the results imply that education beyond the lower secondary level as well as language proficiency are essential for the economic activity of DB applicants and those entitled to integration and occupational measures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Auer, Eva (2023): Zur Arbeitsmarktsituation von Personen mit gesundheitlichen Vermittlungseinschränkungen. (AMS-Spezialthema zum Arbeitsmarkt / Arbeitsmarktservice Österreich), Wien, 6 S.

Abstract

"Im Jahr 2022 waren insgesamt 76.653 Personen mit gesundheitlichen Vermittlungseinschränkungen arbeitslos vorgemerkt oder in Schulungsmaßnahmen, 15.611 bzw. 16,9% weniger als im Jahresdurchschnitt 2021. Auch im Vergleich zum Jahr 2019 ging die Zahl der Personen mit Beeinträchtigungen mit minus 10,6% deutlich zurück. Rund 18% der vorgemerkten Personen hatten eine Behinderung gemäß Behinderteneinstellungsgesetz oder Landesbehindertengesetz bzw. einen Behindertenpass. Die restlichen 82% der arbeitslos Vorgemerkten bzw. Schulungsteilnehmer_innen mit gesundheitlichen Problemen erbrachten den Nachweis der eingeschränkten Vermittelbarkeit durch ein (fach)ärztliches Gutachten. „Erfreulicherweise konnte auch die Gruppe der arbeitssuchenden Menschen mit gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen von der guten Konjunktur des Jahres 2022 profitieren. Trotzdem bleibt die Jobsuche für Betroffene alles andere als einfach. Das zeigt sich daran, dass sie im Schnitt fast doppelt so lange einen Job suchen. Unternehmen mit Personalbedarf kann ich – insbesondere in dieser Arbeitsmarktlage – dringend empfehlen, bewusst auch in dieser Personengruppe ihre nächsten Mitarbeiter_innen zu suchen.“ so Johannes Kopf, Vorstandsmitglied." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Ballo, Jannike Gottschalk & Andreea Ioana Alecu (2023): Predicting stable employment trajectories among young people with disabilities. In: Journal of education and work, Jg. 36, H. 6, S. 408-425. DOI:10.1080/13639080.2023.2254271

Abstract

"Research aiming to explain disabled people's inequalities in the labour market has primarily focused on transitional factors between school and work, wage gaps, or socioeconomic background characteristics as explanations for (no-)entry in the labour market. There is a lack of longitudinal studies that map how disabled people fare in the labour market over time. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to identify, describe and predict stable employment paths of long-term disabled people. Our study employs detailed longitudinal data with total coverage of the Norwegian population - we focus on 11 birth cohorts (1973-83) of disabled individuals and we follow their employment trajectories between the ages 20 and 34. To describe employment trajectories and create a typology of longitudinal labour market attachments, we employ sequence analysis and subsequently linear probability models to analyse the association between the disability's severity, gender, educational enrolment, early-work experience and employment trajectories. We identify four main types of trajectories: permanently work-disabled, stable employment, early marginalisation, and unstable employment. Our findings indicate that men are more likely than women to have stable employment trajectories. Starting higher education, as well as parental higher education, is linked with the likelihood of stable employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Barnay, Thomas & Éric Defebvre (2023): Working conditions and disabilities in French workers: a career-long retrospective study. (HAL open science), Paris, 22 S. DOI:10.15609/annaeconstat2009

Abstract

"This study aims to estimate the causal impact of detrimental working conditions on disabilities in France. Using a rebuilt retrospective lifelong panel and defining indicators for physical and psychosocial strains, we implement a mixed econometric strategy relying on difference-in-differences and matching methods to take into account for selection biases as well as unobserved heterogeneity. For men and women, deleterious effects of both types of working conditions on disability after exposure are found, with varying patterns of impacts according to the nature and magnitude of the strains. These results provide insights into the debate on legal retirement age postponement and justify not only policies being enacted early in individuals' careers in order to prevent subsequent mid-career health repercussions, but also schemes that are more focused on psychosocial risk factors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Barnay, Thomas & Éric Defebvre (2023): Work strains and disabilities in French workers: A career-long retrospective study. In: Labour, Jg. 37, H. 3, S. 385-408. DOI:10.1111/labr.12252

Abstract

"This study aims to estimate the causal impact of detrimental working conditions on the self-reported disabilities in France. Using a retrospective lifelong panel, we implement a mixed econometric strategy that relies on difference-in-differences and matching methods to take into account for selection biases as well as unobserved heterogeneity. Deleterious effects from exposure on disability are found, depending on the nature and magnitude of the strains. These results provide insights into the debate on legal retirement age postponement and justify policies being enacted early in individuals' careers, but also schemes that are more focused on psychosocial risk factors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Bjørnshagen, Vegar, Dan-Olof Rooth & Elisabeth Ugreninov (2023): Disability, Gender and Hiring Discrimination: A Field Experiment. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16217), Bonn, 38 S.

Abstract

"This article examines disability discrimination in the hiring process and explores variation in how the intersection of disability and gender shapes employers' hiring behavior by occupational context and gender segregation. We use data from a field experiment in which approximately 2,000 job applications with randomly assigned information about disability were sent to Swedish employers with vacancies. We find that nondisabled applicants receive 33 percent more callbacks than similarly qualified wheelchair users despite applying for jobs where the impairment should not interfere with performance. The results indicate no heterogeneity in levels of disability discrimination against men and women on average across occupations or by occupational gender segregation. However, levels of discrimination differ considerably among occupations, varying from no evidence of disability discrimination to discrimination against both disabled men and disabled women as well as cases where disability discrimination is found only against women or only against men. The results thus indicate that disability and gender interact and shape discrimination in distinct ways within particular contexts, which we relate to intersectional stereotyping and norms of gender equality influencing hiring practices but not to declared ambitions for diversity or gender equality legislation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Coll, Catherine & Karim Mignonac (2023): Perceived organizational support and task performance of employees with disabilities: a need satisfaction and social identity perspectives. In: The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Jg. 34, H. 10, S. 2039-2073. DOI:10.1080/09585192.2022.2054284

Abstract

"In this article, we combine insights from basic psychological needs theory and the social identity approach to propose that perceptions of organizational support enhance the basic need satisfaction of employees with disabilities, which yields higher levels of task performance. We also suggest that disability group identification strengthens this mediational process. We tested our hypotheses with two quantitative field studies that were conducted in France and based on matched employee-supervisor data. Using a sample of employees working in companies that specialize in the employment of persons with disabilities, Study 1 aimed to provide initial evidence for the mediating role of basic need satisfaction. Study 2 aimed to replicate the findings of Study 1 in less specific contexts while testing the moderating role of disability group identification. Next, the methodological limitations of these investigations were addressed in two quantitative post hoc studies. The results of these studies support our model and generate new knowledge about whether, why and when the perception of favorable treatment contributes to the job performance of employees with disabilities. We also discuss the practical implications of our findings and provide suggestions for human resources managers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Dinan, Shannon & Normand Boucher (2023): Disability and Employment Policy in Canada: National Policy Variation for Working Age Individuals. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 52, S. 719-739. DOI:10.1017/S0047279421000878

Abstract

"This article analyses and compares disability policies for working-age individuals in Canada with a focus on the mode of policy provision and type of measure to determine the degree to which direct funding is used in this country. To consider policy diversity in this federal system, policies are compared using a mixed-methods approach. Using quantitative methods, federal, provincial and territorial policies are first compared using hierarchical cluster analysis. This provides evidence of three distinct clusters in Canada according to policy provision and measure type. In a second, qualitative analysis, the disability strategies of four provinces’ (British Columbia, Ontario, Newfoundland and Labrador and Quebec) are compared, to determine over arching policy orientations. Findings indicate that policy provision in Canada largely favours money over services. Furthermore, most provinces emphasize either health or integration measures over substantive measures. Despite these commonalities, significant variation persists across Canada. This extends to poverty and disability reduction strategies with two of the four provinces having a broader orientation while the other two provinces focus specifically on employment as a means of social inclusion. The article concludes with a discussion on the state of employment policies for individuals with a disability in Canada." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Falkstedt, Daniel, Melody Almroth, Tomas Hemmingsson, Angelo D'Errico, Maria Albin, Theo Bodin, Jenny Selander, Per Gustavsson & Katarina Kjellberg (2023): Job demands and job control and their associations with disability pension - a register-based cohort study of middle-aged and older Swedish workers. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 96, H. 8, S. 1137-1147. DOI:10.1007/s00420-023-01995-4

Abstract

"Objectives: Job demands and control at work and their combination, job strain, have been studied in relation to risk of disability pension (DP) previously. In the present study, based on registry data, we aimed to deepen the knowledge by analyzing major disease groups among the DPs, dose–response shape of the associations, and potential confounding efects of physical workload. Methods: Approximately 1.8 million workers aged 44 or older and living in Sweden in 2005 were followed up for 16 years, up to a maximum of 65 years of age. We linked mean values of job demands and job control, estimated in a job-exposure matrice (JEM) by gender, to individuals through their occupational titles in 2005. These values were categorized by rank order, and, for the construction of job-strain quadrants, we used a median cut-of. Associations with DP were estimated in Cox proportional-hazards models. Results: In models accounting for covariates including physical workload, low levels of job control were associated with higher risk of DP among both men and women. This association was most clear for DP with a psychiatric diagnosis, although a dose–response shape was found only among the men. High levels of job demands were associated with decreased risk of DP across diagnoses among men, but the same association varied from weak to non-existing among women. The high- and passive job-strain quadrants both showed increased risk of DP with a psychiatric diagnosis. Conclusion: The results suggest that, at the occupational level, low job control, but not high job demands, contributes to an increased incidence of DP, particularly regarding DP with a psychiatric diagnosis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Fogelgren, Mattias, Petra Ornstein, Magnus Rödin & Peter Skogman Thoursie (2023): Is Supported Employment Effective for Young Adults with Disability Pension?: Evidence from a Swedish Randomized Evaluation. In: The Journal of Human Resources, Jg. 58, H. 2, S. 452-487. DOI:10.3368/jhr.58.4.0319-10105R2

Abstract

"This paper reports results from a large-scale randomized experiment evaluating whether a supported employment rehabilitation intervention strategy can improve labor market opportunities for young adults on disability pension better than regular vocational rehabilitation. The supported employment intervention utilizes a caseworker as back-up for the individual during training to reduce employers' risks when hiring an individual with unclear productivity. In total, 1,062 individuals were randomly assigned between interventions. The main results show that 18 months after the start of the project, participants with supported employment have work rates that are approximately 10 percentage points higher than participants who received regular rehabilitation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System) ((en))

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Grammenos, Stefanos (2023): European comparative data on persons with disabilities. Equal opportunities, fair working conditions, social protection and inclusion, health analysis and trends - Data 2021. Brussels, 218 S. DOI:10.2767/747690

Abstract

"As noted, in the framework for the Strategic Plan 2020-2024, the DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion defined a set of impact indicators which are relevant to the socio-economic field. Furthermore, the recovery and resilience plans12 ought to identify relevant indicators to monitor the contribution of the Facility to the reduction of disparities. The indicators can be selected from among those regularly used to report on cohesion policy overall, such as: the unemployment and employment rate, including youth unemployment and employment, the EU social scoreboard and indicators on the performance of education and training systems. In the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure scoreboard, auxiliary indicators include: employment; long-term unemployment rate; activity rate; youth unemployment rate; young people neither in employment nor in education and training; people at risk of poverty or social exclusion; people at risk of poverty after social transfers; severely materially deprived people; and people living in households with very low work intensity. The next harmonised benchmark revisions are planned for 2024. It is important to assess the situation of persons with disabilities in relation to these quantitative indicators. The indicators ought to identify any gap between persons with and without disabilities and reveal any convergence or divergence in relation to the targets. An increasing gap or divergence ought to signal the need for new initiatives. In its capacity, EDE presents and analyses data in order to understand and illustrate the situation of persons with disabilities in Europe. This statistical analysis could be used as an instrument to monitor the effectiveness of national and European policies; assess the situation of persons with and without disabilities; and identify areas where the gap between persons with and without disabilities is decreasing (or increasing)." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hardoy, Ines & Kristine von Simson (2023): Pressing the right button—labour market odds for youth with mental illness. In: Journal of education and work, Jg. 36, H. 7-8, S. 592-607. DOI:10.1080/13639080.2023.2289952

Abstract

"Mental disorders threaten the chances of finishing secondary school and can hinder the school-to-work transitions of afflicted youths. Earlier onset depression predicts the chronicity, recurrence, and severity of episodes throughout life. Using rich, objective mental health data and a battery of variables covering personal and family characteristics, we investigate the impact of Norway’s vocational rehabilitation programs on youths aged 18–23 who are registered as unemployed. Our results indicate that the impact vary with mental health in adolescence, a variable often unavailable in such analyses. Separate analyses for age group 19–21 and 20–23 show that the younger ones with previous diagnosed mental disorders were likely to pursue further education after participating in programs providing work practice; those with no earlier diagnosed mental disorders were prone to pursue ordinary education after completing a training program. For the older age cohorts, aged 20–23, vocational rehabilitation programmes seem counterproductive, irrespective of program type and of whether they were diagnosed with mental health problems in adolescence or not." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hirschberg, Marianne & Felix Welti (2023): European Semester 2022-2023 country fiche on disability equality: Germany. With comparative data Annex provided by EDE. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 46 S. DOI:10.2767/50356

Abstract

"The participation of persons with disabilities in the labor market in Germany is still low and unemployment is high in comparison to other groups. More than 300 000 persons with disabilities are employed in sheltered workshops. They do not have full labor rights, in particular there is no minimum wage, but a reform of sheltered workshop payments has been announced. Their transition rate to the general labor market is very low. There are efforts to increase transition options to the general labor market through the budget for work and the budget for vocational training and through supported employment and single contact units for employers. Still, the effectiveness of these efforts has to be improved. A quota system with a levy for non-compliance is in force. However, many enterprises fail to employ 5 % of persons with severe disabilities as required. The coalition parties in the new Government have announced a rise in the levy for enterprises which do not employ any persons with severe disabilities. A general right to reasonable workplace accommodation and effective workplace accessibility regulations are still lacking. (...) Recent reforms of healthcare and rehabilitation will improve accessibility and specialised services. However, these efforts have not yet been successful enough. A national action plan for an inclusive, accessible and diverse healthcare system has been announced. The division between the public and private health insurance systems is still a problem for persons with disabilities. Equal access and non-discrimination in private health insurance are not properly regulated. Pensions for people with a reduced earning capacity are often insufficient to guarantee a minimum living standard. Recent reforms from 2014 to 2019 have only supported new pensioners. An additional reform will now also increase pensions for those who were pensioners with reduced earning capacity before 2014. The Federal Participation Law of 2018 and 2020 aimed to support deinstitutionalisation. However, there are still disadvantages, especially for people who need long-term care. (...) A completely inclusive school system has still not been achieved. Reforms in the Länder include responsibility to close special schools and to invest in inclusive schools but they are proceeding very slowly. Reasonable accommodation and accessibility in the educational system are still inadequate. (...) The National Reform Program (NRP) 2022 focuses on work transition programs, including single contact points for employers and innovative rehabilitation programs. The NRP 2022 includes a national accessibility programme, which is oriented towards accessible mobility, housing, healthcare and private life." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Inge, Katherine J., Adam P. Sima, Tim Riesen, Paul Wehman & Nancy Brooks-Lane (2023): The Essential Elements of Customized Employment: Results From a National Survey of Employment Providers. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 66, H. 3, S. 170-185. DOI:10.1177/00343552221088256

Abstract

"Customized employment (CE) is designed to meet the specific needs and interests of individuals with disabilities as well as the needs of the employer by using flexible strategies at every stage of employment. The objective of this study was to ask U.S. rehabilitation providers who implement these services to describe the current status of CE service delivery. An online survey was administered to employment professionals from agencies within the United States. Participants responded to questions on the unique characteristics of Discovery and job development, current use of CE services, and information on their personal and agency demographics. Results indicate that there is agreement among CE providers on critical Discovery and job development activities, which suggests that providers are regularly accessing information to inform their practice. There appears to be a gap between what respondents identify as critical activities and how well they are being implemented. Recommendations for providing CE training for providers and provisions for individuals with disabilities are explored." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Maddison, Jane, Jenni Brooks, Katherine Graham & Yvonne Birks (2023): 'They Exist but They Don't Exist': Personal Assistants Supporting Physically Disabled People in the Workplace. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 37, H. 4, S. 1052-1069. DOI:10.1177/09500170221075532

Abstract

"Employment rates in England for disabled people are persistently lower than for non-disabled people. Support from a Workplace Personal Assistant is one way of narrowing this gap. Personal assistance is an empowerment-driven model in which the disabled person controls their support: who provides it, when, how and where. Previous research has focused on the personal assistant role in the home setting. This article draws on data from 32 qualitative interviews in the first UK study to explore personal assistance in the workplace for people with physical and/or sensory impairments. To maintain their enabling role in this external setting, Workplace Personal Assistants needed to strive for occupational invisibility when among the disabled workers’ colleagues: to ‘exist but not exist’. This article examines the Workplace Personal Assistant role as invisible work, applying Hatton’s conceptual framework. The analysis contributes to understanding of workplace personal assistance and ways in which mechanisms can intersect to produce multiple invisibility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Norstedt, Maria & Per Germundsson (2023): Self-employment and disability. The case of support for starting a business in Sweden. In: Journal of Comparative Social Work, Jg. 18, H. 2, S. 154-179. DOI:10.31265/jcsw.v18i2.658

Abstract

"In many countries, self-employment has become a common strategy for achieving inclusion in the labor market. Studies show that the occurrence of self-employment depends not only on individual motives, but also on existing policies and support. In Sweden, labor market measures to include people with disabilities are primarily organized to achieve inclusion through traditional forms of employment, though one tool offered by the SwedishPublic Employment Service is Support to Start a Business. One part of this support is exclusive to people with disabilities. Although the Swedish Public Employment Service is responsible for this specific support, they collaborate with both external state-funded and non-profit actors who assess applicants’ business ideas. Drawing on the methodological approach of institutional ethnography, this article explores how the in-house frontline workers and external actors describe their professional roles, how they make decisions and what the chain of action looks like at multiple sites. Nine representatives from the various organizations that people can meet with when trying to start and run their own business have taken part in semi-structured interviews. The analysis identifies different institutional practices that overlap when people with disabilities apply for support to start their own business: one focusing on the efficient allocation of resources, and the other on the individual’s social and financial welfare by protecting the individuals these organizations meet with from risks connected to economy and health. These two practices reflect a long-standing conflict between control and support in objectives within both labor market policy and social work. This support of self-employment for people with disabilitiesis organized by actors who traditionally have not been studied in research on social work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Paul, Karsten Ingmar & Alfons Hollederer (2023): Unemployment and Job Search Behavior among People with Disabilities during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany. In: International journal of environmental research and public health, Jg. 20. DOI:10.3390/ijerph20116036

Abstract

"Not much is known about how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the labor market experiences of people with disabilities. Since they constitute a generally disadvantaged group in the labor market, it is important to scrutinize whether their position has worsened during these difficult times and how they reacted with regard to their job search behavior. We therefore used data for the year 2020 from a large German panel (Panel Arbeitsmarkt und Soziale Sicherung, PASS), in order to scrutinize the prevalence of unemployment among people with disabilities (N = 739) during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The factors that affected their unemployment status were also analyzed. The study found that people with legally recognized disabilities were more often unemployed than non-disabled people, even when controlling for possible confounding factors such as age, gender, or education. This effect was significant for severe disabilities and marginally significant for minor disabilities. Additionally, the type of disability affected the probability of being unemployed, with cardiovascular diseases, mental illnesses, and musculoskeletal disorders carrying a higher risk. In terms of job-seeking behavior, unemployed people with disabilities reported using some job search methods more frequently than their non-disabled counterparts. However, the intensity of the job search did not differ significantly between the two groups. Further differences were found when analyzing the reasons for abstinence from searching for a job, with unemployed people with disabilities primarily citing health-related factors (with a frequency of over 90%). In summary, health played a pivotal role in determining disabled people’s labor market experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Priestley, Mark (2023): European Semester 2022 - mainstreaming disability equality. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 155 S. DOI:10.2767/480741

Abstract

"The Semester in 2022 built on the exceptional circumstances of the previous policy cycle, resulting from EU response to the COVID-19 crisis. The scope returned to a broader perspective on economic and employment policy co-ordination but remained closely aligned to implementation of the Recovery and Resilience Facility. Some of the key features of previous cycles were resumed, although in streamlined form. These include the submission of National Reform Programmes by the Member States, the preparation of Country Reports by Commission staff, and proposals to the Council for country-specific recommendations. The integration of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into the Semester process also continues. From a disability perspective, the Semester process should give due regard to mainstreaming disability equality in all of its aspects. Disability concerns and data should be visible at each stage of the policy cycle and their coverage should align, wherever possible, with the European Disability Strategy, with national disability strategies and actions plans, and with implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in Europe. These are the key challenges addressed in this synthesis report" (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Reims, Nancy, Angela Rauch & Anton Nivorozhkin (2023): Ersteingliederung in der beruflichen Rehabilitation: Nach einer Reha findet ein höherer Anteil junger Menschen mit Behinderungen Arbeit. (IAB-Kurzbericht 11/2023), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2311

Abstract

"Berufsunerfahrene junge Menschen mit Behinderungen werden im Rahmen der beruflichen Rehabilitation beim Einstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt unterstützt. Die größte Gruppe in der sogenannten Ersteingliederung sind Personen mit Lernbehinderungen. Ihr Anteil ist jedoch rückläufig, während der von Personen mit psychischen Behinderungen stetig steigt. Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene mit Behinderungen, die eine Ausbildung im Rahmen der beruflichen Rehabilitation durchlaufen haben, fassen immer häufiger im Erwerbsleben Fuß. Dabei gilt: Je betriebsnäher die Ausbildung, desto höher sind die Chancen, Arbeit zu finden. Das zeigen Auswertungen administrativer Daten der Bundesagentur für Arbeit für den Zeitraum 2014 bis 2020. Die positive Beschäftigungsentwicklung nach einer beruflichen Rehabilitation hängt nicht zuletzt mit den guten Arbeitsmarktbedingungen und der demografischen Entwicklung zusammen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Sanchez, Jennifer, Michael P. Frain, Ghari Shirley, Devin Rohack & Deyu Pan (2023): Persons With Disabilities in Self-Employment Served by the Federal/State Vocational Rehabilitation System: Differences Between 2011–2013 and 2017–2019. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 66, H. 3, S. 203-214. DOI:10.1177/00343552221102396

Abstract

"Persons with disabilities (PWDs) are disproportionately unemployed, underpaid, and underemployed despite their desire and capacity to work. The U.S. federal/state vocational rehabilitation (VR) program, under the supervision of the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA), is charged with providing services to assist eligible PWDs (VR consumers) in achieving employment. Despite research showing that VR consumers closed to self-employment (vs. non-self-employment closures) have better outcomes, self-employment is often considered as a last resort. Moreover, some evidence suggests self-employment (like non-self-employment) outcomes are associated with VR consumers’ gender and racial/ethnic identity. The objective of this study was to determine trends of case closures in self-employment among PWDs within the VR program from 2011–2013 to 2017–2019 and to examine the effects of gender and race/ethnicity on self-employment outcomes. Variables of interest were obtained from RSA’s Case Service Report (RSA-911) data set for 2011, 2012, 2013, 2017, 2018, and 2019. Data were recoded and analyzed. The number of closures in self-employment declined significantly. Weekly earnings in self-employment increased. Time from application to closure in self-employment decreased. Differences in VR self-employment outcomes by race/ethnicity and gender were noted. Efforts should be made to increase competency in self-employment of VR counselors and promote self-employment within the VR program." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ulstein, Julie (2023): The Impact of Employer Characteristics on Sustaining Employment for Workers with Reduced Capacity: Evidence from Norwegian Register Data. In: Social Policy and Society, S. 1-16. DOI:10.1017/S1474746423000027

Abstract

"Both literature and public policy on work inclusion has shifted towards the demand-side, which recognises that employer engagement is crucial to increase labour market participation and sustained employment for vulnerable groups. Research shows, however, that the implemented demand-side policies have been less than effective. This opens a discussion about barriers to implementation in terms of relevant employer characteristics. By use of Norwegian register data, this article estimates the impact of employer size and extent of implemented disability policies on probability of sustaining employment for workers with reduced capacity, finding that employer size negatively impacts probability of sustaining employment. Extent of implemented disability policies positively impacts probability of sustaining employment, irrespective of employer size. I argue that systematically considering these characteristics can help identify how and where to improve the position of workers with reduced capacity and discuss the implications for public policy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Waddington, Lisa (2023): Striving for an inclusive labor market in Europe: Positive actions and reasonable accommodation to facilitate hiring and employment of persons with disabilities involving employers and employer initiatives. Synthesis report with input from the country experts of the European Disability Expertise (EDE). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 132 S. DOI:10.2767/977872

Abstract

"This synthesis report, and the related country reports, explore positive actions and reasonable accommodation to facilitate hiring and employment of persons with disabilities involving employers and employer initiatives in the open labor market. The research carried out contributes to charting the diversity of actions and supports directed at employers to promote hiring and employment of persons with disabilities in European countries; reveals evidence on the strengths and weaknesses of such arrangements; and thus contributes to increasing knowledge about good practices and provides some insights into prerequisites for implementation. This synthesis report, and the related country reports, cover the 27 Member States of the European Union, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Serbia." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Østerud, Kaja Larsen (2023): Disability Discrimination: Employer Considerations of Disabled Jobseekers in Light of the Ideal Worker. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 37, H. 3, S. 740-756. DOI:10.1177/09500170211041303

Abstract

"Labour market stratification and discrimination of disabled people remains a less researched topic compared to other minorities despite being a notably disadvantaged group. This article explores the employer side of discrimination against disabled jobseekers by using a field experiment conducted in Norway as its point of departure. Through qualitative follow-up interviews, this article investigates employers’ assessments of equally qualified mobility-impaired candidates in a field experiment. The article employs the theoretical perspective of the ideal worker to shed light on how employers evaluate disabled jobseekers against an able-bodied ideal. Although previous literature on disability and the ideal worker has shown the imperative of asserting productivity, the findings in the current article reveal a stronger emphasis on social considerations as grounds for exclusion. The findings show how tacit constructions of the ideal worker not only relate to productivity but also to the creation of the socially integrated workplace." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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(2023): Arbeitsmarktsituation schwerbehinderter Menschen 2022. (Berichte: Blickpunkt Arbeitsmarkt / Bundesagentur für Arbeit), Nürnberg, 23 S.

Abstract

"Häufigste Ursache einer Schwerbehinderung ist eine im Lebensverlauf erworbene Krankheit. Schwerbehinderte Menschen sind daher meist älter; in Folge des demografischen Wandels wird ihre Zahl steigen. Die Erwerbsbeteiligung schwerbehinderter Menschen ist deutlich niedriger als bei der nichtschwerbehinderten Bevölkerung. Die Arbeitsmarktentwicklung für schwerbehinderte Menschen wird weniger durch die Konjunktur und stärker durch rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen und die demografische Entwicklung beeinflusst. Die Zahl der beschäftigten schwerbehinderten Menschen ist seit Jahren kontinuierlich gestiegen. Der Wachstumstrend wurde allerdings in dem von der Corona-Pandemie stark betroffenen Jahr 2020 gestoppt und stagnierte zuletzt. Schwerbehinderte Menschen arbeiten in allen Branchen. Häufig sind sie im Verarbeitendem Gewerbe oder im Öffentlichen Dienst tätig. Im Durchschnitt des Jahres 2022 waren 164.000 schwerbehinderte Menschen arbeitslos (-9.000 im Vergleich zum Vorjahr). Arbeitslose Menschen mit Schwerbehinderung sind gut qualifiziert: Anteilig finden sich bei schwerbehinderten Arbeitslosen etwas mehr Personen mit abgeschlossener Berufsausbildung als bei nichtschwerbehinderten Arbeitslosen. Schwerbehinderten Arbeitslosen gelingt es trotzdem seltener als nicht-schwerbehinderten, eine Beschäftigung am ersten Arbeitsmarkt aufzunehmen. Die Dynamik der Arbeitslosigkeit ist bei schwerbehinderten Arbeitslosen deutlich geringer als bei nichtschwerbehinderten. Die Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit und der Anteil der Langzeitarbeitslosen sind daher deutlich höher. Die Zahl der schwerbehinderten Menschen in Instrumenten der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik lag 2022 unter dem Vorjahresniveau." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Abstract

"This policy brief, prepared by the OECD and European Commission, explores the potential of entrepreneurship policy to support the labour market participation of people with disabilities. Disabilities vary widely in type, severity, stability, duration and time of onset, and these characteristics influence individual capacities and willingness to be active in the labour market. Self-employment can be appropriate for some in this population because it can provide more flexibility than paid employment in terms of workload, work schedule and work location, which can allow for better management of disability and lifestyle. This brief provides an overview of the policy rationale for entrepreneurship support for people with disabilities and provides a brief overview of the scale and nature of self-employment activities by people with disabilities and suggests potential actions for governments." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

"The right of persons with disabilities to work and be employed on an equal basis with others is enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which has been ratified by all EU Member States. Principle 17 of the European Pillar of Social Rights reaffirms the right of persons with disabilities to services that enable them to participate in the labor market and a work environment adapted to their needs. Closing the employment gap between persons with and without disabilities is one of the objectives of the Strategy for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2021-2030, which invited Member States to set national targets for employment and adult learning for persons with disabilities. One of the Strategy’s seven flagship initiatives is the Disability Employment Package. The Package aims to improve the labour market outcomes of persons with disabilities by providing guidance and good practices for employers, employers’ associations, and public authorities, as well as by raising awareness about persons with disabilities and by combating stereotypes. (...) This catalogue, which the Commission produced with the help of the European Disability Expertise (EDE) project and the members of the Disability Platform subgroup on employment, is one of the Package’s deliverables. It publicises positive actions carried out by employers and public authorities in Europe to hire persons with disabilities. Those actions can be considered good practices and serve as an inspiration for employers, employers’ organizations, public authorities, trade unions and other stakeholders that support employment of persons with disabilities." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Achatz, Juliane, Nancy Reims, Malte Sandner & Brigitte Schels (2022): Disadvantaged young people find the transition from school to work particularly difficult. In: IAB-Forum H. 08.02.2022 Nürnberg, 2022-02-04. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20220208.01

Abstract

"How the transition from school to working life takes place sets the course for individual labour market opportunities. This transition is particularly difficult for disadvantaged young people. Different factors come into play: studies of young people in Germany show that in addition to low or no educational qualifications, attending a special needs school, having a disability, or growing up in low-income families are further barriers to a successful transition. Participation in support programmes can only partially offset these disadvantages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Booke, Frederike, David Fauser, Nancy Reims & Matthias Bethge (2022): Unemployment due to the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic among people with and without severe disabilities: a difference-in-differences analysis. In: Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Jg. 79, H. 7, S. 494., 2022-04-18. DOI:10.1136/oemed-2021-108125

Abstract

"Unemployment reduces health and impairs participation in important areas of life, especially for people with severe disabilities, who tend to have a longer duration of unemployment and are less likely to find new employment than their counterparts without such constraints. Our analysis examines the increase in unemployment due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic among people with and without severe disabilities in Germany. Monthly cross-sectional data on unemployment for 2019 and 2020 were provided by the Federal Employment Agency. We used a difference-in-differences model to estimate the increase in unemployment attributable to the pandemic. The months April to December 2020 represented the months of exposure to the pandemic. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) are reported. The increase in unemployment among people with severe disabilities due to the pandemic is 11.2% (IRR 1.112; 95%CI 1.107 to 1.117). People with severe disabilities receiving unemployment benefits due to unemployment lasting less than a year (Social Code III: short-term unemployment) and women have been most affected. Among people without severe disabilities, unemployment has increased by 24.8% due to the pandemic (IRR 1.248; 95%CI 1.246 to 1.249), while people receiving unemployment benefits according to social code III and men have been most affected. Both groups show a varying increase in unemployment depending on the region of residency. The findings show a particularly significant increase in unemployment among people without severe disabilities. People with severe disabilities might be less impacted due to the special legal protection against their dismissal. The clear regional differences in the increase in unemployment suggest a strong influence of regional economics." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Dalferth, Matthias (2022): Frauen mit Autismus im Beruf. In: Die Berufliche Rehabilitation, Jg. 36, H. 1, S. 48-60.

Abstract

"Zur Beschäftigungssituation hochfunktionaler autistischer Frauen in Deutschland liegen bislang kaum Erkenntnisse vor, da in den vorliegenden Studien zwischen männlichen und weiblichen Berufstätigen selten differenziert wird. Der vorliegende Beitrag nimmt Bezug auf die internationalen Forschungsergebnisse zur beruflichen Situation autistischer Frauen. Es wird dargelegt, dass die Anzahl der erwerbsfähigen Frauen wesentlich größer ist, als bislang angenommen, und dass sie mit erheblichen Lebenserschwernissen im Erwachsenenalter zu kämpfen haben. Den spezifischen Problemstellungen in der weiblichen Erwerbsbiographie wird nachgegangen, um die Hintergründe dieser Belastungen zu erschließen. Vorschläge zu Unterstützung autistischer Frauen und zum Forschungsbedarf werden formuliert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Lambertus-Verlag)

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Davies, Jade, Brett Heasman, Adam Livesey, Amy Walker, Elizabeth Pellicano & Anna Remington (2022): Autistic adults' views and experiences of requesting and receiving workplace adjustments in the UK. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 17, H. 8. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0272420

Abstract

"This article examines 181 autistic adults’ views toward, and experiences of, requesting and receiving workplace adjustments in the UK. Using an online survey, we collected both qualitative and quantitative data relating to individuals’ experiences. While the majority of participants perceived workplace adjustments to be important, many were not receiving them. Analysis of open-ended text responses highlighted specific challenges that autistic people face in requesting and receiving adjustments. Specifically, participants felt the onus fell on them to (1) identify their need for adjustments; (2) establish the specific adjustments that would be beneficial and (3) request adjustments from their employer. Yet, they reported struggling with this process. Participants also highlighted a range of social and organisational barriers to the successful implementation of workplace adjustments. Unsurprisingly, the lack of successfully implemented adjustments had far-reaching impacts on participants’ wellbeing as well as the choices they made about their future employment. These findings highlight the need for employers to take a more active role in the identification and implementation of workplace adjustments, as well as a need for more understanding and inclusive working environments that truly allow autistic employees to thrive in the workplace." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Ehrig, Heike & Doris Krumpholz (2022): Ressourcen von beruflich erfolgreichen Frauen. Eine qualitative Studie zu Frauen mit und ohne Behinderung. Münster: Waxmann Verlag, 356 S.

Abstract

"Die Unterrepräsentanz von berufstätigen Frauen in ranghohen Positionen ist nach wie vor ein Thema in Gesellschaft und Politik. In Wissenschaft und Forschung war der Fokus bisher eher darauf gerichtet, was Frauen an beruflichem Erfolg hindert, wo etwa strukturelle Barrieren oder persönliche Faktoren einen Einfluss haben. Dieser bislang eher defizitorientierte Blick auf gut qualifizierte und erfolgsmotivierte Frauen vernachlässigte die Frage nach den Ressourcen und Kompetenzen von Frauen, die beruflich erfolgreich geworden sind. Dabei wurde die Frage nach Erfolgsfaktoren von Frauen mit Behinderung überhaupt nicht gestellt. In dieser Untersuchung mit qualitativen Interviews wird nach den Ressourcen von Frauen mit und ohne Behinderung gefragt und ihre Kompetenzen, Strategien und die Relevanz von sozialen Beziehungen werden ermittelt. Was bedeutet es für Frauen mit und ohne Behinderung, beruflich erfolgreich zu sein? Über welche Kompetenzen verfügen sie? Wie gestalten sie soziale Beziehungen und welche Strategien wenden sie an? Welche Empfehlungen geben sie anderen Frauen und Arbeitgeber*innen bzw. Organisationen? Dieses Buch will neben dem Beitrag zur Forschung auch hilfreiche Anregungen geben für Interessenvertretungen wie Gleichstellungsbeauftragte, Diversity-Beauftragte, Schwerbehindertenvertrauensleute und Personalrätinnen. Darüber hinaus können auch Führungskräfte, Erwachsenenbildner*innen und Pädagog*innen profitieren." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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Fasching, Helga & Lena Tanzer (2022): Inklusive Übergänge von der Schule in Ausbildung und Beruf. (Inklusive Schule), Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 197 S.

Abstract

"Der Band befasst sich mit der Gestaltung von inklusiven Übergängen von der Schule in Ausbildung und Beruf. Inklusion umfasst eine fundierte Berufsorientierung, chancengerechten Zugang zum Ausbildungssystem sowie nachhaltige Partizipation am Allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt. Die Begleitung und Unterstützung von Jugendlichen mit Behinderung stehen dabei im Fokus. Der Band führt in ausgewählte Handlungsfelder und Konzepte ein und diskutiert Theorien und Begriffe unter Inklusions- und Diversitätsgesichtspunkten." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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Genova, Angela & Eamonn Davern (2022): European Network of Public Employment Services: Practitioner toolkit on strengthening PES to improve the labor market outcomes of persons with disabilities. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 54 S. DOI:10.2767/034981

Abstract

"This toolkit provides Public Employment Services (PES) with practice-oriented knowledge to improve labor market outcomes for persons with disabilities. This toolkit provides a practical guide, with concrete examples, for how Public Employment Services (PES) can promote the participation of persons with disabilities in the labor market. The accessible toolkit intends to support PES in their role as key agents for the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). It is a deliverable of the European Commission’s new Disability Employment Package - a flagship initiative of the Strategy for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2021-2030, as well as their own ambition to meet the needs of different client groups. The objective of the toolkit is to provide PES with information and advice on strategies and practices to support them in combatting labor market discrimination against persons with disabilities and further their effective labor market participation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hajnal, Áron & Ágota Scharle (2022): European Network of Public Employment Services: Mapping PES responses against labour market discrimination. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 45 S. DOI:10.2767/40536

Abstract

"The report provides an overview of PES approaches, based on a survey conducted in 2021. It shows that in most countries, the PES mandate is limited to its general role in supporting job search and protecting jobseekers’ rights. However, some PES have a detailed and proactive anti-discrimination strategy and other PES mainstream support into their overall approach of individualised services." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hallock, Kevin F., Xin Jin & Michael Waldman (2022): The total compensation gap, wage gap and benefit gap between workers with and without a disability. In: BJIR, Jg. 60, H. 1, S. 3-31. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12607

Abstract

"The wage gap between workers with and without a disability has been widely documented. However, wages and salaries account for less than 70% of the total hourly cost of compensation for an average U.S. worker. In this study, we construct a measure of total compensation by linking the American Community Survey to a restricted‐access version of the Employer Cost for Employee Compensation database, which contains detailed benefit measures for the years 2008–2014. After controlling for selection into full‐time employment and other observed characteristics, we find that the percentage total compensation gap between full‐time male workers with and without a disability is substantially larger than the percentage wage and salary gap. The opposite pattern is observed for full‐time female workers. Our results suggest that considering only wage and salary may mask the true gaps in total compensation from employment. We also document a persistent benefits gap between workers with and without a disability. We discuss possible explanatory factors for the observed patterns in total compensation and benefit gaps." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Hiesinger, Karolin & Alexander Kubis (2022): Beschäftigung von Menschen mit Schwerbehinderungen. Betrieben liegen oftmals zu wenige passende Bewerbungen vor. In: Sozialrecht + Praxis, Jg. 32, H. 7, S. 411-422.

Abstract

"Arbeitgeber mit mindestens 20 Arbeitsplätzen sind verpflichtet, auf wenigstens 5 Prozent ihrer Arbeitsplätze Menschen mit Schwerbehinderungen zu beschäftigen. Bei Unterschreiten dieser Quote ist eine Ausgleichsabgabe fällig, die 2019 laut Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit rund 61 Prozent der betroffenen Arbeitgeber entrichten mussten. Auf Basis der IAB-Stellenerhebung werden die Erfahrungen von Betrieben mit Menschen mit Schwerbehinderungen untersucht und das Autorenteam geht der Frage nach, warum viele Betriebe die Schwerbehindertenquote nicht erfüllen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Hiesinger, Karolin & Alexander Kubis (2022): Beschäftigung von Menschen mit Schwerbehinderungen: Betrieben liegen oftmals zu wenige passende Bewerbungen vor. (IAB-Kurzbericht 11/2022), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2211

Abstract

"Arbeitgeber mit mindestens 20 Arbeitsplätzen sind verpflichtet, auf wenigstens 5 Prozent ihrer Arbeitsplätze Menschen mit Schwerbehinderungen zu beschäftigen. Bei Unterschreiten dieser Quote ist eine Ausgleichsabgabe fällig, die 2019 laut Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit rund 61 Prozent der betroffenen Arbeitgeber entrichten mussten. Auf Basis der IAB-Stellenerhebung werden die Erfahrungen von Betrieben mit Menschen mit Schwerbehinderungen untersucht und das Autorenteam geht der Frage nach, warum viele Betriebe die Schwerbehindertenquote nicht erfüllen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Hiesinger, Karolin (2022): To Include or Not to Include? Firm Employment Decisions with Respect to the German Disabled Worker Quota. (IAB-Discussion Paper 25/2022), Nürnberg, 61 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.DP.2225

Abstract

"In Deutschland müssen Unternehmen eine Ausgleichsabgabe zahlen, wenn sie die gesetzliche Quote zur Beschäftigung von Menschen mit Schwerbehinderungen nicht erfüllen. Im vorliegenden Papier wird untersucht, inwieweit die Ausgleichsabgabe die Arbeitsnachfrage von Unternehmen beeinflusst. Dabei nutze ich eine Schwellenwertregelung innerhalb der Schwerbehindertenquote: Unternehmen mit mindestens 20, aber weniger als 40 Beschäftigte müssen mindestens eine Person mit Schwerbehinderung beschäftigen, Unternehmen mit mindestens 40, aber weniger als 60 Beschäftigte müssen mindestens zwei Menschen mit Schwerbehinderungen beschäftigen. Mit Hilfe administrativer Unternehmensdaten schätze ich den Schwellenwerteffekt auf die Anzahl der Personen mit Schwerbehinderungen im Unternehmen. Meine Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Unternehmen zum Teil auf die Regelung reagieren und im Durchschnitt 0,388 mehr Personen mit Schwerbehinderungen beschäftigen, wenn sie sich knapp oberhalb des Schwellenwertes befinden. Dieser Effekt bleibt auch dann positiv, wenn berücksichtigt wird, dass manche Unternehmen bewusst unterhalb der Schwelle bleiben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Hoque, Kim & Nick Bacon (2022): Working from home and disabled people's employment outcomes. In: BJIR, Jg. 60, H. 1, S. 32-56. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12645

Abstract

"This paper assesses disabled employees’ likelihood of working from home relative to non-disabled employees, and the implications of doing so for their experiences of work. Analysing British nationally representative data, the findings suggest that disabled employees are less likely to work from home than non-disabled employees, given they are disproportionately excluded from the higher-paying and/or managerial roles in which working from home is more widely available. In addition, organizations in which working from home is more commonplace do not employ a higher proportion of disabled people. The results also confirm disabled employees report poorer experiences of work than non-disabled employees regarding job control, job-related mental health, job satisfaction and work–life balance. Although working from home is positively associated with these outcomes (except for work–life balance) for both disabled and non-disabled employees, there is very little evidence it is associated with smaller disability gaps in these outcomes. Therefore, our analysis questions the potential for working from home to reduce disability disadvantage within organizations, and highlights the need for more substantial action to address the barriers to employment that disabled people encounter." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Ixmeier, Sebastian & Gero Scheiermann (2022): Teilhabeförderung langzeitarbeitsloser Personen mit gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen – neue Ansätze der beruflichen Rehabilitation in Zeiten der COVID-19-Pandemie. In: D. Heisler & J. A. Meier (Hrsg.) (2022): Berufsausbildung zwischen Hygienemaßnahmen und Lockdown(s), S. 371-393.

Abstract

"Die COVID-19-Pandemie hat negative Auswirkungen auf die berufliche Rehabilitation und die Teilhabechancen von langzeitarbeitslosen Personen mit gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen. Anhand von empirischen Erkenntnissen aus einem Modellprojekt zeigt der Beitrag Wege auf, wie Teilhabeförderung für diese besonders vulnerable Zielgruppe auch in pandemischen Zeiten gelingen kann. Hierfür werden bestehende Corona-induzierte Hürden sowie dazugehörige Bewältigungsstrategien aus Teilnehmendensicht rekonstruiert. Dabei zeigt sich das Potenzial der langfristigen und ganzheitlichen Teilhabeförderung im Kontext eines sanktionsfreien und adaptiven Settings zur inkrementellen Initiierung eines salutogenetischen Prozesses. Parallel dazu bedarf es jedoch beruflicher Orientierungs- und Bildungsarbeit, um einen beruflichen (Re-) Integrationsprozess zu fördern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © wbv)

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Ixmeier, Sebastian & Ann-Katrin Peters (2022): Kompetenzorientiertes Handeln bei der beruflichen Rehabilitation langzeitarbeitsloser Personen mit gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen. Das Modellprojekt Essen.Pro.Teilhabe. In: M. Friese & D. Münk (Hrsg.) (2022): Berufliche Rehabilitation, S. 27-29.

Abstract

"Das rehapro-Modellprojekt „Essen.Pro.Teilhabe" erprobt innovative Ansätze zur beruflichen Rehabilitation langzeitarbeitsloser Personen mit gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen. Der Beitrag reflektiert die ganzheitliche Förderstrategie und plädiert für einen inkrementellen Aufbau persönlicher Handlungskompetenzen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Jungwirth, Ingrid & Marziyeh Bakhshizadeh (2022): Wiedereinstieg mit Hindernissen – die Teilhabe von Frauen* mit Behinderung oder chronischer Erkrankung an Arbeit. In: Gender, Jg. 14, H. 2, S. 118-133. DOI:10.3224/gender.v14i2.09

Abstract

"Dieser Beitrag untersucht den Wiedereinstieg von Frauen* mit Behinderung oder chronischer Erkrankung nach einer Unterbrechung als zentralen Übergang in der beruflichen Laufbahn in Zusammenhang mit dem gesamten Berufs- und Lebensverlauf. Die weit unterdurchschnittliche Teilhabe von Frauen* mit Behinderung an Erwerbsarbeit weist auf die Relevanz weitergehender Erkenntnisse hin. Wir verbinden das soziale Modell von Behinderung aus den Disability Studies mit einem geschlechtersoziologischen Ansatz der Soziologie des Lebenslaufs. Mit einem erweiterten Begriff von Arbeit, der Care-Arbeit und Arbeit, die mit einer Behinderung erforderlich wird, einbezieht, analysieren wir, wie sich Familienzyklus und Behinderungszyklus auf die berufliche Laufbahn auswirken. Mit diesem erweiterten Arbeitsbegriff können wir in der Pilotstudie auf der Grundlage von qualitativen Expert*inneninterviews in Beratungsstellen in einer ländlichen Region zeigen, dass u. a. fehlende Kapazitäten und Ressourcen sowie kumulative Benachteiligungen aufgrund von Geschlecht und Behinderung zu Berufsunterbrechungen bei Frauen* mit Behinderung führten. Weitere Forschung zu den Erfahrungen von Frauen* mit Behinderung selbst sollte sich Bildungsungleichheiten sowie Differenzen aufgrund von Behinderung und Alter widmen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Keitel, Christiane; Alexander Kubis & Karolin Hiesinger (interviewte Person) (2022): Wir müssen Betriebe und Menschen mit Schwerbehinderungen besser zusammenbringen. (Interview mit Karolin Hiesinger und Alexander Kubis). In: IAB-Forum H. 24.05.2022 Nürnberg. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20220524.01

Abstract

"Arbeitgeber mit mindestens 20 Arbeitsplätzen sind verpflichtet, auf wenigstens fünf Prozent ihrer Arbeitsplätze Menschen mit Schwerbehinderungen zu beschäftigen. Andernfalls müssen sie eine Ausgleichsabgabe bezahlen. Ein aktueller IAB-Kurzbericht untersucht die Erfahrungen der Betriebe mit Menschen mit Schwerbehinderungen und geht der Frage nach, warum viele Betriebe die Schwerbehindertenquote nicht erfüllen. Die Redaktion des IAB-Forum hat dazu bei Karolin Hiesinger und Alexander Kubis nachgefragt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Malo, Miguel Ángel & Rodríguez Vanesa (2022): Sheltered employment for people with disabilities: An international appraisal with illustrations from the Spanish case. (MPRA paper / University Library of Munich 111861), München, 24 S.

Abstract

"This article presents an updated review of the employment policy of sheltered employment for people with disabilities. We review the international literature, focusing on the European Union and especially on Spain, because of the great importance of sheltered employment centres in this country. Studies have increasingly questioned sheltered employment's ability to promote labour market integration, mainly compared with supported employment. However, we lack clear causal evidence, as these arguments are largely based on descriptive evidence. In addition, sheltered employment centres have shifted to focus on people with physical disabilities rather than those with mental and cognitive disabilities, which was the predominant focus until the 2000s" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Meltzer, Ariella (2022): The operation of the social support sector serving siblings of people with disabilities: A cross-country analysis. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 56, H. 3, S. 423-437. DOI:10.1111/spol.12775

Abstract

"Sibling support is a form of support often offered to the brother or sister of a person with disability. While practiced around the world and the subject of much research interest, most research about sibling support has been outcomes evaluation of individual sibling support programs, rather than about the operational/structural circumstances of the organizations providing sibling support or of the sibling support sector at large. Within this context, this paper offers the first research of its kind: an exploratory study of the business operation of sibling support in Australia, New Zealand, the UK, USA and Canada. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 13 leaders of sibling support provider organizations in these countries, the paper focuses on sibling support providers' business models, funding, staffing, leadership and governance. The findings highlight that across countries, sibling support is a sub-section of the not-for-profit/charity sector that mostly operates with minimal funding and staffing, and which is largely driven by the passion and personal experience of those who run sibling support organizations. The paper discusses the implications of the findings, with the conceptual lens of seeking to formalize recognition and legitimacy for sibling support as a distinct social service type within the disability/health/social care and not-for-profit/charity spaces. Further, by aggregating the experiences of sibling support providers across countries, the paper is able to show that—while a distinct service type and sector—the successes and challenges of the sibling support sector nevertheless also very much reflect the broader struggles of many other small not-for-profits/charities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Nivorozhkin, Anton, Nancy Reims & Angela Rauch (2022): Aktuelle Herausforderungen und Anpassungsstrategien von Leistungserbringern in der beruflichen Rehabilitation – eine gemischt-methodische Analyse. In: Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund (Hrsg.) (2022): 31. Rehawissenschaftliches Kolloquium: Neue Wege, neue Chancen, S. 254-255.

Abstract

"Die Leistungen zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben (LTA) im Rahmen beruflicher Rehabilitation sind ein zentrales Instrument der Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderung am Arbeitsleben. Zu den im Rahmen von LTA angebotenen arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen gehören Aus- und Weiterbildungen, aber auch Vorbereitungs- oder Orientierungsmaßnahmen. In Deutschland existiert ein gut ausgebautes Netz unterschiedlichster Anbieter beruflicher Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen. Ziel dieser Studie war eine systematische Betrachtung dieser Einrichtungen. Ein Schwerpunkt lag dabei auf den Herausforderungen, mit denen sich die Leistungserbringer konfrontiert sehen und die Anpassungsstrategien, mit denen sie diesen begegnen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Raab, Birgit & Astrid Westermann (2022): Arbeitswelt. Inklusion. Inspiration. Umsetzung der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention. Handlungsempfehlung: Aktionspläne: Perspektiven aus Politik, Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft. Interviews mit Politikern, Wissenschaftlern, Entscheidern aus Wirtschaft und Vertreter:innen aus Verbänden und Vereinen. Hamburg: tredition, 219 S.

Abstract

"2009 wurde die UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention zur gleichberechtigten Teilhabe an der Gesellschaft verabschiedet. Doch die Zahl der Firmen, die bisher einen Aktionsplan Inklusion vorweisen können, ist in Deutschland 11 Jahre danach noch mehr als gering und liegt im unteren zweistelligen Bereich. Mit unserem Buch wollen wir ein Plädoyer für das Engagement in inklusive Mitarbeitende halten. Und ermuntern, das Thema als Business-Case zu betrachten und selbst Aktionspläne zu erstellen. Wir blicken hinter die Kulissen des UnternehmensForum, ein Zusammenschluss von mittelständischen Betrieben und Großkonzernen, die aktiv das Thema Inklusion vorantreiben und bereits an der Umsetzung ihrer Aktionspläne arbeiten. Wir stellen bereits bestehende Aktionspläne vor und geben Erfahrungen zur Erarbeitung und Umsetzung weiter. Wir sprechen mit Inklusionsbeauftragten und mit Schwerbehindertenvertretern aus DAX Unternehmen und KMU über ihre Aufgaben, Ziele und Erwartungen. Und werfen einen Blick auf die Historie des Sozialgesetzbuchs lX. Unser Ziel: Wir möchten Schwerbehinderung/Inklusion in Unternehmen als aktuelles, wichtiges und vor allem lebendiges/dynamisches Thema darstellen." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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Reims, Nancy & Brigitte Schels (2022): Typical school-to-work transitions of young adults with disabilities in Germany - a cohort study of recipients of vocational rehabilitation services after leaving school in 2008. In: Disability and Rehabilitation, Jg. 44, H. 20, S. 5834-5846., 2021-06-20. DOI:10.1080/09638288.2021.1948115

Abstract

"Purpose: In Germany, vocational rehabilitation (VR) for young people with disabilities (YPWD) aims to counteract disadvantages on the training and labour markets. However, the school-to-work transitions (STWT) among YPWD are underexplored. This study investigates to what extent and for whom VR provides an institutional bridge into employment.
Materials and methods: Based on representative administrative data of the German Federal Employment Agency, young people in VR are observed for 6.5 years after completing lower or intermediate secondary education in 2008. Using optimal matching and cluster analysis, six typical STWT trajectories are identified.
Results: Most of the YPWD completed company-external vocational training, some undertook regular in-firm training. These forms of training often lead to regular employment, albeit with a delay for some. Other young people are guided from training in sheltered workshops into sheltered employment. Another group exhibits problematic STWTs in which recurring unemployment and (non-training) programmes fail to lead to training or employment.
Conclusions: VR combined with in-firm or company-external vocational training can facilitate the STWTs of people with disabilities. However, individuals from poor families are less likely to benefit from VR. Similarly, restricted capabilities and problematic STWTs are observed when young people drop out of VR due to poor cooperation. Implications for rehabilitation:
• Vocational training often is a prerequisite for labour market entry; however, if the structural conditions on the local labour market are unfavourable, young people with disabilities do not take up employment.
• Training within sheltered workshops often leads to highly institutionalised trajectories that should be reconsidered to permit greater permeability into the regular labour market.
• As young people with problematic STWT more often come from poor households, they should be targeted to a greater extent in the context of VR counselling." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))