Armut, Arbeitsmarktintegration und gesellschaftliche Teilhabe
Armut wirkt sich negativ auf das Wohlbefinden und die Partizipationschancen der Betroffenen aus. Stabile Arbeitsmarktintegration gilt demgegenüber als eine wichtige Voraussetzung für gesellschaftliche Teilhabe.
Dieses Dossier stellt Literaturnachweise zur Frage zusammen, welchen Einfluss Armut und Beschäftigungsunsicherheit auf die soziale Integration haben.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
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Literaturhinweis
Kinderarmut verstehen und bekämpfen: Einführung in grundlegende Perspektiven (2024)
Rahn, Peter; Zimmermann, Sabine;Zitatform
Rahn, Peter & Sabine Zimmermann (Hrsg.) (2024): Kinderarmut verstehen und bekämpfen. Einführung in grundlegende Perspektiven. Opladen: Uni-Taschenbücher GmbH, 160 S.
Abstract
"Die Kinderarmutsquote ist seit drei Jahrzehnten kontinuierlich hoch und die Dauer der Armutserfahrung steigt. Die Folgen der Armut sind vielfältig und gefährden vor allem die gesellschaftliche Teilhabe der Kinder. In diesem Buch schildern Wissenschaftler*innen in Interviews, wie sie Kinderarmut analysieren. Sie verdeutlichen, was zur Prävention und Bekämpfung von Kinderarmut zu tun ist. Neben fachlichen Einschätzungen und politischen Überlegungen finden sich auch persönliche Bezüge und Zugänge zum Themenkomplex." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis vom Verlag -
Literaturhinweis
Making ends meet: revisiting the consensual income approach to measuring poverty (2024)
Zitatform
Saunders, Peter & Melissa Wong (2024): Making ends meet: revisiting the consensual income approach to measuring poverty. In: The Journal of Poverty and Social Justice, Jg. 32, H. 1, S. 129-146. DOI:10.1332/17598273y2023d000000010
Abstract
"Conventional (income-based) poverty measures have been criticised for being narrowly focused and failing to provide evidence that those identified as poor have an unacceptable standard of living. The consensual approach to deprivation addresses both weaknesses by drawing on community perceptions of what items are essential for all and establishing that those who do not have them cannot afford them. In contrast, the consensual income approach maintains the role of income as a key determinant of poverty but uses community perceptions of how much is needed to make ends meet to set a poverty line. Although perceptions vary widely, it is possible to estimate the income level at which people with that income would say that their current income is just enough to make ends meet. This article re-examines this approach drawing on recent developments in poverty research and using new data for Australia. The consensual poverty lines produced are shown to have similarities with those used in existing poverty studies, but also to exhibit important differences. An overlap measure is developed that includes those in consensual poverty who also indicate that their current income is not enough for them to make ends meet. The poverty rates produced by this overlap measure is shown to align with those based on the 50 per cent of median-income OECD equivalised poverty line used in most Australian studies. It is argued that the consensual income approach has the potential to advance our understanding of poverty beyond that provided by conventional income-based measures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Policy Press) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Kinderarmut sinkt markant, Altersarmut auf dem Vormarsch (2024)
Schneider, Ulrich;Zitatform
Schneider, Ulrich (2024): Kinderarmut sinkt markant, Altersarmut auf dem Vormarsch. In: Soziale Sicherheit, Jg. 73, H. 6, S. 14-17.
Abstract
"Ganz ohne Aufhebens stellte das Statistische Bundesamt im April/Mai 2024 seine neuen Armutsdaten für das Jahr 2023 ins Internet. (...) Bei den unlängst veröffentlichten Zahlen des Statistischen Bundesamtes zur Armut in Deutschland handelt es sich um sogenannte Erstergebnisse. (...) Die Erstergebnisse des Mikrozensus weisen für Deutschland eine Armutsquote von 16,6 Prozent aus. Sollten sie in einigen Monaten, wenn die Endergebnisse vorliegen, bestätigt werden, ist die Armut in Deutschland damit gegenüber 2022 um 0,2 Prozentpunkte und gegenüber 2021 um 0,3 Prozentpunkte zurückgegangen. Lassen sich diese Werte auch durchaus noch als Stagnation auf sehr hohem Niveau interpretieren, so ist es doch zumindest das erste Mal seit Einführung der Armutsstatistik auf Basis des Mikrozensus im Jahr 2005, dass die Armut in zwei Jahren in Folge, wenn auch nur leicht, so doch abnimmt. Möglicherweise könnte sich damit tatsächlich ein Bruch des seit 2006 herrschenden Trends stetig steigender Armutsquoten andeuten. Sollten sich die Ergebnisse bestätigen, wären mit 14,1 Millionen Menschen rechnerisch 100.000 weniger von Einkommensarmut betroffen als im Jahr zuvor." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Changes in economic deprivation and parental self-efficacy: Unemployment, poverty, and the mediating effect of psychological distress (2024)
Zitatform
Stein, Annika (2024): Changes in economic deprivation and parental self-efficacy: Unemployment, poverty, and the mediating effect of psychological distress. In: Journal of Family Research, Jg. 36, S. 413-436. DOI:10.20377/jfr-997
Abstract
"Objective: The article investigates the influence of three aspects of economic deprivation on parental self-efficacy, and whether, or to what extent, these effects are mediated by psychological distress. Background: Scholarship shows that psychological resources such as parental self-efficacy can attenuate the negative repercussions of poverty for families. The article builds on the family stress model that highlights the role of economic deprivation for family functioning by Conger and colleagues. It focuses on the consequences of transitioning into unemployment, objective poverty, and subjective poverty for parental self-efficacy, and the potential mediating effect of psychological distress. Method: Using data from the German Family Panel (pairfam) Waves 4 to 12 (2011–2020), Baron and Kenny mediation analyzes are conducted based on fixed effects regressions with standard errors based on clustered bootstrap procedure. Results: The results show that transitioning into subjective poverty significantly decreases parental self-efficacy, and that only a marginal part of this effect is mediated by psychological distress. A transition into objective poverty, by contrast, has no effect on parental self-efficacy. Likewise, unemployment has no direct effect on parental self-efficacy. However, transitioning into short-term unemployment reduces psychological distress and thereby buffers parent’sself-efficacy. This does by contrast not apply for long-term unemployment. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the importance of differentiating between specific aspects of economic deprivation when investigating its consequences for parental self-efficacy and considering psychological distress as a potential mediator. Moreover, the findings provide longitudinal evidence for the consequences of a transition into economic deprivation for parental self-efficacy and point to the presence of gender effects with regard to unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Marginalisierten: (Über-) Leben zwischen Mangel und Notwendigkeit (2024)
Wimmer, Christopher;Zitatform
Wimmer, Christopher (2024): Die Marginalisierten. (Über-) Leben zwischen Mangel und Notwendigkeit. Weinheim: Juventa Verlag, 302 S.
Abstract
"Christopher Wimmer blickt nach »ganz unten«. Seine These trifft den Kern der deutschen Gegenwart: Ein - wenn nicht sogar das zentrale - Ergebnis kapitalistischer Vergesellschaftung besteht in der Marginalisierung von Menschen in sozialen, politischen und kulturellen Zusammenhängen. Wimmer zeigt, wie sich Marginalisierung konkret auswirkt. Er beschäftigt sich mit der Sozialisation der Marginalisierten und stellt daraufhin ihre Arbeitssituation, ihr Alltagsleben und ihre sozialen Beziehungen ins Zentrum. Überall dort zeigen sich Auswirkungen ihrer sozialen Position. Doch auch das Bewusstsein der Marginalisierten ist von ihrer Lage beeinflusst. All dies hat Folgen für eine Politik, die sich mit sozialer Marginalisierung auseinandersetzen will." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltstext -
Literaturhinweis
"Eroding trust in the state and in frontline workers can become a catalyst for the rise of populism" (Interview) (2024)
Zitatform
Winters, Jutta; Gabriela Spanghero Lotta (interviewte Person) (2024): "Eroding trust in the state and in frontline workers can become a catalyst for the rise of populism" (Interview). In: IAB-Forum H. 01.02.2024. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20240201.01
Abstract
"Gabriela Spanghero Lotta, Professor of Public Administration and Government at Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV) in São Paulo, Brazil, gives a Special Lecture at the IAB on 5 February 2024. In this accompanying interview, Lotta explores the dynamics of citizen-state interactions in Latin America, outlines the role of frontline workers in dealing with – and being embedded within – situations of vulnerability, and discusses the consequences of eroding trust for the rise of populism." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Winters, Jutta; -
Literaturhinweis
Vorschläge zur Gestaltung des Sozialen Arbeitsmarkts in Nordrhein-Westfalen: Eine Einschätzung vor dem Hintergrund von Befunden der Evaluation des Teilhabechancengesetzes: Stellungnahme des IAB zur Anhörung im Ausschuss für Arbeit, Gesundheit und Soziales des Landtags Nordrhein-Westfalen am 2.10.2024 (2024)
Zitatform
Wolff, Joachim (2024): Vorschläge zur Gestaltung des Sozialen Arbeitsmarkts in Nordrhein-Westfalen: Eine Einschätzung vor dem Hintergrund von Befunden der Evaluation des Teilhabechancengesetzes. Stellungnahme des IAB zur Anhörung im Ausschuss für Arbeit, Gesundheit und Soziales des Landtags Nordrhein-Westfalen am 2.10.2024. (IAB-Stellungnahme 03/2024), Nürnberg, 14 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.SN.2403
Abstract
"Bei der öffentlichen Anhörung des Ausschusses für Arbeit, Gesundheit und Soziales des Landtags Nordrhein-Westfalen am 2.10.2024 äußerte sich das IAB zum Antrag der Fraktion der SPD „Die Landesregierung gibt den Sozialen Arbeitsmarkt auf: Koalitionsversprechen halten!“. Der Antrag hat zum Ziel, dass der Landtag unter anderem die Landesregierung auffordert, den sozialen Arbeitsmarkt in Nordrhein-Westfalen zu stärken und sich zum Sozialen Arbeitsmarkt zu bekennen. Langzeitarbeitslosen Menschen soll die Teilhabe am Erwerbsleben und nachhaltige Beschäftigung ermöglicht werden. In Abstimmung mit den Wohlfahrtsverbänden soll ein Pilotprojekt zur Anschlussförderung für Menschen mit schwerwiegenden Vermittlungshemmnissen aufgelegt werden, für die eine Arbeitsmarktintegration nach einer fünf Jahre andauernden Förderung durch „Teilhabe am Arbeitsmarkt“ nicht gelingt. Es soll eine ganzheitliche Betreuung im sozialen Umfeld vorgesehen werden. Eine Einführung des Vermittlungsvorrangs durch die Hintertür soll gestoppt werden. Die Stellungnahme geht auf zentrale Ergebnisse zur Forschung zum Teilhabechancengesetz ein, die für die im Antrag enthaltenen Forderungen von Relevanz sind. Dabei geht es insbesondere um wichtige Aspekte der Sicht der Jobcenter auf die Förderung von erwerbsfähigen Leistungsberechtigten durch den § 16i SGB II. Ferner werden Ergebnisse von Wirkungsanalysen diskutiert, die bisher allerdings nur Wirkungen dieser Förderung auf Erwerbsintegration und soziale Teilhabe der Geförderten während eines Zeitraums untersuchen konnten, der noch kürzer ausfällt als die maximale Förderdauer. Auch relevante Befunde zur ganzheitlichen beschäftigungsbegleitenden Betreuung (Coaching) werden diskutiert. Die Stellungnahme schließt mit Folgerungen in Bezug auf den vorliegenden Antrag der Fraktion der SPD." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Link zum Video der Anhörung im Landtag Nordrhein-Westfalen -
Literaturhinweis
Not That Basic: How Level, Design and Context Matter for the Redistributive Outcomes of Universal Basic Income (2023)
Zitatform
Aerts, Elise, Ive Marx & Gerlinde Verbist (2023): Not That Basic: How Level, Design and Context Matter for the Redistributive Outcomes of Universal Basic Income. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 15952), Bonn, 31 S.
Abstract
"Proponents of a basic income (BI) claim that it could bring significant reductions in financial poverty, on top of many other benefits, including greatly reduced administrative complexity and cost. Using microsimulation analysis in a comparative two-country setting, we show that the potential poverty-reducing impact of BI strongly depends on exactly how and where it is implemented. Implementing a BI requires far more choices than advocates seem to realize. The level at which the BI is set matters, but its exact specification matters even more. Which parts of the existing tax-benefit system are maintained, and which parts are abolished, modified or replaced? The impact of a BI, be it a low or a high one, thus strongly depends on the characteristics of the system that it is (partially) replacing or complementing, as well as the socio-economic context in which it is introduced. Some versions of BI could potentially help to reduce poverty but always at a significant cost and with substantial sections of the population incurring significant losses, which matters for political feasibility. A partial basic income complementing existing provisions appears to make more potential sense than a full basic income replacing them. The simplicity of BI, however, tends to be vastly overstated." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Intergenerational Poverty Persistence in Europe - Is There a 'Great Gatsby Curve' for Poverty? (2023)
Zitatform
Bavaro, Michele, Rafael Carranza & Brian Nolan (2023): Intergenerational Poverty Persistence in Europe - Is There a 'Great Gatsby Curve' for Poverty? (SocArXiv papers), 44 S. DOI:10.31219/osf.io/phrq2
Abstract
"While the influence of poverty in childhood on adulthood outcomes has been extensively studied, little is known about how the strength of intergenerational persistence in poverty itself varies across countries. Here we examine the intergenerational persistence of poverty in a comparative analysis of 30 European countries using data from the 2019 ad hoc module of the EU-SILC dataset. We construct proxy measures of poverty in the parental household employing information on inability to meet basic needs and financial hardship when growing up, together with parental education and occupational social class. The strength of the association between current poverty based on the indicators at the core of the EU's social inclusion process and these measures of parental poverty is assessed and compared across countries. The cross-country variation in poverty persistence is probed including with respect to its relationship with the current and past extent of poverty: persistence tends to be stronger where current or parental poverty are higher, analogous to the Great Gatsby Curve relating intergenerational income mobility to income inequality at country level. Mediation analysis highlights the role of own education as well as occupation in underpinning the observed relationship between current and parental poverty. (Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality Working Paper)" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Messung von Armut und Reichtum in regionaler Differenzierung (2023)
Becker, Irene; Held, Benjamin;Zitatform
Becker, Irene & Benjamin Held (2023): Messung von Armut und Reichtum in regionaler Differenzierung. In: Soziale Sicherheit, Jg. 72, H. 8-9, S. 315-321.
Abstract
"Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage, wie Armut und Reichtum in einzelnen Regionen Deutschlands adäquat gemessen werden kann. Dabei ist die inhaltliche Abgrenzung zu reinen Ungleichheitsindikatoren entscheidend. Zwar können in regionalen Berichten „interne“ Ungleichheiten allein aus regionalen Daten abgeleitet werden; für Analysen von Armut und Reichtum ist aber ein Bezug zum gesamtgesellschaftlichen Lebensstandard unumgänglich. Dabei stellt sich allerdings das Problem unterschiedlicher Lebenshaltungskosten. Dem wird mit einer ansatzweisen Kaufkraftbereinigung von regionalen Nominaleinkommen zu begegnen versucht." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Social Dialogue in Defence of Vulnerable Groups in Post-COVID-19 Labor Markets. EU-Level Report (2023)
Zitatform
Boonjubun, Chaitawat, Garima Singh & Minna van Gerven (2023): Social Dialogue in Defence of Vulnerable Groups in Post-COVID-19 Labor Markets. EU-Level Report. (SocArXiv papers), 49 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/qehks
Abstract
"The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented health crisis that has caused far-reaching life consequences. The impact of COVID-19 and the measures that aimed to protect lives have triggered a social and economic crisis across the globe. This crisis calls for social scientists and researchers to study the shortcomings in social and economic preparedness and responses to the pandemic. The Social Dialogue in Defence of Vulnerable Groups in the Post-COVID-19 Labor Markets project (the DEFEN-CE project), funded by the Directorate-General for Employment, the European Commission, aims to examine institutional strategies and power relations in social protection and policymaking and policy implementation to protect labor markets and workers by analysing the governance of vulnerable groups in (post) COVID-19 labour markets as well as to produce research-based knowledge and expertise on the protection of vulnerable groups at the EU level, in the EU Member States and in the candidate countries. This report emphasises the institutional strategies and power relations among social partners and stakeholders at the EU level and highlights key findings from country case studies. The research questions are threefold. 1) What public policy and social dialogue measures targeting the selected vulnerable groups were implemented for employment and social protection during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020–2022? 2) How and to what extent did social dialogue play a role in the implementation of the social and employment rights of selected vulnerable groups in the COVID-19 pandemic between 2020 and 2022? 3) What lessons and opportunities does the COVID-19 pandemic provide for strengthening social dialogue at the EU level? DEFEN-CE employed a mixed-method approach combining both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The data are comprised of datasets, policy documents, scientific literature, existing statistical data, and semi-structured interviews. In this EU-level research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 respondents: representatives from the European Parliament, trade unions, non-governmental organisations, and a European federation organisation representing domestic employers. It is important to note that the research team invited representatives from the European Commission to participate in the interviews but received no reply. (See the list of respondents in the appendices). DEFEN-CE’s EU-level study aimed to contribute to social dialogue research and the theoretical understanding of vulnerability. Relevant concepts and approaches to deepen our understanding of vulnerability are employed as the foundation for identifying ‘vulnerable groups’ in connection to the labor market. Furthermore, the purpose of this study is to identify the lessons learned by pinpointing crucial areas of policy development and implementation and necessary coordination mechanisms among social partners and by showcasing best practices." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Can the welfare state reduce youth poverty? The determinants of material deprivation and subjective poverty among young people in Europe (2023)
Zitatform
Chevalier, Tom (2023): Can the welfare state reduce youth poverty? The determinants of material deprivation and subjective poverty among young people in Europe. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 33, H. 3, S. 285-300. DOI:10.1177/09589287231176778
Abstract
"As an age-group, young people are most at risk of poverty. Yet significant cross-national variation persists, which seems puzzling: the countries displaying the highest levels of youth poverty are (uncharacteristically) Nordic. How can such diversity be accounted for? Is the welfare state part of the story? First, I argue, unlike most studies, that in order to measure youth poverty it is better to use material deprivation and subjective poverty indicators, rather than income poverty. Second, I hypothesize that the welfare state has two potential routes to the alleviation of youth poverty. On the one hand, via “individualization” of claims (allowing young people to claim benefits as full adult citizens), access to income support leads to lower levels of youth poverty. On the other, youth poverty levels can also be reduced through investment in young people’s human capital, in line with the “social investment” strategy. These claims are confirmed by multilevel logistic regressions on three waves and across 23 European countries of the Eurofound’s European Quality of Life Survey." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Teilhabechancengesetz: Männer in geförderter Beschäftigung arbeiten im Schnitt fünf Wochenstunden mehr als Frauen (Serie „Eingliederung von Langzeitarbeitslosen und Teilhabe am Arbeitsmarkt“) (2023)
Zitatform
Coban, Mustafa & Martin Friedrich (2023): Teilhabechancengesetz: Männer in geförderter Beschäftigung arbeiten im Schnitt fünf Wochenstunden mehr als Frauen (Serie „Eingliederung von Langzeitarbeitslosen und Teilhabe am Arbeitsmarkt“). In: IAB-Forum H. 04.07.2023 Nürnberg. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20230704.01
Abstract
"Männer, die über das Instrument „Teilhabe am Arbeitsmarkt“ gefördert werden, haben deutlich höhere wöchentliche Arbeitszeiten als geförderte Frauen – und erzielen entsprechend höhere Monatsverdienste. Bei den Stundenlöhnen hingegen gibt es allenfalls marginale Unterschiede." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Atypical work, financial assets, and asset poverty in Germany (2023)
Zitatform
Colombarolli, Claudia & Philipp M. Lersch (2023): Atypical work, financial assets, and asset poverty in Germany. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 85. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2023.100803
Abstract
"This study investigates how atypical employment (i.e., part-time, temporary work, mini-jobs) affects workers' ability to accumulate financial assets and exposes them to asset poverty in Germany. Asset poverty occurs when household financial resources (e.g., bank deposits and stock equity) are insufficient to live at the income poverty line for three months. Previously, studies on labour market processes and wealth inequalities have been chiefly disconnected. Still, a large share of assets is accumulated from labour earnings, and thus, individual employment experiences likely affect asset accumulation. We draw on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP, 2002–2017) and apply fixed-effect growth curve models. Compared to standard employment, we find that spells in temporary work and mini-jobs lead to lower levels of net financial assets, while part-time work results in similar asset growth rates. Furthermore, unemployment and inactivity undermine financial asset accumulation more than atypical employment. This suggests that temporary positions are even more detrimental if interspersed by periods of no employment. We also find that the detrimental effect of atypical employment is larger for low educated than high-educated and that penalties of previous spells of mini-jobs are larger for men than women, but the contrary is true concerning temporary employment. Finally, asset poverty risk increases only for unemployment and inactivity, not atypical employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Disability and Employment Policy in Canada: National Policy Variation for Working Age Individuals (2023)
Zitatform
Dinan, Shannon & Normand Boucher (2023): Disability and Employment Policy in Canada: National Policy Variation for Working Age Individuals. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 52, S. 719-739. DOI:10.1017/S0047279421000878
Abstract
"This article analyses and compares disability policies for working-age individuals in Canada with a focus on the mode of policy provision and type of measure to determine the degree to which direct funding is used in this country. To consider policy diversity in this federal system, policies are compared using a mixed-methods approach. Using quantitative methods, federal, provincial and territorial policies are first compared using hierarchical cluster analysis. This provides evidence of three distinct clusters in Canada according to policy provision and measure type. In a second, qualitative analysis, the disability strategies of four provinces’ (British Columbia, Ontario, Newfoundland and Labrador and Quebec) are compared, to determine over arching policy orientations. Findings indicate that policy provision in Canada largely favours money over services. Furthermore, most provinces emphasize either health or integration measures over substantive measures. Despite these commonalities, significant variation persists across Canada. This extends to poverty and disability reduction strategies with two of the four provinces having a broader orientation while the other two provinces focus specifically on employment as a means of social inclusion. The article concludes with a discussion on the state of employment policies for individuals with a disability in Canada." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Changes in Income Poverty Risks at the Transition from Unemployment to Employment: Comparing the Short-Term and Medium-Term Effects of Fixed-Term and Permanent Jobs (2023)
Zitatform
Gebel, Michael & Stefanie Gundert (2023): Changes in Income Poverty Risks at the Transition from Unemployment to Employment: Comparing the Short-Term and Medium-Term Effects of Fixed-Term and Permanent Jobs. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 167, H. 1, S. 507-533., 2023-04-11. DOI:10.1007/s11205-023-03118-5
Abstract
"Unemployment is a major risk factor of poverty and employment is regarded key to overcoming it. The present study examines how the income poverty risk of unemployed individuals changes in the short and medium term, when they take up work, and whether the effects differ according to the type of employment. The focus is on permanent and fixed-term job contracts, as the political promotion of fixed-term employment has often been framed as an effort to reduce long-term unemployment and poverty. Drawing on longitudinal data from the German panel study ‘Labour Market and Social Security’ (PASS) 2010–18, we apply a first difference estimator with asymmetric effects to examine the effect of starting a job out of unemployment on income poverty risks in the subsequent four years. Strikingly, starting in a fixed-term and permanent contract have similarly strong and lasting poverty-reducing effects in the short and medium term. Thus, with regard to risks of income poverty, starting a permanent job does not appear more beneficial than starting a fixed-term job for unemployed persons. We discuss the reasons for this finding and also explore how the poverty-reducing effects of transitions from unemployment to fixed-term versus permanent employment vary by household type, occupation, working time and firm size." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Inequality in researchers' minds: Four guiding questions for studying subjective perceptions of economic inequality (2023)
Jachimowicz, Jon M. ; Hauser, Oliver P.; Szaszi, Barnabas; Day, Martin V.; Ordabayeva, Nailya ; Davidai, Shai ; Goya-Tocchetto, Daniela; Tepper, Stephanie J. ; Mirza, M. Usman ; Phillips, L. Taylor;Zitatform
Jachimowicz, Jon M., Shai Davidai, Daniela Goya-Tocchetto, Barnabas Szaszi, Martin V. Day, Stephanie J. Tepper, L. Taylor Phillips, M. Usman Mirza, Nailya Ordabayeva & Oliver P. Hauser (2023): Inequality in researchers' minds: Four guiding questions for studying subjective perceptions of economic inequality. In: Journal of Economic Surveys, Jg. 37, H. 5, S. 1534-1561. DOI:10.1111/joes.12507
Abstract
"Subjective perceptions of inequality can substantially influence policy attitudes, public health metrics, and societal well-being, but the lack of consensus in the scientific community on how to best operationalize and measure these perceptions may impede progress on the topic. Here, we provide a theoretical framework for the study of subjective perceptions of inequality, which brings critical differences to light. This framework—which we conceptualize as a series of four guiding questions for studying subjective perceptions of economic inequality—serves as a blueprint for the theoretical and empirical decisions researchers need to address in the study of when, how, and why subjective perceptions of inequality are consequential for individuals, groups, and societies. To lay the foundation for a comprehensive approach to the topic, we offer four theoretical and empirical decisions in studying subjective perceptions of inequality, urging researchers to specify: (1) What kind of inequality? (2) What level of analysis? (3) What part of the distribution? And (4) What comparison group? We subsequently discuss how this framework can be used to organize existing research and highlight its utility in guiding future research across the social sciences in both the theory and measurement of subjective perceptions of inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The rise of market-based “choice” programs: 100 years of social sorting in social welfare services (2023)
Zitatform
Kline, Zachary D. (2023): The rise of market-based “choice” programs: 100 years of social sorting in social welfare services. In: Sociology Compass, Jg. 17. DOI:10.1111/soc4.13146
Abstract
"Social service programs in the United States increasingly focus on giving individuals and families more “choices.” The approach is exemplified by “choice programs,” where people receive services through various forms of market participation. Examples of choice programs include defined contribution retirement plans, housing vouchers, charter schools, and health insurance marketplaces. Individuals across the socioeconomic spectrum have become accustomed to choice programs, and one's social status greatly affects the types, qualities, and prices of services people receive. The importance of the conversation around choice programs for providing access to resources is immense. Yet, despite contentious debate about their utility, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the institutionalization and widespread adoption of choice programs across a diverse range of social service domains. This article synthesizes stratification literature on retirement, healthcare, education, and housing to document the historical rise of choice programs. Particular attention is given to explaining how behavioral patterns and routines become second nature, altering who benefits, who is left out, and the overall effectiveness of the social welfare system." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitslosigkeit unter inklusionstheoretischer Betrachtung nach Phelps: Eine Fallstudie (2023)
Köster, Thomas;Zitatform
Köster, Thomas (2023): Arbeitslosigkeit unter inklusionstheoretischer Betrachtung nach Phelps. Eine Fallstudie. (Marktwirtschaftliche Reformpolitik 19), Berlin: De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 171 S.
Abstract
"Thomas Köster formuliert einen Inklusionsbegriff nach den Ideen des Wirtschaftsnobelpreisträgers Edmund S. Phelps und wendet diesen auf die Situation der Langzeitarbeitslosen in Deutschland konkret an. Er nähert sich diesem sensiblen Thema mit wissenschaftlicher Sorgfalt und erarbeitet gleichwohl Reformpolitiken von hoher politischer Relevanz. Das Buch leistet einen Beitrag, ökonomische und soziologische Denkschulen klug zu verbinden. Grundsätzliche Erwägungen wie auch statistische Analysen zum Thema (Langzeit-)Arbeitslosigkeit werden über die Darstellung und Einordnung von Einzelschicksalen erlebbar. Dafür wurden in unterschiedlichen Strukturregionen Deutschlands, Interviews aufgenommen, interpretiert und eingeordnet. Es geht nicht nur, sondern auch um die Frage: sind Sie glücklich?" Ziel ist es, das individuelle Inklusionsempfinden in seiner gesamtgesellschaftlichen – und damit untrennbar verbunden: ökonomischen – Bedeutung ganzheitlich zu erfassen. Diese ganzheitliche Sicht bildet damit auch den Brückenschlag zu einem ordnungsökonomischen Mindset. Denn wie verhalten sich in einer modernen Marktgesellschaft wirtschaftliche Dynamik und Inklusion zueinander? Kurzum: Es ist ein Ansatz, der zwangsläufig Herausforderungen für marktwirtschaftliche Reformpolitiken birgt. - Skizziert Reformpolitiken, die wirtschaftliche Dynamik und Inklusion versöhnen - Leistet einen Beitrag, ökonomische und soziologische Denkschulen zu verbinden - Entwirft einen Paradigmenwechsel hin zur Lebenslaufstabilisierung durch Arbeit" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Reiches Land - arme Frauen: Was gegen strukturelle Benachteiligung von Frauen getan werden muss (2023)
Mandrysch, Claudia;Zitatform
(2023): Reiches Land - arme Frauen. Was gegen strukturelle Benachteiligung von Frauen getan werden muss. (Theorie und Praxis der sozialen Arbeit. Sonderband 2023), Weinheim: Juventa Verlag, 146 S.
Abstract
"Männer und Frauen sind in Deutschland noch immer nicht gleichberechtigt. Angesichts ausdifferenzierter Lebenslagen von Frauen steht die Frauen- und Gleichstellungspolitik vor großen Herausforderungen. Die politischen Themen, die dringend diskutiert werden müssen, sind vielfältig: etwa die Ungleichheiten auf dem Arbeitsmarkt und in der Entlohnung, die ungerechte Verteilung von unbezahlter Arbeit im Haushalt oder bei der häuslichen Pflege. Der Diskurs um Geschlechtergerechtigkeit muss noch mehr geführt werden. Die AWO hat notwendige Gleichberechtigungsdiskussionen immer schon angestoßen und geführt. Der vorliegende Sonderband steht in dieser Tradition." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
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