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Berufswahl

Was will ich werden? Welche Ausbildung, welches Studium passt zu mir und bietet langfristig sichere Perspektiven auf dem Arbeitsmarkt? Die Wahl eines Berufes gehört zu den wichtigen biographischen Weichenstellungen, auch wenn sie heute keine Festlegung für ein ganzes (Berufs-)leben mehr darstellt. Sie hat Auswirkungen auf die spätere ökonomische Sicherheit, den sozialen Status und auf Chancen zur Entfaltung der Persönlichkeit.
Dieses Themendossier bietet eine Auswahl von Literatur- und Forschungsprojektnachweisen zur Berufswahlforschung in Deutschland und anderen Ländern. Sie gibt einen Überblick über theoretische Ansätze und empirische Befunde zur Erklärung des Berufswahlverhaltens, zu Motiven der Berufswahl bei besonderen Personengruppen sowie zu Bestimmungsgründen und Einflussfaktoren bei der Entscheidungsfindung.
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Same but Different: Gender, Social Origin, and University Access. Results From a Field Experiment on Guidance Counseling (2025)

    Erdmann, Melinda ; Jacob, Marita ; Schneider, Juliana ; Helbig, Marcel ; Pietrzyk, Irena ;

    Zitatform

    Erdmann, Melinda, Irena Pietrzyk, Juliana Schneider, Marcel Helbig & Marita Jacob (2025): Same but Different: Gender, Social Origin, and University Access. Results From a Field Experiment on Guidance Counseling. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 98. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101062

    Abstract

    "Inequalities based on social origins heavily influence university access, shaping individuals’ careers and earning potential. While educational interventions in upper secondary schools have shown promise in supporting students from low social origins, their effects on gender disparities in university access remain less clear. This study investigates how social origins and gender intersect to affect university enrollment and whether counseling programs influence these patterns. Using data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in Germany evaluating a counseling program, our analysis reveals two key results. First, students’ evaluations of higher education appear to be shaped by their social background and gender before high school graduation. Second, the counseling program altered these evaluations and enrollment rates in distinct ways depending on students’ social background and gender. Our findings contribute to research on social stratification by highlighting intersectional patterns in rational choice evaluations and university enrollment. We also demonstrate that counseling in Germany effectively reduces intersectional inequalities in enrollment, which particularly benefits women from low social origins." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    BA-BIBB-IAB-Bewerberstudie zum Ausbildungsmarkt: Ausbildungssuchende ohne Kontakt zur Arbeitsagentur und Geflüchtete sind oft im Nachteil (2025)

    Ertl, Hubert; Keßler, Catie; Leber, Ute; Fitzenberger, Bernd ; Christ, Alexander ; Seegers, Marco ; Holleitner, Julia ; Anger, Silke ; Gei, Julia; Schels, Brigitte ; Christoph, Bernhard ;

    Zitatform

    Ertl, Hubert, Bernd Fitzenberger, Silke Anger, Alexander Christ, Bernhard Christoph, Julia Gei, Julia Holleitner, Catie Keßler, Ute Leber, Brigitte Schels & Marco Seegers (2025): BA-BIBB-IAB-Bewerberstudie zum Ausbildungsmarkt: Ausbildungssuchende ohne Kontakt zur Arbeitsagentur und Geflüchtete sind oft im Nachteil. (IAB-Kurzbericht 18/2025), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2518

    Abstract

    "Eine Ausbildung aufzunehmen, ist ein entscheidender Schritt auf dem Bildungsweg vieler junger Menschen. Sie müssen sich mit unterschiedlichen Ausbildungswegen auseinandersetzen und um Ausbildungsplätze bewerben. Hierbei kommt Angeboten der beruflichen Orientierung und Berufsberatung eine zentrale Rolle zu. Welche Erfahrungen machen ausbildungsinteressierte junge Menschen während der Berufsberatung, wie unterscheiden sich diese Erfahrungen und inwiefern gehen sie mit einem erfolgreichen Übergang in eine Berufsausbildung oder ein Studium einher? Daten der aktuellen BA-BIBB-IAB-Bewerberstudie zeigen, dass Ausbildungssuchende, die im Verlauf ihrer Suche nach einem Ausbildungsplatz den Kontakt zur Bundesagentur für Arbeit abgebrochen haben, und junge Geflüchtete seltener einen berufsqualifizierenden Bildungsweg einschlagen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Linking personality traits to vocational interest profiles via the circumplex: Research synthesis and new applications (2025)

    Etzel, Julian M.; Wille, Bart ; Fruyt, Filip De ; Nagy, Gabriel ;

    Zitatform

    Etzel, Julian M., Bart Wille, Filip De Fruyt & Gabriel Nagy (2025): Linking personality traits to vocational interest profiles via the circumplex: Research synthesis and new applications. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 163. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2025.104191

    Abstract

    "Vocational interests and personality traits are among the most important and widely studied individual differences constructs in vocational psychology. Although many studies have examined their bivariate associations, no study has approached this question from a profile-based perspective. In this study, we close this gap by linking personality traits to vocational interest profiles via the circumplex, an established model for structuring the interrelations between interest domains. We illustrate potential pitfalls of focusing solely on isolated bivariate associations and show how the circumplex makes it possible to summarize and visualize complex correlation patterns in a directly interpretable way. Study 1 presents a meta-analytic reanalysis of the relationships between FFM traits and RIASEC interests (N = 18,291, k = 27). Study 2 uses a latent circumplex model to better understand how strong these associations truly are and to examine their consistency across different interest taxonomies. Specifically, we apply the latent circumplex model to the aggregated data from Study 1 and to two different datasets from Germany (N = 1032) and Belgium (N = 1317). Results were remarkably consistent, demonstrating that personality traits are more strongly associated with profile configurations compared to profile levels. Openness was almost as strongly related to individual differences in interest configurations as a typical interest scale. Similarly strong associations were found for Extraversion and Agreeableness, whereas those with Neuroticism and Conscientiousness were weaker. These results shed new light on how interests and traits can be integrated, with important implications for theory and practice." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Self-Selection into Health Professions (2025)

    Fedele, Alessandro ; Wiesen, Daniel; Tonin, Mirco ;

    Zitatform

    Fedele, Alessandro, Mirco Tonin & Daniel Wiesen (2025): Self-Selection into Health Professions. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17941), Bonn, 27 S.

    Abstract

    "The health sector requires skilled, altruistic, and motivated individuals to perform complex tasks for which ex-post incentives may prove ineffective. Understanding the determinants of self-selection into health professions is therefore critical. We investigate this issue relying on data from surveys and incentivized dictator games. We compare applicants to medical and healthcare schools in Italy and Austria with non-applicants from the same regions and age cohorts. Drawing on a wide range of individual characteristics, we employ machine learning techniques for variable selection. Our findings show that higher cognitive ability, greater altruism, and the personality trait of conscientiousness are positively associated with the likelihood of applying to medical or nursing school, while neuroticism is negatively associated. Additionally, individuals with a strong identification with societal goals and those with parents working as doctors are more likely to pursue medical education. These results provide evidence of capable, altruistic, and motivated individuals self-selecting into the health sector, a necessary condition for building a high-quality healthcare workforce." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    This time it’s different – Generative artificial intelligence and occupational choice (2025)

    Goller, Daniel ; Gschwendt, Christian ; Wolter, Stefan C. ;

    Zitatform

    Goller, Daniel, Christian Gschwendt & Stefan C. Wolter (2025): This time it’s different – Generative artificial intelligence and occupational choice. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 95. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102746

    Abstract

    "We show the causal influence of the launch of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in the form of ChatGPT on the search behavior of young people for apprenticeship vacancies. To estimate the short- and medium-term effects, we use a variety of methods, including a difference-in-discontinuity approach exploiting the exogenous nature of the unanticipated launch of ChatGPT in 2022. There is a strong short- and medium-term decline in the intensity of searches for vacancies, indicating a notable reduction in the supply of young people actively seeking apprenticeships and suggesting great uncertainty among the affected cohort. Occupations with a high proportion of cognitive tasks and with high demands on language skills were particularly affected by the decline. Interestingly, the revealed preferences in the search behavior of young job seekers contrasted with previous expert assessments on the automation risks of occupations and aligned with the most recent assessments of the AI and language model exposure of occupations – before these new assessments existed. Notably, while the supply decline did not reduce the number of signed apprenticeship contracts, we find evidence of declining applicant quality, particularly for commercial employees, the most widely offered apprenticeship in Switzerland." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    From Skills to Occupations: Comparative Advantage and Cross-Country Income Differences (2025)

    Gottlieb, Charles ; Monge-Naranjo, Alexander; Grobovšek, Jan;

    Zitatform

    Gottlieb, Charles, Jan Grobovšek & Alexander Monge-Naranjo (2025): From Skills to Occupations: Comparative Advantage and Cross-Country Income Differences. (CEPR discussion paper / Centre for Economic Policy Research 20630), London, 74 S.

    Abstract

    "We revisit the role of human capital in cross-country income differences. We develop a general equilibrium model where workers of different skill groups sort into occupations by comparative advantage. Wages and employment depend on workers’ skill quality, occupation-specific country-embedded productivity, and occupational distortions. Using harmonized microdata for 50 countries, we infer these components from the model’s equilibrium conditions. Workers in rich countries exhibit higher skill quality and substantially greater productivity, especially in white-collar occupations. Human capital explains 52 percent of output-per-worker gaps, largely through the complementarity between skill composition and quality, and further amplified by technology choices biased toward skilled labor. Adopting the U.S. distribution of skill groups yields limited gains for poor countries without higher quality. Occupational distortions are more severe in low-income countries, reducing white-collar employment and raising wage premia, but with modest aggregate effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Personenzentrierte Berufsberatung: Grundlagen, Praxis, Kritik (2025)

    Griepentrog, Martin;

    Zitatform

    Griepentrog, Martin (2025): Personenzentrierte Berufsberatung. Grundlagen, Praxis, Kritik. (Pädagogik), Bielefeld: transcript, 240 S.

    Abstract

    "Staatliche Berufsberatungen haben nicht immer einen guten Ruf – zu Recht? Martin Griepentrog wertet mehr als 30 Jahre einschlägige Arbeitserfahrung aus und stellt die konzeptionellen Grundlagen und gesellschaftlichen Hintergründe der Berufsberatung dar. Dabei plädiert er für eine berufliche Beratung, die als personenzentrierte, ergebnisoffene, freiwillig und flexibel nutzbare sozialstaatliche Dienstleistung Menschen als Individuen in beruflichen und gesellschaftlichen Umbrüchen solidarisch und stärkend begleitet. Praxisrelevante Haltungen und Handlungsmuster ergänzen die Analyse und stellen die arbeitsmarktpolitische Instrumentalisierung von Beratung in Frage." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Bridging the gap: gender-specific preferences in STEM occupations in vocational education and training (2025)

    Gutfleisch, Tamara ; Nennstiel, Richard ;

    Zitatform

    Gutfleisch, Tamara & Richard Nennstiel (2025): Bridging the gap: gender-specific preferences in STEM occupations in vocational education and training. In: Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training, Jg. 17. DOI:10.1186/s40461-025-00187-3

    Abstract

    "Women’s underrepresentation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) has been widely studied, particularly in the context of general and tertiary education. However, less is known about gendered STEM sorting within vocational education and training (VET), despite VET systems playing a key role in occupational gender segregation. This study investigates gender differences in the likelihood of choosing a STEM occupation in VET using nationally representative data from Switzerland. We examine to what extent commonly studied individual-level mechanisms—such as math achievement, math self-concept, and career values—can explain the gender gap in STEM participation. To assess whether these mechanisms operate similarly across educational pathways and outcome types, we compare students pursuing or intending to pursue VET to those aspiring to an academic degree, and examine three STEM-related outcomes: intended VET occupation, aspirations for a STEM job at age 30, and intentions to pursue a math-intensive job. We find that the gender gap in STEM participation is largest in VET occupations and considerably smaller for the other two outcomes. Moreover, a larger share of the gender gap can be explained regarding occupational aspirations as opposed to VET occupations, and among students aspiring to academic education. These findings suggest that theoretical models of STEM sorting should be adapted to better reflect the specific features of VET and the types of occupations it comprises." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Geschlechtsspezifische und geschlechtsübergreifende Gründe für die Berufswahl „Chirurg*in“ – ein Scoping Review (2025)

    Hirsch, Johanna; Schüttpelz-Brauns, Katrin; Bäcker, Vanessa;

    Zitatform

    Hirsch, Johanna, Vanessa Bäcker & Katrin Schüttpelz-Brauns (2025): Geschlechtsspezifische und geschlechtsübergreifende Gründe für die Berufswahl „Chirurg*in“ – ein Scoping Review. In: Das Gesundheitswesen, Jg. 87, H. 10, S. 619-627. DOI:10.1055/a-2390-2343

    Abstract

    "Einleitung: Die Verfügbarkeit von hochqualifiziertem chirurgischen Personal in Deutschland ist seit Jahren eine Herausforderung. Trotz verschiedener Initiativen, um die Attraktivität der chirurgischen Weiterbildungen zu erhöhen, bestehen weiterhin Probleme, motivierte und qualifizierte Ärzt*innen für die Chirurgie zu gewinnen. Um passgenaue Angebote zur Nachwuchsgewinnung zu entwickeln, müssen die Entscheidungsfaktoren bekannt sein. Ziel: Darstellung der geschlechtsspezifischen und geschlechtsübergreifenden Gründe für die Wahl einer chirurgischen Facharztweiterbildung. Methode: Im Rahmen eines Scoping Reviews wurden über PubMed sowie einer anschließenden Rückwärtssuche Studien zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage identifiziert. Die aus den Studien extrahierten Daten wurden narrativ zusammenfasst und Kategorien herausgearbeitet. Ergebnisse: Die Auswertung von 12 Studien ergab, dass Männer und Frauen aufgrund der Merkmale des chirurgischen Fachs, personenbezogener Faktoren und Faktoren der Weiterbildungsstelle Chirurg*in werden möchten. Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede konnten ebenfalls identifiziert werden. Es werden konkrete Maßnahmen vorgeschlagen, um Nachwuchs in der Chirurgie zu fördern." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Mehr als eine Farbe: Wie MINT die Zukunft greifbar macht und was dafür in unserem Bildungssystem passieren muss | iit (2025)

    Lesperance, Kaley; Schaffrath, Scarlet;

    Zitatform

    Lesperance, Kaley & Scarlet Schaffrath (2025): Mehr als eine Farbe: Wie MINT die Zukunft greifbar macht und was dafür in unserem Bildungssystem passieren muss | iit. (iit Perspektive / Institut für Innovation und Technik 76), Berlin, 16 S. DOI:10.23776/2025_02

    Abstract

    "Die wachsende Bedeutung der MINT-Fächer (Mathematik, Informatik, Naturwissenschaften und Technik) für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft ist unbestreitbar. Diese Disziplinen bilden die Grundlage für Innovation und Fortschritt in zentralen Bereichen wie Digitalisierung, Klimaschutz, Ingenieurwissenschaften und Gesundheitswesen – und ermöglichen Lösungen für einige der drängendsten Herausforderungen unserer Zeit. Darüber hinaus sind die MINT-Fächer treibende Kräfte für wirtschaftliches Wachstum und internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit, da sie Industrien prägen und Arbeitsplätze schaffen. Trotz dieser Relevanz steht Deutschland weiterhin vor erheblichen Herausforderungen, eine ausreichend qualifizierte MINT-Arbeitskräftebasis zu entwickeln und zu sichern. Zwar hat sich der Fachkräftemangel in den MINT-Berufen in den vergangenen drei Jahren leicht verbessert, doch bestand zumindest im Jahr 2024 noch eine Lücke von 209.000 Fachkräften in diesem Bereich. Empirische Erkenntnisse und vorliegende Analysen bilden die Grundlage für die Entwicklung effektiver bildungspolitischer Maßnahmen im Bereich MINT. Zahlreiche Studien und Berichte haben Forschungsergebnisse geliefert, statistische Daten analysiert und in konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen überführt. Diese Studien liefern wertvolle Einblicke in Strategien, die das Engagement von Schüler:innen steigern, Chancengleichheit fördern und langfristiges Interesse an MINT-Fächern wecken. Dennoch bestehen weiterhin Lücken bei der Skalierung dieser Ansätze und bei der Überwindung von Ungleichheiten in verschiedenen Bildungskontexten. Aufbauend auf diesem Wissensstand zielt diese iit-perspektive darauf ab, die zentralen Handlungsempfehlungen relevanter MINT-Berichte in Deutschland zusammenzufassen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The Causal Effect of Parent Occupation on Child Occupation: A Multivalued Treatment with Positivity Constraints (2025)

    Lundberg, Ian ; Molitor, Daniel ; Brand, Jennie E. ;

    Zitatform

    Lundberg, Ian, Daniel Molitor & Jennie E. Brand (2025): The Causal Effect of Parent Occupation on Child Occupation: A Multivalued Treatment with Positivity Constraints. In: Sociological methods & research, Jg. 54, H. 4, S. 1435-1462. DOI:10.1177/00491241251338412

    Abstract

    "To what degree does parent occupation cause a child’s occupational attainment? We articulate this causal question in the potential outcomes framework. Empirically, we show that adjustment for only two confounding variables substantially reduces the estimated association between parent and child occupation in a U.S. cohort. Methodologically, we highlight complications that arise when the treatment variable (parent occupation) can take many categorical values. A central methodological hurdle is positivity: some occupations (e.g., lawyer) are simply never held by some parents (e.g., those who did not complete college). We show how to overcome this hurdle by reporting summaries within subgroups that focus attention on the causal quantities that can be credibly estimated. Future research should build on the longstanding tradition of descriptive mobility research to answer causal questions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Career readiness in Madrid, Spain: Insights from a survey of young adults (19-26) (2025)

    Mann, Anthony; Diaz, Jonathan; Posada, Sara Zapata;

    Zitatform

    Mann, Anthony, Jonathan Diaz & Sara Zapata Posada (2025): Career readiness in Madrid, Spain. Insights from a survey of young adults (19-26). (OECD education working papers 331), Paris, 230 S. DOI:10.1787/73cdc17d-en

    Abstract

    "This paper reports the results of a survey of young adults aged 19-26 who were educated in the Community of Madrid, Spain. The study asks users of career guidance systems within secondary education to share perspectives on their usefulness from the vantage point of the labour market participation. The study finds that overwhelmingly respondents who participated in career development activities as teenagers found them to be useful to their post-secondary transitions with many stating that they were very useful. They wished however that they had received more support from their schools, especially with regard to practical activities related to integration into the working world. Analysis finds many strong relationships between participation in career development and the quality of transitions. It is less likely for young adults who engaged more deeply in career development as teenagers to report that they were Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET) at the time of the survey and they expressed more positive attitudes about their transitions and the value of the support received from their schools." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Refugee men and women in the segmented VET market in Germany: on their career prospects and the role of resource inequality (2025)

    Meyer, Franziska ; Winkler, Oliver ;

    Zitatform

    Meyer, Franziska & Oliver Winkler (2025): Refugee men and women in the segmented VET market in Germany: on their career prospects and the role of resource inequality. In: Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training, Jg. 17. DOI:10.1186/s40461-025-00197-1

    Abstract

    "Vocational education and training (VET) systems are characterized by both gender-specific occupational segregation and vertical occupational segmentation, leading to considerable differences in income and employment stability prospects across individual training occupations. For refugee men and women in particular, whose labor market positioning is crucial for their socio-economic integration in the host country, it is therefore not only important that they enter VET, but also which specific occupation they enter. This article investigates, first, whether the dual training occupations pursued in Germany by men and women with a refugee background differ from those pursued by those from the majority population in terms of prospective income and employment stability; and second, whether these differences are mediated by variations in search and application strategies as well as network resources, on the one hand, and differences in school-leaving qualifications, on the other. Drawing on data from the BA/BIBB Applicants Survey and the Refugee Migration Study (N = 6,055), the results show that men and women with a refugee background are more likely to enter training occupations with significantly lower occupation-specific salaries than their counterparts in the majority population. Refugee men also tend to pursue occupations with higher occupation-specific unemployment rates, whereas no such difference is found for women. These disparities are only marginally mediated by variations in search and application strategies and network resources, but are largely explained by differences in school-leaving qualifications. When controlling for these resources, women with a refugee background are more likely to enter training occupations with even lower unemployment rates than women from the majority population." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Berufliche Orientierung von Studienberechtigten ̵; zunehmende Unsicherheiten? (2025)

    Ohlendorf, David; Hein, Daniel; Spangenberg, Heike ; Franke, Barbara ;

    Zitatform

    Ohlendorf, David, Daniel Hein, Heike Spangenberg & Barbara Franke (2025): Berufliche Orientierung von Studienberechtigten ̵; zunehmende Unsicherheiten? (DZHW-Brief 2025,01), Hannover, 9 S. DOI:10.34878/2025.01.dzhw_brief

    Abstract

    "Die überwiegende Mehrheit der Studienberechtigten des Jahres 2022 hat sich ein halbes Jahr vor Schulabschluss „sicher“ oder „wahrscheinlich“ für ein Studium bzw. eine Berufsausbildung entschieden. Der Anteil der Befragten mit einer „sicheren“ Studien oder Ausbildungsintention ist jedoch im Verlauf der letzten zehn Jahre gesunken." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Reaching Further Into a Theory of Career Problem-Solving and Decision-Making (2025)

    Peterson, Gary W.; Osborn, Debra S. ; Hayden, Seth C. W. ; Bullock-Yowell, Emily;

    Zitatform

    Peterson, Gary W., Debra S. Osborn, Emily Bullock-Yowell & Seth C. W. Hayden (2025): Reaching Further Into a Theory of Career Problem-Solving and Decision-Making. In: Journal of Career Development, Jg. 52, H. 1, S. 57-74. DOI:10.1177/08948453241299349

    Abstract

    "This work presents an advancement in a theory of career problem-solving and decision-making, namely, Cognitive Information Processing (CIP). New conceptualizations of the Pyramid of Information Processing domains and CASVE Cycle are defined and discussed. Developmental aspects, internal aspects and external presses of the career decision context, and the role of self-regulated learning are presented with implications for career counseling in fostering transferable career problem-solving and decision-making skills. The metacognitive aspect of CIP has been expanded to discuss the implications of new considerations of beliefs, experiences, and knowledge in reflecting on the career decision-making process. Suggestions for further avenues of research are proposed based on theoretical modifications presented." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Attraktivität beruflicher Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung aus der Perspektive von jungen Menschen mit und ohne Hochschulzugangsberechtigung: Befunde im Kontext der Programminitiative InnoVET (2025)

    Petzold-Rudolph, Kathrin; Pohl, Marion; Steib, Christian; Kuhlee, Dina;

    Zitatform

    Petzold-Rudolph, Kathrin, Marion Pohl, Christian Steib & Dina Kuhlee (2025): Attraktivität beruflicher Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung aus der Perspektive von jungen Menschen mit und ohne Hochschulzugangsberechtigung. Befunde im Kontext der Programminitiative InnoVET. In: Berufs- und Wirtschaftspädagogik - online H. 48, S. 1-26.

    Abstract

    "Die InnoVET-Programminitiative des BMBF förderte von 2021-2024 insgesamt 17 Verbundprojekte mit dem Ziel, die Attraktivität beruflicher Bildung insbesondere für leistungsstarke junge Menschen durch die Entwicklung innovativer beruflicher Bildungsformate v. a. im Bereich der Fort- und Weiterbildung zu stärken. Basierend auf empirischen Befunden einer Fragebogenerhebung der InnoVET-Begleitforschung diskutiert der Beitrag Attraktivitätsparameter, welche die Entscheidung für einen beruflichen Ausbildungs- und Karriereweg von Auszubildenden mit und ohne Hochschulzugangsberechtigung beeinflusst haben und wie die Auszubildenden die neukonzipierten Fortbildungsformate der InnoVET-Projekte hinsichtlich ihrer Attraktivität bewerten. Es zeigt sich, dass bei den Befragten ein hoher Bedarf an Informationen über berufliche Bildungswege existiert und für die Bildungswegentscheidung teils unterschiedliche Attraktivitätsparameter ausschlaggebend sind. Auch schreiben die Auszubildenden beruflichen Fort- und Weiterbildungen generell eine hohe Bedeutung zu, differenzieren allerdings deutlich hinsichtlich deren konzeptioneller Ausgestaltung. Die Befunde werden kritisch in den Forschungsstand eingeordnet und mit Blick auf die Zielstellungen der InnoVET-Programminitiative reflektiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Causal decomposition analysis in disparities research: investigating the effect of self-efficacy on the gender gap in STEM (2025)

    Quintana, Rafael ; Park, Soojin; Kang, Suyeon;

    Zitatform

    Quintana, Rafael, Soojin Park & Suyeon Kang (2025): Causal decomposition analysis in disparities research: investigating the effect of self-efficacy on the gender gap in STEM. In: Quality & quantity, Jg. 59, H. 4, S. 3327-3351. DOI:10.1007/s11135-025-02110-0

    Abstract

    "The underrepresentation of women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields has been a subject of extensive research and policy debate. However, there is limited clarity regarding the specific mechanisms that generate these disparities, and which interventions are most effective in reducing the gap. In this study, we use causal decomposition analysis to estimate how the gender gap in STEM participation would change if we were to intervene on women’s self-efficacy beliefs in mathematics. Women tend to underestimate their abilities in math-related fields, which can affect their educational and career choices. The question we ask is to what extent the gender gap in individuals’ enrollment in STEM majors and identification with mathematics would be reduced if self-efficacy in mathematics were set to be equal across gender categories. The results suggest that equalizing this target factor will reduce the observed disparities in math identity by 53%, and in the enrollment of STEM majors by 2.5%. The modest influence of self-efficacy on enrollment disparities suggests that it is not the predominant factor. We discuss the implications of our empirical findings, as well as how causal decomposition analysis can benefit social and behavioral disparities research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    A qualitative investigation into opportunity structures and disjuncture in the education-employment transition: ‘it’s scary, innit?’ (2025)

    Rolph, Chris ; Woolley, David; Williams, Samuel;

    Zitatform

    Rolph, Chris, Samuel Williams & David Woolley (2025): A qualitative investigation into opportunity structures and disjuncture in the education-employment transition: ‘it’s scary, innit?’. In: Journal of education and work, Jg. 37, H. 7/8, S. 582-597. DOI:10.1080/13639080.2025.2487425

    Abstract

    "We present a small-scale qualitative study of the transition from full time education to employment, focusing on young people who are just approaching this phase of their lives. We explore their understanding of this milestone through a series of focus groups. We also interviewed significant professionals working with young people: school teachers, careers leaders, and local employers. From the responses we identify four common themes: hopes and dreams; careers advice; industry links; and work readiness. While these themes were common to all of our participant groups, the articulation and understanding of them differed, such that adult views contribute to social structures that potentially reduce opportunity, reinforcing the sense of disjuncture for young people. Adult respondents underestimated the aspirations of young people and mistook expectations for ambitions. Both employers and those working in schools recognised a need for improved education-industry links, but there was a mutual sense of incapacity to make this happen, and different understandings of what it might mean to be work ready. Systemic failings appear to exacerbate difficulties faced by children whose families might struggle to support them as they navigate the education to employment transition." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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    The State of Global Teenage Career Preparation (2025)

    Schleicher, Andreas; Diaz, Jonathan; Mann, Anthony;

    Abstract

    "This report sets out key findings from PISA as they relate to teenage career development. The report shows that across OECD countries, students are now expressing very high levels of career uncertainty and confusion. Job expectations have changed little since 2000 and bear little relationship to actual patterns of labour market demand, including in working areas of high strategic importance. The education plans of students moreover are more strongly shaped by social background than by academic performance. Many students understandably exhibit considerable anxiety about their career preparation. Wider longitudinal research shows that participation in many career development activities is positively associated with better employment outcomes. However, PISA shows that too few students in most countries are engaging in activities which are most strongly related with better transitions. In particular, young people are not getting enough guidance in crucial fields which connect them with employers and people in work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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    Neue Online-Panelbefragung des IAB zur beruflichen Zukunft von Jugendlichen: BeYou setzt kurz vor dem Schulabschluss an (Interview) (2025)

    Schludi, Martin; Anger, Silke ; Fitzenberger, Bernd ; Heusler, Anna ;

    Zitatform

    Schludi, Martin; Silke Anger, Bernd Fitzenberger & Anna Heusler (interviewte Person) (2025): Neue Online-Panelbefragung des IAB zur beruflichen Zukunft von Jugendlichen: BeYou setzt kurz vor dem Schulabschluss an (Interview). In: IAB-Forum H. 12.11.2025. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20251112.02

    Abstract

    "Mit „BeYou - Berufswahl und Du“ hat das IAB eine neue Längsschnittbefragung von Jugendlichen aufgesetzt. Damit soll eine Datenbasis aufgebaut werden, mit der sich die Wirkung der Berufsorientierung langfristig untersuchen lässt. Die Redaktion des IAB-Forum hat bei Silke Anger, Bernd Fitzenberger und Anna Heusler nachgefragt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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