Berufswahl
Was will ich werden? Welche Ausbildung, welches Studium passt zu mir und bietet langfristig sichere Perspektiven auf dem Arbeitsmarkt? Die Wahl eines Berufes gehört zu den wichtigen biographischen Weichenstellungen, auch wenn sie heute keine Festlegung für ein ganzes (Berufs-)leben mehr darstellt. Sie hat Auswirkungen auf die spätere ökonomische Sicherheit, den sozialen Status und auf Chancen zur Entfaltung der Persönlichkeit.
Dieses Themendossier bietet eine Auswahl von Literatur- und Forschungsprojektnachweisen zur Berufswahlforschung in Deutschland und anderen Ländern. Sie gibt einen Überblick über theoretische Ansätze und empirische Befunde zur Erklärung des Berufswahlverhaltens, zu Motiven der Berufswahl bei besonderen Personengruppen sowie zu Bestimmungsgründen und Einflussfaktoren bei der Entscheidungsfindung.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
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Literaturhinweis
From Movements to Managers: Crossing Organizational Boundaries in the Field of Sustainability (2024)
Zitatform
Augustine, Grace & Brayden G. King (2024): From Movements to Managers: Crossing Organizational Boundaries in the Field of Sustainability. In: Work and occupations, Jg. 51, H. 2, S. 207-248. DOI:10.1177/07308884221142215
Abstract
"This study investigates a route to occupational activism whereby individuals with significant experience in a social movement enter organizational positions that have been established to address those same movement's concerns. Utilizing data on the career pathways of 800 individuals from the field of sustainability in higher education, we formulate and test hypotheses related to whether or not individuals with more experience in the environmental movement gain access to sustainability manager positions, and whether or not entry patterns change as the roles become more institutionalized. These questions matter because although movements pressure organizations to address issues such as equality, diversity, and sustainability, it is individuals inside organizations who are best positioned to institutionalize movement-aligned practices and policies. And if those individuals have movement backgrounds, they can be carriers of movement praxis and ideals. Through our analyses, we find that although individuals with more experience in the environmental movement have a higher likelihood of entering sustainability manager positions overall, their advantage diminishes as the positions become institutionalized as formalized organizational roles. Our findings contribute to scholarship on occupational activism and in particular to outstanding questions regarding the role of occupations and occupational members in furthering social movement ideals and initiatives inside organizations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Tertiary Education, Changing One's Educational Decision and the Role of Parental Preferences (2024)
Zitatform
Christoph, Bernhard, Heike Spangenberg & Heiko Quast (2024): Tertiary Education, Changing One's Educational Decision and the Role of Parental Preferences. In: Research in Higher Education, Jg. 65, H. 2, S. 283-302., 2023-08-08. DOI:10.1007/s11162-023-09752-9
Abstract
"Unequal access to university and the decision processes that give rise to it are important factors in the accumulation of educational inequalities. In this paper, we investigate a specific aspect of such decision processes by focusing on those students who change their original plans to start a (nontertiary) vocational education and decide to pursue a tertiary degree instead. In doing so, we find that more than one-fifth of the students in our sample who originally planned to pursue a vocational education change their original decision in this way. Moreover, while students from a more advantaged background are more likely to go to university in the first place, those among them that initially opted for a vocational education are also more likely to change their decision and go to university instead. We also find that parental preferences for tertiary education play an important role in the process of changing one’s mind, even for adult children. Moreover, we find that differential parental preferences contribute to both the emergence of social background effects and - as a result - the perpetuation of educational inequalities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Perspektive Pflege? Die Sicht der Eltern auf die Berufswahl (2024)
Driesel-Lange, Katja; Klein, Jerusha; Wentzel, Wenka; Morgenstern, Iris; Funk, Lore;Zitatform
Driesel-Lange, Katja, Jerusha Klein, Iris Morgenstern, Lore Funk & Wenka Wentzel (2024): Perspektive Pflege? Die Sicht der Eltern auf die Berufswahl. In: Berufs- und Wirtschaftspädagogik - online, S. 1-19.
Abstract
"Um die Berufswahl zu meistern, wünschen sich Jugendliche vor allem Unterstützung durch ihre Eltern (vgl. Ulrich et al. 2019, 300). Eltern gelten als Einflussfaktor für Bildungs- und Berufsverläufe (vgl. Kracke/Middendorf/Buck 2018, 1). Darüber hinaus nehmen sie u. a. durch ihr Engagement Einfluss auf berufliche Entwicklungsprozesse (vgl. Kracke/Noack 2005, 187). Die elterliche Sicht wurde bisher, vor allem mit Blick auf unterschiedliche berufliche Domänen, wenig differenziert beleuchtet (z. B. Calmbach/Schleer 2020). 1599 Eltern wurden zu Einstellungen zur Berufswahl der Kinder und ihrer Sicht auf Berufsfelder befragt. In diesem Beitrag werden vor allem Gesundheitsberufe betrachtet, die als dynamische Domäne sowohl in ökonomischer als auch gesamtgesellschaftlicher Hinsicht von großer Bedeutung sind (vgl. Weyland 2020, 337). Nur ein Zehntel der Eltern bekundet, dass ihre Kinder Perspektiven in Gesundheitsberufen nachgehen. Sie schätzen ferner diese Berufe, im Vergleich mit naturwissenschaftlichen und technischen Berufen, vor allem im Hinblick auf Verdienst und Karrieremöglichkeiten, eher kritisch ein. Erkennbar ist eine Hierarchie der Berufe, die sich möglicherweise aus vermuteten Erträgen und Perspektiven in spezifischen Berufen ergibt. Ausgehend von den Erkenntnissen zu den elterlichen Perspektiven der hier adressierten Domänen und Berufe sollen Implikationen für die Elternarbeit herausgestellt werden. Diese Befunde sind vor dem Hintergrund der von Eltern geäußerten Aufgabe des Aufzeigens von zukunftssicheren Berufen und der Breite an Ausbildungen und Studiengängen (vgl. Calmbach/Schleer 2020, 44) für Konzepte der Beruflichen Orientierung zu diskutieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Inheritance of fields of study (2023)
Zitatform
Altmejd, Adam (2023): Inheritance of fields of study. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2023,11), Uppsala, 60 S.
Abstract
"University graduates are more than three times as likely to hold a degree in the field that their parent graduated from. To estimate how much of this association is caused by the educational choices of parents, I exploit admission thresholds to university programs in a regression discontinuity design. I study individuals who applied to Swedish universities between 1977 and 1992 and evaluate how their enrollment in different fields of study increases the probability that their children later study the same topic. I find strong causal influence. At the aggregate level, children become 50% more likely to graduate from a field if their parent has previously enrolled in it. The effect is positive for most fields, but varies substantially in size. Technology, engineering, medicine, business exhibit the largest, significant, effects. For these fields, parental enrollment increases child graduation probability with between 2.0 and 12.8 percentage points. I show that the parent’s labor market experience plays an important role in explaining the results, but parental field enrollment does not increase subject-specific skills, nor is it associated with higher returns to earnings. I find little evidence for comparative advantage being the key driver of field inheritance. Rather, parents seem to function as role models, making their own field choice salient. This is indicated by the fact that children become less likely to follow parents with weak labor market prospects, and that children are more likely to follow the parent with the same gender." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational aspirations at the end of compulsory schooling: The interplay of parents' educational background, work values and self-Concepts in the reproduction of inequality (2023)
Zitatform
Astleithner, Franz, Susanne Vogl & Raphaela Kogler (2023): Occupational aspirations at the end of compulsory schooling: The interplay of parents' educational background, work values and self-Concepts in the reproduction of inequality. In: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Jg. 48, H. 3, S. 333-358. DOI:10.1007/s11614-023-00541-3
Abstract
"Am Ende der Sekundarstufe I stehen Entscheidungen über die weitere Schul- oder Berufsausbildung und bestimmen den schulischen und beruflichen Werdegang. Das Verständnis der Entscheidungsprozesse während dieses Übergangs hilft, die generationsübergreifende Reproduktion von Ungleichheit aufzuklären. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Einflüsse auf Berufswünsche und die Art und Weise, wie der Bildungsstand der Eltern sie prägt, zu verstehen. Wir haben Daten aus einer Online-Umfrage unter 3078 Schülern im Alter von etwa 15 Jahren in der allgemeinbildenden Schule der Neuen Mittelschule in Wien (Österreich) analysiert. Basierend auf Regressionsanalysen und Pfadmodellen zeigen wir, dass der Bildungshintergrund mit den Berufswünschen zusammenhängt. Arbeitswerte, Einstellungen zur Schule und Sozialkapital prägen Berufswünsche, können aber nicht (vollständig) durch den Bildungshintergrund erklärt werden. Darüber hinaus finden wir keine Hinweise darauf, dass die Kontrollüberzeugung das Niveau der beruflichen Ambitionen beeinflusst." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag)
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Literaturhinweis
Ausbildungsmarkt und ökologische Transformation: Auszubildende entscheiden sich zunehmend für Berufe mit umweltfreundlichen Tätigkeiten (2023)
Zitatform
Brixy, Udo, Markus Janser & Andreas Mense (2023): Ausbildungsmarkt und ökologische Transformation: Auszubildende entscheiden sich zunehmend für Berufe mit umweltfreundlichen Tätigkeiten. (IAB-Kurzbericht 19/2023), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2319
Abstract
"Der Klimawandel erfordert eine Umstrukturierung der Volkswirtschaft hin zu ökologisch nachhaltigeren Technologien mit weitgehendem Verzicht auf fossile Energien. Dadurch steigt auch der Bedarf an bestimmten Fachkräften. Der dualen Ausbildung kommt zur Deckung dieses Bedarfs eine besonders wichtige Rolle zu. Wie kann der Umbau aber gelingen, wenn in den nächsten Jahren besonders viele Beschäftigte in Rente gehen und gleichzeitig die Zahl der Schulabgänger*innen eher klein ist? Die Autoren untersuchen in diesem Kurzbericht, wie sich der Ausbildungsmarkt für Berufe mit umwelt- und klimafreundlichen Tätigkeiten seit 2013 entwickelt hat." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Intergenerational transmission or local labor market context? A comparative analysis of the formation of work value patterns in 65 European regions (2023)
Zitatform
Hörisch, Felix & Julia Weiss (2023): Intergenerational transmission or local labor market context? A comparative analysis of the formation of work value patterns in 65 European regions. In: International Journal of Social Welfare online erschienen am 06.10.2023, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12634
Abstract
"This article analyzes the driving factors behind the formation of individual work values in European welfare states. By comparing relative preferences for extrinsic and intrinsic work values, we shed light on the discussion of the effects of intergenerational transmission and the structuring effects of labor market policies and regional opportunity structures on the formation of work values. Therefore, a multilevel analysis is applied using the innovative CUPESSE data set, which provides data on young adults and their parents in 65 NUTS‐1‐regions from 11 European countries. The results show that individual work values of young Europeans are most substantively shaped by the respective values of their parents. Furthermore, we demonstrate that individual characteristics such as sex, education and personal unemployment experiences determine preferences for work values. Finally, the paper shows that the local labor market context and welfare state arrangements also play a decisive role in the formation of individual work values." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
University peers and career prospects: The impact of university ties on early labor market outcomes (2023)
Zitatform
Ilyés, Virág & Anna Sebők (2023): University peers and career prospects: The impact of university ties on early labor market outcomes. In: Economics of Education Review, Jg. 96. DOI:10.1016/j.econedurev.2023.102456
Abstract
"By using extensive Hungarian administrative data, this study aims to provide empirical evidence that former university ties strongly influence the labour market outcomes of individuals, even early in their careers. The estimates focus on the early career paths of graduates who obtained a master's degree between 2010 and 2017. As direct information on social contacts is not available in the dataset, we proxy university peers as students who started and finished the same university programmes (bachelor's or master's) in the same semester. Our results suggest that individuals are more likely to get hired by given firms if their former peers work there. The measured effects are considered significant and quite robust, even after controlling for the important sources of potential bias. Although we cannot present exact proof of the direct help of contacts, we provide suggestive evidence that seems to confirm the existence of such assistance. Our findings also revealed that the measured benefits are mainly attributable to connections from bachelor's studies. The effect of master's peers is mostly driven by the selection of individuals alongside prevalent study track-firm pathways. By comparing entries into new firms with and without peers, we also show that graduates with links have better labor market outcomes after hiring: they earn higher wages, obtain better and more prestigious positions, and stay longer at their new firm. The results draw attention to the importance of university peers in the labour market and contribute to the discussions about the determinants of early labour market success." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Karriereachterbahn: Was unsere Berufswege wirklich beeinflusst (2023)
Mayrhofer, Wolfgang; Steyrer, Johannes;Zitatform
Mayrhofer, Wolfgang & Johannes Steyrer (Hrsg.) (2023): Karriereachterbahn. Was unsere Berufswege wirklich beeinflusst. Wien: Linde, 199 S.
Abstract
"Wer warum Karriere macht: Warum wird die eine Bundeskanzlerin, der andere Geschäftsführer eines mittelständischen Unternehmens und die dritte arbeitet über Jahre in Teilzeit? Wodurch werden Karrieren bestimmt? Wie sehr können Menschen ihre Karriere beeinflussen? Und: Wie stark hängt der Karriereerfolg von persönlichen und situativen Faktoren ab? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen analysiert das Buch anhand von sieben Dimensionen des Karriereerfolgs Berufsverläufe aus mehr als vier Jahrzehnten. Dafür wurden erstmals auch über 500 Studien aus einem Zeitraum von fast 50 Jahren mit über 600.000 Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmern sowie eine über Jahrzehnte angelegte Langzeitstudie ausgewertet. Die Daten zu individuellen Karrieren und ihren Bestimmungsfaktoren zeigen: Anstrengung und Leistung lohnen sich, auch wenn Persönlichkeit, der eigene soziale Hintergrund und die Unterstützung durch die Organisation sowie Arbeitsmarkt und Konjunktur eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Ebenfalls wird deutlich, dass der Einfluss von Persönlichkeit und strategisch-taktischem Agieren heute wesentlich größer ist als früher." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Linde Verlag)
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Literaturhinweis
Skills, Aspirations, and Occupations (2023)
Orellana, Alexis; Tan, Kegon Teng Kok;Zitatform
Orellana, Alexis & Kegon Teng Kok Tan (2023): Skills, Aspirations, and Occupations. (HCEO working paper / Human capital and economic opportunity global working group 2023,027), Chicago, Ill., 44 S.
Abstract
"It is well documented that children often "inherit" the occupations of their parents. This paper studies the role of early occupational aspirations in determining later life outcomes, a potentially important channel for intergenerational correlations in occupations. Using the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, we estimate a lifecycle model of college choice and occupation choice to quantify the effect of aspirations on education and wages. We find that aspirations have a sizeable impact on educational attainment and wages, even conditional on latent skills that we recover from the choice model. We also simulate the importance of family background conditional on skills through the strong correlation between family background and aspirations. Our findings suggest that aspirations may be a valuable lever for reducing intergenerational inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social norms and gendered occupational choices of men and women: Time to turn the tide? (2023)
Zitatform
Palffy, Patricia, Patrick Lehnert & Uschi Backes-Gellner (2023): Social norms and gendered occupational choices of men and women: Time to turn the tide? In: Industrial Relations, Jg. 62, H. 4, S. 380-410. DOI:10.1111/irel.12332
Abstract
"We analyze the relationship between social gender norms and adolescents' occupational choices by combining regional votes on constitutional amendments on gender equality with job application data from a large job board for apprenticeships. The results show that adolescent males in regions with stronger traditional social gender norms are more likely to apply for typically male occupations. This finding does not hold for females, suggesting that incentivizing men to break the norms and choose gender-atypical occupations (e.g., in healthcare) can be even more effective in accelerating advancement toward gender equality in the labor market than incentivizing women to choose STEM occupations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
It's a matter of interest. How adolescents' gender, social class, and vocational interests prevent the fit between their vocational interests and occupational aspirations (2023)
Zitatform
Stuth, Stefan (2023): It's a matter of interest. How adolescents' gender, social class, and vocational interests prevent the fit between their vocational interests and occupational aspirations. (SocArXiv papers), [Charlottesville, VA], 37 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/q897w
Abstract
"It is important for adolescents’ future well-being, job satisfaction, and job performance to aspire to occupations that fit their vocational interests. The reason why adolescents do not achieve such a fit might not lie alone in anticipated labor-market barriers or their school achievement but also in their vocational interests. Based on Gottfredson’s (1981) theory on the circumscription of occupational aspirations, I test whether there are vocational interests for which circumscription processes do not leave adolescents with a selection of acceptable occupations they can aspire to that also fit their vocational interests. Descriptive analyses based on the German Microcensus provide information on occupations primary RIASEC code based on Holland (1997) and their gender composition and social class (socio-economic status and educational composition). These analyses show that adolescents with realistic and investigative interests should seldomly be able to aspire to occupations that simultaneously conform to all three aspects of their self-concept, which consists of their gender, social class, and their vocational interests. In such cases the youngest element of the self-concept should be abandoned – the vocational interests. Using a sample of adolescents who were in upper secondary schools, I run a series of logistic regressions that confirmed this assumption." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Pflege? Damit kann ich mich (nicht) sehen lassen...: Zum Image von Pflegeberufen und seiner Bedeutung für die Berufswahl Jugendlicher (2022)
Ebbinghaus, Margit;Zitatform
Ebbinghaus, Margit (2022): Pflege? Damit kann ich mich (nicht) sehen lassen... Zum Image von Pflegeberufen und seiner Bedeutung für die Berufswahl Jugendlicher. (BIBB-Report 2022,01), Leverkusen, 20 S.
Abstract
"Pflegekräfte sind rar in Deutschland. Strukturelle Änderungen bei den Ausbildungsgängen sollen daher gemeinsam mit Imagekampagnen dazu beitragen, dass sich mehr junge Menschen für eine Ausbildung in der Pflege interessieren. Gleichzeitig sind im Zuge der Covid-19-Pandemie neben der Relevanz auch die Schattenseiten von Tätigkeiten in der Pflege verstärkt in das öffentliche Bewusstsein gerückt. Vor diesem Hintergrund beschäftigt sich dieser BIBB Report mit der Frage, welches Image Pflegeberufe derzeit bei Jugendlichen haben und was daraus für ihr Interesse an einer Pflegeausbildung folgt. Es zeigt sich, dass die Neigung zu einer Pflegeausbildung größer ist, wenn Pflegekräften solche Imageattribute zuerkannt werden, die für das mit einem Beruf erreichbare soziale Ansehen relevant sind. Das ist insbesondere bei Hauptschülerinnen und -schülern der Fall." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Pushing Higher or Lower? Divergent Parental Expectations and Compromises in Occupational Choice (2022)
Fischer-Browne, Melanie;Zitatform
Fischer-Browne, Melanie (2022): Pushing Higher or Lower? Divergent Parental Expectations and Compromises in Occupational Choice. In: Social Inclusion, Jg. 10, H. 2, S. 240-251. DOI:10.17645/si.v10i2.5056
Abstract
"Many adolescents in Germany are unable to realize their realistic occupational aspirations when they transition from school to vocational education and training (VET). However, little is known about the underlying circumstances and what the compromises look like when these adolescents come to take up a VET occupation. As parents perform an important socialization role, which is also influential in occupational orientation, this article examines the role of divergent parental expectations. Are parental expectations, which differ from adolescents' realistic occupational aspirations, related to the probability that adolescents will take up different occupations than they originally aspired to? Are relatively higher or lower parental expectations associated with a corresponding direction of compromise formation? Are there differences between men and women in the relationship between divergent parental expectations and compromise formation? This empirical analysis is based on a sample of 1243 VET entrants from the starting cohort 4 of the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS). The compromise formation of the adolescents is measured by comparing their realistic occupational aspirations from ninth grade with their first VET occupation. Results from multinomial logistic regression models show that adolescents adjust their occupational choices to their parents' divergent expectations. Women are more likely to make compromises that accommodate their parents' higher expectations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Interplay between family background and labour-market conditions in shaping students' occupational status expectations (2022)
Zitatform
Hartung, Andreas, Katarina Weßling & Steffen Hillmert (2022): Interplay between family background and labour-market conditions in shaping students' occupational status expectations. In: Journal of education and work, Jg. 35, H. 4, S. 405-421. DOI:10.1080/13639080.2022.2073338
Abstract
"This study examines the relevance of labour-market conditions for individual occupational status expectations. We are particularly interested in students’ status expectations in the final stages of their school careers. Occupational expectations are an important basis for adolescents’ biographical decisions and corresponding transitions to vocational training and employment. By anticipating their likely labour-market situation, adolescents adjust their occupational choices; however, this anticipation is strongly moderated by their family background. We demonstrate this interaction using the example of school students in Germany’s secondary education’s tracked system. We link survey data from the German National Educational Panel Study to regionalised administrative data on unemployment. We find expectations for higher-status occupations in poor regional labour markets among students in non-academic school tracks. In contrast, students in the academic track aspire to lower status occupations in poor regional labour markets. In both cases, higher parental occupational status mitigates the impact of labour-market conditions on individual occupational status expectations. Our results indicate a greater awareness of structural conditions in the region among adolescents who are equipped with fewer familial resources." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Are Adolescents in One‐Parent Families a Previously Unnoticed Group in Inclusive Career Guidance? (2022)
Klein, Jerusha; Ohlemann, Svenja; Driesel‐Lange, Katja;Zitatform
Klein, Jerusha, Katja Driesel‐Lange & Svenja Ohlemann (2022): Are Adolescents in One‐Parent Families a Previously Unnoticed Group in Inclusive Career Guidance? In: Social Inclusion, Jg. 10, H. 2, S. 278-289. DOI:10.17645/si.v10i2.5085
Abstract
"In Germany, schools are largely responsible for adolescents' career development. Corresponding interventions in career guidance must take into account various endogenous and exogenous factors of individualized development to foster successful post‐school transitions. Parents, in particular, are one of the most significant influencing factors when it comes to shaping after‐school plans usually having a highly positive effect along with teacher support. Children in one‐parent families constitute a group that has received little attention so far in the context of career guidance analysis. They are at a higher risk of social decline into precarious circumstances and of living in families with lower education levels as well as less parental care time. In addition, one‐parent families more often report that they are unable to adequately support their children concerning career development, ultimately impacting the children's post‐school transition. Based on the theoretical model of career competence, a sample from eight German schools (N = 1998) is used to investigate to what extent adolescents in one‐parent families differ from their peers in other family compositions regarding both support and development of career competence. Each school's location and teacher support are included in the calculations. This study shows that adolescents in one‐parent families display below‐average levels concerning three of the analysed facets (occupational knowledge, exploration, and self‐regulation)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effect of gender norms on gender-based sorting across occupations (2022)
Zitatform
Marcén, Miriam & Marina Morales (2022): The effect of gender norms on gender-based sorting across occupations. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 1160), Essen, 41 S.
Abstract
"Despite the notable progress that has been made in bridging the gap between women and men in the world of work, women are still underrepresented in several occupations. In this article, the effect of gender norms on whether women enter male-dominated occupations is analysed using differences in gender equality among early-arrival migrants. The variations in gender norms according to the cultural backgrounds of those migrants by country of origin are exploited to identify their impact on occupational choices. Using data from the American Community Survey, it is found that greater gender equality in the country of origin reduces the gender gap in male-dominated occupations. Suggestive evidence is further shown on the roles of job flexibility and women's relative preferences for family-friendly jobs in shaping gender-based sorting across occupations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does Ethnic Diversity in Schools Affect Occupational Choices? (2022)
Zitatform
Pregaldini, Damiano, Simone Balestra & Uschi Backes-Gellner (2022): Does Ethnic Diversity in Schools Affect Occupational Choices? (Working paper / Swiss Leading House 201), Zürich, 51 S.
Abstract
"We study how two distinct dimensions of peer ethnic diversity (ethnic fractionalization and ethnic polarization) affect occupational choice. Using longitudinal administrative data and leveraging variation in ethnic composition across cohorts within schools, we find evidence for two opposing effects. Ethnic fractionalization increases the likelihood of students sorting into people-oriented occupations while ethnic polarization reduces this likelihood. Using data on social and cognitive skills, we provide evidence that exposure to higher levels of ethnic fractionalization enhances the students' formation of social skills and increases the likelihood of students sorting into people-oriented occupations where the returns to these skills are higher." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Compromises between Occupational Aspirations and VET Occupations - a Contribution to the Reproduction of Social Inequalities? (2022)
Zitatform
Schels, Brigitte, Corinna Kleinert, Melanie Fischer-Browne & Lea Ahrens (2022): Compromises between Occupational Aspirations and VET Occupations - a Contribution to the Reproduction of Social Inequalities? In: Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Jg. 51, H. 2, S. 154-173., 2022-05-11. DOI:10.1515/zfsoz-2022-0011
Abstract
"Viele Schulabgänger_innen können ihre Berufsaspiration beim Eintritt in Berufsausbildung nicht erfüllen und gehen Kompromisse ein. Die Studie untersucht, wie Kompromisse zwischen realistischer Berufsaspiration und Ausbildungsberuf aussehen und prüft soziale Herkunftsunterschiede. Um Kompromisse multidimensional in extrinsischen Berufsdimensionen zu erfassen, werden Daten des Nationalen Bildungspanels für ein Sample von Ausbildungsanfänger_innen mit aggregierten Berufsdaten angereichert. Eine Clusteranalyse zeigt vier Muster der Kompromissbildung: 1) Relative Aufstiege und 2) Abstiege in allen Berufsdimensionen, 3) Zugeständnisse bei Unternehmensgröße und Lohn und 4) bei regulären Arbeitszeiten und Status. Regressionsanalysen zeigen, dass sich die Kompromissbildung kaum nach elterlichen Bildungshintergrund und beruflicher Stellung unterscheidet. Im Vergleich zu Auszubildenden ohne Migrationshintergrund stellen sich Auszubildende aus Migrantenfamilien der zweiten Generation in ihrem Ausbildungsberuf sogar besser als in ihrem angestrebten Beruf." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Gendersensible Berufsorientierung mit einem Serious Game: Didaktische Einbettung des Spiels „Serena Supergreen“ (2022)
Spangenberger, Pia; Draeger, Iken; Kapp, Felix; Matthes, Nadine; Kruse, Linda;Zitatform
Spangenberger, Pia, Iken Draeger, Felix Kapp, Linda Kruse & Nadine Matthes (2022): Gendersensible Berufsorientierung mit einem Serious Game: Didaktische Einbettung des Spiels „Serena Supergreen“. In: W. Becker & M. Metz (Hrsg.): Digitale Lernwelten – Serious Games und Gamification: Didaktik, Anwendungen und Erfahrungen in der Beruflichen Bildung (2022), Wiesbaden, Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden S. 127-146. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-35059-8_9
Abstract
"Wie gendersensible Berufsorientierung mit einem Serious Game gelingen kann, zeigen Dr.in Pia Spangenberger, Iken Draeger, Dr. Felix Kapp, Linda Kruse und Nadine Matthes auf. Anhand des Serious Games Serena Supergreen wird für den Bereich der technischen Ausbildungsberufe gezeigt, wie das Fähigkeitsselbstkonzept von Mädchen im Bereich Technik gestärkt und dadurch eine gendersensible Berufsorientierung ermöglicht wird. Das didaktische Konzept ist so aufgebaut, dass nach dem Spielen in den begleiteten Unterrichtseinheiten die Spielerfahrung reflektiert wird. So werden die technischen Aufgaben, die im Spiel erfolgreich gemeistert worden sind, im Rahmen der Unterrichtseinheit, durch eine Lehrkraft angleitet praktisch umgesetzt und auf konkrete berufliche Handlungssituationen bezogen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku; © Springer)