Zitatform

Vilhjalmsdottir, Gudbjörg & Gudmundur B. Arnkelsson (2013): Social aspects of career choice from the perspective of habitus theory. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 83, H. 3, S. 581-590. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2013.08.002

Abstract

"The concept of habitus designates a cognitive structure that is socially embedded and can give valuable insight into the social influences on career choice. A study investigating the relationship of habitus to career choice is presented in a sample of Icelandic youth aged 19 - 22 (N = 476). Measures of habitus were developed on the basis of reported cultural and leisure activities. The analysis of leisure and cultural items progressed in two steps: factor analysis and cluster analysis. The clusters constitute the four different habitus groups: Pop and fashion, Sports and rock, Music, and Literature. Correspondence factor analysis showed that the habitus groups (clusters) were related to other social variables, such as gender and class; validating habitus theory. Additionally, habitus measures were strongly linked to career variables, such as occupational perception and preferred future occupation. The results support previous research in showing that habitus theory is relevant to career counseling theory and can be a basis of understanding the relationship between social structure and career choice." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Gati, Itamar, Reuma Gadassi & Rona Mashiah-Cohen (2012): Career decision-making profiles vs. styles. Convergent and incremental validity. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 81, H. 1, S. 2-16. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2012.03.004

Abstract

"The present research investigated the convergent and incremental validity of the multidimensional mode) and questionnaire - the Career Decision-Making Profiles (CDMP, Gati, Landman, Davidovitch, Peretz-Asulin, & Gadassi, 2010) - by comparing it to two prevalent decision-making style models. Study 1 compared the CDMP to the Vocational Decision Style Indicator (VDSI: Walsh, 1986) using a sample of 423 young adults. Study 2 compared the CDMP to the General Decision-Making Style inventory (GDMS: Scott & Bruce, 1995; based an Harren, 1979) using a sample of 427 individuals. The results of Studies 1 and 2 supported the convergent validity of the CDMP. Moreover, the results supported the advantage of the CDMP over the VDSI in predicting individuals' stages in the career decision-making process" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Guichard, Jean, Jacques Pouyaud, Cécile de Calan & Bernadette Dumora (2012): Identity construction and career development interventions with emerging adults. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 81, H. 1, S. 52-58. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2012.04.004

Abstract

"Today's wealthy societies are more fluid, varied and complex than they were just a few decades ago. As a consequence, what were 'vocational choices' at the beginning of the 20th century now appear as 'life designing issues'. In this context, contemporary research stresses the plurality and relative malleability of human subjects as well as their ability to take reflexive stances on their current and past experiences. Fitting in such an epistemology, a selfconstructing model is proposed as a basis for a life designing counseling interview. This model describes self-identity as a dynamic system of (past, present and expected) subjective identity forms (SIF), the synthesis and dynamism of which originate in a tension between two kinds of reflexivity. Counseling interviews with emerging adults show that the elicitation of some expected SIF allows them to re-read their current and past experiences from such a perspective and constitutes a compelling incentive to act." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Mansel, Jürgen & Carsten Speck (Hrsg.) (2012): Jugend und Arbeit. Empirische Bestandsaufnahmen und Analysen. (Jugendforschung), Weinheim: Beltz, 306 S.

Abstract

"Arbeit ist ein zentraler Aspekt der Identitätsentwicklung. Erst mit dem Eintritt in das Erwerbsleben gilt die für die Jugendphase zentrale Entwicklungsaufgabe als erfolgreich bewältigt. Es stellt sich daher die Frage, in welchen Lebenssituationen Jugendliche in unterschiedlichen Statuspassagen und sozialen Milieus aufwachsen und wie sie ihre beruflichen Lebenssituationen und biografischen Perspektiven wahrnehmen und gestalten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Steiner, Karin, Monira Kerler & Sandra Schneeweiß (2012): Berufs- und Arbeitsmarktorientierung für Jugendliche. Anforderungen im Wirkungsbereich von Pädagogischen Hochschulen und AMS. (AMS report 88), Wien, 64 S.

Abstract

"In einem ersten Schritt werden in diesem Bericht der Status quo und die Trends in der schulischen und außerschulischen Bildungs- und Berufsberatungslandschaft in Österreich dargestellt. Im Anschluss wird kurz der Wirkungsbereich der Pädagogischen Hochschulen skizziert. In einem nächsten Schritt folgt die Darstellung der Literaturanalyse über die Anforderungen an die schulische Bildungs- und Berufsberatung. In diesem theoretischen Teil werden die Ergebnisse der Literaturanalyse skizziert. Im methodischen Teil werden die Ergebnisse der qualitativen Analyse dargestellt. Diese basieren auf den zehn durchgeführten qualitativen Leitfadeninterviews mit ExpertInnen. Dabei wurden ExpertInnen aus dem Wirkungsbereich der Pädagogischen Hochschulen, aus außerschulischen Bildungs- und Berufsberatungsinstitutionen, aus dem Wissenschaftsbereich und aus dem Bereich des zuständigen Ministeriums gewählt. Im vorletzten Schritt werden kurz jene Punkte zusammengefasst, die von den ExpertInnen als Mängel im schulischen Bildungs- und Berufsberatungssystem in Österreich genannt wurden. Den Abschluss bildet eine Zusammenfassung der theoretischen und empirischen Ergebnisse." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Brown, Sarah, Aurora Ortiz-Nunez & Karl Taylor (2011): What will I be when I grow up? An analysis of childhood expectations and career outcomes. In: Economics of education review, Jg. 30, H. 3, S. S . 493-506. DOI:10.1016/j.econedurev.2010.12.003

Abstract

"In this paper, we utilise the British National Child Development Study to explore the determinants of career expectations formed at the age of 16. We analyse the influence of careers advice and resources at school on career expectations as well as the influence of education. In addition, we explore the accuracy of occupational expectations as compared to the occupation that the respondents subsequently become employed in. Throughout our findings, human capital and gender play a pivotal role in explaining career expectations as well as explaining the accuracy of the occupational forecast. Interestingly, the level of school resources available for careers guidance in terms of the number of teachers who are qualified to give careers advice and the amount of specific careers guidance training received by these teachers both have relatively small effects upon career expectations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bubany, Shawn T. & Jo-Ida C. Hansen (2011): Birth cohort change in the vocational interests of female and male college students. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 78, H. 1, S. 59-67. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2010.08.002

Abstract

"The purpose of this research was to investigate the extent to which vocational interests have changed across birth cohorts of college students to better understand how socio-cultural factors may have an impact on career development. Using meta-analytic data collection methods, dissertations and journal articles presenting interests scores representing Holland's RIASEC typology from the Strong Interest Inventory and Strong Campbell interest inventory were gathered. With samples spanning a time period from 1976 to 2004, relations between cohort year and interests were examined with weighted regressions. A salient aspect of our results was an increase in the Enterprising interests of females and decrease in the Realistic and Investigative interests of males. This finding, along with a reduction in differences between female and male Investigative, Enterprising, and Conventional interests from earlier to more recent cohorts parallels movement of American culture toward egalitarian views of gender and provides evidence for the effect of sociocultural factors on interests." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Chevalier, Arnaud (2011): Subject choice and earnings of UK graduates. (IZA discussion paper 5652), Bonn, 36 S.

Abstract

"Using a survey of a cohort of UK graduates, linked to administrative data on higher education participation, this paper investigates the labour market attainment of recent graduates by subject of study. We document a large heterogeneity in the mean wages of graduates from different subjects and a considerably larger one within subject with individuals with the most favourable unobserved characteristics obtaining wages almost twice as large as those with the worst. Moreover, gender differences in wages within subjects are also large. We then simulate a graduate tax to calculate a willingness to pay - in form of tuition fees - to capture these subject wage premia." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Demiralp, Berna (2011): Occupational self-selection in a labor market with moral hazard. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 55, H. 4, S. 497-519. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2010.07.005

Abstract

"This paper studies the determinants and implications of self-selection when firms imperfectly observe worker effort. The effects of the resulting moral hazard problem on the self-selection mechanism are analyzed in a model in which workers simultaneously choose an employment sector and an effort level. The implications of the model reveal that in the presence of moral hazard, workers' effort decisions become an additional mechanism determining the pattern of selection into sectors. Workers' sector-specific endowments impact sectoral allocation through their effect on workers' comparative advantage as well as their effect on workers' shirking propensity. The model is then used in an empirical application that analyzes workers' self-selection into white collar and blue collar occupations. The estimation results, based on data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, suggest that workers' occupational self-selection leads to higher wages and lower dismissal rates in both occupations, compared to an economy in which workers are randomly assigned to each occupation. The difference in dismissal rates between the two occupations is driven by the higher expected productivity in the white collar sector. The positive effects of occupational sorting diminish as the labor market becomes increasingly characterized by moral hazard. Results also suggest that human capital investments in skills that are most relevant to blue collar jobs may generate higher wages and lower dismissal rates in both white collar and blue collar occupations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Dietrich, Julia, Bärbel Kracke & Jari-Erik Nurmi (2011): Parents' role in adolescents' decision on a college major. A weekly diary study. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 79, H. 1, S. 134-144. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2010.12.003

Abstract

"This study examined 39 adolescents during their transition to university. In standardized weekly diaries over several weeks (M = 8.13) adolescents reported on engagement in career exploration (in-breadth and in-depth self and environmental exploration), their parents' transition-related involvement (frequency of conversations, support, and interference), and their satisfaction with how the transition progressed. The results showed that exploration largely fluctuated across weeks, whereas parent involvement was more stable. Family members' engagement varied according to the phase of the application process the adolescent was involved in. The more adolescents explored during a given week, the more they talked to their parents, and the more supportive parents were. Associations between interference and exploration differed by type of exploration. Both exploration and support contributed to higher satisfaction." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Emran, M. Shahe & Forhad Shilpi (2011): Intergenerational occupational mobility in rural economy. Evidence from Nepal and Vietnam. In: The Journal of Human Resources, Jg. 46, H. 2, S. 427-458.

Abstract

"This paper presents evidence on intergenerational occupational mobility from agriculture to the nonfarm sector using survey data from Nepal and Vietnam. In the absence of credible instruments, the degree of selection on observables is used as a guide to the degree of selection on unobservables, a' la Altonji et al. (2005) to address the unobserved genetic correlations. The results show that intergenerational occupational mobility is lower among women in both countries, and is lower in Nepal compared with Vietnam. In the case of Nepal, strong evidence favors a causal role played by the mother's nonfarm participation in the daughter's occupation choice, possibly because of cultural inheritance in a traditional society." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hellerstein, Judith K. & Melinda Sandler Morrill (2011): Dads and daughters. The changing impact of fathers on women's occupational choices. In: The Journal of Human Resources, Jg. 46, H. 2, S. 333-372.

Abstract

"We examine whether women's rising labor force participation led to increased intergenerational transmission of occupation from fathers to daughters. We develop a model where fathers invest in human capital that is specific to their own occupations. Our model generates an empirical test where we compare the trends in the probabilities that women work in their father's versus their father-in-law's occupation. Using data from birth cohorts born between 1909 and 1977, our results indicate that the estimated difference in these trends accounts for at least 13 - 20 percent of the total increase in the probability that a woman enters her father's occupation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hirschi, Andreas (2011): Career-choice readiness in adolescence. Developmental trajectories and individual differences. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 79, H. 2, S. 340-348. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2011.05.005

Abstract

"Developing career-choice readiness is an important task in adolescence, but current theory and research has provided a rather static view of the phenomenon. The present study investigated the development of career-choice readiness among a group of 325 Swiss students assessed four times every 5 months from seventh through eighth grade. A variable-centered approach applying latent curve modeling showed not only a linear increase of readiness over time but also significant inter-individual differences in the level and development of readiness. Higher levels were predicted by more self-esteem and generalized self-efficacy and fewer perceived barriers while increase in readiness was predicted by increase in occupational information. A person-centered approach applying latent class-growth analysis identified four distinct developmental trajectories: high-increasing (42%), high-decreasing (5%), moderate-increasing (42%), and constantly low (11%). Students with different trajectories showed significant differences in core self-evaluations, occupational knowledge, and barriers. The results suggest that environmental demands promote a developmental trend in readiness development that overrules individual differences for the majority of students. Individual differences affect the level of readiness to a greater extent than the process of its development. Career information seems pivotal for readiness increase." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ortega, Javier & Gregory Verdugo (2011): Immigration and the occupational choice of natives. A factor proportions approach. (IZA discussion paper 5451), Bonn, 43 S.

Abstract

"This paper evaluates the impact of immigration on the labor market outcomes of natives in France over the period 1962-1999. Combining large (up to 25%) extracts from six censuses and data from Labor Force Surveys, we exploit the variation in the immigrant share across education/experience cells and over time to identify the impact of immigration. In the Borjas (2003) specification, we find that a 10% increase in immigration increases native wages by 3%. However, as the number of immigrants and the number of natives are positively and strongly correlated across cells, the immigrant share may not be a good measure of the immigration shock. When the log of natives and the log of immigrants are used as regressors instead, the impact of immigration on natives' wages is still positive but much smaller, and natives' wages are negatively related to the number of natives. To understand this asymmetry and the positive impact of immigration on wages, we explore the link between immigration and the occupational distribution of natives within education/experience cells. Our results suggest that immigration leads to the reallocation of natives to better-paid occupations within education/experience cells." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Stoll, François, Marco Vannotti & Marc Schreiber (2011): Einstieg in die Berufswelt. Rahmenbedingungen und Voraussetzungen einer gelingenden Berufswahl. Eine empirische Studie. (Wissenschaftliche Reihe, Eidgenössische Jugendbefragungen 21), Glarus: Rüegger, 254 S.

Abstract

"Junge Menschen müssen sich ihren Zugang zur Arbeitswelt erarbeiten. Diese Entwicklungsaufgabe wird sehr unterschiedlich angegangen. Dies nicht zuletzt deshalb, weil sie sich in ihren Einstellungen und Wertvorstellungen, in ihren Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten sowie auch in ihren Präferenzen unterscheiden. Diese Vielfalt und der Aufbau einer u.a. auf das Berufsleben orientierten Persönlichkeit stehen im Zentrum der vorgestellten Untersuchung. Die entsprechende Erhebung wurde 2004 und 2005 durchgeführt. Die Hauptstichprobe besteht aus mehr als 40'000 jungen Schweizer Männern. Sie wurde durch drei schweizweit repräsentative Zufallsstichproben ergänzt: gleichaltrige Schweizer Frauen (1'660), Ausländer (130) und Ausländerinnen (165). Die grosse Mehrheit ist mit dem eingeschlagenen beruflichen Weg zufrieden und plant bereits weitere Schritte in der Arbeits- und Berufswelt. Die Erweiterung der beruflichen Kompetenzen wird von den jungen Erwachsenen mit Entwicklungsaufgaben in anderen Lebensbereichen (wie z.B. Familie, Freundeskreis, Freizeit) abgestimmt. Ein kleiner Teil der rund 20-jährigen jungen Erwachsenen ist noch nicht so weit, sei es, weil sie bisher nur wenig Kontakt zur Berufswelt hatten, oder sei es, weil sie noch nicht wissen, wohin ihre gegenwärtige Ausbildung sie führen soll. Bekanntlich bietet unsere Arbeitswelt sehr viele Optionen; daraus die richtige Wahl zu treffen, ist nicht immer einfach, denn jede Wahl kann sowohl als Gewinn wie auch als Verlust empfunden werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Abstract

"Understanding how and why individuals make career decisions can help improve the delivery of careers guidance. This report explores individuals' beliefs, values and motivations in making career decisions and proposes areas for further consideration as new approaches to delivering careers guidance are developed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bentolila, Samuel, Claudio Michelacci & Javier Suarez (2010): Social contacts and occupational choice. In: Economica, Jg. 77, H. 305, S. 20-45. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0335.2008.00717.x

Abstract

"Social contacts help to find jobs, but not necessarily in the occupations where workers are most productive. Hence social contacts can generate mismatch between workers' occupational choices and their productive advantage. Accordingly, social networks can lead to low labour force quality, low returns to firms' investment and depressed aggregate productivity. We analyse surveys from both the US and Europe including information on job finding through contacts. Consistent with our predictions, contacts reduce unemployment duration by 1 - 3 months on average, but they are associated with wage discounts of at least 2.5%. We also find some evidence of negative externalities on aggregate productivity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Buchinsky, Moshe & Phillip Leslie (2010): Educational attainment and the changing U.S wage structure: dynamic implications on young individuals' choices. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 28, H. 3, S. 541-594.

Abstract

"We present a dynamic model of individuals' educational investments that allows us to explore alternative modeling strategies for forecasting future wage distributions. The key innovation we propose is an approach to forecasting that relies only on the information that would be available at the actual time decisions are made and which incorporates the role of parameter uncertainty into the decision-making process. We compare the performance of our method with alternative models of forecasting behavior, based on CPS data over the period 1964 - 2004." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hunt, Jennifer (2010): Why do women leave science and engineering? (NBER working paper 15853), Cambridge, Mass., 43 S. DOI:10.3386/w15853

Abstract

"I use the 1993 and 2003 National Surveys of College Graduates to examine the higher exit rate of women compared to men from science and engineering relative to other fields. I find that the higher relative exit rate is driven by engineering rather than science, and show that 60% of the gap can be explained by the relatively greater exit rate from engineering of women dissatisfied with pay and promotion opportunities. Contrary to the existing literature, I find that family - related constraints and dissatisfaction with working conditions are only secondary factors. My results differ due to my use of non - science and engineering fields as a comparison group. The relative exit rate by gender from engineering does not differ from that of other fields once women's relatively high exit rates from male fields generally is taken into account." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Noack, Peter, Bärbel Kracke, Burkhard Gniewosz & Julia Dietrich (2010): Parental and school effects on students' occupational exploration: A longitudinal and multilevel analysis. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 77, H. 1, S. 50-57. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2010.02.006

Abstract

"The study examines school and parental influences on adolescents' occupational exploration. Analyses of data from 859 6th, 8th, and 10th graders attending high- and lower-track high schools in the German federal state of Thuringia suggested more extensive exploration among students closer to the school-to-work transition. Besides cross-sectional effects of parenting and achievement orientation at school, acceptance and openness students experienced in class predicted increases of their exploratory behaviors. Multilevel analyses showed, however, that school effects operated on the level of subjective perceptions (individual level), but not on the level of intersubjective reality (classroom level). Implications for attempts to foster and facilitate exploration are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))