Arbeitsbedingungen und Gesundheit von Beschäftigten
Der Zusammenhang von Arbeitsbedingungen bzw. Arbeitsbelastungen und der Gesundheit von Beschäftigten erhält durch die demografische Entwicklung in Deutschland neues Gewicht.
Wie muss Arbeit gestaltet sein, damit die Beschäftigten langfristig und gesund erwerbstätig sein können?
Dieses Themendossier dokumentiert die Ergebnisse empirischer Forschung der letzten Jahre.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitshetze und Arbeitsintensivierung bei digitaler Arbeit: So beurteilen die Beschäftigten ihre Arbeitsbedingungen: Ergebnisse einer Sonderauswertung der Repräsentativumfrage zum DGB-Index Gute Arbeit 2016 (2017)
Holler, Markus; Kulemann, Peter;Zitatform
Holler, Markus (2017): Arbeitshetze und Arbeitsintensivierung bei digitaler Arbeit: So beurteilen die Beschäftigten ihre Arbeitsbedingungen. Ergebnisse einer Sonderauswertung der Repräsentativumfrage zum DGB-Index Gute Arbeit 2016. Berlin, 11 S.
Abstract
"Wie häufig fühlen sich digital Arbeitende bei der Arbeit gehetzt oder stehen unter Zeitdruck? In welchem Zusammenhang stehen Digitalisierungsgrad und Störungen des Arbeitsflusses? Die Ergebnisse der Sonderauswertung zeigen, dass bislang nur wenige Beschäftigte von den möglichen Potentialen der Digitalisierung für eine bessere Arbeitsgestaltung profitieren. Die Mehrheit berichtet über eine zunehmende Arbeitsintensität." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Preoperative characteristics of working-age patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (2017)
Hylkema, Tjerk H.; Brouwer, Sandra; Rijk, Paul C.; Beveren, Jan Van; Bulstra, Sjoerd K.; Brouwer, Reinoud W.; Jonbergen, Hans Peter van; Stevens, Martin;Zitatform
Hylkema, Tjerk H., Martin Stevens, Jan Van Beveren, Paul C. Rijk, Hans Peter van Jonbergen, Reinoud W. Brouwer, Sjoerd K. Bulstra & Sandra Brouwer (2017): Preoperative characteristics of working-age patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. In: PLoS one, Jg. 12, H. 8, S. 1-14. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0183550
Abstract
"Objective: Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) is performed more in working-age (<65 years) patients. Until now, research in this patient population has been conducted mainly among retired (=65 years) patients. Aim of this study was therefore to describe demographic, physical, psychological and social characteristics of working TKA patients and to subsequently compare these characteristics with retired TKA patients and the general population.
Methods: A cross-sectional analysis. Preoperative data of 152 working TKA patients was used. These data were compared with existing data of retired TKA patients in hospital registers and with normative values from literature on the general population. Demographic, physical, psychological and social (including work) characteristics were analyzed.
Results: The majority (83.8%) of working TKA patients was overweight (42.6%) or obese (41.2%), a majority (72.4%) was dealing with two or more comorbidities, and most (90%) had few depressive symptoms. Mean physical activity level was 2950 minutes per week. Compared to the retired TKA population, working TKA patients perceived significantly more stiffness and better physical functioning and vitality, were more physically active, and perceived better mental health. Compared to the general population working TKA patients perceived worse physical functioning, worse physical health and better mental health, and worked fewer hours.
Conclusion: This study shows that a majority of working TKA patients are overweight/obese, have multiple comorbidities, but are highly active in light-intensity activities and have few depressive symptoms. Working patients scored overall better on preoperative characteristics than retired patients, and except for physical activity scored overall worse than the general population." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Crossover effect of spouse weekly working hours on estimated 10-years risk of cardiovascular disease (2017)
Zitatform
Kang, Mo-Yeol & Yun-Chul Hong (2017): Crossover effect of spouse weekly working hours on estimated 10-years risk of cardiovascular disease. In: PLoS one, Jg. 12, H. 8, S. 1-12. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0182010
Abstract
"Objectives: To investigate the association between spouse weekly working hours (SWWH) and the estimated 10-years risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on the data obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007 - 2012. Data of 16,917 participants (8,330 husbands, 8,587 wives) were used for this analysis. The participants' clinical data were collected to estimate the 10-years risk of CVD, as well as weekly working hours. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to investigate the association between SWWH and the estimated 10-years risk of CVD. We also performed a stratified analysis according to each participant's and their spouse's employment status.
Results: Compared to those whose spouses worked 30 hours per week, estimated 10-years risk of CVD was significantly higher as SWWH increase among those whose spouses worked >30 hours per week. After adjusting for covariates, the odds ratio for high CVD risk was found to increase as SWWH increased, up to 2.52 among husbands and 2.43 among wives. We also found that the association between SWWH and the estimated 10-years risk of CVD varied according to the employment status. Analysis of each component included in the CVD appraisal model showed that SWWH had close relationship with diabetes in men, and smoking habits in women.
Conclusions: Spouse's long working hours are associated with individual's risk of CVD in future, especially among husbands." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
The relationship between shift work and mental health among electronics workers in South Korea: a cross-sectional study (2017)
Zitatform
Kang, Mo-Yeol, Ho-Jang Kwon, Kyung-Hwa Choi, Chung-Won Kang & Hyunjoo Kim (2017): The relationship between shift work and mental health among electronics workers in South Korea. A cross-sectional study. In: PLoS one, Jg. 12, H. 11, S. 1-10. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0188019
Abstract
"Objective: To determine the relationship between shift work and mental health, particularly insomnia, depression, and suicidal ideation, among electronics production workers.
Methods: A survey was conducted with 14,226 workers from an electronics manufacturer in South Korea. After excluding 112 individuals with incomplete responses, 14,114 respondents were analyzed. As part of a larger project, we collected data on respondents' general characteristics, work-related characteristics, and health status; however, in this study, we focused on the data related to shift work and mental health. Insomnia, depression, and suicidal ideation were set as dependent variables and working schedule as set as the independent variable. We performed multiple logistic regression analysis with daytime workers as the reference group. The model was adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, workplace, educational level, and marital status with or without children under 6 years of age.
Results: Relative to daytime workers, shift workers had 2.35, 1.23, and 1.17 greater odds of insomnia, depression, and suicidal ideation, respectively. Within the shift worker group, we found that the odds of depression and suicidal ideation increased dramatically when respondents had insomnia. The ORs for depression and suicidal ideation were 4.899 and 7.934, respectively.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that shift work is related to an increased risk of mental health problems in production workers, and the sleep disturbance related with shift work is a central mechanism for this relationship. Since these results suggest that proactive management of sleep problems might attenuate their detrimental effects on shift worker's mental health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Job demands in a changing world of work: Impact on workers' health and performance and implications for research and practice (2017)
Korunka, Christian; Kubicek, Bettina;Zitatform
Korunka, Christian & Bettina Kubicek (Hrsg.) (2017): Job demands in a changing world of work. Impact on workers' health and performance and implications for research and practice. Cham: Springer London, 169 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-54678-0
Abstract
"This book examines the new ways of working and their impact on employees' well-being and performance that have resulted from a changed world of work. It concentrates on job demands and flexible work emanating from current economic and organizational change, and assesses impact on workers' health and performance. The development of issues such as globalization, rapid technological advances, new management practices, organizational changes and new job skills are addressed. This book gives an overview and discusses the potential negative and positive effects of such new job demands and new forms of work." (Publisher information, © Springer) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Time control, job execution and information access: work/family strategies in the context of low-wage work and 24/7 schedules (2017)
Zitatform
Lefrançois, Mélanie, Karen Messing & Johanne Saint-Charles (2017): Time control, job execution and information access. Work/family strategies in the context of low-wage work and 24/7 schedules. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 20, H. 5, S. 600-622. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2017.1379950
Abstract
"Low-wage work and rigid atypical schedules reduce workers' leeway to manage their work/family interface, resulting in high levels of work/family conflict and in health issues. Faced with these inflexible conditions and a lack of formal work/family measures, workers rely primarily on informal practices where relational dynamics with coworkers and managers play an important role. However, low-wage workers with little schedule control are underrepresented in the work/family literature and little is known about how they deal with work/family issues in their workplaces. What role is played by workplace relationships in strategies used by workers to manage their work/family interface in the face of imposed, extended and variable schedules? Using an interdisciplinary theoretical and methodological framework combining communication and ergonomic work activity analysis, we analyzed data collected through direct and participant observations, semi-structured interviews, interaction diaries and administrative documents. This community-initiated ethnographic case study helped us identify three main types of work/family strategies related to (1) work time; (2) work execution and (3) access to relational resources. We also discuss how these strategies are embedded in the work activity and relational context, including gender dynamics, and are entangled with individual, team and organizational considerations. Some potential solutions are presented." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Study on association of working hours and occupational physical activity with the occurrence of coronary heart disease in a Chinese population (2017)
Ma, Yao; Shi, Hao-Jie; Wang, Lian-Sheng ; Wang, Ying-Jun; Wang, Hao; Li, Ya-Fei; Khurwolah, Mohammad Reeaze; Xie, Zhi-Yong; Chen, Bing-Rui; Yang, Yang;Zitatform
Ma, Yao, Ying-Jun Wang, Bing-Rui Chen, Hao-Jie Shi, Hao Wang, Mohammad Reeaze Khurwolah, Ya-Fei Li, Zhi-Yong Xie, Yang Yang & Lian-Sheng Wang (2017): Study on association of working hours and occupational physical activity with the occurrence of coronary heart disease in a Chinese population. In: PLoS one, Jg. 12, H. 10, S. 1-14. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0185598
Abstract
"Objective: To explore the association of working hours and occupational physical activity (OPA) with the occurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in a Chinese population.
Methods: A total of 595 participants (354 and 241 patients with and without CHD, respectively) aged between 24 and 65 were enrolled in our study, which was conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between December 2015 and October 2016. Participant characteristics were collected from face-to-face questionnaires, and logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of working hours and OPA with the occurrence of CHD.
Results: Compared with non-employed people, long working hours (especially =55 hours/week) contributed to the occurrence of CHD (adjusted odds ratio[OR] = 2.213, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.125, 4.355, P = 0.021) after multivariate adjustment in the Chinese population. With the extension of worktime, the CHD risk increased (P for the dose-response trend = 0.022). Meanwhile, even after adjusting for engagement in physical activity during leisure time, sedentary behavior at work had an adverse effect on CHD risk (adjusted OR = 2.794, 95%CI: 1.526, 5.115, P = 0.001), and a linear relationship was also found between OPA and CHD (P for the trend = 0.005).
Conclusions: Long working hours and sedentary behavior at work are associated with a high risk of CHD. In addition, prolonged working hours in sedentary occupations increases the risk of CHD, independent of engagement in leisure time physical activity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Absenteeism as a reaction to harmful behavior in the workplace from a stress theory point of view (2017)
Martin, Albert; Matiaske, Wenzel;Zitatform
Martin, Albert & Wenzel Matiaske (2017): Absenteeism as a reaction to harmful behavior in the workplace from a stress theory point of view. In: Management Revue, Jg. 28, H. 2, S. 227-254. DOI:10.5771/0935-9915-2017-2-227
Abstract
"The paper gives an overview as to the extent of socially harmful behavior in the workplace. Data comes from European Survey on Working Conditions. We draw upon the information from the surveys which were carried out in 2000, 2005 and 2010 in the EU-15. Unfortunately, the findings show that the number of employees who suffer socially harmful behavior in their work environment is not low. Following the assumption that stressful working conditions increase the probability of harmful behavior it is shown that the reaction to harmful behavior depends on what resources are available to the person affected. Social support and satisfying working conditions prove to be effective buffers against hostile behavior. Nevertheless, behavioral buffers can only play a supporting role in detecting and removing the causes of hostile behavior. The paper adds new insights into the topic and in addition to an overview, we identify empirically significant determinants and conduct a stress theoretic analysis of different ways of reacting to socially aversive behavior." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Relationship between response to aripiprazole once-monthly and paliperidone palmitate on work readiness and functioning in schizophrenia: a post-hoc analysis of the QUALIFY study (2017)
Potkin, Steven G.; Schmidt, Simon Nitschky; Sapin, Christophe; Ettrup, Anders; Naber, Dieter; Hansen, Karina; Hertel, Peter; Eramo, Anna; Forray, Carlos; Nylander, Anna-Greta; Loze, Jean-Yves; Beillat, Maud; Baker, Ross A.; Peters-Strickland, Timothy;Zitatform
Potkin, Steven G., Jean-Yves Loze, Carlos Forray, Ross A. Baker, Christophe Sapin, Timothy Peters-Strickland, Maud Beillat, Anna-Greta Nylander, Peter Hertel, Simon Nitschky Schmidt, Anders Ettrup, Anna Eramo, Karina Hansen & Dieter Naber (2017): Relationship between response to aripiprazole once-monthly and paliperidone palmitate on work readiness and functioning in schizophrenia. A post-hoc analysis of the QUALIFY study. In: PLoS one, Jg. 12, H. 8, S. 1-12. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0183475
Abstract
"Schizophrenia is a chronic disease with negative impact on patients' employment status and quality of life. This post-hoc analysis uses data from the QUALIFY study to elucidate the relationship between work readiness and health-related quality of life and functioning. QUALIFY was a 28-week, randomized study (NCT01795547) comparing the treatment effectiveness of aripiprazole once-monthly 400 mg and paliperidone palmitate once-monthly using the Heinrichs-Carpenter Quality-of-Life Scale as the primary endpoint. Also, patients' capacity to work and work readiness (Yes/No) was assessed with the Work Readiness Questionnaire. We categorized patients, irrespective of treatment, by work readiness at baseline and week 28: No to Yes (n = 41), Yes to Yes (n = 49), or No at week 28 (n = 118). Quality-of-Life Scale total, domains, and item scores were assessed with a mixed model of repeated measures. Patients who shifted from No to Yes in work readiness showed robust improvements on Quality-of-Life Scale total scores, significantly greater than patients not ready to work at week 28 (least squares mean difference: 11.6±2.6, p<0.0001). Scores on Quality-of-Life Scale instrumental role domain and items therein - occupational role, work functioning, work levels, work satisfaction - significantly improved in patients shifting from No to Yes in work readiness (vs patients No at Week 28). Quality-of-Life Scale total scores also significantly predicted work readiness at week 28. Overall, these results highlight a strong association between improvements in health-related quality of life and work readiness, and suggest that increasing patients' capacity to work is an achievable and meaningful goal in the treatment of impaired functioning in schizophrenia." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Hier finden Sie eine korrigierte Fassung -
Literaturhinweis
Explaining Implementation through Varieties of Capitalism Theory: The Case of the Telework and Work-related Stress Agreements (2017)
Prosser, Thomas;Zitatform
Prosser, Thomas (2017): Explaining Implementation through Varieties of Capitalism Theory. The Case of the Telework and Work-related Stress Agreements. In: Journal of Common Market Studies, Jg. 55, H. 4, S. 889-908. DOI:10.1111/jcms.12514
Abstract
"Despite extensive literature on the implementation of European 'soft' law and Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) theory, no existing work has attempted to explain the implementation of soft law with reference to VoC. In this article, on the basis of a study of the implementation of the non-legally binding European Telework and Work-related Stress Agreements in four countries, we attempt to address this gap. Four hypotheses are developed, based on key tenets of VoC theory, which aim to explain divergent national implementation outcomes of the agreements. The predictive power of VoC emerges as mixed. Though a hypothesis concerning the propensity of Coordinated Market Economies (CMEs) to implement the agreements via collective agreements is confirmed, evidence for remaining hypotheses is more ambiguous. Implications for theories of soft law implementation and VoC theory are reflected upon in conclusion." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A qualitative study of the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of people exposed to diesel exhaust at the workplace in British Columbia, Canada (2017)
Zitatform
Pui, Mandy, Anne-Marie Nicol, Michael Brauer, Farshad Palad & Christopher Carlsten (2017): A qualitative study of the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of people exposed to diesel exhaust at the workplace in British Columbia, Canada. In: PLoS one, Jg. 12, H. 8, S. 1-21. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0182890
Abstract
"Purpose: To identify exposure-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of individuals occupationally exposed to diesel exhaust (DE); to reveal strengths, knowledge gaps and misperceptions therein.
Methods: A Mental Models approach was used to gather information about current scientific understanding of DE exposure hazards and the ways in which exposure can be reduced. Thirty individuals in British Columbia who were regularly exposed to occupational DE were interviewed. The audio was recorded and transcribed. Data was grouped together and examined to draw out themes around DE awareness, hazard assessment and risk reduction behaviors. These themes were then compared and contrasted with existing grey and research literature in order to reveal strengths, gaps and misperceptions regarding DE exposure.
Results: Study participants were aware and concerned about their exposure to DE but had incomplete and sometimes incorrect understanding of exposure pathways, health effects, and effective strategies to reduce their exposures. The perceived likelihood of exposure to DE was significantly greater compared to that of other work hazards (p<0.01), whereas the difference for their perceived severity of consequences was not significant. There was no universally perceived main source of information regarding DE, and participants generally distrusted sources of information based on their past experience with the source. Most of the actions that were taken to address DE exposure fell into the area of administrative controls such as being aware of sources of DE and avoiding these sources.
Conclusions: This study of the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of those occupationally exposed to DE found, most notably, that more education and training and the creation of a health effects inventory regarding DE exposure were desired." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
The study of mental health at work: design and sampling (2017)
Rose, Uwe ; Schiel, Stefan; Freude, Gabriele; Rauch, Angela ; Müller, Grit; Tophoven, Silke ; Schröder, Helmut; Kleudgen, Martin;Zitatform
Rose, Uwe, Stefan Schiel, Helmut Schröder, Martin Kleudgen, Silke Tophoven, Angela Rauch, Gabriele Freude & Grit Müller (2017): The study of mental health at work. Design and sampling. In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, Jg. 45, H. 6, S. 584-594., 2017-04-03. DOI:10.1177/1403494817707123
Abstract
"The Study on Mental Health at Work (S-MGA) generates the first nationwide representative survey enabling the exploration of the relationship between working conditions, mental health and functioning. This paper describes the study design, sampling procedures and data collection, and presents a summary of the sample characteristics. S-MGA is a representative study of German employees aged 31 - 60 years subject to social security contributions. The sample was drawn from the employment register based on a two-stage cluster sampling procedure. Firstly, 206 municipalities were randomly selected from a pool of 12,227 municipalities in Germany. Secondly, 13,590 addresses were drawn from the selected municipalities for the purpose of conducting 4500 face-to-face interviews. The questionnaire covers psychosocial working and employment conditions, measures of mental health, work ability and functioning. Data from personal interviews were combined with employment histories from register data. Descriptive statistics of socio-demographic characteristics and logistic regressions analyses were used for comparing population, gross sample and respondents. In total, 4511 face-to-face interviews were conducted. A test for sampling bias revealed that individuals in older cohorts participated more often, while individuals with an unknown educational level, residing in major cities or with a non-German ethnic background were slightly underrepresented. There is no indication of major deviations in characteristics between the basic population and the sample of respondents. Hence, S-MGA provides representative data for research on work and health, designed as a cohort study with plans to rerun the survey 5 years after the first assessment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout: a systematic review of prospective studies (2017)
Salvagioni, Denise Albieri Jodas ; Melanda, Francine Nesello; Maffei de Andrade, Selma; Gabani, Flávia Lopes; González, Alberto Durán; Eumann Mesas, Arthur;Zitatform
Salvagioni, Denise Albieri Jodas, Francine Nesello Melanda, Arthur Eumann Mesas, Alberto Durán González, Flávia Lopes Gabani & Selma Maffei de Andrade (2017): Physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout. A systematic review of prospective studies. In: PLoS one, Jg. 12, H. 10, S. 1-29. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0185781
Abstract
"Burnout is a syndrome that results from chronic stress at work, with several consequences to workers' well-being and health. This systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence of the physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout in prospective studies. The PubMed, Science Direct, PsycInfo, SciELO, LILACS and Web of Science databases were searched without language or date restrictions. The Transparent Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Prospective studies that analyzed burnout as the exposure condition were included. Among the 993 articles initially identified, 61 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and 36 were analyzed because they met three criteria that must be followed in prospective studies. Burnout was a significant predictor of the following physical consequences: hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, hospitalization due to cardiovascular disorder, musculoskeletal pain, changes in pain experiences, prolonged fatigue, headaches, gastrointestinal issues, respiratory problems, severe injuries and mortality below the age of 45 years. The psychological effects were insomnia, depressive symptoms, use of psychotropic and antidepressant medications, hospitalization for mental disorders and psychological ill-health symptoms. Job dissatisfaction, absenteeism, new disability pension, job demands, job resources and presenteeism were identified as professional outcomes. Conflicting findings were observed. In conclusion, several prospective and high-quality studies showed physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout. The individual and social impacts of burnout highlight the need for preventive interventions and early identification of this health condition in the work environment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Effectiveness of eHealth interventions for reducing mental health conditions in employees: a systematic review and metaanalysis (2017)
Stratton, Elizabeth ; Glozier, Nicholas; Choi, Isabella; Harvey, Samuel B.; Lampit, Amit; Calvo, Rafael A.;Zitatform
Stratton, Elizabeth, Amit Lampit, Isabella Choi, Rafael A. Calvo, Samuel B. Harvey & Nicholas Glozier (2017): Effectiveness of eHealth interventions for reducing mental health conditions in employees. A systematic review and metaanalysis. In: PLoS one, Jg. 12, H. 12, S. 1-23. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0189904
Abstract
"Background: Many organisations promote eHealth applications as a feasible, low-cost method of addressing mental ill-health and stress amongst their employees. However, there are good reasons why the efficacy identified in clinical or other samples may not generalize to employees, and many Apps are being developed specifically for this group. The aim of this paper is to conduct the first comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the evidence for the effectiveness and examine the relative efficacy of different types of eHealth interventions for employees.
Methods: Systematic searches were conducted for relevant articles published from 1975 until November 17, 2016, of trials of eHealth mental health interventions (App or web-based) focused on the mental health of employees. The quality and bias of all identified studies was assessed. We extracted means and standard deviations from published reports, comparing the difference in effect sizes (Hedge's g) in standardized mental health outcomes. We meta-analysed these using a random effects model, stratified by length of follow up, intervention type, and whether the intervention was universal (unselected) or targeted to selected groups e.g. 'stressed'.
Results: 23 controlled trials of eHealth interventions were identified which overall suggested a small positive effect at both post intervention and follow up. There were differential short term effects seen between the intervention types whereby Mindfulness based interventions showed larger effects than the Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) based and Stress Management based interventions. The Stress Management interventions however differed by whether delivered to universal or targeted groups with a moderately large effect size at both post-intervention and follow-up in targeted groups, but no effect in unselected groups.
Interpretation: There is reasonable evidence that eHealth interventions delivered to employees may reduce mental health and stress symptoms post intervention and still have a benefit, although reduced at follow-up. Despite the enthusiasm in the corporate world for such approaches, employers and other organisations should be aware not all such interventions are equal, many lack evidence, and achieving the best outcomes depends upon providing the right type of intervention to the correct population." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Psychisch belastende Arbeitssituationen und die Frage der "Normalität" (2017)
Voswinkel, Stephan;Zitatform
Voswinkel, Stephan (2017): Psychisch belastende Arbeitssituationen und die Frage der "Normalität". In: N. Alsdorf, U. Engelbach, S. Flick, R. Haubl & S. Voswinkel (2017): Psychische Erkrankungen in der Arbeitswelt, Bielefeld, Transcript S. 59-93. DOI:10.14361/9783839440308-004
Abstract
Im Rahmen einer qualitativen Fallstudie versucht der Autor, 'typische Beziehungen von Arbeitsbedingungen und psychischen Erkrankungen im Zusammenhang mit psychischen Dispositionen verstehbar zu machen’. Die Befunde über psychisch belastende Arbeitssituationen aus 23 Einzelfällen fasst er wie folgt zusammen: 'Grundlegend ist die Unterscheidung von zwei großen Gruppen solcher Arbeitssituationen. In der ersten gelingt es den Beschäftigten nicht, sich die Arbeit anzueignen, in der zweiten ist es ihnen erschwert, sich von der Arbeit abzugrenzen.’ So wird die Aneignung von Arbeit verhindert, wenn die Arbeit sinnlos ist, mit ihr moralische Konflikte verbunden sind, die Beschäftigten unterwertig beschäftigt oder übermäßiger Kontrolle ihrer Arbeit ausgesetzt sind. Die Abgrenzung von der Arbeit wird erschwert, wenn Arbeit im Kundenkontakt mit Konflikten und fehlender Unterstützung in der Organisation verbunden ist, wenn in der Arbeit eine Moral der Aufopferung nahegelegt wird oder sie mit einer Nähe zu Leiden und Tod einhergeht. Zusätzlich und verschärfend wirken sich Arbeitsüberlastungen und Ängste um den Arbeitsplatz aus. Die Betroffenen haben mit ihren Dispositionen einen Anteil an der Entstehung und Auswirkung der Belastung. Der Autor plädiert abschließend für einen Wandel des herrschenden 'Normalitäts’-Verständnisses, welches sich am Idealzustand orientiert hin zur Anerkennung von Defiziten als normal. (IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Leistung(sdruck), Arbeitssystem und Gesundheit: eine quantitativ empirische Auswertung der WSI-Betriebsrätebefragungen zu ergebnisorientierten Arbeitssystemen (2016)
Ahlers, Elke;Zitatform
Ahlers, Elke (2016): Leistung(sdruck), Arbeitssystem und Gesundheit. Eine quantitativ empirische Auswertung der WSI-Betriebsrätebefragungen zu ergebnisorientierten Arbeitssystemen. (Sozialpolitische Schriften 93), Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 272 S.
Abstract
"Im Zuge von Flexibilisierung und Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt gewinnen selbstorganisierte Formen der Arbeitsorganisation und der Leistungssteuerung weiter an Bedeutung (Zielvereinbarungen, Projektarbeit etc.). Bislang gibt es nur wenige Erkenntnisse darüber, wie diese sich auf die Arbeitsbedingungen der Beschäftigten und somit auch die Regulierungserfordernisse auswirken. Es stellt sich etwa die Frage, ob konventionelle Regulierungen und Möglichkeiten zum Schutz der Beschäftigten (Arbeitsschutzgesetz, betriebliche Interessenvertretung) den Gestaltungsanforderungen dieser ergebnisorientiert gesteuerten Arbeitssysteme gerecht werden.
Anhand einer breit angelegten Befragung in 1.700 deutschen Betrieben mit Betriebsratsvertretung werden hierzu Befunde vorgestellt. Es zeigt sich, dass Belegschaften in Betrieben mit ergebnisorientierten Arbeitsbedingungen tatsächlich höherem Arbeits- und Leistungsdruck ausgesetzt sind und die bestehenden Regularien kaum greifen, um den wachsenden Arbeitsdruck in den Betrieben eindämmen zu können. Damit ergeben sich neuartige Herausforderungen für die Gestaltung flexibler Arbeitswelten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku) -
Literaturhinweis
Fehlzeiten-Report 2016: Unternehmenskultur und Gesundheit - Herausforderungen und Chancen. Zahlen, Daten, Analysen aus allen Branchen der Wirtschaft (2016)
Badura, Bernhard; Schröder, Helmut; Ducki, Antje; Klose, Joachim; Meyer, Markus;Zitatform
Badura, Bernhard, Antje Ducki, Helmut Schröder, Joachim Klose & Markus Meyer (Hrsg.) (2016): Fehlzeiten-Report 2016. Unternehmenskultur und Gesundheit - Herausforderungen und Chancen. Zahlen, Daten, Analysen aus allen Branchen der Wirtschaft. (Fehlzeiten-Report), Berlin: Springer London, 512 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-662-49413-4
Abstract
"Der Fehlzeiten-Report, der jährlich als Buch erscheint, informiert umfassend über die Krankenstandsentwicklung in der deutschen Wirtschaft und beleuchtet dabei detailliert einzelne Branchen. Schwerpunkt des Fehlzeiten-Reports 2016 ist der Zusammenhang zwischen Unternehmenskultur und Gesundheit. Es werden Herausforderungen und Chancen von Unternehmenskultur für die Gesundheit und Leistungsfähigkeit der Mitarbeiter diskutiert und die verschiedenen Facetten von Unternehmenskultur aufgezeigt.
- Was ist Unternehmenskultur?
- Was macht eine gute Unternehmenskultur aus?
- Welchen Einfluss hat die Unternehmenskultur auf die Gesundheit der Beschäftigten?
- Welche Herausforderungen und Chancen ergeben sich in der Praxis?" (Verlagsangaben)Weiterführende Informationen
Zusammenfassung -
Literaturhinweis
Arbeitsbuch Burnout für Unternehmensberater, Führungskräfte und Betriebsräte: Praktische Hilfen für die Prävention und das Wiedereingliederungsmanagement auf der Basis der Würzburger Burnout-Studie (2016)
Braun, Ellen; Hillebrecht, Steffen;Zitatform
Braun, Ellen & Steffen Hillebrecht (2016): Arbeitsbuch Burnout für Unternehmensberater, Führungskräfte und Betriebsräte. Praktische Hilfen für die Prävention und das Wiedereingliederungsmanagement auf der Basis der Würzburger Burnout-Studie. München: Hampp, 112 S.
Abstract
"Überstunden, sinnentleerte Arbeit, Überforderung auf den verschiedensten Ebenen - über 10 % der Arbeitnehmer leiden unter zu hoher mentaler Beanspruchung und den entsprechenden Erkrankungen, oftmals in Form eines Burnouts. Langwierige Erkrankungen, 2,9 Mio. Stunden Arbeitsausfall und zahlreiche Frühpensionierungen sind die Folge, mit wirtschaftlichen Schäden im Bereich von ca. 8-10 Mrd. Euro jährlich.
Vor allem im Mittelstand zeigt sich noch ein starker Nachholbedarf sowohl bei der Prävention als auch bei der Wiedereingliederung Betroffener. Ihnen fehlt oftmals ein geeignetes Betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement. Die vorliegende Studie unter 22 Unternehmen des Mittelstands zeigt die konkrete Bedürfnislage und vielfältige Handlungsmöglichkeiten auf. Führungskräfte, Unternehmensberater und Betriebsräte bekommen damit eine Handlungshilfe für nachhaltige Risikoanalyse und -bewältigung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku) -
Literaturhinweis
Characteristics of shift work and their impact on employee performance and wellbeing: a literature review (2016)
Zitatform
Dall'Ora, Chiara, Jane Ball, Alejandra Recio-Saucedo & Peter Griffiths (2016): Characteristics of shift work and their impact on employee performance and wellbeing. A literature review. In: International journal of nursing studies, Jg. 57, H. May, S. 12-27. DOI:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.01.007
Abstract
"Objectives
To identify the characteristics of shift work that have an effect on employee's performance (including job performance, productivity, safety, quality of care delivered, errors, adverse events and client satisfaction) and wellbeing (including burnout, job satisfaction, absenteeism, intention to leave the job) in all sectors including healthcare. Design: A scoping review of the literature was undertaken. Data sources: We searched electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, SCOPUS) to identify primary quantitative studies.
Review methods
The search was conducted between January and March 2015. Studies were drawn from all occupational sectors (i.e. health and non health), meeting the inclusion criteria: involved participants aged >=18 who have been working shifts or serve as control group for others working shifts, exploring the association of characteristics of shift work with at least one of the selected outcomes. Reference lists from retrieved studies were checked to identify any further studies.
Results
35 studies were included in the review; 25 studies were performed in the health sector. A variety of shift work characteristics are associated with compromised employee's performance and wellbeing. Findings from large multicentre studies highlight that shifts of 12 h or longer are associated with jeopardised outcomes. Working more than 40 h per week is associated with adverse events, while no conclusive evidence was found regarding working a 'Compressed Working Week'; working overtime was associated with decreased job performance. Working rotating shifts was associated with worse job performance outcomes, whilst fixed night shifts appeared to enable resynchronisation. However, job satisfaction of employees working fixed nights was reduced. Timely breaks had a positive impact on employee fatigue and alertness, whilst quick returns between shifts appeared to increase pathologic fatigue. The effect of shift work characteristics on outcomes in the studies reviewed is consistent across occupational sectors.
Conclusions
This review highlighted the complexity that encompasses shift work, but many studies do not account for this complexity. While some consistent associations emerge (e.g. 12 h shifts and jeopardised outcomes), it is not always possible to conclude that results are not confounded by unmeasured factors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Stress at work: differential experiences of high versus low SES workers (2016)
Zitatform
Damaske, Sarah, Matthew J. Zawadzki & Joshua M. Smyth (2016): Stress at work. Differential experiences of high versus low SES workers. In: Social science & medicine, Jg. 156, H. May, S. 125-133. DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.03.010
Abstract
"This paper asks whether workers with higher socioeconomic status (SES) experience different levels of stress at work than workers with lower SES and, if so, what might explain these differences. We collected innovative assessments of immediate objective and subjective measures of stress at multiple time points across consecutive days from 122 employed men and women. We find that in comparison to higher SES individuals, those with lower SES reported greater happiness at work, less self-reported stress, and less perceived stress; cortisol, a biological marker of stress, was unrelated to SES. Worker's momentary perceptions of the workplace were predicted by SES, with higher SES individuals more commonly reporting feeling unable to meet work demands, fewer work resources, and less positive work appraisals. In turn, perceptions of the workplace had a generally consistent and robust effect on positive mood, subjective stress, and cortisol." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))