Berufliche Mobilität
Eine Tätigkeit, die mehr Spaß verspricht, ein höheres Gehalt oder bessere Entwicklungsperspektiven: Es gibt viele Gründe, nicht länger im erlernten oder ausgeübten Beruf tätig zu sein. Nicht immer sind sie jedoch so erfreulich: Auslöser kann auch eine Entlassung sein.
Dieses Themendossier bietet Literaturhinweise zur beruflichen Mobilitätsforschung in Deutschland und in anderen Ländern. Sie erschließt theoretische Ansätze und empirische Ergebnisse - beispielsweise zu den Fragen: Sind Berufswechsel lohnend? Für wen sind sie mit besonderen Risiken verbunden? Wie gut lassen sich bei einem beruflichen Neustart die bisher erworbenen Qualifikationen verwerten?
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Theoretische Konzepte und Methoden
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Berufliche Mobilität in Deutschland
- Institutionelle und sozioökonomische Determinanten beruflicher Mobilität
- Berufliche Mobilität bei Einzelberufen/Berufsgruppen/Fachrichtungen
- Berufliche Mobilität bei besonderen Personengruppen
- Berufliche Mobilität und Qualifikation
- Berufliche Mobilität und Einkommen
- Berufliche Mobilität und Auf-/Abstiegsprozesse
- Berufliche Mobilitätsverläufe
- Berufliche Mobilität in anderen Ländern
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Literaturhinweis
Frauenberufe, Männerberufe und die "Drehtür": Ausmaß und Implikationen für West- und Ostdeutschland (2015)
Busch-Heinzmann, Anne;Zitatform
Busch-Heinzmann, Anne (2015): Frauenberufe, Männerberufe und die "Drehtür". Ausmaß und Implikationen für West- und Ostdeutschland. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 68, H. 8, S. 571-582. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2015-8-571
Abstract
"Der Artikel befasst sich mit der Beobachtung der unterschiedlichen beruflichen Verortung von Frauen und Männern auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt. Zunächst werden aktuelle Zahlen zum Ausmaß dieser (horizontalen) beruflichen Geschlechtersegregation in Gesamtdeutschland sowie getrennt für West- und Ostdeutschland bereitgestellt. Hier wird auf die aktuelle Berufsklassifikation des Statistischen Bundesamtes, Version 2010, zurückgegriffen. Anschließend werden mögliche Implikationen der Segregation im Hinblick auf ihre bemerkenswerte zeitliche Persistenz diskutiert. Ausgangspunkt ist die Beobachtung einer im individuellen Erwerbsverlauf hohen Anzahl von Berufswechseln aus geschlechtsuntypischen in geschlechtstypische Berufe. Als Gründe für eine solche 'Drehtür' werden in der US-amerikanischen Forschung Mechanismen sozialer Kontrolle im Erwerbsleben angeführt. Unter Rückgriff auf institutionentheoretische und sozialpsychologische Ansätze der Genderforschung wird der entsprechende Forschungsstand zu diesen Mechanismen für Deutschland vorgestellt. Zudem werden Unterschiede zwischen West- und Ostdeutschland im Hinblick auf die 'Drehtür' dargelegt und diskutiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
How job changes affect people's lives: evidence from subjective well-being data (2015)
Zitatform
Chadi, Adrian & Clemens Hetschko (2015): How job changes affect people's lives. Evidence from subjective well-being data. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 747), Berlin, 27 S.
Abstract
"For representative German panel data, we document that voluntary job switching is associated with higher levels of life satisfaction, though only for some time, whereas forced job changes do not affect life satisfaction clearly. Using plant closures as an exogenous trigger of switching to a new employer, we find that job mobility turns out to be harmful for satisfaction with family life. By investigating people's lives beyond their workplaces, our study complements research on the well-being impact of labour mobility, suggesting some positive welfare effects of flexible labour markets, but also a previously undocumented potential for negative implications." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A darker side of hypermobility (2015)
Cohen, Scott A.; Gössling, Stefan;Zitatform
Cohen, Scott A. & Stefan Gössling (2015): A darker side of hypermobility. In: Environment and Planning. A, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Jg. 47, H. 8, S. 1661-1679. DOI:10.1177/0308518X15597124
Abstract
"Since the formulation of the mobilities paradigm, research has shown that movement is increasingly at the heart of our social identities. This paper argues that mobility, and indeed, hypermobility, constitutes to a growing extent who we are, whilst societal perspectives an mobility increasingly dictate how we need to move in time and space in order to accrue network capital. In this critical review, deeply embedded mechanisms of the social glamorization of mobility are uncovered, and juxtaposed with what we call a 'darker side' of hypermobility, including the physiological, psychological, emotional and social costs of mobility for individuals and societies. The paper concludes that whilst aspects of glamorization in regard to mobility are omnipresent in our lives, there exists an ominous silence with regard to its darker side." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Institutionelle Eigenschaften von Berufen und ihr Einfluss auf berufliche Mobilität in Deutschland (2015)
Zitatform
Damelang, Andreas, Florian Schulz & Basha Vicari (2015): Institutionelle Eigenschaften von Berufen und ihr Einfluss auf berufliche Mobilität in Deutschland. In: Schmollers Jahrbuch, Jg. 135, H. 3, S. 307-333., 2015-08-12. DOI:10.3790/schm.135.3.307
Abstract
"Das Ziel des Beitrages ist, berufliche Eigenschaften und Mechanismen zu identifizieren und deren Einfluss auf die berufliche Mobilität auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt empirisch zu überprüfen. Auf Basis der Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien des Instituts für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (SIAB) wird gezeigt, dass Akteure in Berufen mit einer standardisierten Berufsausbildung eine deutlich geringere Mobilitätsneigung und gleichzeitig eine längere Verweildauer in ihren Erstberufen haben. Berufliche Schließung und ein ausgeprägtes berufsspezifisches Humankapital reduzieren ebenfalls die Mobilitätsneigung der Akteure. Die Analysen deuten darauf hin, dass Berufe nach wie vor einen bedeutsamen Einfluss auf die Allokationsprozesse auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt haben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Intergenerational downward mobility in educational attainment and occupational careers in West Germany in the twentieth century (2015)
Zitatform
Diewald, Martin, Wiebke Schulz & Tina Baier (2015): Intergenerational downward mobility in educational attainment and occupational careers in West Germany in the twentieth century. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 31, H. 2, S. 172-183. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcv010
Abstract
"What happens in the occupational careers of men if the intergenerational continuity in status reproduction is disrupted by the failure to reproduce the parental level of educational attainment? We frame this failure as a risk for intergenerational status maintenance and ask whether such a risk induces extra effort by way of compensation. By studying eight birth cohorts born between 1919 and 1971 characterized by largely differing conditions with regard to educational and occupational opportunities, we examine how macro-social conditions contribute to opportunities to compensate for such failure later on. In examining this question, we add a new piece to the puzzle of how social origin and education contribute to status attainment and of how the social context shapes these linkages across historical time. We estimated multilevel growth curve models to assess the effect of educational downward mobility (EDM) on the development of occupational status over the career. Our empirical results show that the status of men who experience EDM increases faster over the course of their careers. Moreover, these men reach a slightly higher status as compared with their peers who had reached at least the same educational level as their fathers. The prevailing macro-societal conditions did not cause variation in the effect of EDM on men's career attainment." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Mobility across firms and occupations among graduates from apprenticeship (2015)
Zitatform
Fitzenberger, Bernd, Stefanie Licklederer & Hanna Zwiener (2015): Mobility across firms and occupations among graduates from apprenticeship. (ZEW discussion paper 2015-022), Mannheim, 16 S.
Abstract
"Distinguishing carefully between mobility across firms and across occupations, this study provides causal estimates of the wage effects of mobility among graduates from apprenticeship in Germany. Our instrumental variables approach exploits variation in regional labor market characteristics. Pure firm changes and occupation-and-job changes after graduation from apprenticeship result in average wage losses, whereas an occupation change within the training firm results in persistent wage gains. For the majority of cases a change of occupation involves a career progression. In contrast, for job switches the wage loss dominates." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mobility across firms and occupations among graduates from apprenticeship (2015)
Zitatform
Fitzenberger, Bernd, Stefanie Licklederer & Hanna Zwiener (2015): Mobility across firms and occupations among graduates from apprenticeship. In: Labour economics, Jg. 34, H. June, S. 138-151. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2015.03.008
Abstract
"Distinguishing carefully between mobility across firms and across occupations, this study provides causal estimates of the wage effects of mobility among graduates from apprenticeship in Germany. Our instrumental variables approach exploits variation in regional labor market characteristics. Pure firm changes and occupation-and-job changes after graduation from apprenticeship result in average wage losses, whereas an occupation change within the training firm results in persistent wage gains. For the majority of cases a change of occupation involves a career progression. In contrast, for job switches the wage loss of firm-specific human capital seems to dominates." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Breaking the 'class' ceiling? Social mobility into Britain's elite occupations (2015)
Zitatform
Friedman, Sam, Daniel Laurison & Andrew Miles (2015): Breaking the 'class' ceiling? Social mobility into Britain's elite occupations. In: The sociological review, Jg. 63, H. 2, S. 259-289. DOI:10.1111/1467-954X.12283
Abstract
"In this paper we use the unusually large sample size of the Great British Class Survey to compare rates of social mobility into different elite occupations. We find a distinction between 'traditional' professions, such as law, medicine and finance, which are dominated by the children of higher managers and professionals, and technical or emerging high-status occupations, particularly those related to IT, that appear to recruit more widely. Second, we find that even when the upwardly mobile are successful in entering elite occupations they invariably fail to accumulate the same economic, cultural and social capital as those from privileged backgrounds. While many such differences may be explained by inheritance, we also find that the mobile tend to have considerably lower incomes. Investigating this further we demonstrate that even when controlling for important variables such as schooling, education, location, age, and cultural and social capital, the upwardly mobile in eight occupations - located largely in the business sector - have considerably lower incomes than their higher-origin colleagues. These findings underline the value of analyses of mobility into specific high-status occupations as well as illustrating how, beyond entry, the mobile often face considerable disadvantage within occupations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The U-shapes of occupational mobility (2015)
Groes, Fane; Kircher, Philipp; Manovskii, Iourii;Zitatform
Groes, Fane, Philipp Kircher & Iourii Manovskii (2015): The U-shapes of occupational mobility. In: The Review of Economic Studies, Jg. 82, H. 2, S. S 659-692. DOI:10.1093/restud/rdu037
Abstract
"Using administrative panel data on the entire Danish population we document a new set of facts characterizing occupational mobility. For most occupations, mobility is U-shaped and directional: not only low but also high wage earners within an occupation have a particularly large probability of leaving their occupation, and the low (high) earners tend to switch to new occupations with lower (higher) average wages. Exceptions to this pattern of two-sided selection are occupations with steeply rising (declining) productivity, where mainly the lower (higher) paid workers within this occupation tend to leave. The facts conflict with several existing theories that are used to account for endogeneity in occupational choice, but it is shown analytically that the patterns are explained consistently within a theory of vertical sorting under absolute advantage that includes learning about workers' abilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ende der Aufstiegsgesellschaft? (2015)
Groh-Samberg, Olaf; Hertel, Florian R.;Zitatform
Groh-Samberg, Olaf & Florian R. Hertel (2015): Ende der Aufstiegsgesellschaft? In: Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, Jg. 65, H. 10, S. 25-32.
Abstract
"Die Chance auf sozialen Aufstieg ist ein Grundpfeiler der sozialen Ordnung in kapitalistischen Marktgesellschaften. Die Hoffnung auf sozialen Aufstieg entfesselte über Jahrhunderte hinweg - und tut dies in weiten Teilen der Welt noch heute - ungeheure Energien, die zu immensen Arbeitsleistungen, zu Disziplin, Verzicht und Leidensfähigkeit im Dienste einer besseren Zukunft anspornten. Gleichzeitig gilt die Möglichkeit sozialer Aufstiege als zentrales Kriterium für Leistungsgerechtigkeit und die Offenheit einer Gesellschaft. Gerade mit den Veränderungen hin zu einer aktivierenden und investiven Sozialpolitik ist die Chancengerechtigkeit, die sich auf die Ermöglichung sozialer Mobilität richtet, ins Zentrum gerückt. Untersuchungen zur Chancengleichheit etwa im Bildungssystem oder im Hinblick auf intergenerationale soziale Mobilität bescheinigen jedoch der deutschen Gesellschaft eine geringe Chancengleichheit." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Understanding the decline in self-employment among individuals nearing retirement (2015)
Heim, Bradley T.;Zitatform
Heim, Bradley T. (2015): Understanding the decline in self-employment among individuals nearing retirement. In: Small business economics, Jg. 45, H. 3, S. 561-580. DOI:10.1007/s11187-015-9660-2
Abstract
"This paper examines the sources of the decline in self-employment among near-retirees over 1994 - 2012. Using Current Population Survey data, tabulations imply that the decline was driven by an increase in the exit rate to wage and salary employment, a decline in the rate of self-employment among new entrants into this age cohort, and an increase in the share of these new entrants. Multinomial logits suggest that health insurance coverage and after-tax prices of health insurance were significantly associated with these three rates. However, counterfactual simulations suggest that only the changes in after-tax prices of health insurance were found to appreciably influence the trends in these rates, though in the opposite direction of the actual declining trend for the rate of self-employment of new entrants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The great escape: Intergenerational mobility since 1940 (2015)
Hilger, Nathaniel G.;Zitatform
Hilger, Nathaniel G. (2015): The great escape: Intergenerational mobility since 1940. (NBER working paper 21217), Cambrige, Mass., 67 S. DOI:10.3386/w21217
Abstract
"Tax records indicate that intergenerational mobility (IM) has been stable for cohorts entering the labor market since the 1990s. I show that when using educational attainment as a proxy for adult income, stable IM is a new phenomenon: IM rose significantly for cohorts entering the labor market from 1940 to 1980. I measure IM directly in historical Census data for children still living with their parents at ages 22-25, and indirectly for other children using an imputation procedure that I validate in multiple data sets with parent-child links spanning the full 1940-2000 period. Post-war mobility gains were larger in the South and for blacks, and were driven by gains in high school rather than college enrollment. Controlling for region and year, states with higher IM have had lower income inequality, higher income levels, more educational inputs, higher minimum dropout ages, and lower teen birth rates. IM gains plausibly increased aggregate annual earnings growth by 0.125-0.25 percentage points over the 1940-1980 period." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A summary of what we know about social mobility (2015)
Hout, Michael;Zitatform
Hout, Michael (2015): A summary of what we know about social mobility. In: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Jg. 657, H. 1, S. 27-36. DOI:10.1177/0002716214547174
Abstract
"Academic research on social mobility from the 1960s until now has made several facts clear. First, and most important, it is better to ask how the conditions and circumstances of early life constrain adult success than to ask who is moving up and who is not. The focus on origins keeps the substantive issues of opportunity and fairness in focus, while the mobility question leads to confusing side issues. Second, mobility is intrinsically symmetrical; each upward move is offset by a downward move in the absence of growth, expansion, or immigration. Third, social origins are not a single dimension of inequality that can be paired with the outcome of interest (without significant excluded variable bias); they are a comprehensive set of conditions describing the circumstances of youth. Fourth, the constraints of social origins vary by time, place, and subpopulation. These four 'knowns' should inform any attempt to collect new data on mobility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Early career occupational mobility of Turkish and Moroccan second generation migrants in Flanders, Belgium (2015)
Laurijssena, Ilse; Glorieuxa, Ignace;Zitatform
Laurijssena, Ilse & Ignace Glorieuxa (2015): Early career occupational mobility of Turkish and Moroccan second generation migrants in Flanders, Belgium. In: Journal of Youth Studies, Jg. 18, H. 1, S. 101-117. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2014.933194
Abstract
"This article analyses the early career occupational mobility of people from a Turkish or Moroccan descent in Flanders (Belgium). Previous research showed that second generation migrants are less successful than natives when entering the labour market. We compare the progress in socio-economic status (SES) that youngsters of native and non-native descent make from their first to later jobs at the start of their career. Both second-generation immigrants and native majority young adults experience upward occupational mobility during this crucial phase of their occupational career. The gap between native and ethnic minority youth, however, does not narrow over the course of the years. The first job offers less SES for non-natives compared to that of natives, and the minority-native gap in occupational attainment remains constant afterwards. The future career is largely determined by the characteristics of the start of the occupational career, and educational attainment even before. Promising, however, might be the finding that a first job with a relative low occupational status does offer better opportunities for Turkish and Moroccan second-generation migrants than for native majority youth to do some catching up later on. In combination with a long-term negative impact of initial unemployment, ethnic minority youth perhaps are best off with starting to work as soon as possible after school leaving." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wage risk and the value of job mobility in early employment careers (2015)
Liu, Kai;Zitatform
Liu, Kai (2015): Wage risk and the value of job mobility in early employment careers. (IZA discussion paper 9256), Bonn, 47 S.
Abstract
"This paper shows that job mobility is a valuable channel which employed workers use to mitigate bad labor market shocks. I construct and estimate a model of wage dynamics jointly with a dynamic model of job mobility. The key feature of the model is the specification of wage shocks at the worker- firm match level, for workers can respond to these shocks by changing jobs. The model is estimated using a sample of young male workers from the 1996 panel of Survey of Income and Program Participation. The first result is that the variance of match-level shocks is large, and the consequent value of job mobility is substantial. The second result is that true wage risk is almost three times as large as the wage variance observed after job mobility, which is what other papers in the literature have called wage risk. This suggests a very different picture of the risks facing employed workers in the labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Berufssektoren und Berufssegmente auf Grundlage der KldB 2010 (2015)
Matthes, Britta; Neuhauser, Petra; Meinken, Holger;Zitatform
Matthes, Britta, Holger Meinken & Petra Neuhauser (2015): Berufssektoren und Berufssegmente auf Grundlage der KldB 2010. (Methodenbericht der Statistik der BA), Nürnberg, 19 S.
Abstract
"Weil bei der Entwicklung der Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 (KldB 2010) u. a. das Ziel verfolgt wurde, einen durchgängig numerischen, maximal fünfstelligen Klassifikations-Schlüssel zu konzipieren, stand für die oberste Gliederungsebene, die 'Berufsbereiche' (1-Steller der KldB 2010), nur eine Stelle zur Verfügung. Bei den - der KldB 2010 zugrunde liegenden - empirischen Homogenitätsanalysen der Berufe war jedoch festgestellt worden, dass zehn Berufsbereiche nicht ausreichen, um die tatsächliche berufsfachliche Segmentierung des Arbeitsmarktes in Deutschland abzubilden. Vielmehr sind die Berufsbereiche geschaffen worden, um einen guten thematischen Überblick und eine nutzerfreundliche Handhabung der Berufsklassifikation gewährleisten zu können. Dafür wurden die 'Berufshauptgruppen' (2-Steller der KldB 2010) nach inhaltlichen Gesichtspunkten anhand berufsfachlicher Kriterien qualitativ zusammengefasst. Jedoch weisen die Berufsbereiche - im Gegensatz zu den anderen Gliederungsebenen - kein einheitliches bzw. vergleichbares Homogenitätsniveau auf. Deshalb ist die Nutzung der Berufsbereiche unter analytischen Aspekten nicht zu empfehlen. In der statistischen Berichterstattung und auch in wissenschaftlichen Analysen stellen die Berufsbereiche keine ausreichende berufsfachliche Gliederung des deutschen Arbeitsmarktes dar.
Die Berufshauptgruppen wurden dagegen anhand ihrer Berufsfachlichkeit, d. h. der Übereinstimmung der Fähigkeiten, Fertigkeiten und Kenntnisse zwischen zwei Berufen, festgelegt. Sie sind damit in der Lage, intern homogene, berufsfachliche Teilarbeitsmärkte abzugrenzen, und eignen sich demnach ganz besonders als analytisches Abgrenzungsmerkmal, beispielsweise für berufliche Mobilitätsanalysen. Allerdings ist die Gliederung in 37 Berufshauptgruppen vor allem in der statistischen Berichterstattung, häufig aber auch bei empirischen Analysen zu feingliedrig.
Vor diesem Hintergrund war eine ergänzende Zusammenfassung der Berufshauptgruppen nach berufsfachlichen Kriterien notwendig, die einerseits eine ausreichend tiefe berufsfachliche Differenzierung gewährleistet, andererseits aber auch nicht zu viele Gliederungseinheiten umfasst. Dementsprechend hat die Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit in Zusammenarbeit mit der Forschungsgruppe 'Berufliche Arbeitsmärkte' des Instituts für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB) zwei zusätzliche berufliche Gliederungseinheiten auf Grundlage der Berufshauptgruppen der KldB 2010 entwickelt. Die fünf 'Berufssektoren' und vierzehn 'Berufssegmente' wurden entsprechend ihrer berufsfachlichen Homogenität gebildet. In diesem Methodenbericht wird dokumentiert, wie und nach welchen Überlegungen diese Zusammenfassungen erfolgt sind. Damit können berufsfachliche Teilarbeitsmärkte auf einem höheren Aggregationsniveau abgegrenzt werden als es mit den bestehenden Gliederungen der KldB 2010 möglich ist." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Matthes, Britta; -
Literaturhinweis
Determinants of declining wage mobility in the new economy (2015)
Maume, David J.; Wilson, George;Zitatform
Maume, David J. & George Wilson (2015): Determinants of declining wage mobility in the new economy. In: Work and occupations, Jg. 42, H. 1, S. 35-72. DOI:10.1177/0730888414552707
Abstract
"This study draws from the 1979 and 1997 National Longitudinal Survey to compare patterns of wage mobility among the late boomer and millennial cohorts of young men. Estimating group-based trajectory models, the authors find that fewer men enjoyed rapid wage growth and more men fell into the steady and stagnant wage-trajectory groups. Furthermore, employment patterns in the new economy (e.g., changing employers, more part-time employment, and employment in low-end service occupations) increasingly determine the mobility rates of millennials compared with boomers and are stronger predictors of mobility chances in the millennial cohort than are family background and cognitive skills." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Using occupation to measure intergenerational mobility (2015)
Mazumder, Bhashkar; Acosta, Miguel;Zitatform
Mazumder, Bhashkar & Miguel Acosta (2015): Using occupation to measure intergenerational mobility. In: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Jg. 657, H. 1, S. 174-193. DOI:10.1177/0002716214552056
Abstract
"Scholarly investigations of intergenerational mobility typically focus on either the occupations of fathers and sons or their incomes. Using an identical sample of fathers and sons, we examine how estimates of intergenerational mobility in income and occupational prestige are affected by (1) measurement that uses long time averages and (2) varying the point in the life cycle when outcomes are measured. We find that intergenerational occupational mobility is overstated when using a single year of fathers' occupation compared to a 10-year average centered on mid-career. We also find that for both income and occupation, mobility estimates are largest when sons are in their mid-career, suggesting that this may be the ideal period in which to measure their status. Finally, we see differences in the pattern of estimates across the two types of measures: for income, estimates of intergenerational persistence are highest when fathers are in their mid-career; for occupation, estimates are much larger when fathers' occupations are accounted for late in their careers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Estimating occupational mobility with covariates (2015)
Zitatform
Modalsli, Jørgen (2015): Estimating occupational mobility with covariates. In: Economics letters, Jg. 133, H. August, S. 77-80. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2015.05.017
Abstract
"The Altham statistic is often used to calculate intergenerational associations in occupations in studies of historical social mobility. This paper presents a method to incorporate individual covariates into such estimates of social mobility, and to construct corresponding confidence intervals. The method is applied to an intergenerational sample of Norwegian data, showing that estimates of intergenerational mobility are robust to the inclusion of controls for father's and son's age." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How specific is apprenticeship training? Evidence from inter-firm and occupational mobility after graduation (2015)
Mueller, Barbara; Schweri, Jürg;Zitatform
Mueller, Barbara & Jürg Schweri (2015): How specific is apprenticeship training? Evidence from inter-firm and occupational mobility after graduation. In: Oxford economic papers, Jg. 67, H. 4, S. 1057-1077. DOI:10.1093/oep/gpv040
Abstract
"Do apprenticeships convey mainly general or also firm- and occupation-specific human capital? Specific human capital may allow for specialization gains, but may also lead to allocative inefficiency due to mobility barriers. We analyse the case of Switzerland, which combines a comprehensive, high-quality apprenticeship system with a lightly regulated labour market. To assess human capital transferability after standardized firm-based apprenticeship training, we analyse inter-firm and occupational mobility and their effects on post-training wages. Using a longitudinal data set based on the PISA 2000 survey, we find high inter-firm and low occupational mobility within one year after graduation. Accounting for endogenous changes, we find a negative effect of occupation changes on wages, but no significant wage effect for firm changes. This indicates that occupation-specific human capital is an important component of apprenticeship training and that skills are highly transferable within an occupational field." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
MINT - Regionale Herausforderungen und Chancen der Zuwanderung (2015)
Plünnecke, Axel;Zitatform
Plünnecke, Axel (2015): MINT - Regionale Herausforderungen und Chancen der Zuwanderung. In: Wirtschaft und Beruf, Jg. 67, H. 2/3, S. 87-91.
Abstract
"Zuwanderung hat in den letzten Jahren in erheblichem Maße zur MINT-Fachkräftesicherung beigetragen, vor allem in den akademischen MINT-Berufen. Von der Zuwanderung der letzten Jahre profitieren am stärksten die süddeutschen Regionen. Die Potenziale der aktuellen Flüchtlingsmigration für die MINT-Fachkräftesicherung sind hingegen begrenzt und ersetzen keine qualifizierte Zuwanderung." (Autorenreferat, BIBB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational and regional mobility as substitutes: a new approach to understanding job changes and wage inequality (2015)
Zitatform
Reichelt, Malte & Martin Abraham (2015): Occupational and regional mobility as substitutes. A new approach to understanding job changes and wage inequality. (IAB-Discussion Paper 14/2015), Nürnberg, 27 S.
Abstract
"Arbeitsplatzmobilität bietet Arbeitnehmern die Möglichkeit höhere Löhne zu erzielen, doch die Höhe der Lohnzuwächse variiert erheblich. Wir argumentieren, dass Teile dieser Ungleichheit aus einem Trade-Off zwischen beruflicher und regionaler Mobilität resultieren. Beide Mobilitätsarten stellen alternative Strategien dar, um die Arbeitsmarktposition zu verbessern. Sie sind aber an spezifische Restriktionen gebunden. Hohe Kosten für regionale Mobilität können deshalb zu beruflicher Mobilität führen, auch wenn die Abschreibung von beruflichem Humankapital niedrigere Lohnanstiege hervorruft. Wir greifen auf verknüpfte retrospektive Lebensverlaufsdaten für Deutschland zurück (ALWA-ADIAB) und benutzen Competing-Risk Regressionen um zu zeigen, dass Restriktionen für eine Mobilitätsart dazu führen, dass Individuen eher die andere Mobilitätsform wählen. Mithilfe von Fixed-Effects-Regressionen zeigen wir, dass berufliche Mobilität - verglichen mit regionaler Mobilität - zu niedrigeren Lohnanstiegen führt. Aus den Ergebnissen schlussfolgern wir, dass der Trade-Off zwischen beruflicher und regionaler Mobilität Teile der ungleichen Lohnerträge durch Arbeitsplatzmobilität erklärt und zur Lohnungleichheit beiträgt. Wir erwarten, dass diese Mechanismen zukünftig weiter an Relevanz gewinnen, da technologischer und institutioneller Wandel berufliche Anforderungen verändert und somit Mobilitätsanreize setzt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The anatomy of job polarisation in the UK (2015)
Salvatori, Andrea;Zitatform
Salvatori, Andrea (2015): The anatomy of job polarisation in the UK. (IZA discussion paper 9193), Bonn, 53 S.
Abstract
"This paper presents new evidence on the evolution of job polarisation over time and across skill groups in the UK between 1979 and 2012. The UK has experienced job polarisation in each of the last three decades, with growth in top jobs always exceeding that in bottom ones. Overall, top occupations have gained over 80% of the employment shares lost by middling occupations. The decline of middling occupations is entirely accounted for by non-graduates who have seen their relative numbers decrease and the distribution of their employment shift towards the bottom of the occupational skill distribution. The increase at the top is entirely accounted for by compositional changes, as a result of the increase in the number of graduates since the 1990s. Employment has not polarised for graduates, but has become less concentrated in top occupations, especially in the 2000s. The paper also documents that job polarisation has not been matched by wage polarisation across the occupational distribution in any decade and discusses how these new findings relate to the existing evidence for the US and to the prevailing technology-based explanation for job polarisation. Overall, the importance of occupational changes between skill groups and the performance of occupational wages over time cast doubts on the role of technology as the main driver of polarisation in the UK. In particular, the evidence suggests that supply-side changes are likely to be important factors in explaining why high-skill occupations continued to grow in the 2000s even as they stalled in the US." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
What do we know so far about multigenerational mobility? (2015)
Solon, Gary;Zitatform
Solon, Gary (2015): What do we know so far about multigenerational mobility? (NBER working paper 21053), Cambrige, Mass., 23 S. DOI:10.3386/w21053
Abstract
"'Multigenerational mobility' refers to the associations in socioeconomic status across three or more generations. This article begins by summarizing the longstanding but recently growing empirical literature on multigenerational mobility. It then discusses multiple theoretical interpretations of the empirical patterns, including the one recently proposed in Gregory Clark's book The Son Also Rises." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Soziale Mobilität in Deutschland revisited (2015)
Stawarz, Nico;Zitatform
Stawarz, Nico (2015): Soziale Mobilität in Deutschland revisited. In: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, Jg. 67, H. 2, S. 269-291. DOI:10.1007/s11577-015-0308-7
Abstract
"Auf Basis der Daten der German Life History Study und der National Educational Panel Study wird in diesem Beitrag die Entwicklung der intragenerationalen sozialen Mobilität der Berufseinstiegskohorten 1932 bis 1989 in Westdeutschland untersucht. Als Analysemethode werden Wachstumskurvenmodelle verwendet. Die empirischen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein Anstieg des sozialen Prestiges zu Karrierebeginn entlang der untersuchten Kohorten zu verzeichnen ist. Die Kohorten 1932 - 1969 unterscheiden sich nicht hinsichtlich der Entwicklung der sozialen Position über die Berufskarriere. Aufgrund sich verändernder Opportunitätsstrukturen ist für jüngere Berufseinstiegskohorten (1970 - 1989) ein geringerer Anstieg des Prestiges im Karriereverlauf festzustellen. Zudem kann anhand der Analysen ein Anstieg der Heterogenität der Karriereverläufe für die Kohorten aufgezeigt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Employment transitions and labor market exits: age and gender in the Israeli labor market (2015)
Zitatform
Stier, Haya & Miri Endeweld (2015): Employment transitions and labor market exits. Age and gender in the Israeli labor market. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 41, H. September, S. 93-103. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2015.01.002
Abstract
"This study focuses on the employment difficulties of older workers in the Israeli labor market. Using administrative panel data for the years 2005 - 2010, it traces the employment transitions of workers and their consequences, focusing on age and gender differences. The findings show that in Israel older workers, men and women alike, are indeed less likely to leave their jobs. However, once out of the labor force, they face difficulties in finding new employment. These difficulties are severer for women than for men. Male workers who experience high instability experience job losses, with no substantial age differences. The wage penalties for women are much lower, probably because of their limited opportunities in terms of earnings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mobilitätsdynamiken und Wissensarbeit: zum Wandel berufsbedingter zirkulärer Mobilität (2015)
Strambach, Simone; Kohl, Hendrik;Zitatform
Strambach, Simone & Hendrik Kohl (2015): Mobilitätsdynamiken und Wissensarbeit. Zum Wandel berufsbedingter zirkulärer Mobilität. In: Raumforschung und Raumordnung, Jg. 73, H. 4, S. 257-268. DOI:10.1007/s13147-015-0355-6
Abstract
"In der jüngeren Mobilitätsforschung wird festgestellt, dass mobile und komplexere Arbeits- und Lebensformen an Bedeutung gewinnen. Diese sind eng verbunden mit dem sozioökonomischen Strukturwandel zur Wissensökonomie und mit Veränderungen in der Organisation von Erwerbsarbeit. Vereinzelte empirische Erkenntnisse deuten darauf hin, dass 'Wissensarbeitende' mobiler sind als andere Erwerbstätige. Die genauen Zusammenhänge zwischen wissensintensiven Tätigkeiten und berufsbedingter - insbesondere sogenannter zirkulärer - Mobilität sind aber bislang kaum systematisch beleuchtet worden. Durch die Zusammenführung der interdisziplinären Mobilitätsforschung und der räumlichen Innovations- und Wissensforschung können hier Synergiepotenziale genutzt werden, die es ermöglichen, die fluide raum-zeitliche Bindung von Wissensarbeit und ihre komplexen Implikationen für die berufsbedingte zirkuläre Mobilität differenzierter zu analysieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Einstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt für junge Beschäftigte: Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und der Fraktion DIE LINKE (Drucksache 18/5313) (2015)
Zitatform
Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales (2015): Einstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt für junge Beschäftigte. Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und der Fraktion DIE LINKE (Drucksache 18/5313). (Verhandlungen des Deutschen Bundestages. Drucksachen), 94 S.
Abstract
"Die OECD (OECD - Organisation für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung) hat aktuell ihren Skills Outlook 2015 veröffentlicht. Der Anteil von befristeten Arbeitsverhältnissen bei jungen Beschäftigten liegt in Deutschland mit knapp 50 Prozent bei der Gruppe der 15- bis 24-Jährigen so hoch wie in kaum einem anderen der untersuchten Länder.
Dazu schreibt SPIEGEL ONLINE mit Bezug auf den OECD-Bericht: 'Befristete Jobs können zwar sinnvoll sein, indem sie jungen Menschen den Einstieg ins Berufsleben erleichtern. Oft sind sie aber auch mit gravierenden Nachteilen verbunden, wie die OECD ausführt: In vielen Fällen können befristet Beschäftigte ihre Fähigkeiten nicht voll in die Arbeit einbringen. Wer einen Zeitvertrag hat, hat auch geringere Chancen, an einer Weiterbildung teilzunehmen. Im schlimmsten Fall können durch die Befristungen daher Kompetenzen verkümmern, warnt die Organisation.'
Vor diesem Hintergrund ist eine genauere Beleuchtung der Arbeitsmarktsituation für junge Beschäftigte notwendig, und es stellt sich die Frage, welche Konsequenzen die Bundesregierung daraus zieht.
Falls zu den genannten Altersgruppen keine Daten vorliegen, wird gebeten, die vorhandenen Daten zu ähnlichen oder vergleichbaren Altersgruppen anzugeben." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku) -
Literaturhinweis
Neue und alte soziale Ungleichheiten: inter- und intragenerationale Mobilitätsprozesse von Männern in Deutschland (2014)
Zitatform
Blossfeld, Pia Nicoletta (2014): Neue und alte soziale Ungleichheiten. Inter- und intragenerationale Mobilitätsprozesse von Männern in Deutschland. Opladen: Budrich UniPress, 223 S.
Abstract
"Welche Faktoren bestimmen die soziale Mobilität in Deutschland? Anhand aktueller Längsschnittdaten aus dem Nationalen Bildungs-Panel zeigt die Autorin auf, dass nach wie vor soziale Herkunft und Bildung entscheidend für den sozialen Status sind und Ungleichheitsstrukturen - wenn auch zum Teil in neuem Gewand - seit Jahren Bestand haben.
Die Untersuchung konzentriert sich auf die Mobilitätsprozesse von Männern, da deren Lebensverläufe bereits ausreichend komplexe Untersuchungsgegenstände sind und ihre berufliche Position und ihr Status auch heute noch zum Großteil die Lebensbedingungen ihrer Familien definieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)Weiterführende Informationen
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Literaturhinweis
Offshoring potential and employment dynamics (2014)
Boockmann, Bernhard;Zitatform
Boockmann, Bernhard (2014): Offshoring potential and employment dynamics. (IAW-Diskussionspapiere 111), Tübingen, 36 S.
Abstract
"This study addresses the impact of offshorability (a job characteristic indicating how easily a job can be offshored) on employment changes and worker mobility in Germany. A composite measure of offshorability for German data is used which broadens existing measurements such as Blinder (2009). Contrary to what the literature suggests, there is no evidence that net employment creation is higher in non-offshorable occupations. Furthermore, both hiring and job separation rates decline with offshorability. Results from a discrete-time hazard rate model confirm that the risk of exit from a job is smaller in more offshorable jobs; most of this is due to lower job-to-job mobility. The exception is for low-skilled workers, whose probability of leaving employment to other labour market states is higher if their jobs are more offshorable." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Erneuerung beruflicher Lern- und Karrierewege am Beispiel der Industriekaufleute (2014)
Bromberg, Tabea; Kümmerling, Angelika; Haipeter, Thomas;Zitatform
Bromberg, Tabea, Thomas Haipeter & Angelika Kümmerling (2014): Die Erneuerung beruflicher Lern- und Karrierewege am Beispiel der Industriekaufleute. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 67, H. 1, S. 25-33. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2014-1-25
Abstract
"In den letzten Jahren haben sich die organisatorischen und inhaltlichen Rahmenbedingungen der Arbeit kaufmännischer Angestellter in Industrieunternehmen grundlegend verändert. Am Beispiel der Industriekaufleute untersuchen wir, welche Folgen diese Entwicklungen für die berufliche Fachlichkeit und Entwicklungschancen dieser Berufsgruppe haben. Dabei betrachten wir drei Dimensionen: den Stellenwert der dualen Ausbildung, den Wandel der Lernformen und der Kompetenzentwicklung sowie die internen Karrierepfade in den Unternehmen. Anhand quantitativer und qualitativer Untersuchungen weisen wir nach, dass von einem Bedeutungsverlust der dualen Ausbildung bislang keine Rede sein kann. In der betrieblichen Weiterbildung gewinnen - nicht zuletzt aus Kostengründen - unternehmensinterne, informelle und arbeits- bzw. geschäftsprozessnahe Formen der Qualifizierung an Bedeutung. Die berufliche Ausbildung ist noch immer ein zentraler Pfeiler für den Karriereaufstieg, allerdings erweitert um akademische Qualifizierung und vor dem Hintergrund sinkender Karrierechancen in flacheren Hierarchien." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
How to woo the smart ones?: evaluating the determinants that particularly attract highly qualified people to cities (2014)
Zitatform
Buch, Tanja, Silke Hamann, Annekatrin Niebuhr & Anja Rossen (2014): How to woo the smart ones? Evaluating the determinants that particularly attract highly qualified people to cities. (HWWI research paper 159), Hamburg, 37 S.
Abstract
"Human capital is a driving factor of innovation and economic growth. Economic prospects of cities depend on high qualified workers' knowledge and therefore, attracting highly qualified workers plays a fundamental role for cities' prospects. This study contributes to the question which factors primarily determine the mobility-decision of highly qualified workers by investigating the determinants of the migration balance of German cities between 2000 and 2010. Furthermore, it compares the effects of several labour- and amenity-related variables on migration rates of highly qualified workers and the remaining workforce. Findings suggest that local labour market conditions influence the mobility decision but amenities matter too for the high-skilled. The preferences of the highly qualified workers partly differ from those of the rest of the workforce. However, there are also several factors that do not show systematic differences across skill groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Longitudinal transactions between personality and occupational roles: a large and heterogeneous study of job beginners, stayers, and changers (2014)
Denissen, Jaap J. A.; Gerstorf, Denis; Ulferts, Hannah; Muck, Peter M.; Lüdtke, Oliver;Zitatform
Denissen, Jaap J. A., Hannah Ulferts, Oliver Lüdtke, Peter M. Muck & Denis Gerstorf (2014): Longitudinal transactions between personality and occupational roles. A large and heterogeneous study of job beginners, stayers, and changers. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 657), Berlin, 39 S. DOI:10.1037/a0036994
Abstract
"Social norms are central to theoretical accounts of longitudinal person-environment transactions. On the one hand, individuals are thought to select themselves into social roles that fit their personality. On the other hand, it is assumed that individuals' personality is transformed by the socializing pressure of norm demands. These two transactional directions were investigated in a large and heterogeneous 5-year longitudinal subsample of job beginners (n = 640, M age = 21.24), job stayers (n = 4,137, M age = 46.63), and job changers (n= 2,854, M age = 44.68) from the German Socio-Economic Panel. Role demands were coded by both students and labor market experts. To demonstrate transactional effects, cross-lagged structural equation models were estimated. Substantial selection effects were found for both job beginners and job changers. There was also evidence for socialization effects, especially for participants who did not change jobs. Depending on the trait and the subsample that was investigated, selection effects were sometimes corresponsive with socialization effects. Personality role demands were temporally consistent across a four-year period even when individuals changed jobs (heterotypic continuity). This is one of the first empirical demonstrations of the transactional processes that lead to the formation of social niches." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour market mobility patterns during the 2008 crisis: inequalities in a comparative perspective (2014)
Zitatform
Erhel, Christine, Mathilde Guergoat-Larivière & Danièle Trancart (2014): Labour market mobility patterns during the 2008 crisis. Inequalities in a comparative perspective. (Centre d'Etudes de l'Emploi. Document de travail 169), Noisy-le-Grand, 34 S.
Abstract
"Using EU-SILC panel data from years 2008 to 2010, this paper builds typologies of labour market sequences over the three years, using a clustering analysis algorithm. The results confirm the importance of individual characteristics (age, gender, education level) in observed labour market mobility patterns. Low-educated youth tend to be disadvantaged across the EU over the two years considered. Gender differences are mainly related to the importance of inactivity. Cross-country differences appear important in terms of medium term labour market trajectories, especially for youth. In particular, the heterogeneity across countries is the highest for low-educated youth. These differences are influenced by the labour market context, but also by the role of education system since sequences including studies are quite frequent." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labor market intermediaries make the world smaller (2014)
Gianelle, Carlo;Zitatform
Gianelle, Carlo (2014): Labor market intermediaries make the world smaller. In: Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Jg. 24, H. 5, S. 951-981. DOI:10.1007/s00191-014-0373-5
Abstract
"This paper uses network analysis to study how employment intermediaries have influenced inter-firm worker mobility in a region of Italy, in response to a 1997 reform that introduced temporary employment agencies. Worker reallocations from a matched employer-employee dataset are mapped onto a directed graph where the vertices are firms and the links denote transfers of workers between firms. Temporary employment agencies significantly improve network integration and practicability, while rapidly increasing the control over mobility channels. The trade off inherent in intermediation activity is captured and discussed. The potential of network analysis as a tool for monitoring regional labor markets is highlighted." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A quarter of a century of job transitions in Germany (2014)
Kattenbach, Ralph ; Mayrhofer, Wolfgang; Loacker, Bernadette; Lücke, Janine; Schramm, Florian; Latzke, Markus; Schneidhofer, Thomas M.;Zitatform
Kattenbach, Ralph, Thomas M. Schneidhofer, Janine Lücke, Markus Latzke, Bernadette Loacker, Florian Schramm & Wolfgang Mayrhofer (2014): A quarter of a century of job transitions in Germany. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 84, H. 1, S. 49-58. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2013.11.001
Abstract
"By examining trends in intra-organizational and inter-organizational job transition probabilities among professional and managerial employees in Germany, we test the applicability of mainstream career theory to a specific context and challenge its implied change assumption. Drawing on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), we apply linear probability models to show the influence of time, economic cycle and age on the probability of job transitions between 1984 and 2010. Results indicate a slight negative trend in the frequency of job transitions during the analyzed time span, owing to a pronounced decrease in intra-organizational transitions, which is only partly offset by a comparatively weaker positive trend towards increased inter-organizational transitions. The latter is strongly influenced by fluctuations in the economic cycle. Finally, the probability of job transitions keeps declining steadily through the course of one's working life. In contrast to inter-organizational transitions, however, this age effect for intra-organizational transitions has decreased over time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Should I stay or should I go?: an investigation of graduate regional mobility in the UK and its impact upon early career earnings (2014)
Kidd, Michael; O'Leary, Nigel; Sloane, Peter;Zitatform
Kidd, Michael, Nigel O'Leary & Peter Sloane (2014): Should I stay or should I go?: an investigation of graduate regional mobility in the UK and its impact upon early career earnings. (IZA discussion paper 8325), Bonn, 31 S.
Abstract
"This paper uses HESA data from the Destination of Leavers from Higher Education survey 2003/04 to examine whether more mobile students in terms of choice of institution and location of employment earn more than those who are less mobile. The clear finding is that mobility is associated with superior earnings outcomes, but principally through mobility as it relates to students extending their horizon of job search. A bivariate probit analysis also confirms that there is a positive relationship between regional mobility both in the choice of attending university and the choice of where to take up employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Stay or leave?: race, education, and changing returns to the external labor market strategy, 1976 - 2009 (2014)
Zitatform
Kronberg, Anne-Kathrin (2014): Stay or leave? Race, education, and changing returns to the external labor market strategy, 1976 - 2009. In: Work and occupations, Jg. 41, H. 3, S. 305-349. DOI:10.1177/0730888414535218
Abstract
"Since the 1970s, firm-internal opportunities for advancement have waned, and more employees have switched employers to build their career. The author compares the effect of staying and leaving one's employer and how each career avenue reproduces or alleviates race-based earnings inequality. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics 1976 - 2009, the author finds that racial differences among women are unaffected by external mobility. Among men, the effect of switching depends on education: Since the 1970s, the Black - White gap first widened and then narrowed among male high school graduates. In contrast, the race gap first narrowed and then widened among male college graduates." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
From mother to daughter: changes in intergenerational educational and occupational mobility in Germany (2014)
Zitatform
Minello, Alessandra & Hans-Peter Blossfeld (2014): From mother to daughter: changes in intergenerational educational and occupational mobility in Germany. In: International studies in sociology of education, Jg. 24, H. 1, S. 65-84. DOI:10.1080/09620214.2014.895139
Abstract
"Recent decades have seen a dramatic expansion in the educational attainment and occupational opportunities of German women. Both the educational and occupational positions of the mothers and those of their daughters are continuously changing across cohorts. Our study aims to detect the probability of daughters to experience maternal-line intergenerational educational and occupational mobility. Using new data from the National Educational Panel Study of adult cohorts, we analyse successive cohorts of German women born between 1944 and 1984. We demonstrate that the relation between mothers' and daughters' educational and occupational career has changed over time. Maternal-line female mobility has decreased over cohorts. Our results also reveal that the relationship between educational careers and female job mobility has changed. The tertiary level of education has become more relevant across cohorts in preventing downward intergenerational mobility and it has become a prerequisite for taking part in the completion for upward intergenerational mobility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Exploring the relationship between educational field and transition to parenthood: an analysis of women and men in western Germany (2014)
Oppermann, Anja;Zitatform
Oppermann, Anja (2014): Exploring the relationship between educational field and transition to parenthood. An analysis of women and men in western Germany. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 30, H. 6, S. 728-749. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcu070
Abstract
"The extensive existing research on the relationship between educational attainment and fertility behaviour has been expanded by adding the new dimension of the specific field of education This article addresses the question of how the educational field influences the transition to parenthood of women and men in western Germany. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) (1984 - 2010), discrete-time event history models are applied, looking at the time after graduation up until the first child is born. The results show that educational fields only affect the transition to parenthood for women and not for men. However, the findings also point at the importance of the educational level for the probability of men becoming fathers. High transition rates are found among women educated in both female-dominated and male-dominated fields while low rates are found among women educated in public sector fields. Further analysis implies that the relationship between women's educational field and their transition to parenthood is also affected by an underlying set of person-specific preferences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A new look at intergenerational mobility in Germany compared to the US (2014)
Zitatform
Schnitzlein, Daniel D. (2014): A new look at intergenerational mobility in Germany compared to the US. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 689), Berlin, 35 S.
Abstract
"Motivated by contradictory evidence on intergenerational mobility in Germany, I present a cross-country comparison of Germany and the US, reassessing the question of whether intergenerational mobility is higher in Germany than the US. I can reproduce the standard result from the literature, which states that the German intergenerational elasticity estimates are lower than those for the US. However, based on highly comparable data, even a reasonable degree of variation in the sampling rules leads to similar estimates in both countries. I find no evidence for nonlinearities along the fathers' earnings distribution. In contrast, the analysis shows that mobility is higher for the sons at the lowest quartile of the sons' earnings distribution in both countries. In Germany this result is mainly driven by a high downward mobility of sons with fathers in the upper middle part of the earnings distribution. The corresponding pattern is clearly less pronounced in the US." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupations and the evolution of gender differences in intergenerational socioeconomic mobility (2014)
Schwenkenberg, Julia M.;Zitatform
Schwenkenberg, Julia M. (2014): Occupations and the evolution of gender differences in intergenerational socioeconomic mobility. In: Economics letters, Jg. 124, H. 3, S. 348-352. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2014.06.017
Abstract
"This paper analyzes intergenerational mobility experiences of daughters and sons with respect to their fathers' occupational status and documents changes in gender differences over time. While women have been in occupations with lower overall earnings potential, men are more likely to be in occupations characterized by long hours and low returns. The mobility gap in earnings has been closing and a mobility advantage with respect to education has been emerging." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job matching across occupational labour markets (2014)
Zitatform
Stops, Michael (2014): Job matching across occupational labour markets. In: Oxford economic papers, Jg. 66, H. 4, S. 940-958., 2014-05-19. DOI:10.1093/oep/gpu018
Abstract
"The article refers to job matching processes in occupational labour markets in terms of jobs that share extensive commonalities in their required qualifications and tasks. To date, all studies in this field have been based on the assumption that matching processes only transpire within distinct occupational labour markets and that no occupational changes occur. I present theoretical and empirical arguments that undermine the validity of this assumption. I construct an 'occupational topology' based on information about the ways occupational groups may be seen as alternatives in searches for jobs or workers. I then use different empirical models that consider cross-sectional dependency to test the hypothesis that job search and matching occur across occupational labour markets. The results support my hypothesis. The findings suggest that an augmented empirical model should be used that considers job and worker searches across occupational labour markets in estimating job matching elasticities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Career progression, economic downturns, and skills (2013)
Zitatform
Adda, Jerome, Christian Dustmann, Costas Meghir & Jean-Marc Robin (2013): Career progression, economic downturns, and skills. (NBER working paper 18832), Cambridge, Mass., 61 S. DOI:10.3386/w18832
Abstract
"This paper analyzes the career progression of skilled and unskilled workers, with a focus on how careers are affected by economic downturns and whether formal skills, acquired early on, can shield workers from the effect of recessions. Using detailed administrative data for Germany for numerous birth cohorts across different regions, we follow workers from labor market entry onwards and estimate a dynamic life-cycle model of vocational training choice, labor supply, and wage progression. Most particularly, our model allows for labor market frictions that vary by skill group and over the business cycle. We find that sources of wage growth differ: learning-by-doing is an important component for unskilled workers early on in their careers, while job mobility is important for workers who acquire skills in an apprenticeship scheme before labor market entry. Likewise, economic downturns affect skill groups through very different channels: unskilled workers lose out from a decline in productivity and human capital, whereas skilled individuals suffer mainly from a lack of mobility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Better workers move to better firms: a simple test to identify sorting (2013)
Zitatform
Bartolucci, Cristian & Francesco Devicienti (2013): Better workers move to better firms. A simple test to identify sorting. (Carlo Alberto notebooks 332), Turin, 51 S.
Abstract
"We propose a simple test that uses information on workers' mobility, wages and firms' profits to identify the sign and strength of assortative matching. The basic intuition underlying our empirical strategy is that, in the presence of positive (negative) assortative matching, good workers are more (less) likely to move to better firms than bad workers. Assuming that agents' payoffs are increasing in their own types, our test exploits within-firm variation on wages to rank workers by their types and firm profits to rank firms. We use a panel data set that combines social security earnings records for workers in the Veneto region of Italy with detailed balance-sheet data for firms. We find robust evidence that positive assortative matching is pervasive in the labor market. This result is in contrast with what we find from correlating the worker and firm fixed effects in standard Mincerian wage equations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational change and status mobility: the detrimental effects of unemployment and the loss of occupation specific human capital (2013)
Zitatform
Bethmann, Arne (2013): Occupational change and status mobility. The detrimental effects of unemployment and the loss of occupation specific human capital. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 46, H. 4, S. 307-319., 2013-09-06. DOI:10.1007/s12651-013-0147-9
Abstract
"Der Einfluss von Wechseln des Berufsfeldes auf den sozioökonomischen Status nach Ende der Arbeitslosigkeit wurde in der Literatur bisher wenig berücksichtigt. Wegen des möglichen Verlustes von berufsspezifischem Humankapital wird vermutet, dass dieser Effekt negativ ist. Dies erscheint besonders wahrscheinlich, wenn das betroffene Individuum über spezifisches Humankapital in Form von Berufsbildung verfügt. Mit Hilfe des Panels 'Arbeitsmarkt und Soziale Sicherung' (PASS) wurden die Berufswechsel von arbeitslosen Individuen beim Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt untersucht. Im Vergleich mit Berufswechseln aus Erwerbstätigkeit haben Wechsel in der Arbeitslosengruppe einen stärkeren, negativen Effekt auf die Differenz im sozioökonomischen Status zwischen dem letzten und dem aktuellen Job. Der International Socio-Economic Index (ISEI) wurde dabei als Statusmaß verwendet. Für Arbeitslose ohne berufliche Bildung wurden keine signifikanten Effekte gefunden, wohingegen solche mit Berufsbildung deutliche Statusverluste hinnehmen mussten. Zusammenfassend scheint sich der Verlust von berufsspezifischem Humankapital durch den Wechsel des Berufes negativ auf die sozioökonomische Situation von arbeitslosen Personen nach der Wiederbeschäftigung auszuwirken. Dies sollte berücksichtigt werden, wenn im Rahmen von arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen ein erhöhter Druck auf die Arbeitslosen ausgeübt wird ihren Beruf zu wechseln, um schneller wieder in Arbeit zu kommen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Income inequality, equality of opportunity, and intergenerational mobility (2013)
Corak, Miles;Zitatform
Corak, Miles (2013): Income inequality, equality of opportunity, and intergenerational mobility. (IZA discussion paper 7520), Bonn, 28 S.
Abstract
"Families, labor markets, and public policies all structure a child's opportunities and determine the extent to which adult earnings are related to family background. Cross-country comparisons and the underlying trends suggest that these drivers will most likely lower the degree of intergenerational earnings mobility for the next generation of Americans coming of age in a more polarized labor market, while the substantial rise in the income shares of the top 1 percent, their access to sources of high-quality human capital investment for their children, and the intergenerational transmission of employers and wealth will imply a much higher rate of transmission of economic advantage at the very top." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen in: The Journal of Economic Perspectives, -
Literaturhinweis
Lohnt sich ein Auslandsaufenthalt während des Studiums?: Ergebnisse der Evaluierung eines Förderprogrammes (2013)
Euler, Hanns Peter; Reber, Gerhard; Glaser, Evelyne; Rami, Ursula; Bacher, Johann;Zitatform
Euler, Hanns Peter, Ursula Rami, Evelyne Glaser, Gerhard Reber & Johann Bacher (2013): Lohnt sich ein Auslandsaufenthalt während des Studiums? Ergebnisse der Evaluierung eines Förderprogrammes. In: Die Betriebswirtschaft, Jg. 73, H. 5, S. 425-447.
Abstract
"Der Nachweis der Wirkungen von geförderten studienbezogenen Auslandsaufenthalten hinsichtlich der angestrebten Ziele blieb international bisher aus. Am Beispiel des Kepler-Internationalisierungsprogrammes wurden zwei repräsentative Samples von Absolventen mit und ohne Auslandsaufenthalte (jeweils mit ca. n = 500) miteinander verglichen. Programmexterne Einflüsse konnten methodisch so gut wie ausgeschlossen werden. Das Ergebnis zeigt eindeutige Vorteile durch Auslandsaufenthalte sowohl hinsichtlich des Erwerbes von überfachlichen Kompetenzen als auch im späteren Berufsweg der Absolventen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Trends in sector switching: evidence from employer-employee data (2013)
Zitatform
Frederiksen, Anders & Jesper Rosenberg Hansen (2013): Trends in sector switching. Evidence from employer-employee data. (University Aarhus. Economics working paper 2013-11), Aarhus, 34 S.
Abstract
"Sector switching is new to the public administration literature and our knowledge about the prevalence and trends is limited. Yet, sector switching is an important phenomenon which casts light on public-private differences. We study sector switching in a modern economy using unique Danish register-based employer-employee data covering more than 25 years. We find that sector switching constitutes 18.5 percent of all job-to-job mobility and the trend is increasing both in general, for administrative professionals, for top managers and, in particular, for middle managers. These findings are robust to controlling for general trends in labour market mobility, unemployment and economic growth." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Repeated job quits: stepping stones or learning about quality? (2013)
Gielen, Anne C.;Zitatform
Gielen, Anne C. (2013): Repeated job quits. Stepping stones or learning about quality? In: IZA journal of European Labor Studies, Jg. 2, S. 1-22. DOI:10.1186/2193-9012-2-7
Abstract
"Increasing labor mobility is high on the political agenda because of its supposedly positive effects on labor market functioning. However, little attention has been paid to information imperfections, and to what extent they limit potential efficiency gains of labor mobility. When the quality of a new job offer is known ex ante, job quits serve as a stepping stone to better jobs. Yet, if job quality is only observed ex post, job quits may lead to worse matches. This paper argues that actual job quit behavior is characterized by a mixture of both, and investigates the relative empirical content of both extremes in quit decisions. A variance decomposition shows that for nearly 70% of job quits job quality was observed ex-ante; the remaining 30% was learned ex post. Hence, stimulating job mobility mostly improves labor market outcomes, though governments may aim to further reduce information imperfections in order to maximize the efficacy of labor policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
- Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Theoretische Konzepte und Methoden
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Berufliche Mobilität in Deutschland
- Institutionelle und sozioökonomische Determinanten beruflicher Mobilität
- Berufliche Mobilität bei Einzelberufen/Berufsgruppen/Fachrichtungen
- Berufliche Mobilität bei besonderen Personengruppen
- Berufliche Mobilität und Qualifikation
- Berufliche Mobilität und Einkommen
- Berufliche Mobilität und Auf-/Abstiegsprozesse
- Berufliche Mobilitätsverläufe
- Berufliche Mobilität in anderen Ländern