Zitatform

Hetschko, Clemens, Julia Schmidtke, Michael Eid, Mario Lawes, Ronnie Schöb & Gesine Stephan (2020): The German job search panel. (OSF preprints), 2020-04-23. DOI:10.31219/osf.io/7jazr

Abstract

"This report introduces the German Job Search Panel, a longitudinal survey that follows people who register as job seeking over the course of up to two years. The focus of the survey is on job seekers’ well-being and health. An innovative survey app is used to allow for frequent measurement every month and for conducting the experience sampling method. The collected data may be linked to administrative records of the Federal Employment Agency, provided that people give their consent. A subsample of surveyed job seekers took part in hair sampling to measure their cortisol levels. In this report, we describe the sampling procedure, adjustments over the recruitment period and the collected data. We moreover examine selective participation in the panel. It turns out that high-skilled workers, young individuals and women were more likely to sign up. Age increases the probability to take part in the hair sampling. People working in East Germany were more likely to consent to the linkage of survey data and administrative records." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Hollederer, Alfons (2020): Arbeitslosigkeit und Gesundheit als politikfeldübergreifende Herausforderung. In: Public-Health-Forum, Jg. 28, H. 3, S. 198-201. DOI:10.1515/pubhef-2020-0037

Abstract

"In Folge der Corona-Pandemie droht eine weltweite Rezession mit steigender Arbeitslosigkeit. Der Bedarf an Gesundheitsförderung für Arbeitslose leitet sich aufgrund der Wechselbeziehungen von Arbeitslosigkeit und Gesundheit ab. Darauf zielt der Interventionsansatz von JOBS Program, das erstmalig in Deutschland etabliert wird. In der Kooperation von Gesundheitsförderung und Arbeitsförderung liegt eine Handlungsstrategie, um diese gesamtgesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen besser zu bewältigen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Krug, Gerhard & Sebastian Prechsl (2020): The role of social integration in the adverse effect of unemployment on mental health. Testing the causal pathway and buffering hypotheses using panel data. In: Social science research, Jg. 86, 2019-10-31. DOI:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.102379

Abstract

"Social integration is considered crucially important for understanding the adverse effect of unemployment on mental health. Social integration is assumed to either bring about the health effects of unemployment (causal pathway hypothesis) or shield the unemployed from such effects (buffering hypothesis). However, there is scarce empirical evidence, especially based on panel data, regarding these two hypotheses. In our analysis, we use up to ten waves of the 'Labour Market and Social Security' (PASS) German panel study and apply fixed effects panel regressions to account for unobserved confounders. We test several indicators that cover different aspects of social integration (numbers of strong and weak ties, conflict in the household, employed friends, general and job search-specific social support). We find no empirical support for the causal pathway hypothesis and only very limited support for the buffering hypothesis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Nørup, Iben (2020): Social marginalization and chronic illness. A critical analysis of the role of labour-market exclusion. In: Acta sociologica, Jg. 63, H. 2, S. 173-190. DOI:10.1177/0001699318821429

Abstract

"Since the 1990s, most European countries have implemented activation policies targeting the unemployed. During the past decade, the target group for activation policies expanded and currently also includes persons with limitations in their ability to work due to long-term or chronic illness and disabilities. The argument underlying these policies is that labour-market exclusion is the main cause for social marginalization because participation in paid work provides important social and psychological functions that cannot be found elsewhere. Based on an extensive set of quantitative data that combines register data and survey data, and using structural equation modelling, this paper analyses the relationship between chronic illness and social marginalization, and in particular which role labour-market exclusion plays in this relationship. Is labour-market exclusion a crucial factor in explaining why individuals with chronic illnesses face a higher risk of social marginalization if factors such as income and education are also taken into account? From the statistical results, the paper states that individuals with chronic illnesses face a far higher risk of social marginalization, but that this risk is caused by their health limitations and not by their lack of labour-market participation. Contrary to the policies' logic and the theoretical argument of psycho-social theories originating from the deprivation perspective, no direct, indirect or mediating effects of labour-market exclusion on social marginalization were identified." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Oschmiansky, Frank & Sandra Popp (2020): Psychische Probleme von Menschen im SGB II: Was Fachkräfte im Jobcenter tun, um diese zu erkennen. In: IAB-Forum H. 14.09.2020 Nürnberg, o. Sz.

Abstract

"Den Fachkräften in den Jobcentern fällt es oft schwer, psychische Erkrankungen ihrer Kundinnen und Kunden zu erkennen und ihre Beratung entsprechend anzupassen – zumal bislang entsprechende Handlungsleitfäden fehlen. Dies erweist sich insbesondere dann als Problem, wenn es den Betroffenen an Einsicht in ihre Krankheit mangelt. Dennoch gibt es einige Ansätze, um möglichen psychischen Problemen besser auf den Grund zu gehen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Bellwinkel, Michael, Karin Schreiner-Kürten & Kathrin Melzer (2019): Verzahnung von Arbeits- und Gesundheitsförderung im Setting. Ergebnisse des Modellprojekts von Bundesagentur für Arbeit und GKV-Spitzenverband. In: Das Gesundheitswesen, Jg. 81, H. 1, S. 43-49. DOI:10.1055/s-0036-1597244

Abstract

"Ziel
Die Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) und die Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung (GKV) haben die Verzahnung von Arbeits- und Gesundheitsförderung erprobt, um durch ein gemeinsames Vorgehen Erwerbslose mit Präventionsangeboten zu erreichen und ihre Beschäftigungsfähigkeit zu erhalten bzw. zu verbessern.
Methodik
Die Erwerbslosen wurden in motivierenden Gesundheitsgesprächen für ihre Gesundheit sensibilisiert und auf freiwilliger Basis zu Gesundheitsförderungsangeboten der Krankenkassen vermittelt. Erprobt wurden im Rahmen des Settingansatzes Kommune 3 Ansprache-Varianten, bei denen die Beratung durch die Integrationsfachkräfte der Jobcenter, beauftragte Bildungsträger oder die BA-eigenen Fachdienste erfolgte. Dreh- und Angelpunkt waren die Steuerungsgruppen an den 6 Modellstandorten aus Vertretern des Jobcenters und der Krankenkassen sowie weiteren kommunalen Akteuren.
Ergebnisse
Die 3 Ansprachevarianten sowie die durchgeführten Angebote waren durchweg erfolgreich: Die Erwerbslosen nahmen das Beratungsangebot der Jobcenter an; die spezifisch auf Erwerbslose ausgerichteten Präventionsangebote der Krankenkassen haben deutliche Erfolge vor allem bei der Stressreduktion und damit auch beim Erhalt der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit gezeigt.
Schlussfolgerung
Durch die Aufnahme wesentlicher Elemente dieses Ansatzes in die Bundesrahmenempfehlungen der Nationalen Präventionskonferenz vom 19.02.2016 ist die Basis für eine Weiterentwicklung und Verbreitung geschaffen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Craciun, Irina Catrinel, Uwe Flick, Sarah Rasche & Andreas Hirseland (2019): Too old to work: Views on reemployment in older unemployed immigrants in Germany. In: Ageing international, Jg. 44, H. 3, S. 234-249., 2018-06-04. DOI:10.1007/s12126-018-9328-8

Abstract

"Despite active aging discourses and labor force integration goals, unemployment and dependency on welfare institutions among older workers still prevails, especially among vulnerable groups like immigrants or women. However, little is known about how older immigrants understand or cope with unemployment. The present study investigates the interplay between age, gender and immigrant status in making sense of unemployment and reemployment barriers. Episodic interviews were conducted with 12 Russian-speaking and 12 Turkish unemployed immigrants living in Germany. Older unemployed immigrants perceived age as an important barrier for reemployment and used old age to make sense of their unemployment, setting the stage for the internalization of negative age stereotypes. Gender norms may be less important than age perceptions in the context of unemployment. Different intervention alternatives are discussed in relation to the immigrant unemployed aging groups studied." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Davis, Owen (2019): What is the relationship between benefit conditionality and mental health? Evidence from the United States on TANF policies. In: Journal of social policy, Jg. 48, H. 2, S. 249-269. DOI:10.1017/S0047279418000363

Abstract

"This article provides new evidence on the relationship between benefit conditionality and mental health. Using data on Temporary Assistance for Needy Families policies (TANF) - the main form of poverty relief in the United States - it explores whether the mental health of low-educated single mothers varies according to the stringency of conditionality requirements attached to receipt of benefit. Specifically, the article combines state-level data on sanctioning practices, work requirements and welfare-to-work spending with health data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and evaluates the impact of conditionality on mental health over a fifteen-year period (2000 to 2015). It finds that states that have harsher sanctions, stricter job search requirements and higher expenditure on welfare-to-work policies, have worse mental health among low-educated single mothers. There is also evidence that between-wave increases in the stringency of conditionality requirements are associated with deteriorations in mental health among the recipient population. It is suggested that these findings may reflect an overall effect of 'intensive conditionality', rather than of the individual variables per se. The article ends by considering the wider implications for policy and research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Everding, Jakob & Jan Marcus (2019): The effect of unemployment on the smoking behavior of couples. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 1037), Berlin, 31 S.

Abstract

"Although unemployment likely entails various externalities, research examining its spillover effects on spouses is scarce. This is the first paper to estimate effects of unemployment on the smoking behavior of both spouses. Using German Socio-Economic Panel data, we combine matching and difference-in-differences estimation, employing the post-double-selection method for control-variable selection via Lasso regressions. One spouse's unemployment increases both spouses' smoking probability and intensity. Smoking relapses and decreased smoking cessation drive the effects. Effects are stronger if the partner already smokes and if the male partner becomes unemployed. Of several mechanisms discussed, we identify smoking to cope with stress as relevant." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Hansford, Lorraine, Felicity Thomas & Katrina Wyatt (2019): The impact of the work capability assessment on mental health. Claimants' lived experiences and GP perspectives in low-income communities. In: The journal of poverty and social justice, Jg. 27, H. 3, S. 351-368. DOI:10.1332/175982719X15637716050550

Abstract

"This paper examines the impact of increased welfare conditionality on people with mental health issues claiming benefits in the UK. Drawing on data from the DeStress study, this paper explores the lived experience of welfare claimants in low-income communities, and the perspectives of GPs seeking to support them. Particular focus is placed on people's experience of the Work Capability Assessment, the tool used to determine welfare claimants' entitlement to sickness benefit, and how the narratives and culture surrounding welfare reform and the actual assessment itself can have a negative impact on mental health and wellbeing." (Author's abstract, © 2019 Policy Press) ((en))

Zitatform

Hollederer, Alfons (2019): Health promotion and prevention among the unemployed. A systematic review. In: Health Promotion International, Jg. 34, H. 6, S. 1078-1096. DOI:10.1093/heapro/day069

Abstract

"The interactions between unemployment and health create a need for specific interventions for health promotion and prevention. This overview provides information on how health promotion for the unemployed has been approached with an analysis of controlled intervention studies between 1996 and 2016. The literature search consulted 11 international databases in medicine, social sciences and psychology. A total of 30 health interventions for the unemployed were identified, with 43 articles that included the effects of intervention. A controlled-study design was used in 14 studies. The health promotion measures were generally based on individual counselling, case management, training or group services. The overview demonstrates the breadth of variation in target groups and types of measures. Their result indicators for health and integration into the labor market vary substantially, as do the employment promotion effects. There is evidence of improved health and labor market integration for established approaches like the JOBS Program and JobFit. Effects are rather moderate or low in magnitude and the effect mechanisms often remain unclear. Effects weaken over time. While success is more common in the areas of health, physical activity, nutrition and stress relief, there was no impact on smoking behavior. A significant evolution can be observed in the quality and quantity of health promotion for the unemployed over time. There is a need for further research on the effectiveness and sustainability of interventions. Intervention strategies should be developed that take account of the diversity of the unemployed and their different needs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Krug, Gerhard & Sebastian Prechsl (2019): The role of social relationships in the adverse effect of unemployment on mental health - Testing the causal pathway and buffering hypotheses using panel data. (SocArXiv Papers), 35 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/syzvp

Abstract

"Social relationships are considered crucially important for understanding the adverse effect of unemployment on mental health. Social relationships are assumed to either bring about the health effects of unemployment (causal path way hypothesis) or shield the unemployed from such effects (buffering hypothesis). However, there is scarce empirical evidence, especially based on longitudinal data, regarding these two hypotheses. In our analysis, we use up to ten waves of the 'Labour Market and Social Security' (PASS) German panel study and apply fixed effects panel regressions to account for unobserved confounders. We test several indicators that cover different aspects of social relationships ( number of strong and weak ties, conflict in the household, employed friends, general and job search - specific social support ) . We find no empirical support for the causal pathway hypothesis and only very limited support for the buffering hypothesis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Krug, Gerhard, Stefan Brandt, Markus Gamper, André Knabe & Andreas Klärner (2019): Arbeitslosigkeit, soziale Netzwerke und gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten. In: A. Klärner, M. Gamper, S. Keim, I. Moor, H. von d. Lippe & N. Vonneilich (Hrsg.) (2019): Soziale Netzwerke und gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten : Eine neue Perspektive für die Forschung, Wiesbaden, Springer VS S. 309-328, 2019-01-31. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-21659-7_13

Abstract

"Für die Betroffenen kann Arbeitslosigkeit mit einer Verschlechterung der physischen, vor allem aber auch der psychischen Gesundheit einhergehen. Dabei wird debattiert, inwiefern Arbeitslosigkeit hierbei auch ursächlich für einen schlechten Gesundheitszustand verantwortlich ist. Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage sind zum einen Forschungsdesigns nötig, die für Kausalanalysen besonders gut geeignet sind. Hier lässt sich in den quantitativen Analysen der letzten Jahre ein deutlicher Fortschritt beobachten, etwa die häufigere Verwendung von Längsschnittdaten und die Anwendung statistischer Verfahren zur Kontrolle unbeobachtbarer Drittvariablen. Zum anderen braucht es allerdings auch Analysen der kausalen Mechanismen, durch die Arbeitslosigkeit gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigungen hervorbringt. Einer dieser hypothetischen Mechanismen basiert auf der Vorstellung, dass soziale Netzwerke eine hohe Relevanz für gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten haben. In dem Maße, wie sich dieser Mechanismus nicht nur theoretisch explizieren, sondern auch empirisch bestätigen lässt, dient die Forschung hierzu auch als Beitrag zur übergeordneten Diskussion um den kausalen Einfluss der Arbeitslosigkeit im Unterschied zu Selektionseffekten." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Lietzmann, Torsten, Philipp Ramos Lobato, Mark Trappmann & Stefanie Unger (2019): Leistungsberechtigte mit gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen: Nicht jeder ist erwerbsfähig (Serie "Zukunft der Grundsicherung"). In: IAB-Forum H. 18.09.2019, o. Sz., 2019-09-12.

Abstract

"Erwerbsfähigkeit ist eine der Voraussetzungen, um Leistungen der Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende beziehen zu können. Im Vergleich zu den Regelungen anderer europäischer Länder wird dabei hierzulande eine weite Definition zugrunde gelegt. Dadurch befinden sich unter den Leistungsberechtigten nicht wenige Personen, die formal als erwerbsfähig gelten, dies faktisch aber aus gesundheitlichen Gründen nicht - oder allenfalls nur sehr eingeschränkt - sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Ponomarenko, Valentina, Anja K. Leist & Louis Chauvel (2019): Increases in wellbeing in the transition to retirement for the unemployed. Catching up with formerly employed persons. In: Ageing and society, Jg. 39, H. 2, S. 254-276. DOI:10.1017/S0144686X17000976

Abstract

"This paper examines the extent to which wellbeing levels change in the transition to retirement depending on transitioning from being employed, unemployed or economically inactive. Whereas transitioning from employment to unemployment has been found to cause a decrease in subjective wellbeing with more time spent in unemployment, it is not clear how transitioning from unemployment to retirement affects wellbeing levels. We use the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe to monitor the life satisfaction of respondents who retire in between two waves. We portray wellbeing scores before and after retirement and then identify the change in life satisfaction during the retirement transition using a First Difference model. Results indicate that being unemployed before retirement is associated with an increase in life satisfaction, but presents mainly a catching-up effect compared to employed persons transitioning to retirement. These results are still significant if we control for selection into unemployment and country differences. Retirement from labour market inactivity does not lead to significant changes in wellbeing. As the wellbeing of unemployed persons recovers after transitioning to retirement, especially the currently unemployed population should be supported to prevent detrimental consequences of economically unfavourable conditions and lower wellbeing." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Sage, Daniel (2019): Unemployment, wellbeing and the power of the work ethic. Implications for social policy. In: Critical social policy, Jg. 39, H. 2, S. 205-228. DOI:10.1177/0261018318780910

Abstract

"Unemployment is associated with a range of health and social problems, such as poor physical health and wellbeing. Welfare state research has recently considered how social policies can ameliorate the harmful effects of unemployment. This article argues that such policy suggestions disregard the role of the work ethic in shaping the experience of unemployment. In societies that glorify employment as a signifier of identity and status, it is unsurprising that those without employment suffer. Previous research supports this view, showing how subscription to the work ethic is associated with wellbeing amongst unemployed people. Original analysis of the European Values Study confirms the importance of the work ethic, showing how unemployed people with weaker work ethics have significantly higher life satisfaction than those with stronger work ethics. The article concludes that the most effective way of dealing with the deleterious effects of unemployment is to challenge the centrality of employment in contemporary societies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Shahidi, Faraz Vahid, Carles Muntaner, Ketan Shankardass, Carlos Quiñonez & Arjumand Siddiqi (2019): The effect of unemployment benefits on health: A propensity score analysis. In: Social science & medicine, Jg. 226, H. April, S. 198-206. DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.02.047

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Thielemans, Gert & Dimitri Mortelmans (2019): Female labour force participation after divorce. How employment histories matter. In: Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Jg. 40, H. 2, S. 180-193. DOI:10.1007/s10834-018-9600-9

Abstract

"This article focuses on the labour market decisions of divorced women, surrounding the time of the factual separation. We build on earlier research, but explicitly distinguish between homemakers and unemployed women. Using retrospective data gathered from a sample of 1251 Flemish women from the Divorce in Flanders project (DiF 2009 - 2010), we performed anticipation-controlled event-history analysis to estimate the probability of an employment increase around the time of separation. We find that: (a) women were twice as likely to increase their employment for a short period of time after the separation, (b) there was an increasingly negative relationship between employment intensity at the time of separation and the probability of increasing employment immediately afterwards, and (c) observed differences between homemakers and unemployed women were likely due to compositional differences at the time of separation." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

Zitatform

Voßemer, Jonas (2019): The economic and non-economic consequences of job loss, unemployment, and inadequate re-employment in Germany and Europe. Bamberg, 328 S. DOI:10.20378/irbo-54547

Abstract

"Job loss and unemployment are major social problems in modern market economies. Understanding their consequences is of key concern to the social sciences. Against this background, this cumulative thesis examines the economic and non-economic consequences of job loss, unemployment, and inadequate re-employment in Germany and Europe. In addition to five articles, it contains an overview article which motivates the research questions, reviews the state of research and highlights the contributions of this thesis, develops a general theoretical model, presents the research designs, and summarizes the main findings before drawing conclusions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Wolf, Tobias, Maria Metzing & Richard E. Lucas (2019): Experienced well-being and labor market status: The role of pleasure and meaning. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 1043), Berlin, 28 S.

Abstract

"This paper examines experienced well-being of employed and unemployed workers. We use the survey-adapted day reconstruction method (DRM) of the Innovation Sample of the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP-IS) to analyze the role of the employment status for well-being, incorporating complete time use. Summarizing the average share of pleasurable minutes, we generate the P-index. We show that - in contrast to evaluative life satisfaction - the average unemployed experiences more pleasurable minutes due to the absence of working episodes. Hence, we examine working episodes in depth. While working is among the activities with the highest propensities for an unpleasant experience, it is also among the most meaningful activities. We show that meaning is a central nonmonetary determinant for a pleasurable work episode and find that pleasure during work and job satisfaction in general have the same association with meaning." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))