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Auer, Eva (2023): Zur Arbeitsmarktsituation von Personen mit gesundheitlichen Vermittlungseinschränkungen. (AMS-Spezialthema zum Arbeitsmarkt / Arbeitsmarktservice Österreich), Wien, 6 S.

Abstract

"Im Jahr 2022 waren insgesamt 76.653 Personen mit gesundheitlichen Vermittlungseinschränkungen arbeitslos vorgemerkt oder in Schulungsmaßnahmen, 15.611 bzw. 16,9% weniger als im Jahresdurchschnitt 2021. Auch im Vergleich zum Jahr 2019 ging die Zahl der Personen mit Beeinträchtigungen mit minus 10,6% deutlich zurück. Rund 18% der vorgemerkten Personen hatten eine Behinderung gemäß Behinderteneinstellungsgesetz oder Landesbehindertengesetz bzw. einen Behindertenpass. Die restlichen 82% der arbeitslos Vorgemerkten bzw. Schulungsteilnehmer_innen mit gesundheitlichen Problemen erbrachten den Nachweis der eingeschränkten Vermittelbarkeit durch ein (fach)ärztliches Gutachten. „Erfreulicherweise konnte auch die Gruppe der arbeitssuchenden Menschen mit gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen von der guten Konjunktur des Jahres 2022 profitieren. Trotzdem bleibt die Jobsuche für Betroffene alles andere als einfach. Das zeigt sich daran, dass sie im Schnitt fast doppelt so lange einen Job suchen. Unternehmen mit Personalbedarf kann ich – insbesondere in dieser Arbeitsmarktlage – dringend empfehlen, bewusst auch in dieser Personengruppe ihre nächsten Mitarbeiter_innen zu suchen.“ so Johannes Kopf, Vorstandsmitglied." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Eberl, Andreas, Matthias Collischon & Tobias Wolbring (2023): Subjective Well-Being Scarring Through Unemployment: New Evidence from a Long-Running Panel. In: Social forces, Jg. 101, H. 3, S. 1485-1518., 2022-02-14. DOI:10.1093/sf/soac022

Abstract

"Scarring effects of unemployment on subjective well-being (SWB), i.e., negative effects that remain even after workers reenter employment, are well documented in the literature. Nevertheless, the theoretical mechanisms by which unemployment leads to long-lasting negative consequences for SWB are still under debate. Thus, we theorize that unemployment can have an enduring impact mainly through (1) the experience of unemployment as an incisive life event and (2) unemployment as a driver of future unemployment. In the empirical part, we focus on one important dimension of SWB: overall life satisfaction. Based on advanced longitudinal modeling that controls for group-specific trends, we estimate scarring through unemployment using the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). Our results consistently show a large negative effect of unemployment on life satisfaction as well as significant scarring effects that last at least 5 years after reemployment for both men and women as well as for short- and long-term unemployment spells. Further analyses reveal that repeated periods of unemployment drive these effects and cause even longer lasting scarring, implying that there are hardly any adaptations to unemployment that buffer its effect on life satisfaction. We conclude that scarring effects mainly work through repeated episodes of unemployment. Regarding policy implications, our findings suggest that preventing unemployment, regardless of its duration, is beneficial for individual well-being not only in the short term." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Oxford University Press) ((en))

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Keitel, Christiane, Julia Schmidtke & Mario Lawes; Julia Schmidtke & Mario Lawes (sonst. bet. Pers.) (2023): Cortisolmessungen zeigen: Nicht unbedingt Arbeitslosigkeit, sondern vor allem berufliche Unsicherheit führt zu erhöhtem chronischem Stress (Interview mit Julia Schmidtke und Mario Lawes). In: IAB-Forum H. 15.12.2023 Nürnberg. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20231215.01

Abstract

"Im German Job Search Panel hat das IAB gemeinsam mit Kooperationspartnern eine Smartphone App genutzt, um anfänglich arbeitssuchend gemeldete Beschäftigte monatlich zu ihrem Wohlbefinden zu befragen, und das bis zu zwei Jahre lang. Darüber hinaus maß das Befragungsteam wiederholt den Stressmarker Cortisol im Haar der Befragten. Die IAB-Forumsredaktion hat sich mit Julia Schmidtke vom IAB und Mario Lawes von der Freien Universität Berlin über die Ergebnisse dieser innovativen Studie unterhalten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Lawes, Mario, Clemens Hetschko, Ronnie Schöb, Gesine Stephan & Michael Eid (2023): The Impact of Unemployment on Cognitive, Affective, and Eudaimonic Well-Being Facets: Investigating Immediate Effects and Short-Term Adaptation. In: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Jg. 124, H. 3, S. 659-681., 2022-02-10. DOI:10.1037/pspp0000417

Abstract

"While long-lasting declines in life satisfaction following unemployment have been well documented, evidence on the impact of unemployment on affective and eudaimonic well-being is scarce. Moreover, most existing studies relied on yearly panel data and were unable to separate the immediate effects of entering unemployment from prospective effects occurring before individuals become unemployed. The present study identified the immediate effects of entering unemployment on cognitive, affective and eudaimonic well-being facets using a control-group design based on monthly panel data of initially employed German jobseekers who were at high risk of losing their job. In order to investigate patterns of short-term adaptation, the study further examined whether average well-being levels change within the first months of unemployment using a mixed-effects trait-state-occasion model. All effects were separately computed for jobseekers affected by mass-layoffs or plant closures and individuals who registered as jobseekers due to other reasons. Multi-item instruments and experience sampling were used to validly measure the various well-being facets. The results indicate that life satisfaction and income satisfaction significantly decreased for individuals affected by mass-layoffs or plant closures from the last month in employment to the first month in unemployment. For individuals who registered as jobseekers due to other reasons, these effects were smaller and not significant in the case of life satisfaction. Crucially, there were no immediate effects of entering unemployment on the examined affective and eudaimonic well-being facets. Moreover, well-being levels were generally stable within the first months of unemployment indicating a general absence of short-term adaptation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) ((en))

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Lent, Robert W., Ruogo J. Wang, Emily R. Cygrymus & Bhanu Priya Moturu (2023): Navigating the multiple challenges of job loss: A career self-management perspective. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 146. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2023.103927

Abstract

"Involuntary job loss poses at least two major, simultaneous challenges: coping with the psychological fallout of the loss as well as finding new work. Research on coping with unemployment has often emphasized the job search process, equating it with “problem-focused” coping. By contrast, while the psychological toll also represents a real problem for many unemployed persons, efforts to cope with the myriad non-search aspects of job loss (e.g., changes in social, temporal, and financial conditions) have often been considered as “emotion-focused,” “symptom-focused,” or “escape-oriented”, implying that such coping is somehow ancillary to, or even at odds with, the aims of re-employment. Extending the social cognitive model of career self-management (CSM; Lent & Brown, 2013) to the study of job loss, we examined psychological and job search coping strategies in conjunction with selected person and contextual factors that can aid or hinder the coping process. The project included development of a new coping strategies measure, the Coping with Unemployment Scales (CUES). A sample of 512 early to mid-career unemployed workers in the U.S. completed an online survey including measures of coping, social support, financial strain, proactive personality, and three criterion variables: emotional well-being, psychological distress, and job search progress. A structural path analysis of the CSM model yielded good fit to the data. The coping strategies contributed uniquely to the prediction of the emotional functioning and job search progress criteria. We consider the implications of the findings for future inquiry on job loss coping." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Picchio, Matteo & Michele Ubaldi (2023): Unemployment and health: A meta-analysis. In: Journal of Economic Surveys online erschienen am 22.09.2023, S. 1-36. DOI:10.1111/joes.12588

Abstract

"This paper reports a meta-analysis of the relationship between unemployment and health. Our meta-dataset consisted of 327 study results taken from 65 articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 1990 and 2021. We found that publication bias is important, but only for those study results obtained by means of difference-in-differences or instrumental variables estimators. On average, the effect of unemployment on health is negative, but quite small in terms of partial correlation coefficients. We investigated whether the findings were heterogeneous across several research dimensions. We found that unemployment has the strongest impact on the psychological domains of health and long-term unemployment spells are more detrimental than short-term ones. Furthermore, women are less affected, studies dealing with endogeneity issues find smaller effects and the health penalty is increasing with unemployment rate." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Piper, Alan, David G. Blanchflower & Alex Bryson (2023): Is pain associated with subsequent job loss? A panel study for Germany. In: Kyklos, Jg. 76, H. 1, S. 141-158. DOI:10.1111/kykl.12319

Abstract

"The cross-sectional association between pain and unemployment is well-established. But the absence of panel data containing information on pain and labor market status has meant that less is known about the direction of any causal linkage. Those longitudinal studies that do examine the link between pain and subsequent labor market transitions suggest results are sensitive to the measurement of pain and model specification. We contribute to this literature using large-scale panel data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) for the period 2002 to 2018. We show that workers suffering pain are more likely than others to leave their job for unemployment or economic inactivity. This probability rises with the frequency of the pain suffered in the previous month. The effect persists having accounted for fixed unobserved differences across workers, is apparent among those who otherwise report good general health and is robust to the inclusion of controls for mental health, life satisfaction and the employee's occupation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Schmidtke, Julia, Clemens Hetschko, Michael Eid, Mario Lawes, Ronnie Schöb & Gesine Stephan (2023): The German Job Search Panel 2.0: The Pandemic Cohort. (OSF preprints), Charlottesville, VA, 23 S. DOI:10.31219/osf.io/szjrx

Abstract

"The German Job Search Panel (GJSP) comprises survey data from workers who registered as jobseekers expecting the Termination of their jobs. The data include an exceptionally broad range of measures of health and well-being, among other information. A first cohort was invited to participate between November 2017 and May 2019 (Hetschko et al., 2022). In 2020, the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic drastically changed the macroeconomic environment of the German labor market and, in the process, the challenges associated with job search. We therefore decided to sample a second cohort of initially employed jobseekers from July 2020 to February 2021 (GJSP 2.0). Combining the two GJSP cohorts allows Researchers to examine if and how the pandemic altered the experience of job search. This data report describes the pandemic cohort of the GJSP, changes to sampling, recruitment and questionnaires compared to the first cohort and documents determinants of participation and panel attrition." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Schmidtke, Julia, Clemens Hetschko, Ronnie Schöb, Gesine Stephan, Michael Eid & Mario Lawes (2023): Does Worker Well-Being Adapt to a Pandemic? An Event Study Based on High-Frequency Panel Data. In: The Review of Income and Wealth online erschienen am 20.11.2023, S. 1-22. DOI:10.1111/roiw.12668

Abstract

"We estimate the dynamic impact of two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic on an exceptionally broad range of indicators of worker well-being. Our analyses are based on high-frequency panel data from an app-based survey of German workers and employ an event-study design with individual-specific fixed effects. We find that workers' mental health decreased substantially during the first wave of the pandemic. To a smaller extent, this is also true for life satisfaction and momentary happiness. Most well-being indicators converged to prepandemic levels when infection rates declined. During the second wave of the pandemic, overall worker well-being decreased less than that during the first wave. Life satisfaction does not seem to have changed at all. We conclude that worker well-being adapts to the pandemic. Moreover, subgroup analyses indicate that, in terms of well-being, workers who took part in a job retention scheme fared less well during the pandemic than other employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Wiley & Sons Ltd) ((en))

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Stephan, Gesine, Clemens Hetschko, Julia Schmidtke, Mario Lawes, Michael Eid & Ronnie Schöb (2023): Das „German Job Search Panel“: Die Effekte von Arbeitslosigkeit und Covid19 auf das Wohlbefinden. (IAB-Forschungsbericht 19/2023), Nürnberg, 21 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FB.2319

Abstract

"Zu den Auswirkungen von Arbeitslosigkeit auf das Wohlbefinden gibt es bereits eine Vielzahl von Studien (für einen Überblick s. z.B. Suppa 2021). Allerdings basieren diese in der Regel nicht auf hochfrequenten (also in kurzen Zeitabständen erfassten) Daten und erheben meist nur ausgewählte Dimensionen des Wohlbefindens. Im Rahmen eines DFG-geförderten Projektes befragte das „German Job Search Panel“ (GJSP) in den Jahren von 2017 bis 2021 zunächst arbeitsuchend gemeldete Personen daher monatlich zu ihrem Wohlbefinden. Die Erhebung erfolgte mit einer innovativen Smartphone-App. Anhand der Cortisolkonzentration im Haar wurde zudem die Stressbelastung der Befragten gemessen. Auf dieser Basis lässt sich sehr differenziert untersuchen, wie sich kritische Lebensereignisse - wie ein Eintritt in Arbeitslosigkeit - auf das Wohlbefinden auswirken. Zielgruppe der Befragung waren Personen, die sich zunächst arbeitsuchend gemeldet hatten. Denn ein zentrales Ziel des Projektes war es, den Auswirkungen des Eintritts in Arbeitslosigkeit auf die verschiedenen Facetten des Wohlbefindens nachzugehen. Nur ein Teil der Personen, die sich als arbeitssuchend registrieren, wird tatsächlich arbeitslos. Damit steht eine natürliche Vergleichsgruppe für diejenigen Personen zur Verfügung, die tatsächlich arbeitslos werden. Dies gilt insbesondere für Personen, die von Massenentlassungen und Betriebsschließungen betroffen waren. Denn bei diesen hängt die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Arbeitsplatzverlustes vornehmlich von externen Faktoren ab. Insgesamt nahmen anfangs knapp 1.900 Personen an einer ersten Kohorte und knapp 1.000 Personen an einer zweiten Kohorte des GJSP teil. Zwei Methodenberichte erläutern das Design der Befragung und die Selektion in die Befragung in Detail (Hetschko et al. 2022, Schmidtke et al. 2023). Das GJSP ermöglicht es unter anderem, die unmittelbaren Effekte des Eintritts in Arbeitslosigkeit bei zuvor arbeitssuchend gemeldeten Personen zu untersuchen. Wie ein erstes Teilprojekt (Lawes et al. 2023) zeigt, hat Arbeitslosigkeit unmittelbare negative Effekte auf die Zufriedenheit mit dem Haushaltseinkommen. Bei Personen, die sich aufgrund einer Entlassungswelle arbeitssuchend gemeldet hatten, sank mit Eintritt in die Arbeitslosigkeit auch unmittelbar die Lebenszufriedenheit. Wenn Personen aus anderen Gründen arbeitslos wurden, stieg beim Eintritt in die Arbeitslosigkeit hingegen die Zufriedenheit mit der Freizeit, und die Lebenszufriedenheit sank erst mit fortschreitender Zeit in Arbeitslosigkeit. Andere untersuchte Dimensionen des Wohlbefindens veränderten sich hingegen durch den Eintritt der Arbeitslosigkeit nicht signifikant. Durch die wiederholte Messung von Haarcortisol untersuchte ein weiteres Teilprojekt (Lawes et al. 2022) erstmals, wie sich die Arbeitssuche auf einen Biomarker für chronischen Stress auswirkt. Der Cortisolgehalt war kurz nach der Meldung als „arbeitsuchend“ am höchsten - also in einer Zeit mit tendenziell hoher Unsicherheit bezüglich der beruflichen Zukunft. In der Folge sank das Haarcortisol - unabhängig davon, ob die Betroffenen tatsächlich arbeitslos wurden. Zudem hatten bereits länger arbeitslose Personen eine höhere Haarcortisol-Konzentration, wenn sie ihre Wiederbeschäftigungschancen vergleichsweise schlecht einschätzten. Körperlichen Stress löst der Eintritt in Arbeitslosigkeit also nur dann aus, wenn Menschen davon ausgehen, dass ihre Wiederbeschäftigungsmöglichkeiten gering sind. Schmidtke et al. (2023) zeigten schließlich in einem weiteren Teilprojekt, dass die Covid19-Pandemie nur schwache und vorübergehende Effekte auf die allgemeine Lebenszufriedenheit hatte. Die mentale Gesundheit der Befragten war hingegen stärker beeinträchtigt. Insbesondere traf dies auf Menschen in Kurzarbeit zu. Insgesamt zeigten sich aber gewisse Anpassungseffekte an die Krise: Die zweite Welle der Pandemie wirkte sich geringer auf die Lebenszufriedenheit und die mentale Gesundheit aus als die erste Welle." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Taylor, Philip, Eyal Gringart & Claire Adams (2023): Psychological Effects Of Unemployment Across The Lifespan: A Synthesis Of Relevant Literature. In: Journal of Aging & Social Policy, Jg. 35, H. 2, S. 154-178. DOI:10.1080/08959420.2022.2136918

Abstract

"Amid ongoing global economic uncertainty and long-standing efforts to tackle age discrimination and increase older workers’ labor force engagement, it is pertinent to consider age differences in the individual effects of joblessness. This is paramount for informing support services, policy formulation, and research. This article is based on a literature review of international peer reviewed quantitative research that has examined the relationship between age, psychological wellbeing and unemployment. Two hundred and twenty-six studies were screened and 36 were included. No relevant qualitative studies were identified. Among the studies, there was a broad consensus that there are age differences in terms of the psychological consequences of unemployment. However, they showed mixed evidence, and critical conceptual and methodological deficiencies were identified. We conclude that the body of evidence is weak and that drawing from it for the development of practice and policy in support of jobless individuals is to be cautioned against." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Weißmann, Regina, Annette Grimmel-Bruhns & Fanny L. C. Loth (2023): KOPF22: Kooperation für Prävention, Fitness und Gesundheit im Jobcenter. In: T. Manderbach, C. Joas & H. Vogel (Hrsg.) (2023): Arbeitsförderung, Gesundheitswesen und Rehabilitationssystem: Wie kann die Zusammenarbeit im traditionell gegliederten System der sozialen und gesundheitlichen Sicherung besser gelingen? Modellprojekte aus dem Förderprogramm rehapro des Bundesministeriums für Arbeit und Soziales, Teil 1 (=Psychosoziale und medizinische Rehabilitation 36 (2023), 2), S. 128-134.

Abstract

"Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Projektaktivitäten und Zielsetzungen des Projektverbunds KOPF22 (Kooperation für Prävention, Fitness und Gesundheit im Jobcenter) vor. Als Teil des Bundesprogramms rehapro widmet sich die Projektgruppe der Zielgruppe von Jobcenter-Kund:innen, die ein potenzielles Risiko für eine Erwerbsminderung aufweisen, und entwickelt dabei ein Instrument zur Einschätzung des Risikos der Erwerbsminderung. Für die daran anschließende Beratung werden zielgruppenspezifische Präventions-Handlungsstrategien abgeleitet, um der Zielgruppe adäquate Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten anbieten zu können." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Bertheau, Antoine, Edoardo Acabbi, Cristina Barceló, Andreas Gulyas, Stefano Lombardi & Raffaele Saggio (2022): The Unequal Cost of Job Loss across Countries. (IZA discussion paper 15033), Bonn, 49 S.

Abstract

"We document the consequences of losing a job across countries using a harmonized research design. Workers in Denmark and Sweden experience the lowest earnings declines following job displacement, while workers in Italy, Spain, and Portugal experience losses three times as high. French and Austrian workers face earnings losses somewhere in-between. Key to these differences is that Southern European workers are less likely to find employment following displacement. Loss of employer-specific wage premiums accounts for 40% to 95% of within-country wage declines. The use of active labor market policies predicts a significant portion of the cross-country heterogeneity in earnings losses." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bähr, Sebastian & Matthias Collischon (2022): Erwerbsarbeit erfüllt wichtige psychologische Funktionen. In: IAB-Forum H. 07.09.2022 Nürnberg, 2022-08-08. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20220907.01

Abstract

"Erwerbsarbeit dient nicht nur der Erzielung von Einkommen. Sie erfüllt auch wichtige psychologische Funktionen, die sich wiederum auf das mentale Wohlbefinden auswirken. Eine neue IAB-Studie zeigt, wie stark sich latente (psychologische) Funktionen der Arbeit zwischen Erwerbstätigen und Arbeitslosen unterscheiden. Demnach sind Arbeitslose in allen betrachteten Dimensionen gegenüber Erwerbstätigen im Nachteil – selbst, wenn diese nur einen Minijob ausüben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Bähr, Sebastian, Bernad Batinic & Matthias Collischon (2022): Heterogeneities in the latent functions of employment: New findings from a large-scale German survey. In: Frontiers in psychology, Jg. 13, S. 1-17., 2022-07-22. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.909558

Abstract

"Building on social psychologist Marie Jahoda’s pioneering work, the psychological literature has shown that work fulfills both manifest functions (e.g., monetary returns) and latent functions (e.g., social contact). This article uses data from the German panel study “Labor market and social security” (PASS), which contains information on latent and manifest factors (from a shortened latent and manifest benefits, or LaMB, scale), as well as a large array of other variables for over 9,000 respondents. This probability-sampled data allowed for detailed analyses that have not been previously possible. We investigate differences in these factors by labor market status, among those employed, and among those unemployed. We identify considerable variation between status groups, suggesting that employment, overall, is important and that longer periods of unemployment lead to a gradual decay of the latent and manifest factors. Furthermore, regression analyses show that the LaMB measures account for approximately 70% of the partial correlations between unemployment and various well-being measures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Frontiers Media) ((en))

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Giustozzi, Carlotta (2022): Social Consequences of Labour Market Marginalisation in Germany. Analysing the Impact of Social Identities and Values. Leverkusen: Budrich Academic Press, 268 S.

Abstract

"Das Buch untersucht die sozialen Folgen von Arbeitsmarktmarginaliserung für nahe soziale Beziehungen und gesellschaftliche Partizipation in Deutschland. Dabei zeigen Mehrebenenmodelle und Längsschnittanalysen, die individuelle, haushaltsbezogene und regionale sozio-ökonomische Faktoren analysieren, dass finanzielle Schwierigkeiten nur marginal soziale Exklusion erklären können. Vielmehr sind soziale Rollen, Normen und Identität ausschlaggebend für eine Arbeitsmarktmarginalisierung." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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Gromann, Petra & Andrea Deuschle (2022): Teilhabe an Arbeit für Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen. Konzepte für eine nachhaltige Umsetzung durch Zielvereinbarungen. (Gesellschaft und Nachhaltigkeit 10), Leverkusen: Verlag Barbara Budrich, 153 S.

Abstract

"Wie kann die Teilhabe von Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen an Arbeit verbessert werden? Dieser Frage widmet sich der Band, indem die Ergebnisse eines Forschungsprojektes zum Thema vorgestellt werden. Dazu kommen die Darstellung und theoretische Begründung von konkreten Konzepten zur Begleitung der Teilhabe-Prozesse. Der Band macht deutlich, dass Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen nachhaltig von personalisierten Angeboten wie individuellem Coaching und Zielvereinbarungen profitieren." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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Krug, Gerhard & Sebastian Prechsl (2022): Do changes in network structure explain why unemployment damages health? Evidence from German panel data. In: Social Science & Medicine, Jg. 307, 2022-06-18. DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115161

Abstract

"We use German panel data and apply fixed effects regressions to test whether changes in social network size or composition explain why unemployment harms individuals’ health. We consider whether the number of weak ties, the number of strong ties, the share of relatives or the share of unemployed individuals among strong ties mediate the negative relation between unemployment and health. We look at various health and health behavior outcomes, such as self-rated health, mental health, physical health, the number of doctor visits and the number of cigarettes smoked. We find no evidence that structural features of the social network play a role in mediating the health-damaging effect of unemployment. We conduct a variety of supplementary analyses that support and extend our results, including mediation tests for emotional support and contact intensity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))

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Krug, Gerhard, Stefan Brandt, Markus Gamper, André Knabe & Andreas Klärner (2022): Unemployment, Social Networks, and Health Inequalities. In: A. Klärner, M. Gamper, S. Keim-Klärner, I. Moor, H. v. d. Lippe & N. Vonneilich (Hrsg.) (2022): Social Networks and Health Inequalities, S. 215-229, 2022-01-01. DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-97722-1_12

Abstract

"The loss of employment is an event that interferes with the lives of everyone affected, causes stress, and can have a negative impact on their health. Meta-analyses show that unemployed people have a worse state of health and a mortality risk that is at least 1.6 times higher than those who are employed. Unemployment is associated with a lower mental and physical health status and, in some cases, with riskier health behavior (particularly tobacco consumption). There are two important theses on the role of social networks in this context: (1) Unemployment changes social networks so that they no longer fulfill their positive function for health (mediator thesis); (2) Unemployment leaves social networks unchanged and persons with resource-rich networks suffer less from health losses due to unemployment (moderator thesis). This article provides an overview of empirical analyses on the topic of networks and unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer) ((en))

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Lawes, Mario, Clemens Hetschko, Joseph Sakshaug & Stephan Grießemer (2022): Contact Modes and Participation in App-Based Smartphone Surveys: Evidence From a Large-Scale Experiment. In: Social science computer review, Jg. 40, H. 5, S. 1076-1092., 2021-01-18. DOI:10.1177/0894439321993832

Abstract

"Smartphone apps are increasingly being used for population-based survey research. Recruiting people to sign up for an app-based survey is, however, less straightforward compared to traditional surveys, which risks inflating nonresponse as well as the potential for nonresponse bias. By means of an experiment with over 44,000 recently registered job seekers, we present causal evidence on the effects of using different contact modes (email, postal letter, or preannouncement letter and email) on participation rates in an app-based panel survey. Further, using detailed administrative register data, we investigate whether contact modes differentially affect nonresponse bias. We also examine whether the mode of making contact has a lasting effect on panel participation rates and participation rates in momentary assessments collected using the experience sampling method (ESM). Overall, the preannouncement letter and email invitation strategy maximizes participation compared to stand-alone letters and emails, which do not differ significantly in terms of participation rates. Stand-alone letters and the preannouncement approach perform better than emails when it comes to panel participation and submitted ESM episodes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Lawes, Mario, Clemens Hetschko, Ronnie Schöb, Gesine Stephan & Michael Eid (2022): Unemployment and hair cortisol as a biomarker of chronic stress. In: Scientific Reports H. 12, 2022-12-05. DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-25775-1

Abstract

"Unemployment is widely considered an important chronic stressor. Using longitudinal data of initially employed German jobseekers, the present study examines whether unemployment is related to changes in hair cortisol concentration (HCC), a reliable biomarker for chronic stress. The results indicate that HCC is the highest initially when individuals are insecurely employed and decreases as people gain certainty about whether they enter unemployment or not. We find no effects when comparing the average changes in HCC between individuals who entered unemployment to those of continuously employed individuals. However, medium-term unemployment was associated with a stronger mean increase in HCC if re-employment expectations were low compared to when re-employment expectations were high. Taken together, our results support two key conclusions. First, experiencing the uncertainty of looming unemployment is associated with more pronounced cortisol secretion than unemployment itself. Second, whether working or being unemployed is associated with higher HCC is highly context-dependent, with poor re-employment prospects during unemployment being a key predictor of increased HCC. Overall, our study provides further evidence that the physiological stress system is especially sensitive to uncontrollable situations and unfamiliar challenge." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer) ((en))

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Malisauskaite, Gintare, Olena Nizalova & Despoina Xanthopoulou (2022): Unemployment and Well-Being of Europeans Across the Life Cycle: The Role of Countries' Macroeconomic Situation. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 162, H. 3, S. 1387-1412. DOI:10.1007/s11205-022-02892-y

Abstract

"Unemployment impairs individuals' well-being and health and there is some empirical evidence showing that macroeconomic conditions can moderate these effects. This paper goes a step further and investigates differences in how macroeconomic indicators of European countries' economic situation relate to individual subjective health and well-being, and also moderate the relationship between individual labour market exclusion and these outcomes across age groups: young individuals (aged 15–29), prime working age adults (aged 30–49, base category) and pre-retirement age adults (aged 50–64). We used two different macroeconomic indicators to define macroeconomic situation: country-level unemployment rate and gross domestic product (GDP). Both indicators were disaggregated into long-term economic trend and business cycle shocks using Hodrick–Prescott filtering to allow distinguishing between expected and unexpected change in macroeconomic circumstances. We used the European Social Survey individual-level data from 35 European countries for 2002–2014. Multi-level analysis with three levels were run for men and women separately. Results revealed differences in how individual-level unemployment related to well-being depending on the age group, with pre-retirement age group adults' health and well-being suffering the most. Also, macroeconomic indicators were found to moderate the relationship between individual-level unemployment and subjective health and well-being with some noticeable differences between age groups, and with GDP trend having the most sizeable influence." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Martin, Sonia, Timothy Schofield & Peter Butterworth (2022): News media representations of people receiving income support and the production of stigma power: An empirical analysis of reporting on two Australian welfare payments. In: Critical Social Policy, Jg. 42, H. 4, S. 648-670. DOI:10.1177/02610183211073945

Abstract

"People receiving working-age income support payments are often stigmatised as morally and/or behaviourally deficient. We consider the role of the media, as a potential source of structural stigma, in perpetuating negative characterisations of people in receipt of either the Disability Support Pension (DSP) or unemployment benefits (Newstart) during a major period of welfare reform in Australia. Newspaper articles (N = 8290) that appeared in Australia’s five largest newspapers between 2001 and 2016, and referenced either payment were analysed. We found an increased use of fraud language associated with the DSP, which coincides with increased political and policy focus on this payment. We conclude that in a period of increasing political concern with welfare reform, media coverage of welfare recipients is a form of stigma power, acting discursively as symbolic violence." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Mikoteit, Thomas (2022): Verknüpfung von Arbeits- und Gesundheitsförderung im JobCenter Essen. Ein wesentlicher Erfolgsfaktor in der fachlichen Arbeit. In: Nachrichtendienst des Deutschen Vereins für öffentliche und private Fürsorge, Jg. 102, H. 5, S. 202-206.

Abstract

"Der Zusammenhang von Arbeitslosigkeit und Gesundheit ist heute nicht mehr strittig. Wollen die Jobcenter ihrem Auftrag gerecht werden, muss die Schnittstelle zum Gesundheitsbereich konsequent in der fachlichen Arbeit Berücksichtigung finden. Eine Reihe von empirischen Untersuchungen zur gesundheitlichen Situation von arbeitslosen Menschen zeigen die Folgen anhaltender Arbeitslosigkeit deutlich auf. Bundesweite Untersuchungen belegen, dass man bei rund einem Drittel aller Jobcenter-Kunden/Kundinnen von einer relevanten seelischen Erkrankung ausgehen kann. Gesundheitsförderung wird daher im JobCenter Essen als Teil des Integrationsprozesses in Arbeit verstanden und ist fest in der Regelstruktur veranktert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Picchio, Matteo & Michele Ubaldi (2022): Unemployment and Health: A Meta-Analysis. (IZA discussion paper 15433), Bonn, 49 S.

Abstract

"This paper is a meta-analysis on the relationship between unemployment and health. Our meta-dataset is made up of 327 study results coming from 65 articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 1990 and 2021. We find that publication bias is important, but only for those study results obtained through difference-in-differences or instrumental variables estimators. The average effect of unemployment on health is negative, but small in terms of partial correlation coefficient. We investigate if findings are heterogeneous among several research dimensions. We find that unemployment is mostly effective on the psychological domains of health and that short- and long-term unemployment spells equally affect health. Dealing with endogeneity issues is important and, when this is done, the unemployment effects on health are closer to be nil." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ropponen, Annina, Jurgita Narusyte, Mo Wang, Sanna Kärkkäinen, Lisa Mather, Victoria Blom, Gunnar Bergström & Pia Svedberg (2022): Role of social benefits for future long-term sickness absence, disability pension and unemployment among individuals on sickness absence due to mental diagnoses: a competing risk approach. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 95, H. 4, S. 867-876. DOI:10.1007/s00420-021-01825-5

Abstract

"Purpose: To investigate associations between social benefits and disability pension (DP), long-term sickness absence (LTSA, ≥ 90 days), or unemployment among Swedish twins with sickness absence (SA) due to mental diagnoses. Methods: This population-based prospective twin study included register data on first incident SA spell (< 90 days) due to mental diagnoses (ICD 10 codes F00-F99) during the follow-up 2005–2016. SA < 90 days due to other diagnoses than mental diagnoses or any other social insurance benefit was identified for the preceding year of the first incident SA spell due to mental diagnoses (coded yes/no). Comparing those with any previous social benefits vs without, cumulative incidence curve to compare time to an event, and Cox proportional hazards models for cause-specific hazard ratios (HR, 95% confidence intervals, CI) treating first incident DP, LTSA and unemployment as competing risks were modeled. Results: During follow-up, 21 DP, 1619 LTSA, and 808 unemployment events took place. Compared to those without, those with at least one benefit had a higher risk for DP (HR 5.03; 95%CI 1.80, 14.01), LTSA (1.67; 1.50, 1.84) and unemployment (1.24; 1.03, 1.50). The cumulative incidence for DP was very low, < 1%, for LTSA 80% with any previous social benefits vs. 60% without, and for unemployment ≤ 5%. Conclusion: Social benefits received during the preceding year of SA due to mental diagnoses (< 90 days) predict DP, LTSA, and unemployment. Hence, previous social benefits may provide means for early identification of persons at risk for exit from labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Tattarini, Giulia (2022): A job is good, but is a good job healthier? Longitudinal analyses on the health consequences of unemployment and precarious employment in Europe. Potsdam, 182 S. DOI:10.25932/publishup-53672

Abstract

"Among all of the negative consequences of job loss and employment precariousness, this study focuses on (maybe) the less noticeable: decreases in individual health. It is a common belief that good health merely means the absence of disease or infirmity and that, consequently, it depends only on the access and quality of health care. However, as defined by the WHO, health can be regarded as ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing (WHO 1948) and ‘the extent to which an individual or group is able on the one hand to realize aspirations and satisfy needs; and, on the other hand, to change or cope with the environment’ (WHO 1984)1 . In this sense, health is a comprehensive concept covering different dimensions of well-being and capacities and a personal and social resource necessary for living. Therefore, besides the most ‘proximal’ factors such as the formal health care settings and the most obvious being intrinsic biological characteristics such as age, sex, and genes, health and health inequalities2 depend on a wide range of social determinants3 , including work and employment (Solar and Alec 2010; Link and Phelan 1995; Wilkinson and Marmot 2003). Health, then, is not just a medical issue but a complex social and economic phenomenon and a critical social justice concern (Sen 2002). Although there are other crucial effects of unemployment and precarious work - such as on future careers as well as on economic well-being or fertility choices (e.g. Scherer 2004; 2009; Giesecke 2009; Giesecke and Groß 2003; Modena and Sabatini 2012; Del Bono, Weber, and Winter-Ebmer 2012; Kreyenfeld 2010; for a review on the far-reaching consequences of job loss see Brand 2015) - the effects on health are arguably the most remarkable. This study aims to advance our knowledge about the health consequences that unemployment and precariousness cause over the life course. In particular, I investigate which moderating factors may offset or increase the impact of employment instability and insecurity on individual health. In doing so, I focus on other social determinants of health, namely, gender, the family, and the broader cultural and institutional context." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Dauth, Christine (2021): The effects of private versus public health insurance on health and labor market outcomes. (IAB-Discussion Paper 03/2021), Nürnberg, 31 S.

Abstract

"In Gesundheitssystemen mit gesetzlichen und privaten Krankenversicherungen (so wie beispielsweise in den USA oder in Deutschland), stellt sich die Frage, ob die Art der Krankenversicherung die Arbeitsmarktkarrieren der Versicherten beeinflusst. Wir untersuchen, ob der Wechsel von der gesetzlichen in die private Krankenversicherung bestimmte Gesundheits- und Beschäftigungsvariablen über einen Zeitraum von neun Jahren beeinflusst. Wir nutzen administrative Prozessdaten und verwenden ein Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design um kausale Effekte zu identifizieren. Wir finden keinerlei Hinweise auf einen mittel- oder langfristigen Einfluss der Art der Krankenversicherung auf lange Krankheitsepisoden oder den Arbeitsmarkterfolg von Beschäftigten. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass eine Mitgliedschaft in der privaten Krankenversicherung zwar mit mehr Annehmlichkeiten verbunden ist, aber nicht mit gravierenden Nachteilen bei der Gesundheit oder dem Arbeitsmarkterfolg." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Eibich, Peter, Ricky Kanabar, Alexander Plum & Julian Schmied (2021): In and out of unemployment - labour market transitions and the role of testosterone. (ISER working paper 2021-10), Colchester, 34 S.

Abstract

"Biological processes have provided new insights into diverging labour market trajectories. This paper uses population variation in testosterone levels to explain transition probabilities into and out of unemployment. We examine labour market transitions for 2,004 initially employed and 111 initially unemployed British men from the UK Household Longitudinal Study ("Understanding Society") between 2009 and 2015. We address the endogeneity of testosterone levels by using genetic variation as instrumental variables (Mendelian Randomization). We find that for both initially unemployed men as well as initially employed men, higher testosterone levels reduce the risk of unemployment. Based on previous studies and descriptive evidence, we argue that these effects are likely driven by differences in cognitive and non-cognitive skills as well as job search behaviour of men with higher testosterone levels. Our findings suggest that latent biological processes can affect job search behaviour and labour market outcomes without necessarily relating to illness and disability." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Giaquinto, Annarita Macchioni, Andrew M. Jones, Nigel Rice & Francesca Zantomio (2021): Labour supply and informal care responses to health shocks within couples: evidence from the UKHL. (Working papers / Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Dipartimento di Economia 2021,11), Venezia, 32 S.

Abstract

"Shocks to health have been shown to reduce labour supply for the individual affected. Less is known about household self-insurance through a partner's response to a health shock. Previous studies have presented inconclusive empirical evidence on the existence of a health-related `added worker effect'. We use UK longitudinal data to investigate within households both the labour supply and informal care responses of an individual to the event of an acute health shock to their partner. Relying on the unanticipated timing of shocks, we combine coarsened exact matching and entropy balancing algorithms with parametric analysis and exploit lagged outcomes to remove bias from observed confounders and time-invariant unobservables. We find no evidence of a health-related 'added worker effect'. A significant and sizeable increase in spousal informal care, irrespective of spousal labour market position or household financial status and ability to purchase formal care provision, suggests a substitution to informal care provision, at the expense of time devoted to leisure activities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hollederer, Alfons (Hrsg.) (2021): Gesundheitsförderung bei Arbeitslosen. Frankfurt am Main: Fachhochschulverl., 512 S.

Abstract

"Arbeitslosigkeit und Gesundheit beeinflussen sich gegenseitig. Es ist eine Gemeinschaftsaufgabe, für gleiche Gesundheitschancen aller zu sorgen. Die arbeitsmarktintegrative Gesundheitsförderung zielt sowohl auf die Verbesserung der Gesundheit als auch auf die Arbeitsmarktintegration. In diesem Handbuch für Wissenschaft und Praxis analysieren die Autorinnen und Autoren die Grundlagen der Gesundheitsförderung bei Arbeitslosen und stellen evaluierte Modellprojekte, psychosoziale Trainingsmaßnahmen, Beratungskonzepte und ein beschäftigungsorientiertes Fallmanagement vor. Im Fokus der Beiträge stehen Zielgruppen in Arbeitslosigkeit mit besonderem Förderbedarf und Interventionsansätze in arbeitsmarktnahen Settings, Betrieben und im Gemeinwesen." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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Hollederer, Alfons (2021): Gesundheit und Krankheit von Arbeitslosen sowie Chancen und Grenzen arbeitsmarktintegrativer Gesundheitsförderung. In: A. Hollederer (Hrsg.) (2021): Gesundheitsförderung bei Arbeitslosen, S. 12-35.

Abstract

"Der Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland ist durch eine starke Segmentierung und strukturell bedingte "Sockelarbeitslosigkeit" gekennzeichnet. Im harten Kern befinden sich auch viele Arbeitslose mit gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen. Die wechselseitigen Wirkungen von Arbeitslosigkeit und Gesundheit sind evident. Das Morbiditätsrisiko von Arbeitslosen ist ein einem breiten Krankheitsspektrum im Vergleich zu Beschäftigten deutlich erhöht. Arbeitslose weisen eine höhere Inanspruchnahme gesundheitlicher Leistungen und ein ungünstigeres Gesundheitsverhalten auf. Ihr Erreichungrad durch Präventions- und Gesundheitsförderungsmaßnahmen ist relativ gering. Eine Reihe von Einflussfaktoren moderiert die direkte Wirkung von Arbeitslosigkeit auf den individuellen Gesundheitszustand. Der Bewältigungsprozess der Arbeitslosigkeit steht in Abhängigkeit von individuellen Belastungen und Ressourcen sowie Kompetenzen, Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen, aber auch von makroökonomischen Einflussfaktoren. Die arbeitsmarktintegrative Gesundheitsförderung kann bei diesen verstärkenden oder abmildernden Faktoren ansetzen. Die Ansätze der arbeitsmarktintegrativen Gesundheitsförderung zeigen Effekte auf die Gesundheit und Arbeitsmarktintegration. Sie waren aber bei Arbeitslosen unterschiedlich erfolgreich. Die Analysen weisen auf Entwicklungsbedarf hinsichtlich Zielgruppenspezifierungen, Erreichungsgrad, Evidenbasierung und Sektoren übergreifender Gesundheitsförderungkonzepte hin. Durch die Flexibilisierung am Arbeitsmakt werden die Übergänge zu atypischen Beschäftigung fließend. Die Weiterentwicklung der arbeitsmaktintegrativen Gesundheitsförderung und der Interventionsforschung stellen eine Public Health-Herausforderung dar." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Jahn, Heiko J., Daniel Klein & Alfons Hollederer (2021): Theoretische Grundlagen zum Zusammenhang zwischen Arbeitslosigkeit und psychischer Gesundheit sowie theoretische und methodische Ansätze arbeitsmarkt­integrativer Gesundheitsförderung. In: A. Hollederer (Hrsg.) (2021): Gesundheitsförderung bei Arbeitslosen, S. 77-102.

Abstract

"Arbeitsplatzverlust kann die individuelle Lebenssituation negativ beeinflussen und zu Gesundheitsbeeinträchtigungen führen. Dieser Beitrag gibt eine erste Einführung in wichtige Theorien zu Entstehung von psychischen Beschwerden durch Arbeitslosigkeit (Latent Deprivation Model, Vitamin Model, Agency Restriction Theory, Stressmodelle und das Inkongruenzmodell). Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt liegt auf der darauf aufbauenden Übersicht von Handlungstheorien (mit sozialkognitiven Lerntheorien, Selbstwirksamkeit, Kontrollüberzeugung, Selbstwert, soziale Unterstützung und der Theorie des geplanten Verhaltens). Schließlich werden ausgewählte Methoden und Umsetzungen von psychosozialen Interventionsansätzen und der arbeitsmarktintegrativen Gesundheitsförderung (wie Stressbewältigungstrainings, Motivierende Gesprächsführung und Selbstmanagement) kurz vorgestellt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Kirschner, Wolf (2021): Maßnahmen zur Gesundheitsförderung von Arbeitslosen im Rahmen des SGB V – Möglichkeiten, Grenzen, Verbreitung und Evidenz. In: A. Hollederer (Hrsg.) (2021): Gesundheitsförderung bei Arbeitslosen, S. 103-116.

Abstract

"Die Gesundheitsförderung von Arbeitslosen ist gesundheits- und sozialpolitisch rational. Die bisherige Evidenz zur Wirksamkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit von Interventionen bei Arbeitslosen ist quantitativ und qualitativ aber noch immer dürftig. In Bezug auf mögliche Interventionsansätze lassen sich grundsätzlich angebots- bzw. nachfrageorientierte gegenüber bedarfsorientierten Ansätzen unterscheiden. Beim erstgenannten Ansatz werden Arbeitslosen Kurse nach § 20 SGB V angeboten. Beim bedarfsorientierten Ansatz werden die gesundheitlichen und sozialen Bedarfe der möglichen Teilnehmer durch die Integration medizinischen Personals in den Prozess des Fallmanagements ermittelt. Daraus werden gesundheitsfördernde, aber auch therapeutische oder ggf. auch rehabilitative Maßnahmen abgeleitet, umgesetzt und kontinuierlich überprüft. Rein angebots- bzw. nachfrageorientierte Projekte führen zu einer sehr starken Selektion der Teilnehmer und dürften so insgesamt auch nicht bedarfsgerecht sein. Bedarfsorientierte Ansätze sind komplexer und überschreiten die Gesundheitsförderung nach § 20 SGB V im Sinne eines umfassenden Gesundheitsmanagements. In beiden Ansätzen haben Maßnahmen nach § 20 SGB V jedoch durchaus ihren Platz. Die möglichen Handlungsbereiche und Maßnahmen sind auf dieser Rechtsgrundlage aber inhaltlich und instrumentell sehr begrenzt, so dass bestimmte, z.B. psychosoziale Angebote nicht über § 20 SGB V finanziert werden können. Allein die rechtliche und technische Anpassung der Leistungserbringung und Kostenerstattung in das "setting" der Arbeitsagenturen ist zeitaufwändig und schwierig. Zwei von uns evaluierte multizentrische Projekte der Gesundheitsförderung bei Arbeitslosen zeigen Wirksamkeit. Die Wirtschaftlichkeit wurde nicht abschließend untersucht. Insgesamt halten wir es für bemerkenswert, dass mit den recht einfachen, zeitlich begrenzten und relativ kostengünstigen Instrumenten und Maßnahmen nach § 20 SGB V erhebliche gesundheitliche und soziale Effekte erzielt werden können. Die bisher erzielten Evaluationsergebnisse sprechen unseres Erachtens für eine Fortsetzung von Interventionen und Evaluationen. Leider ist trotz der partiellen Erweiterung der Handlungsspielräume im Rahmen der Reform des Präventionsgesetzes im Jahr 2015 (Leistungen für Arbeitslose nach § 20 a SGB V) und der erheblich angestiegenen Finanzmittel einerseits nur eine überschaubare Ausweitung von Maßnahmen der Gesundheitsförderung bei Arbeitslosen zu konstatieren und andererseits keinerlei Zuwachs an wissenschaftlicher Evidenz hinsichtlich der Wirksamkeit durch gezielte Evaluationen festzustellen. Mit den etablierten Standarddokumentationen im Rahmen der Gesundheitsförderung nach § 20 SGB V durch kurze Teilnehmerbefragungen lässt sich zusätzliche wissenschaftliche Evidenz nicht generieren. Dies ist vor dem Hintergrund der erheblichen Finanzmittel, die im Rahmen des Präventionsgesetzes zur Verfügung stehen, nicht nachvollziehbar und steht im Widerspruch zu den immer wieder vorgetragenen Forderungen nach mehr Evidenz in der Gesundheitsförderung. Der Gesetzgeber und auch die finanzierenden Krankenkassen sollten eigentlich ein starkes Interesse an der Frage haben, ob die eingesetzten Millionenbeträge Wirksamkeit zeigen. Oder handelt es sich am Ende nur um symbolische Politik?" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Kuka, Elira & Bryan A. Stuart (2021): Racial Inequality in Unemployment Insurance Receipt and Take-Up. (NBER working paper 29595), Cambridge, Mass, 29 S. DOI:10.3386/w29595

Abstract

"This paper studies differences in receipt and take-up of unemployment insurance (UI) benefits among white and Black individuals. We combine state-level UI regulations with data containing detailed information on individuals' work history and UI receipt. Black individuals who separate from a job are 24% less likely to receive UI than whites. The UI receipt gap stems primarily from lower take-up of UI benefits among likely eligible individuals, as opposed to differences in benefit eligibility. Statistical decompositions indicate that about one-half of the take-up gap is explained by Black workers' lower pre-unemployment earnings and higher tendency to live in the South." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kupka, Peter, Uta Gühne, Sandra Popp & Steffi G. Riedel-Heller (2021): Für die meisten psychisch kranken Menschen hat Arbeit einen hohen Stellenwert (Serie "Psychisch Erkrankte im SGB II: Situation und Betreuung"). In: IAB-Forum H. 09.09.2021 Nürnberg.

Abstract

"Arbeit und Arbeitslosigkeit haben einen wichtigen Einfluss auf Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden. Dies gilt für Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen ebenso wie für psychisch Gesunde. Eine Studie zur Situation psychisch kranker Menschen zeigt, welche Erfahrungen die Betroffenen mit Arbeit gemacht haben und welche Wünsche und Hoffnungen, aber auch Ängste sie mit einer weiteren Erwerbstätigkeit verbinden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Kupka, Peter, Uta Gühne, Sandra Popp & Steffi G. Riedel-Heller (2021): Hoher Stellenwert von Arbeit für psychisch kranke Menschen. Einfluss auf gesundheitliche und psychische Stabilität. In: Sozialrecht + Praxis, Jg. 31, H. 11, S. 692-697., 2021-10-29.

Abstract

"Arbeit und Arbeitslosigkeit haben einen wichtigen Einfluss auf Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden. Dies gilt für Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen ebenso wie für psychisch Gesunde. Eine Studie zur Situation psychisch kranker Menschen zeigt, welche Erfahrungen die Betroffenen mit Arbeit gemacht haben und welche Wünsche und Hoffnungen, aber auch Ängste sie mit einer weiteren Erwerbstätigkeit verbinden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Nikolova, Milena & Boris N. Nikolaev (2021): Family matters: The effects of parental unemployment in early childhood and adolescence on subjective well-being later in life. In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Jg. 181, S. 312-331. DOI:10.1016/j.jebo.2018.05.005

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Otto, Kathleen, Gisela Mohr & Tabea Scheel (2021): Eine qualitative Analyse ausgewählter Programme zur Förderung der psychosozialen Gesundheit Langzeiterwerbsloser. In: A. Hollederer (Hrsg.) (2021): Gesundheitsförderung bei Arbeitslosen, S. 146-170.

Abstract

"Im folgenden Beitrag wird ein vergleichender Überblick über ausgewählte Programme zur Förderung der psychosozialen Gesundheit von Langzeiterwerbslosen gegeben. Zunächst wird die besondere Situation Langzeiterwerbsloser skizziert, insbesondere im Hinblick auf das Risiko des Kompetenzverlustes und selbstwertschädigender Misserfolgserfahrungen. Anschließend werden die Ergebnisse von Evaluationsstudien dargestellt. Als Erfolgskriterien der Maßnahmen lassen sich die Wiedervermittlungsquote und der Aufbau psychischer Ressourcen heranziehen. Die qualitative Analyse ergibt, dass sich durch die Teilnahme an Interventionsprogrammen sowohl die Wiedervermittlungsquote als auch die psychische Gesundheit der Teilnehmer/innen verbessern lässt. Nur wenige Effekte erweisen sich jedoch als stabil über einen längeren Zeitraum hinweg. Es werden abschließend Handlungsempfehlungen für die Arbeit mit Langzeiterwerbslosen gegeben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Paul, Karsten I. & Klaus Moser (2021): Metaanalytische Moderatoranalysen zu den psychischen Auswirkungen der Arbeitslosigkeit – Ein Überblick. In: A. Hollederer (Hrsg.) (2021): Gesundheitsförderung bei Arbeitslosen, S. 36-57.

Abstract

"Es wird ein Überblick über die Forschung zu den Moderatoren der negativen Auswirkungen von Arbeitslosigkeit auf die psychische Gesundheit gegeben. Dabei werden die wesentlichen Ergebnisse der drei bisher existierenden Metaanalysen zu der Thematik dargestellt, miteinander verglichen und hinsichtlich ihrer Evidenzstärke bewertet. Klare Nachweise einer Moderatorwirkung konnten bisher für das Geschlecht, den sozioökonomischen Status, die Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit, das ökonimische Entwicklungsniveau des Landes, in dem die Untersuchung durchgeführt wurde, die Gleichheit bzw. Ungleichheit der Einkommensverteilung im Land sowie die Großzügigkeit des Arbeitslosenunterstützungssystems erbracht werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Piper, Alan, David G. Blanchflower & Alex Bryson (2021): Does Pain Lead to Job Loss? A Panel Study for Germany. (Quantitative Social Science working paper / UCL Social Research Institute 2021-19), London, 25 S.

Abstract

"The cross-sectional association between pain and unemployment is well-established. But the absence of panel data containing data on pain and labor market status has meant less is known about the direction of any causal linkage. Those longitudinal studies that do examine the link between pain and subsequent labor market transitions suggest results are sensitive to the measurement of pain and model specification We contribute to this literature using large-scale panel data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) for the period 2002 to 2018. We show that pain leads to job loss. Workers suffering pain are more likely than others to leave their job for unemployment or economic inactivity. This probability rises with the frequency of the pain suffered in the previous month. The effect persists having accounted for fixed unobserved differences across workers, is apparent among those who otherwise report good general health and is robust to the inclusion of controls for mental health, life satisfaction and the employee’s occupation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Raftopoulou, Athina & Nicholas Giannakopoulos (2021): Unemployment and health: a panel event study. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 981), Essen, 13 S.

Abstract

"Adopting a panel event study framework, we estimate the effect of unemployment on health outcomes by exploiting the variation in the timing of entering unemployment using longitudinal data for Greece. We find, that in the periods ahead of an unemployment event, health outcomes decline and unmet needs for medical care increase. These findings are valid only for men and are robust to alternative definitions of health outcomes, unemployment events and model specifications." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Schmidtke, Julia, Clemens Hetschko, Ronnie Schöb, Gesine Stephan, Michael Eid & Mario Lawes (2021): The Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health and Subjective Wellbeing of Workers: An Event Study Based on High-Frequency Panel Data. (IAB-Discussion Paper 13/2021), Nürnberg, 81 S.

Abstract

"Der Beitrag untersucht die Auswirkungen der Covid-19-Pandemie und zweier Lockdowns auf die psychische Gesundheit und das subjektive Wohlbefinden von Beschäftigten in Deutschland. Hierzu wird mit Daten eines monatlichen Panels von Individualdaten von Dezember 2018 bis Dezember 2020 ein Event-Study-Design mit individualspezifischen Fixeffekten geschätzt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die erste und die zweite Welle der Pandemie die psychische Gesundheit von Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmern erheblich reduziert hat. Auch das momentane Glücksempfinden und die Lebenszufriedenheit nehmen als Reaktion auf Covid-19 ab, jedoch in geringerem Maße. Dabei ist zwischen den Wellen der Pandemie Adaption zu beobachten. Dies gilt in geringerem Maße für Indikatoren des Wohlbefindens in bestimmten Lebensbereichen, wie die Zufriedenheit mit der Arbeit und mit der Freizeit, die ebenfalls negativ beeinflusst werden. Frauen scheinen keine größeren Verluste an Wohlbefinden zu erleiden als Männer. Beschäftigte in Kurzarbeit sind jedoch besonders stark betroffen. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass größere Sorgen in Bezug auf die Zukunft und eingeschränkte persönliche Freiheiten zu den Treibern für die Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf das Wohlbefinden gehören." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Schmidtke, Julia, Clemens Hetschko, Ronnie Schöb, Gesine Stephan, Michael Eid & Mario Lawes (2021): The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health and Subjective Well-Being of Workers: An Event Study Based on High-Frequency Panel Data. (IZA discussion paper 14638), Bonn, 37 S.

Abstract

"Using individual monthly panel data from December 2018 to December 2020, we estimate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and two lockdowns on the mental health and subjective well-being of German workers. Employing an event-study design using individual-specific fixed effects, we find that the first and the second wave of the pandemic reduced workers’ mental health substantially. Momentary happiness and life satisfaction also decline in response to Covid-19, but to a smaller extent. We observe adaptation in our study outcomes between waves of the pandemic. This applies to a lesser extent to indicators of well-being in certain areas of life, such as satisfaction with the job and with leisure, which are negatively affected, too. Women do not seem to suffer greater well-being losses than men. However, workers in the German short-time work scheme are particularly negatively affected. Our results imply that increased anxiety about the future and restricted personal freedoms are among the drivers of the well-being impact of the pandemic." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Seiler, Kai (2021): Die Bedeutung von Beschäftigungsfähigkeit für die arbeitsmarktintegrative Gesundheitsförderung. In: A. Hollederer (Hrsg.) (2021): Gesundheitsförderung bei Arbeitslosen, S. 58-76.

Abstract

"Der Erhalt und die Förderung von Beschäftigungsfähigkeit ist im Zusammenhang mit arbeitsmarktbezogenen Konzepten in den letzten Jahren ein prominenter, aber auch äußerst facettenreicher Begriff geworden. Vielfach wird dabei ein funktionales Verständnis im Sinne der optimalen Anpassung von erwerbsfähigen Personen an Rahmenbedingungen des Arbeitsmarktes zugrunde gelegt. Diese Betrachtung wird dem komplexen Geschehen jedoch nicht gerecht - vor allem vor dem Hintergrund der Dynamik in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft sowie teils damit verbundenen Brüchen in Berufsbildung- und Erwerbsbiografien. Die Förderung von Gesundheit sowie der Zugang zu Versorgungsstrukturen des Gesundheitswesens sind dabei eine basale Voraussetzung für ein dauerhaftes Tätigsein-Können im Beruf sowie für Integrationsprozesse in den Arbeitsmarkt. Bei etwaigen Maßnahmen hierzu sollte deswegen ein umfassender Begriff von Beschäftigungsfähigkeit herangezogen werden. Die Förderung und der Erhalt der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit ist sowohl eine gesellschaftliche, unternehmensbezogene als auch eine individuelle Aufgabe und als solche prinzipiell gestaltbar. Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im hier verstandenen Sinne dürfte ein hilfreicherer und nachhaltigerer Indikator für den Erfolg arbeitsmarktintegrativer Maßnahmen sein, als die reine Erfassung des Gesundheitsstatus oder der Vermittlungsquote." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Vaalavuo, Maria & Boris Bakkum (2021): Mental Health Problems at a Critical Juncture: Exit from Social Assistance among Young Finns. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 50, H. 4, S. 764-787. DOI:10.1017/S0047279420000501

Abstract

"Reducing social assistance dependency is high on the political agenda; labour market and social exclusion of youth, in particular, has been considered worrisome. With these policy objectives and societal considerations in mind we set to study the association between health problems, with a specific focus on mental health, and the duration of social assistance receipt among young adults in Finland. Our analyses are based on rich register data encompassing the total population in the metropolitan area of Finland from 2005 to 2016. We follow a cohort of new social assistance recipients (n=36,728) aged 18–34 for a maximum of 60 months using Cox proportional hazard model. The results show a strong association between mental health problems and duration of social assistance receipt. The association was the strongest among those aged 18–24. Some differences in the strength of the association were found for different psychiatric diagnoses. On the other hand, somatic diagnoses were only weakly associated with duration of social assistance receipt. Mental health problems appear to be an important obstacle for exiting social assistance and this should be taken into account when governments aim to decrease welfare dependency and reform the last-resort financial aid." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Wahrendorf, Morten, Christoph J. Rupprecht, Olga Dortmann, Maria Scheider & Nico Dragano (2021): Erhöhtes Risiko eines COVID-19-bedingten Krankenhausaufenthaltes für Arbeitslose: Eine Analyse von Krankenkassendaten von 1,28 Mio. Versicherten in Deutschland. In: Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz, Jg. 64, H. 3, S. 314-321. DOI:10.1007/s00103-021-03280-6

Abstract

"Arbeitslosigkeit steht in Zusammenhang mit Armut und ist ein Risikofaktor für schlechte Gesundheit. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht, ob Arbeitslosigkeit das Risiko für einen COVID-19-bedingten Krankenhausaufenthalt für Männer und Frauen im erwerbsfähigen Alter in Deutschland erhöht." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag)

Zitatform

Wang, Senhu, Adam Coutts, Brendan Burchell, Daiga Kamerade & Ursula Balderson (2021): Can Active Labour Market Programmes Emulate the Mental Health Benefits of Regular Paid Employment? Longitudinal Evidence from the United Kingdom. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 35, H. 3, S. 545-565. DOI:10.1177/0950017020946664

Abstract

"Active Labour Market Programmes (ALMPs), which form important components of employment support policies around the world, have been found to improve mental health and wellbeing of participants. However, it remains unclear how these health effects compare with the effects of different types of employment for men and women. Using 1991?2019 panel data in the UK, we find that unemployed women derive similar mental health benefits from ALMPs compared with employment. Unemployed men also benefit from ALMPs but obtain significantly more health benefits from formal employment. Such benefits are particularly pronounced in full-time, permanent and upper/middle-status jobs. Further analyses reveal that programmes that deliver human capital training have larger mental health benefits than employment assistance ALMPs. These findings provide a more nuanced understanding of the mental health impacts of ALMPs compared with different types of employment, and highlight the need for a more gender-sensitive design in labour market interventions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Williams, Evan (2021): Unemployment, sanctions and mental health: the relationship between benefit sanctions and antidepressant prescribing. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 50, H. 1, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1017/S0047279419000783

Abstract

"International social security systems increasingly place work-related conditions on individuals claiming out-of-work benefits, and enforce requirements through the use of benefit sanctions. The literature on the impacts of benefit sanctions considers both labour market and wider social effects, which this study contributes to through a focus on mental health. It considers the period of Coalition government (2010–15) in the UK, which imposed a comparatively high number of benefit sanctions and increased their severity through the Welfare Reform Act 2012. A longitudinal dataset is constructed using quarterly local authority-level data on Jobseeker's Allowance (JSA) sanctions and antidepressant prescriptions in England. Results from fixed effects analyses indicate that, in the post-reform period, every 10 additional sanctions are associated with 4.57 additional antidepressant prescribing items (95% CI: 2.14 to 6.99), which translates to approximately one additional person receiving treatment. Importantly, this finding indicates that sanctions are associated with both adverse mental health impacts and wider public expenditure implications, which motivates further investigation at the individual-level. In addition, punitive sanctions form a core part of the new Universal Credit (UC) and so the results suggest the need to reassess the use of sanctions within the contemporary social security system." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Williams, Evan (2021): Punitive welfare reform and claimant mental health: The impact of benefit sanctions on anxiety and depression. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 55, H. 1, S. 157-172. DOI:10.1111/spol.12628

Abstract

"Internationally, policymakers assume that sanctioning claimants of unemployment benefits will engender both improved employment outcomes and wider positive effects. A growing evidence-base challenges these expectations, though additional insight is needed from large-scale longitudinal research. This article contributes by conducting a quantitative investigation into the mental health impacts of benefit sanctions. To do so, it focuses on a recent period in UK sanctions policy in which rates of sanctions varied markedly and their length was substantially increased. Using quarterly panel data for local authorities in England (Q3 2010-Q4 2014) and fixed effects models that control for important confounders, the analysis provides robust evidence that Jobseeker's Allowance (JSA) sanctions lead to increases in self-reported anxiety and depression. Evidence of this adverse impact is particularly clear following the increase in the length of sanctions in October 2012. The results have important implications for contemporary social security policy, which is underpinned by a similarly punitive sanctions regime. Whilst additional individual-level research is needed to fully consider the causal relationships in operation, the findings support a precautionary approach that should seek to minimise the harm associated with sanctions. This implies taking steps to reduce both the severity and frequency of applied sanctions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

Zitatform

Blanchflower, David G. & Alex Bryson (2020): Unemployment Disrupts Sleep. (NBER working paper 27814), Cambridge, MA, 28 S.

Abstract

"Although there is a substantial literature indicating that unemployment and joblessness have profound adverse impacts on individuals' health and wellbeing, there is relatively little evidence of their impact on sleep. Using data for over 3.5 million individuals in the United States over the period 2006-2019 from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey series we show sleep disruption patterns that vary by labor market status. We look at sleep measured by hours in a day and days in a month and whether sleep is disturbed over a fortnight, as indicated by problems falling or staying asleep or staying asleep too much. We find the short-term unemployed suffer more short and long sleep than the employed and are more likely to suffer from disturbed sleep. These problems are greater still for the long-term unemployed and for the jobless who say they are unable to work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Gühne, Uta & Steffi G. Riedel-Heller (2020): Welche Rolle spielt die berufliche Wiedereingliederung bei der Behandlung psychisch kranker Menschen? (Serie "Psychisch Erkrankte im SGB II: Situation und Betreuung"). In: IAB-Forum H. 11.12.2020 Nürnberg, o. Sz., 2020-12-08.

Abstract

"Die Behandlung von psychisch erkrankten Menschen beinhaltet auch psychosoziale Ansätze, die Bereiche wie Wohnen und Arbeit einschließen. Berufliche Wiedereingliederung sollte daher auch Ziel einer erfolgreichen Behandlung sein. Welchen Stellenwert hat das Thema Arbeit im Behandlungsprozess und wie werden psychisch erkrankte Menschen bei der Wiedererlangung ihrer Arbeitsfähigkeit unterstützt?" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Hetschko, Clemens, Julia Schmidtke, Michael Eid, Mario Lawes, Ronnie Schöb & Gesine Stephan (2020): The German job search panel. (OSF preprints), 2020-04-23. DOI:10.31219/osf.io/7jazr

Abstract

"This report introduces the German Job Search Panel, a longitudinal survey that follows people who register as job seeking over the course of up to two years. The focus of the survey is on job seekers’ well-being and health. An innovative survey app is used to allow for frequent measurement every month and for conducting the experience sampling method. The collected data may be linked to administrative records of the Federal Employment Agency, provided that people give their consent. A subsample of surveyed job seekers took part in hair sampling to measure their cortisol levels. In this report, we describe the sampling procedure, adjustments over the recruitment period and the collected data. We moreover examine selective participation in the panel. It turns out that high-skilled workers, young individuals and women were more likely to sign up. Age increases the probability to take part in the hair sampling. People working in East Germany were more likely to consent to the linkage of survey data and administrative records." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Hollederer, Alfons (2020): Arbeitslosigkeit und Gesundheit als politikfeldübergreifende Herausforderung. In: Public-Health-Forum, Jg. 28, H. 3, S. 198-201. DOI:10.1515/pubhef-2020-0037

Abstract

"In Folge der Corona-Pandemie droht eine weltweite Rezession mit steigender Arbeitslosigkeit. Der Bedarf an Gesundheitsförderung für Arbeitslose leitet sich aufgrund der Wechselbeziehungen von Arbeitslosigkeit und Gesundheit ab. Darauf zielt der Interventionsansatz von JOBS Program, das erstmalig in Deutschland etabliert wird. In der Kooperation von Gesundheitsförderung und Arbeitsförderung liegt eine Handlungsstrategie, um diese gesamtgesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen besser zu bewältigen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Krug, Gerhard & Sebastian Prechsl (2020): The role of social integration in the adverse effect of unemployment on mental health. Testing the causal pathway and buffering hypotheses using panel data. In: Social science research, Jg. 86, 2019-10-31. DOI:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.102379

Abstract

"Social integration is considered crucially important for understanding the adverse effect of unemployment on mental health. Social integration is assumed to either bring about the health effects of unemployment (causal pathway hypothesis) or shield the unemployed from such effects (buffering hypothesis). However, there is scarce empirical evidence, especially based on panel data, regarding these two hypotheses. In our analysis, we use up to ten waves of the 'Labour Market and Social Security' (PASS) German panel study and apply fixed effects panel regressions to account for unobserved confounders. We test several indicators that cover different aspects of social integration (numbers of strong and weak ties, conflict in the household, employed friends, general and job search-specific social support). We find no empirical support for the causal pathway hypothesis and only very limited support for the buffering hypothesis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Nørup, Iben (2020): Social marginalization and chronic illness. A critical analysis of the role of labour-market exclusion. In: Acta sociologica, Jg. 63, H. 2, S. 173-190. DOI:10.1177/0001699318821429

Abstract

"Since the 1990s, most European countries have implemented activation policies targeting the unemployed. During the past decade, the target group for activation policies expanded and currently also includes persons with limitations in their ability to work due to long-term or chronic illness and disabilities. The argument underlying these policies is that labour-market exclusion is the main cause for social marginalization because participation in paid work provides important social and psychological functions that cannot be found elsewhere. Based on an extensive set of quantitative data that combines register data and survey data, and using structural equation modelling, this paper analyses the relationship between chronic illness and social marginalization, and in particular which role labour-market exclusion plays in this relationship. Is labour-market exclusion a crucial factor in explaining why individuals with chronic illnesses face a higher risk of social marginalization if factors such as income and education are also taken into account? From the statistical results, the paper states that individuals with chronic illnesses face a far higher risk of social marginalization, but that this risk is caused by their health limitations and not by their lack of labour-market participation. Contrary to the policies' logic and the theoretical argument of psycho-social theories originating from the deprivation perspective, no direct, indirect or mediating effects of labour-market exclusion on social marginalization were identified." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Oschmiansky, Frank & Sandra Popp (2020): Psychische Probleme von Menschen im SGB II: Was Fachkräfte im Jobcenter tun, um diese zu erkennen. In: IAB-Forum H. 14.09.2020 Nürnberg, o. Sz.

Abstract

"Den Fachkräften in den Jobcentern fällt es oft schwer, psychische Erkrankungen ihrer Kundinnen und Kunden zu erkennen und ihre Beratung entsprechend anzupassen – zumal bislang entsprechende Handlungsleitfäden fehlen. Dies erweist sich insbesondere dann als Problem, wenn es den Betroffenen an Einsicht in ihre Krankheit mangelt. Dennoch gibt es einige Ansätze, um möglichen psychischen Problemen besser auf den Grund zu gehen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Bellwinkel, Michael, Karin Schreiner-Kürten & Kathrin Melzer (2019): Verzahnung von Arbeits- und Gesundheitsförderung im Setting. Ergebnisse des Modellprojekts von Bundesagentur für Arbeit und GKV-Spitzenverband. In: Das Gesundheitswesen, Jg. 81, H. 1, S. 43-49. DOI:10.1055/s-0036-1597244

Abstract

"Ziel
Die Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) und die Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung (GKV) haben die Verzahnung von Arbeits- und Gesundheitsförderung erprobt, um durch ein gemeinsames Vorgehen Erwerbslose mit Präventionsangeboten zu erreichen und ihre Beschäftigungsfähigkeit zu erhalten bzw. zu verbessern.
Methodik
Die Erwerbslosen wurden in motivierenden Gesundheitsgesprächen für ihre Gesundheit sensibilisiert und auf freiwilliger Basis zu Gesundheitsförderungsangeboten der Krankenkassen vermittelt. Erprobt wurden im Rahmen des Settingansatzes Kommune 3 Ansprache-Varianten, bei denen die Beratung durch die Integrationsfachkräfte der Jobcenter, beauftragte Bildungsträger oder die BA-eigenen Fachdienste erfolgte. Dreh- und Angelpunkt waren die Steuerungsgruppen an den 6 Modellstandorten aus Vertretern des Jobcenters und der Krankenkassen sowie weiteren kommunalen Akteuren.
Ergebnisse
Die 3 Ansprachevarianten sowie die durchgeführten Angebote waren durchweg erfolgreich: Die Erwerbslosen nahmen das Beratungsangebot der Jobcenter an; die spezifisch auf Erwerbslose ausgerichteten Präventionsangebote der Krankenkassen haben deutliche Erfolge vor allem bei der Stressreduktion und damit auch beim Erhalt der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit gezeigt.
Schlussfolgerung
Durch die Aufnahme wesentlicher Elemente dieses Ansatzes in die Bundesrahmenempfehlungen der Nationalen Präventionskonferenz vom 19.02.2016 ist die Basis für eine Weiterentwicklung und Verbreitung geschaffen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Craciun, Irina Catrinel, Uwe Flick, Sarah Rasche & Andreas Hirseland (2019): Too old to work: Views on reemployment in older unemployed immigrants in Germany. In: Ageing international, Jg. 44, H. 3, S. 234-249., 2018-06-04. DOI:10.1007/s12126-018-9328-8

Abstract

"Despite active aging discourses and labor force integration goals, unemployment and dependency on welfare institutions among older workers still prevails, especially among vulnerable groups like immigrants or women. However, little is known about how older immigrants understand or cope with unemployment. The present study investigates the interplay between age, gender and immigrant status in making sense of unemployment and reemployment barriers. Episodic interviews were conducted with 12 Russian-speaking and 12 Turkish unemployed immigrants living in Germany. Older unemployed immigrants perceived age as an important barrier for reemployment and used old age to make sense of their unemployment, setting the stage for the internalization of negative age stereotypes. Gender norms may be less important than age perceptions in the context of unemployment. Different intervention alternatives are discussed in relation to the immigrant unemployed aging groups studied." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

Zitatform

Davis, Owen (2019): What is the relationship between benefit conditionality and mental health? Evidence from the United States on TANF policies. In: Journal of social policy, Jg. 48, H. 2, S. 249-269. DOI:10.1017/S0047279418000363

Abstract

"This article provides new evidence on the relationship between benefit conditionality and mental health. Using data on Temporary Assistance for Needy Families policies (TANF) - the main form of poverty relief in the United States - it explores whether the mental health of low-educated single mothers varies according to the stringency of conditionality requirements attached to receipt of benefit. Specifically, the article combines state-level data on sanctioning practices, work requirements and welfare-to-work spending with health data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and evaluates the impact of conditionality on mental health over a fifteen-year period (2000 to 2015). It finds that states that have harsher sanctions, stricter job search requirements and higher expenditure on welfare-to-work policies, have worse mental health among low-educated single mothers. There is also evidence that between-wave increases in the stringency of conditionality requirements are associated with deteriorations in mental health among the recipient population. It is suggested that these findings may reflect an overall effect of 'intensive conditionality', rather than of the individual variables per se. The article ends by considering the wider implications for policy and research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Everding, Jakob & Jan Marcus (2019): The effect of unemployment on the smoking behavior of couples. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 1037), Berlin, 31 S.

Abstract

"Although unemployment likely entails various externalities, research examining its spillover effects on spouses is scarce. This is the first paper to estimate effects of unemployment on the smoking behavior of both spouses. Using German Socio-Economic Panel data, we combine matching and difference-in-differences estimation, employing the post-double-selection method for control-variable selection via Lasso regressions. One spouse's unemployment increases both spouses' smoking probability and intensity. Smoking relapses and decreased smoking cessation drive the effects. Effects are stronger if the partner already smokes and if the male partner becomes unemployed. Of several mechanisms discussed, we identify smoking to cope with stress as relevant." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Hansford, Lorraine, Felicity Thomas & Katrina Wyatt (2019): The impact of the work capability assessment on mental health. Claimants' lived experiences and GP perspectives in low-income communities. In: The journal of poverty and social justice, Jg. 27, H. 3, S. 351-368. DOI:10.1332/175982719X15637716050550

Abstract

"This paper examines the impact of increased welfare conditionality on people with mental health issues claiming benefits in the UK. Drawing on data from the DeStress study, this paper explores the lived experience of welfare claimants in low-income communities, and the perspectives of GPs seeking to support them. Particular focus is placed on people's experience of the Work Capability Assessment, the tool used to determine welfare claimants' entitlement to sickness benefit, and how the narratives and culture surrounding welfare reform and the actual assessment itself can have a negative impact on mental health and wellbeing." (Author's abstract, © 2019 Policy Press) ((en))

Zitatform

Hollederer, Alfons (2019): Health promotion and prevention among the unemployed. A systematic review. In: Health Promotion International, Jg. 34, H. 6, S. 1078-1096. DOI:10.1093/heapro/day069

Abstract

"The interactions between unemployment and health create a need for specific interventions for health promotion and prevention. This overview provides information on how health promotion for the unemployed has been approached with an analysis of controlled intervention studies between 1996 and 2016. The literature search consulted 11 international databases in medicine, social sciences and psychology. A total of 30 health interventions for the unemployed were identified, with 43 articles that included the effects of intervention. A controlled-study design was used in 14 studies. The health promotion measures were generally based on individual counselling, case management, training or group services. The overview demonstrates the breadth of variation in target groups and types of measures. Their result indicators for health and integration into the labor market vary substantially, as do the employment promotion effects. There is evidence of improved health and labor market integration for established approaches like the JOBS Program and JobFit. Effects are rather moderate or low in magnitude and the effect mechanisms often remain unclear. Effects weaken over time. While success is more common in the areas of health, physical activity, nutrition and stress relief, there was no impact on smoking behavior. A significant evolution can be observed in the quality and quantity of health promotion for the unemployed over time. There is a need for further research on the effectiveness and sustainability of interventions. Intervention strategies should be developed that take account of the diversity of the unemployed and their different needs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Krug, Gerhard & Sebastian Prechsl (2019): The role of social relationships in the adverse effect of unemployment on mental health - Testing the causal pathway and buffering hypotheses using panel data. (SocArXiv Papers), 35 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/syzvp

Abstract

"Social relationships are considered crucially important for understanding the adverse effect of unemployment on mental health. Social relationships are assumed to either bring about the health effects of unemployment (causal path way hypothesis) or shield the unemployed from such effects (buffering hypothesis). However, there is scarce empirical evidence, especially based on longitudinal data, regarding these two hypotheses. In our analysis, we use up to ten waves of the 'Labour Market and Social Security' (PASS) German panel study and apply fixed effects panel regressions to account for unobserved confounders. We test several indicators that cover different aspects of social relationships ( number of strong and weak ties, conflict in the household, employed friends, general and job search - specific social support ) . We find no empirical support for the causal pathway hypothesis and only very limited support for the buffering hypothesis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Krug, Gerhard, Stefan Brandt, Markus Gamper, André Knabe & Andreas Klärner (2019): Arbeitslosigkeit, soziale Netzwerke und gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten. In: A. Klärner, M. Gamper, S. Keim, I. Moor, H. von d. Lippe & N. Vonneilich (Hrsg.) (2019): Soziale Netzwerke und gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten : Eine neue Perspektive für die Forschung, Wiesbaden, Springer VS S. 309-328, 2019-01-31. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-21659-7_13

Abstract

"Für die Betroffenen kann Arbeitslosigkeit mit einer Verschlechterung der physischen, vor allem aber auch der psychischen Gesundheit einhergehen. Dabei wird debattiert, inwiefern Arbeitslosigkeit hierbei auch ursächlich für einen schlechten Gesundheitszustand verantwortlich ist. Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage sind zum einen Forschungsdesigns nötig, die für Kausalanalysen besonders gut geeignet sind. Hier lässt sich in den quantitativen Analysen der letzten Jahre ein deutlicher Fortschritt beobachten, etwa die häufigere Verwendung von Längsschnittdaten und die Anwendung statistischer Verfahren zur Kontrolle unbeobachtbarer Drittvariablen. Zum anderen braucht es allerdings auch Analysen der kausalen Mechanismen, durch die Arbeitslosigkeit gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigungen hervorbringt. Einer dieser hypothetischen Mechanismen basiert auf der Vorstellung, dass soziale Netzwerke eine hohe Relevanz für gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten haben. In dem Maße, wie sich dieser Mechanismus nicht nur theoretisch explizieren, sondern auch empirisch bestätigen lässt, dient die Forschung hierzu auch als Beitrag zur übergeordneten Diskussion um den kausalen Einfluss der Arbeitslosigkeit im Unterschied zu Selektionseffekten." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Lietzmann, Torsten, Philipp Ramos Lobato, Mark Trappmann & Stefanie Unger (2019): Leistungsberechtigte mit gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen: Nicht jeder ist erwerbsfähig (Serie "Zukunft der Grundsicherung"). In: IAB-Forum H. 18.09.2019, o. Sz., 2019-09-12.

Abstract

"Erwerbsfähigkeit ist eine der Voraussetzungen, um Leistungen der Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende beziehen zu können. Im Vergleich zu den Regelungen anderer europäischer Länder wird dabei hierzulande eine weite Definition zugrunde gelegt. Dadurch befinden sich unter den Leistungsberechtigten nicht wenige Personen, die formal als erwerbsfähig gelten, dies faktisch aber aus gesundheitlichen Gründen nicht - oder allenfalls nur sehr eingeschränkt - sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Ponomarenko, Valentina, Anja K. Leist & Louis Chauvel (2019): Increases in wellbeing in the transition to retirement for the unemployed. Catching up with formerly employed persons. In: Ageing and society, Jg. 39, H. 2, S. 254-276. DOI:10.1017/S0144686X17000976

Abstract

"This paper examines the extent to which wellbeing levels change in the transition to retirement depending on transitioning from being employed, unemployed or economically inactive. Whereas transitioning from employment to unemployment has been found to cause a decrease in subjective wellbeing with more time spent in unemployment, it is not clear how transitioning from unemployment to retirement affects wellbeing levels. We use the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe to monitor the life satisfaction of respondents who retire in between two waves. We portray wellbeing scores before and after retirement and then identify the change in life satisfaction during the retirement transition using a First Difference model. Results indicate that being unemployed before retirement is associated with an increase in life satisfaction, but presents mainly a catching-up effect compared to employed persons transitioning to retirement. These results are still significant if we control for selection into unemployment and country differences. Retirement from labour market inactivity does not lead to significant changes in wellbeing. As the wellbeing of unemployed persons recovers after transitioning to retirement, especially the currently unemployed population should be supported to prevent detrimental consequences of economically unfavourable conditions and lower wellbeing." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Sage, Daniel (2019): Unemployment, wellbeing and the power of the work ethic. Implications for social policy. In: Critical social policy, Jg. 39, H. 2, S. 205-228. DOI:10.1177/0261018318780910

Abstract

"Unemployment is associated with a range of health and social problems, such as poor physical health and wellbeing. Welfare state research has recently considered how social policies can ameliorate the harmful effects of unemployment. This article argues that such policy suggestions disregard the role of the work ethic in shaping the experience of unemployment. In societies that glorify employment as a signifier of identity and status, it is unsurprising that those without employment suffer. Previous research supports this view, showing how subscription to the work ethic is associated with wellbeing amongst unemployed people. Original analysis of the European Values Study confirms the importance of the work ethic, showing how unemployed people with weaker work ethics have significantly higher life satisfaction than those with stronger work ethics. The article concludes that the most effective way of dealing with the deleterious effects of unemployment is to challenge the centrality of employment in contemporary societies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Shahidi, Faraz Vahid, Carles Muntaner, Ketan Shankardass, Carlos Quiñonez & Arjumand Siddiqi (2019): The effect of unemployment benefits on health: A propensity score analysis. In: Social science & medicine, Jg. 226, H. April, S. 198-206. DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.02.047

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Thielemans, Gert & Dimitri Mortelmans (2019): Female labour force participation after divorce. How employment histories matter. In: Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Jg. 40, H. 2, S. 180-193. DOI:10.1007/s10834-018-9600-9

Abstract

"This article focuses on the labour market decisions of divorced women, surrounding the time of the factual separation. We build on earlier research, but explicitly distinguish between homemakers and unemployed women. Using retrospective data gathered from a sample of 1251 Flemish women from the Divorce in Flanders project (DiF 2009 - 2010), we performed anticipation-controlled event-history analysis to estimate the probability of an employment increase around the time of separation. We find that: (a) women were twice as likely to increase their employment for a short period of time after the separation, (b) there was an increasingly negative relationship between employment intensity at the time of separation and the probability of increasing employment immediately afterwards, and (c) observed differences between homemakers and unemployed women were likely due to compositional differences at the time of separation." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Voßemer, Jonas, Bettina Schuck & Stefanie Heyne (2019): The economic and non-economic consequences of job loss, unemployment, and inadequate re-employment in Germany and Europe. Bamberg, 328 S. DOI:10.20378/irbo-54547

Abstract

"Job loss and unemployment are major social problems in modern market economies. Understanding their consequences is of key concern to the social sciences. Against this background, this cumulative thesis examines the economic and non-economic consequences of job loss, unemployment, and inadequate re-employment in Germany and Europe. In addition to five articles, it contains an overview article which motivates the research questions, reviews the state of research and highlights the contributions of this thesis, develops a general theoretical model, presents the research designs, and summarizes the main findings before drawing conclusions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Wolf, Tobias, Maria Metzing & Richard E. Lucas (2019): Experienced well-being and labor market status: The role of pleasure and meaning. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 1043), Berlin, 28 S.

Abstract

"This paper examines experienced well-being of employed and unemployed workers. We use the survey-adapted day reconstruction method (DRM) of the Innovation Sample of the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP-IS) to analyze the role of the employment status for well-being, incorporating complete time use. Summarizing the average share of pleasurable minutes, we generate the P-index. We show that - in contrast to evaluative life satisfaction - the average unemployed experiences more pleasurable minutes due to the absence of working episodes. Hence, we examine working episodes in depth. While working is among the activities with the highest propensities for an unpleasant experience, it is also among the most meaningful activities. We show that meaning is a central nonmonetary determinant for a pleasurable work episode and find that pleasure during work and job satisfaction in general have the same association with meaning." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Zechmann, Andrea & Karsten Ingmar Paul (2019): Why do individuals suffer during unemployment? Analyzing the role of deprived psychological needs in a six-wave longitudinal study. In: Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Jg. 24, H. 6, S. 641–661. DOI:10.1037/ocp0000154

Abstract

"This 6-wave study addresses the psychological meaning of employment by examining the psychological need mechanisms predicting psychological distress during unemployment and reemployment. According to the deprivation model, unemployed people suffer, as unemployment deprives them of the latent functions of employment (i.e., time structure, social contact, status, activity, and collective purpose), which reflect psychological needs that are important for mental health. We tested whether the latent functions of employment, the manifest function of employment (i.e., one’s financial situation), and the additional psychological need functions of competence and autonomy mediate the associations between unemployment and distress. At Time 1, N = 1,061 participants, who were either unemployed or lost their jobs during the course of the study, took part. At Time 6, after two and a half years, 45.4% of the respondents were employed. Multilevel mediation analyses showed that reemployment predicted gains in each of the original latent and manifest functions, which, in turn, predicted reductions of distress. Collective purpose was found to be the most important latent function. The findings endorse the validity and robustness of the deprivation model. Additionally, they demonstrate that the neglected psychological need function of competence (but not autonomy) also is a latent function of employment that should be incorporated into the deprivation model. Contrary to the predictions of the deprivation model, we found that poverty also plays an important role for the distress associated with unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Althoff, Jörg, Silke Anger, Frank Bauer, Mario Bossler, Kerstin Bruckmeier, Herbert Brücker, Hans Dietrich, Sandra Dummert, Johann Fuchs, Nicole Gürtzgen, Peter Haller, Christian Hohendanner, Elke Jahn, Klara Kaufmann, Regina Konle-Seidl, Thomas Kruppe, Alexander Kubis, Peter Kupka, Torsten Lietzmann, Philipp Ramos Lobato, Oliver Ludewig, Britta Matthes, Andreas Moczall, Joachim Möller, Christopher Osiander, Angela Rauch, Malte Reichelt, Nancy Reims, Thomas Rhein, Thomas Rothe, Barbara Schwengler, Holger Seibert, Steffen Sirries, Carina Sperber, Heiko Stüber, Uwe Sujata, Ehsan Vallizadeh, Basha Vicari, Ulrich Walwei, Enzo Weber, Gerd Zika & Joachim Wolff (2018): Zentrale Befunde zu aktuellen Arbeitsmarktthemen. Nürnberg, 43 S.

Abstract

"Die hiesige Arbeitsmarktentwicklung ist nicht nur im Zeitvergleich bemerkenswert. Aus einer international vergleichenden Perspektive zeigt sich ebenfalls eine beachtliche Erfolgsgeschichte. Gleichwohl bestehen auch Schwachstellen und Risiken. So ist die Vererbung von schlechten Bildungs- und Arbeitsmarktchancen hierzulande stark ausgeprägt. Und als exportorientierte Volkswirtschaft kann sich Deutschland nicht von internationalen politischen und wirtschaftlichen Entwicklungen abkoppeln.
Die deutsche Arbeitsmarktpolitik steht zudem aus anderen Gründen vor großen Herausforderungen. Insbesondere gilt es, die Arbeit in der digitalisierten Welt zu gestalten, die Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit weiter abzubauen, die Aufstiegsmobilität zu verbessern, den Fachkräftebedarf zu sichern und Arbeitsmarktintegration von Geflüchteten zu fördern.
In der neu aufgelegten und erweiterten IAB-Broschüre 'Zentrale Befunde zu aktuellen Arbeitsmarktthemen' werden Ergebnisse aus der Forschungsarbeit des IAB zusammengefasst. Neben einer Standortbestimmung für den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt auch im internationalen Kontext gibt sie einen Überblick zu den Themen Struktur der Beschäftigung, Fachkräftesicherung, Arbeitslosigkeit und Leistungsbezug, Bildung und Beruf sowie zu arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Bergemann, Annette, Erik Grönqvist & Soffia Guðbjörnsdóttir (2018): Diabetes morbidity after displacement. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2018,15), Uppsala, 67 S.

Abstract

"We investigate how career disruptions in terms of job loss may impact morbidity for individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Combining unique, high-quality longitudinal data from the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR) with matched employer-employee data, we focus on individuals diagnosed with T2D, who are established on the labor market and who lose their job in a mass layoff. Using a conditional Difference-in-Differences evaluation approach, our results give limited support for job loss having an impact on health behavior, diabetes progression and cardiovascular risk factors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Cygan-Rehm, Kamila, Daniel Kühnle & Michael Oberfichtner (2018): Bounding the causal effect of unemployment on mental health. Nonparametric evidence from four countries. In: Health Economics, Jg. 26, H. 12, S. 1844-1861., 2017-02-21. DOI:10.1002/hec.3510

Abstract

"An important, yet unsettled, question in public health policy is the extent to which unemployment causally impacts mental health. The recent literature yields varying findings, which are likely due to differences in data, methods, samples, and institutional settings. Taking a more general approach, we provide comparable evidence for four countries with different institutional settings - Australia, Germany, the UK, and the United States - using a nonparametric bounds analysis. Relying on fairly weak and partially testable assumptions, our paper shows that unemployment has a significant negative effect on mental health in all countries. Our results rule out effects larger than a quarter of a standard deviation for Germany and half a standard deviation for the Anglo-Saxon countries. The effect is significant for both men and women and materialises already for short periods of unemployment. Public policy should hence focus on early prevention of mental health problems among the unemployed." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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De Moortel, Deborah, Paulien Hagedoorn, Christophe Vanroelen & Sylvie Gadeyne (2018): Employment status and mortality in the context of high and low regional unemployment levels in Belgium (2001-2011). A test of the social norm hypothesis across educational levels. In: PLoS one, Jg. 13, H. 2, S. 1-16. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0192526

Abstract

"Because of compositional effects (more highly educated unemployed) and differences in the vulnerability towards the health consequences of unemployment (i.e. disappointment paradox hypothesis and/or status inconsistency for highly educated unemployed), it is argued that indicators of educational attainment need to be included when investigating the social norm of unemployment. Data from the 2001 census linked to register data from 2001 - 2011 are used, selecting all Belgian employed and unemployed between 30 and 59-year-old at time of the census. Poisson multilevel modelling was used to account for clustering of respondents within sub-districts. For individuals with low education levels, the relative difference in mortality rate ratios between the unemployed and employed is smallest in those regions where aggregate unemployment levels are high. For highly educated, this social norm effect was not found. This study suggest that the social norm effect is stronger for workers with low education levels, while highly educated workers suffer from disappointment and status inconsistency." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Fackler, Daniel, Steffen Müller & Jens Stegmaier (2018): Folgen von Arbeitsplatzverlusten: Vor allem aus Großbetrieben entlassene Arbeitnehmer müssen deutliche Lohneinbußen hinnehmen. In: Wirtschaft im Wandel, Jg. 24, H. 4, S. 59-62.

Abstract

"Schließungen und Massenentlassungen großer Unternehmen stoßen aufgrund der damit verbundenen Folgen für betroffene Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer meist auf breites öffentliches Interesse. Tatsächlich zeigt sich, dass die Verdienstausfälle betroffener Arbeitnehmer - bestehend aus Lohneinbußen bei späterer Wiederbeschäftigung und Beschäftigungsausfällen - deutlich mit der Größe des entlassenden Betriebs zunehmen. Dies liegt vor allem daran, dass aus Großbetrieben entlassene Arbeitnehmer im Gegensatz zu denen, die einen Arbeitsplatz in kleinen Betrieben verlieren, deutliche Lohneinbußen hinnehmen müssen, weil sie danach oft in kleineren und schlechter bezahlenden Betrieben beschäftigt sind. Zwar erleiden auch aus Kleinbetrieben entlassene Arbeitnehmer deutliche Verdienstausfälle, ihre Lohneinbußen sind aber geringer. Sie können sich bei der Entlohnung sogar verbessern, sofern sie das Glück haben, eine Anstellung in einem Großbetrieb zu finden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Farré, Lídia, Francesco Fasani & Hannes Mueller (2018): Feeling useless: The effect of unemployment on mental health in the Great Recession. In: IZA journal of labor economics, Jg. 7, S. 1-34. DOI:10.1186/s40172-018-0068-5

Abstract

"This article documents a strong connection between unemployment and mental distress using data from the Spanish National Health Survey. We exploit the collapse of the construction sector to identify the causal effect of job losses in different segments of the Spanish labor market. Our results suggest that an increase of the unemployment rate by 10 percentage points due to the breakdown in construction raised reported poor health and mental disorders in the affected population by 3 percentage points, respectively. We argue that the size of this effect responds to the fact that the construction sector was at the center of the economic recession. As a result, workers exposed to the negative labor demand shock faced very low chances of re-entering employment. We show that this led to long unemployment spells, stress, hopelessness, and feelings of uselessness. These effects point towards a potential channel for unemployment hysteresis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Gurr, Thomas, Stefanie Unger & Monika Jungbauer-Gans (2018): Gehen Sanktionen mit einem höheren Stigmabewusstsein bei Arbeitslosen einher? In: Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, Jg. 64, H. 2, S. 217-248., 2018-05-10. DOI:10.1515/zsr-2018-0012

Abstract

"Das Stigmabewusstsein Arbeitsloser ist ein bisher weitgehend unerforschtes Feld. Dieser Artikel untersucht unter Verwendung von quantitativen und qualitativen Daten (Mixed Methods) den Zusammenhang zwischen dem Erleben von Sanktionen im Vermittlungsprozess und dem Ausmaß, in dem die Betroffenen glauben, aufgrund von Arbeitslosigkeit stigmatisiert zu sein. Die quantitative Analyse zeigt, dass Sanktionen nicht mit dem Stigmabewusstsein aufgrund von Arbeitslosigkeit korrelieren. In anschließenden, komplementären Analysen von qualitativen Daten werden vier Mechanismen herausgearbeitet, die erklären können, warum erwartete signifikante Korrelationen zwischen der konkreten Sanktionierung und dem Stigmabewusstsein ausbleiben. Ein zentraler Faktor ist hier die weite Verbreitung und ständige Androhung von Sanktionen." (Autorenreferat, © De Gruyter)

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Heggebø, Kristian & Jon Ivar Elstad (2018): Is it Easier to Be Unemployed When the Experience Is More Widely Shared? Effects of Unemployment on Self-rated Health in 25 European Countries with Diverging Macroeconomic Conditions. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. 22-39. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcx080

Abstract

"The economic crisis in Europe since 2008 has led to high unemployment levels in several countries. Previous research suggests that becoming unemployed is a health risk, but is job loss and unemployment easier to cope with when unemployment is widespread? Using EU-SILC panel data (2010 - 2013), this study examines short-term effects of unemployment on self-rated health (SRH) in 25 European countries with diverging macroeconomic conditions. Ordinary least squares regressions show that the unemployed are in worse health than the employed throughout Europe. The association is reduced considerably, but remains significant in several countries when time-invariant personal characteristics are accounted for using individual-level fixed-effects models. Propensity score kernel matching shows that both being and becoming unemployed are associated with slightly worse SRH. There is a weak tendency towards less health effects of unemployment in countries where the experience is widely shared. In particular, countries with a very low unemployment rate stand out with larger health effects. The results overall suggest that a changed composition of the unemployed population is an important explanation for the weaker unemployment -- health association in high-unemployment countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Jäger, Simon, Benjamin Schoefer, Samuel Young & Josef Zweimüller (2018): Wages and the value of nonemployment. (CESifo working paper 7342), München, 113 S.

Abstract

"Nonemployment is often posited as a worker's outside option in wage setting models such as bargaining and wage posting. The value of this state is therefore a fundamental determinant of wages and, in turn, labor supply and job creation. We measure the effect of changes in the value of nonemployment on wages in existing jobs and among job switchers. Our quasi-experimental variation in nonemployment values arises from four large reforms of unemployment insurance (UI) benefit levels in Austria. We document that wages are insensitive to UI benefit levels: point estimates imply a wage response of less than $0.01 per $1.00 UI benefit increase, and we can reject sensitivities larger than 0.03. In contrast, a calibrated Nash bargaining model predicts a sensitivity of 0.39 - more than ten times larger. The empirical insensitivity holds even among workers with a priori low bargaining power, with low labor force attachment, with high predicted unemployment duration, among job switchers and recently unemployed workers, in areas of high unemployment, in firms with flexible pay policies, and when considering firmlevel bargaining. The insensitivity of wages to the nonemployment value we document presents a puzzle to widely used wage setting protocols, and implies that nonemployment may not constitute workers' relevant threat point. Our evidence supports wage-setting mechanisms that insulate wages from the value of nonemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Krug, Gerhard & Andreas Eberl (2018): What explains the negative effect of unemployment on health? An analysis accounting for reverse causality. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 55, H. June, S. 25-39., 2018-03-06. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2018.03.001

Abstract

"The unemployed are often in poorer health than their employed counterparts. This cross-sectional correlation is often attributed to a causal effect of unemployment on health. Recent research analyzing longitudinal data often supports alternative explanations, such as spurious correlation and/or selection of unhealthy workers into unemployment (i.e., reverse causality). In this paper, we apply a dynamic panel data estimator (system GMM) to account for both unobserved confounders and reverse causality. Despite some evidence for health selection, we still find strong support for the causality thesis. Furthermore, we show that the adverse health effect is partially explained by the loss of self-perceived social status due to unemployment but not by the loss of household income or social contacts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kuka, Elira (2018): Quantifying the benefits of social insurance. Unemployment insurance and health. (IZA discussion paper 11629), Bonn, 55 S.

Abstract

"While the Unemployment Insurance (UI) program is one of the largest safety net program in the U.S., research on its benefits is limited. This paper exploits plausibly exogenous changes in state UI laws to empirically estimate whether UI generosity mitigates any of the previously documented negative health effects of job loss. The results show higher UI generosity increases health insurance coverage and utilization, and leads to improved self-reported health. Moreover, these effects are stronger during periods of high unemployment rates. Finally, I find no effects on risky behaviors nor on health conditions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Labigne, Anaël, Jana Priemer & Janina Kempf (2018): Arbeitsmarktintegration - Erfolgsfaktor Zivilgesellschaft. Gemeinnützige Organisationen als Arbeitsmarktakteure in Deutschland. Essen: Verwaltungsgesellschaft f. Wissenschaftspflege, 28 S.

Abstract

"Ein chancengerechter Arbeitsmarkt, der auch denjenigen adäquate Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten bietet, die soziale Benachteiligung erfahren, ist für unsere Gesellschaft ebenso wie für eine prosperierende Wirtschaft in Deutschland von zentraler Bedeutung. Doch Arbeitsmarktintegration ist ein langes Wort. Und in der Praxis ist Arbeitsmarktintegration oftmals ein langer Prozess. Damit dieser Prozess gelingt, ist das Ineinandergreifen verschiedener Institutionen wesentlich. Neben Politik und Wirtschaft ist der sogenannte dritte Sektor, der gemeinnützige Organisationen bündelt, hierfür ein entscheidender Erfolgsfaktor.
Der Stifterverband und die JPMorgan Chase Foundation haben eine eigene bundesweite und repräsentative Organisationsbefragung sowie aktuelle Daten des statistischen Bundesamtes auswerten lassen, um die Rolle gemeinnütziger Organisationen für den Arbeitsmarkt zu verstehen und zu stärken." (Angaben des Hrsg., IAB-Doku)

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Lalé, Etienne (2018): Loss of skill and labor market fluctuations. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 20-31. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.03.004

Abstract

"In this paper, we examine how skill loss can contribute to aggregate labor market fluctuations in the Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides model. We develop a computationally tractable stochastic version of that model wherein workers accumulate skills on the job and face a risk of skill loss after job destruction. We find that skill heterogeneity dampens the fluctuations of labor market variables, and that introducing skill loss offsets this effect and generates additional amplification. The main forces driving this result are pro-cyclical increases in the probability of skill loss during unemployment: these provide incentives to post proportionally more vacancies during upturns by raising the surplus from employing high-skill workers. Compositional changes in the unemployment pool, on the other hand, play a negligible role for empirically plausible rates of skill depreciation, which imply a relatively slow process compared to the duration of unemployment spells." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))

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Linden, Philipp, Nadine Reibling & Stephan Krayter (2018): Lieber krank und arbeitslos als "nur" arbeitslos? Die Auswirkungen der Medikalisierung von arbeitslosen Personen auf Stigmatisierungsprozesse. In: Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, Jg. 64, H. 4, S. 431-461. DOI:10.1515/zsr-2018-0022

Abstract

"Die Integration von (langzeit-)arbeitslosen Personen ist eine zentrale Herausforderung für Arbeitsmarkt- und Sozialpolitik. Aktivierung und die damit verknüpfte Konditionalität von Sozialleistungen haben bedeutende Implikationen für die Wahrnehmung von arbeitslosen Personen, die immer häufiger Stigmatisierungen erleben. Gesundheitliche Einschränkungen oder Behinderungen, die als einziger Grund für die Anerkennung einer (befristet) eingeschränkten Beschäftigungsfähigkeit gelten und eine Verknüpfung von Sozialleistungsbezug und Freistellung von der verpflichtenden Arbeitsaufnahme ermöglichen, erhalten damit eine neue Bedeutung. Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, ob die Medikalisierung der Arbeitslosigkeit Stigmatisierung verringert. Wir untersuchen daher mit Daten des Panels 'Arbeitsmarkt und soziale Sicherung' (PASS) den Einfluss der Freistellung auf die wahrgenommene Stigmatisierung. Entropie-balancierte, multivariate OLS-Regressionen zeigen kein signifikant vermindertes Stigma für freigestellte Personen." (Autorenreferat, © De Gruyter)

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Maczulskij, Terhi, Petri Böckerman & Tuomas Kosonen (2018): Job displacement, inter-regional mobility and long-term earnings. (IZA discussion paper 11635), Bonn, 42 S.

Abstract

"We examine the effect of job displacement on regional mobility using linked employeremployee panel data for the 1995-2014 period. We also study whether displaced movers obtain earnings and employment gains compared to displaced stayers. The results show that job displacement increases the migration probability by ~70%. However, social capital in a region and housing characteristics decrease the propensity to move, indicating that people do not make the migration decisions solely based on short-term economic incentives. Migration has an immediate negative relationship with earnings, but the link diminishes as time passes and eventually turns positive for men. The link between migration and employment is nevertheless positive and persistent for both genders." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Mertel, Sabine, Reingard Schusser, Carolin Gumnior, Ines Hoffmann, Eileen Jauster, Rahel Kahn, Katharina Marks & Janine Schwanke (2018): Individuelles Einzelcoaching für Arbeitssuchende. Zur subjektiven Dimension von Arbeitslosigkeit und psychischer Belastung. (Sammlung Zettelburg 03), Norderstedt: Books on Demand, 188 S.

Abstract

"Arbeit respektive Erwerbsarbeit hat in post-modernen Gesellschaften einen hohen Stellenwert, denn neben der Existenzsicherung bedeutet Arbeit auch Selbstwert, Sinnhaftigkeit sowie Anerkennung. Arbeitslosigkeit hingegen stellt ein Risiko sozialer Ausgrenzung und Diskriminierung dar - vor allem für Arbeitssuchende mit Vermittlungshemmnissen und psychischen Beeinträchtigungen sowie Erkrankungen. Das Angebot 'Individuelles Einzelcoaching' versteht sich als Maßnahme zur Stabilisierung und Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt von Menschen mit multiplen Problemen. Das Projekt wurde mittels qualitativer dialogischer Evaluation erforscht, um systematische Informationen zur Bedeutung, zum Fortschritt, zur Wirksamkeit und zur Effizienz des Angebotes zu erhalten.
Kooperationsprojekt der Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaft für Kunst (HAWK) Hildesheim und Daheim statt Heim Eingliederungshilfe UG (haftungsbeschränkt)" (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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Mousteri, Victoria & Liam Delaney (2018): The scarring effect of unemployment on psychological well-being across Europe. In: Social science research, Jg. 72, H. May, S. 146-169. DOI:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.01.007

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Myck, Michal & Monika Oczkowska (2018): Shocked by therapy? Unemployment in the first years of the socio-economic transition in Poland and its long-term consequences. In: The economics of transition, Jg. 26, H. 4, S. 695-724. DOI:10.1111/ecot.12161

Abstract

"We examine the long-term implications of unemployment for material conditions and well-being using the Polish sample from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Retrospective data from the SHARELIFE survey are used to reconstruct labour market experiences across the threshold of the socio-economic transformation from a centrally planned to a free market economy in Poland. These individual experiences are matched with outcomes observed in the survey about 20 years later to examine their correlation with unemployment at the time of the transition. We find that becoming unemployed in the early 1990s correlates significantly with income, assets and a number of measures of well-being recorded in 2007 and 2012. Using plant closures to reflect exogenous changes to labour market status at the time of the transition, we are able to confirm the causal effect of unemployment on income and house ownership 20 years later, but find no evidence for a long-term causal relationship between unemployment and such measures of well-being as life satisfaction, depression and subjective assessment of material conditions." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Müller, Steffen & Renate Neubaeumer (2018): Size of training firms. The role of firms, luck, and ability in young workers' careers. In: International journal of manpower, Jg. 39, H. 5, S. 658-673. DOI:10.1108/IJM-07-2016-0155

Abstract

"Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze how long-run unemployment of former apprentices depends on the size of their training firm and their ability.
Design/methodology/approach: The authors use a large administrative data set that follows graduated apprentices during their working life. They show that training in large and medium-sized firms is associated with considerably less unemployment. This, however, may simply be the result of sorting processes, i.e. larger training firms with higher wage levels attract and choose the most able young workers. Therefore, the authors use a proxy for ability to estimate and control for the impact of ability on long-run unemployment. They assume that rank-order tournaments for the most attractive training positions take place and take into account an institutional peculiarity of the German training system, the empirically observable regional immobility of apprentices. Accordingly, they use a region-specific ranking based on training plants' size or median wages, respectively, to proxy for apprentices' ability.
Findings: The negative association between training plant size and long-run unemployment is muted but still statistically well determined even after controlling for the rank of an individual's training firm in the local plant size distribution or the local wage distribution, respectively. Thus, the rank itself is a predictor for long-run unemployment of apprentices. The fact that the position in the local size distribution matters conditional on plant size shows that there is a local competition for training places.
Practical implications: Lacking mobility may increases aggregate unemployment, as mobility reduces the risk of unemployment.
Social implications: The results imply that supporting regional mobility of young workers, e.g., by informing them better about existing mobility subsidies and dormitories for apprentices and by creating additional mobility incentives is warranted.
Originality/value: This is the first study to investigate long-run unemployment of former apprentices. Furthermore, the authors develop new variables to proxy for ability." (Author's abstract, © Emerald Group) ((en))

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Peña Longobardo, Luz María & Juan Oliva-Moreno (2018): Differences in labour participation between people living with HIV and the general population. Results from Spain along the business cycle. In: PLoS one, Jg. 13, H. 4, S. 1-13. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0195735

Abstract

"Background: HIV/AIDS (Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired immune deficiency syndrome) not only has a strong impact on the health of the worldwide population but also affects the labour status of HIV-positive people. The primary aim of this paper is to compare the labour participation of people living with HIV (PlwHIV) with the labour participation of the general population along the last business cycle in Spain.
Method: The data used are from the Hospital Survey on HIV-AIDS, with a total sample size of 4,651 PlwHIV and the Labour Force Survey from 2001 to 2010, with a total sample size of 660,674 individuals as general population. Propensity Score Matching method was used to analyse the differences between the labour participation of PlwHIV and the general population. Additionally, several specific models categorised into different subgroups (gender, education, source of infection and level of defences) were also performed.
Results: We identified a convergence in labour participation across the period in the two populations considered: PlwHIV was 23% less likely to have a job than the general population during 2001-2002 and 14% less likely during 2009-2010. This convergence is mainly explained by two facts: first, the positive evolution of people infected by sex; second, the change in the PlwHIV population composition with a decreasing weight of people infected by drug use throughout the decade. Thereby, at the end of period, there was no statistical difference in the employment rate between PlwHIV infected through sex and the general population but there was strongly difference in PlwHIV infected through drugs.
Conclusion: Inmunological status, source of infection and level of education play a relevant role among the PlwHIV population when comparing their labour participation with the general population. In spite of this positive result, the likelihood of being employed in HIV-positive people continues to be different from that of non-carriers. Our study shows that institutional features of labour markets are relevant and should be considered in comparison between countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Pikos, Anna Katharina (2018): Work-related mental health problems increase with rising aggregate unemployment. (Universität Hannover, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät. Diskussionspapier 639), Hannover, 23 S.

Abstract

"This paper analyzes the relationship between work-related mental health of the German working population and unemployment on the occupation-region level measured one year before the outcome. Rising unemployment is significantly associated with a higher risk for emotional strain, emotional exhaustion, absenteeism, and presenteeism among employed individuals. Occupation specific unemployment drives this relationship, while the regional dimension is less important. The relationship is driven by individuals with own past unemployment experience." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Portugal, Pedro & António Rua (2018): Zooming the ins and outs of the U.S. unemployment with a wavelet lens. (IZA discussion paper 11559), Bonn, 27 S.

Abstract

"To better understand unemployment dynamics it is key to assess the role played by job creation and job destruction. Although the U.S. case has been studied extensively, the importance of job finding and employment exit rates to unemployment variability remains unsettled. The aim of this paper is to contribute to this debate by adopting a novel lens, wavelet analysis. We resort to wavelet analysis to unveil time- and frequency-varying features regarding the contribution of the job finding and job separation rates for the U.S. unemployment rate dynamics. Drawing on this approach, we are able to reconcile some apparently contradictory findings reported in previous literature. We find that the job finding rate is more influential for the overall unemployment behavior but the job separation rate also plays a critical role, especially during recessions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Reinhard, Hans-Joachim (2018): Die Anpassung von Alterssicherungssystemen an geänderte Erwerbsbiografien - das Beispiel Deutschland. In: E. M. Hohnerlein, S. Hennion & O. Kaufmann (Hrsg.) (2018): Erwerbsverlauf und sozialer Schutz in Europa, S. 561-569. DOI:10.1007/978-3-662-56033-4_53

Abstract

"Das deutsche gesetzliche System der sozialen Absicherung im Alter beruht in seiner Grundkonzeption immer noch auf dem sog. Bismarck'schen System der gesetzlichen Alterssicherung. Bismarck selbst strebte eine Art Volksversicherung für alle bedürftigen Bürgerinnen und Bürger an, musste dann aber ein System einführen, welches er selbst in dieser Form eigentlich nicht wollte. Das Modell basiert auf abhängiger Erwerbsarbeit und hat später Nachahmer in vielen Ländern gefunden. Der Autor betont die Wichtigkeit auskömmlicher Altersrenten und verweist auf ausländische Beispiele, die im Vergleich zu Deutschland erfolgreicher in der Gewährleistung angemessener Renten sind." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Scherbaum, N., M. Specka, C. Kaspar, T. Mikoteit & B. Lieb (2018): Arbeitslosigkeit und Sucht - das SUNRISE-Projekt. In: Das Gesundheitswesen, Jg. 80, H. 1, S. 73-78. DOI:10.1055/s-0042-107345

Abstract

"Ziel der Studie: Im SUNRISE-Projekt werden Langzeitarbeitslose (SGB II) der Altersgruppe 25-49 Jahre im Auftrag des JobCenters in Hinblick auf das Vorliegen substanzbezogener Störungen und Arbeitsfähigkeit begutachtet. In der vorliegenden Studie sollen etwaige Defizite in der Schul- und Berufsausbildung, substanzbezogene und andere psychische Störungen sowie der zeitliche Zusammenhang zwischen Arbeitslosigkeit und substanzbezogener Störung dargestellt werden. Methodik: Leistungsempfänger, bei denen Sachbearbeiter des JobCenters das Vorliegen einer substanzbezogenen Störung vermuteten, stellten sich zur sozialmedizinischen Begutachtung vor. Die Klienten wurden mit dem Europ-ASI interviewt, Diagnosen psychischer Störungen erfolgten mithilfe des SKID. Ergebnisse: Bei 87 der ersten 100 begutachteten Personen wurde eine substanzbezogene Störung diagnostiziert, meist eine alkoholbezogene Störung, oft auch mehrere substanzbezogene Störungen. Die Betroffenen waren im Durchschnitt 40 Jahre alt (SD 8,5) und zu 83,9% männlich. 51,2% hatten die Schule nicht über Klasse 9 hinaus absolviert, 55,2% verfügten über keine abgeschlossene Berufsausbildung. Die mediane längste Dauer einer sozialversicherungspflichtigen Tätigkeit betrug 3 Jahre. 51,7% erhielten weitere psychiatrische Diagnosen. Die substanzbezogene Störung hatte zumeist bereits im Jugend- bzw. im jungen Erwachsenenalter begonnen. Nur bei einer Minderheit (7,4%) war die aktuelle Arbeitslosigkeit zeitlich dem Beginn des regelmäßigen Konsums der Haupt-Problemsubstanz vorausgegangen. Schlussfolgerung: Das SUNRISE-Projekt wurde erfolgreich implementiert. Die untersuchten Langzeitarbeitslosen waren in hohem Ausmaß belastet von Defiziten in der Schul- und Berufsausbildung, von früh beginnenden substanzbezogenen Störungen sowie von weiteren psychischen Störungen. Die substanzbezogene Störung entwickelte sich also nicht erst nach Beginn der Arbeitslosigkeit bei zuvor beruflich integrierten Personen. Vielmehr handelt es sich um eine Gruppe komplex psychosozial belasteter Personen. Hier sind die Sektoren Arbeitsmarkt und Gesundheitssystem übergreifende Maßnahmen notwendig." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Thompson, Owen (2018): Head start's long-run impact. Evidence from the program's introduction. In: The Journal of Human Resources, Jg. 53, H. 4, S. 1100-1139. DOI:10.3368/jhr.53.4.0216.7735R1

Abstract

"This paper estimates the effect of Head Start on health, education, and labor market outcomes observed through age 48. I combine outcome data from the NLSY79 with archival records on early Head Start funding levels and for identification exploit differences across counties in the introduction timing and size of local Head Start programs. This allows me to compare the long-term outcomes of children who were too old for Head Start when the program was introduced in their county with the outcomes of children who were sufficiently young to be eligible. I find that individuals from counties that had an average-sized program when they were in Head Start's target age range experienced a $2,199 increase in annual adult earnings, completed 0.125 additional years of education, were 4.6 percentage points less likely to have a health limitation at age 40, and overall experienced a 0.081 standard deviation improvement in a summary index of these and other outcome measures. Funding levels at ages outside of Head Start's target range are not significantly correlated with long-term outcomes. Estimated treatment effects are largest among blacks, the children of lower-education parents, and children exposed to better funded Head Start programs - heterogeneity that is consistent with a causal program impact." (Author's abstract, 䗏 the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System) ((en))

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Voßemer, Jonas, Michael Gebel, Kadri Täht, Marge Unt, Björn Högberg & Mattias Strandh (2018): The Effects of Unemployment and Insecure Jobs on Well-Being and Health: The Moderating Role of Labor Market Policies. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 138, H. 3, S. 1229-1257. DOI:10.1007/s11205-017-1697-y

Abstract

"Labor market insecurities have been growing in Europe and previous research has illustrated that unemployment and insecure jobs negatively affect individuals' well-being and health. Although empirical evidence suggests that these effects vary substantially across different welfare states, we still know little about the moderating role of specific labor market policies. Taking a cross-national comparative perspective, this article investigates how passive and active labor market policies (PLMP, ALMP) as well as employment protection legislation (EPL) shape the experience of unemployment and insecure jobs. We complement micro data of round 1 - 6 (2002 - 2012) of the European Social Survey with time-varying macro indicators of PLMP, ALMP, and EPL. The data include about 89,000 individuals nested in 112 country-rounds and 26 countries respectively. We apply three-level random intercept models as well as pooled linear regression models including country fixed effects. The results show that labor market policies are important in shaping the experience of unemployment, but are less relevant for workers in insecure jobs. Specifically, higher unemployment benefit generosity buffers the negative effects of unemployment on well-being but not health. Moreover, we discuss different interpretations for the finding that higher ALMP expenditures are associated with more negative effects of unemployment on well-being and health. With respect to EPL it is found that in countries with high insider protection, deregulating the restrictions on the use of temporary employment increases the negative effects of unemployment on well-being and health." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

Zitatform

Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales (2018): Bundesprogramm Soziale Teilhabe am Arbeitsmarkt. Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und der Fraktion der AfD (Drucksache 19/4145). (Verhandlungen des Deutschen Bundestages. Drucksachen 19/4639 (28.09.2018)), 10 S.

Abstract

Die Bundesregierung antwortet auf die Anfrage der Afd-Fraktion zu Umsetzung und Erfolg des Bundesprogramms Soziale Teilhabe am Arbeitsmarkt. (IAB)