Gender, Diversity und der wirtschaftliche Erfolg von Unternehmen
Steigert eine diversitätsfördernde und gleichstellungsorientierte Personalstrategie den wirtschaftlichen Erfolg von Unternehmen? Ist die Berufung von Frauen in den Aufsichtsrat und Vorstand eines Unternehmens Garant für eine verbesserte Performance?
Diese Infoplattform stellt Studien vor, die auf Team- und Unternehmensebene analysieren, wie sich heterogene Personalstrukturen auf den Unternehmenserfolg auswirken.
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Literaturhinweis
The human side of productivity: Uncovering the role of skills and diversity for firm productivity (2021)
Zitatform
Criscuolo, Chiara, Peter Gal, Timo Leidecker & Giuseppe Nicoletti (2021): The human side of productivity: Uncovering the role of skills and diversity for firm productivity. (OECD productivity working papers 29), Paris: OECD Publishing, 66 S. DOI:10.1787/5f391ba9-en
Abstract
"Relying on linked employer-employee datasets from 10 countries, this paper documents that the skills and the diversity of the workforce and of managers – the human side of businesses – account on average for about one third of the labour productivity gap between firms at the productivity “frontier” (the top 10% within each detailed industry) and medium performers at the 40-60 percentile of the productivity distribution. The composition of skills, especially the share of high skills, varies the most along the productivity distribution, but low and medium skilled employees make up a substantial share of the workforce even at the frontier. High skills show positive but decreasing productivity returns. Moreover, the skill mix of top firms varies markedly across countries, pointing to the role of different strategies pursued by firms in different policy environments. We also find that managerial skills play a particularly important role, also through complementarities with worker skills. Gender and cultural diversity among managers – and to a lesser extent, among workers – is positively related to firm productivity as well. We discuss public policies that can facilitate the catch-up of firms below the frontier through skills and diversity. These cover a wide range of areas, exerting their influence through three main channels: the supply, upgrading and the matching across firms (the SUM) of skills and other human factors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Economics of Being LGBT: A Review 2015-2020 (2021)
Zitatform
Drydakis, Nick (2021): The Economics of Being LGBT. A Review 2015-2020. (IZA discussion paper 14845), Bonn, 26 S.
Abstract
"This paper reviews studies on LGBT workplace outcomes published between 2015 and 2020. In terms of earnings differences, in the US, Canada, Europe, and Australia, gay men were found to experience earnings penalties of 7% in comparison to heterosexual men, bisexual men experienced earnings penalties of 9% in comparison to heterosexual men, and bisexual women faced earnings penalties of 5% in comparison to heterosexual women. In the same regions, lesbian women experienced an earnings premium of 7% in comparison to heterosexual women. Trans women, in the US and Europe, faced earnings penalties ranging from 4% to 20%. In terms of job satisfaction, in the US, Canada, and Europe, gay men, and lesbian women experienced 15% and 12%, respectively lower job satisfaction than their heterosexual counterparts. Additionally, bullying against sexual minorities has persisted. In the UK, sexual minorities who experienced frequent school-age bullying faced a 32% chance of experiencing frequent workplace bullying. In relation to job exclusions, in OECD countries, gay men and lesbian women were found to experience 39% and 32%, respectively lower access to occupations than comparable heterosexual men and women. For trans men and women in Europe, comparable patterns are in evidence. Given these patterns, it is not of surprise that LGBT people in the US and the UK experience higher poverty rates than heterosexual and cis people. However, in these two regions, anti-discrimination laws and positive actions in the workplace helped reduce the earnings penalties for gay men, enhance trans people's self-esteem, spur innovation and firms' performance, and boost marketing capability, corporate profiles, and customer satisfaction. The evidence indicated that LGBT inclusion and positive economic outcomes mutually reinforced each other." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Top management gender diversity and performance: in search of threshold effects (2021)
Zitatform
Gong, Yundan & Sourafel Girma (2021): Top management gender diversity and performance: in search of threshold effects. In: Cambridge Journal of Economics, Jg. 45, H. 1, S. 109-127. DOI:10.1093/cje/beaa045
Abstract
"The impact of gender diversity on business performance has been featured prominently on the agenda of many politicians and business leaders in recent years. However, empirical results of the impact of gender diversity on firm performance have been ambiguous. This paper contributes to the literature by using propensity score-based estimation techniques on a large sample of UK firms to analyse the performance effect of appointing a first female board director. We look at financial and non-financial performance indicators and document significant effects on firm growth and labour cost efficiency, but rather fragile ones on accounting returns, such as profitability. We also document evidence of another threshold effect; namely, gender diversity appears to have its highest impact (its 'ceiling') when the proportion of female directors is approximately 30%. Carrying out a sensitivity analysis, we conclude that hidden bias must be implausibly high to be able to attribute the beneficial effects of boardroom gender diversity to unmeasured confounding." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Der Schutz vor Diskriminierung und die Förderung personaler Vielfalt im Arbeitsleben: Umsetzungsstand und Praxis in Unternehmen, Verwaltungen und Organisationen des Dritten Sektors (2021)
Zitatform
Icks, Annette, Teita Bijedić, Rosemarie Kay, Philipp Latzke & Andreas Merx (2021): Der Schutz vor Diskriminierung und die Förderung personaler Vielfalt im Arbeitsleben. Umsetzungsstand und Praxis in Unternehmen, Verwaltungen und Organisationen des Dritten Sektors. Berlin, 184 S.
Abstract
"Die Studie untersucht, inwiefern Diversity-Maßnahmen und Maßnahmen des Diskriminierungsschutzes rund 15 Jahre nach Einführung des AGG und der Gründung der Charta der Vielfalt in Unternehmen, Verwaltungen und dem Dritten Sektor umgesetzt werden. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Frage, wie Arbeitgeber*innen und Personalverantwortliche das AGG in der Praxis bewerten und inwiefern Diskriminierungsschutz und Vielfaltsförderung Einzug in die Unternehmens- und Organisationskulturen gehalten haben. In der qualitativen Studie wurden aufbauend auf einer Literaturrecherche und Expert*innen-Interviews, die Geschäftsführungen oder Personalverantwortlichen von 50 Unternehmen, Verwaltungen und Organisationen des Dritten Sektors befragt. Aus den Befragungsergebnissen wurden konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen formuliert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Gender differences in competitiveness: to what extent can different attitudes towards competition for men and women explain the gender gap in labor markets? (2021)
Zitatform
Lackner, Mario (2021): Gender differences in competitiveness. To what extent can different attitudes towards competition for men and women explain the gender gap in labor markets? (IZA world of labor 236), 10 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.236.v2
Abstract
"In addition to the well-documented gender pay gap, women are globally under-represented in top-level jobs. One obvious explanation for this is discrimination. Differences in attitudes toward competition, which are observed in the empirical literature, offer another explanation. These differences could partly explain the gender gaps in labor market outcomes. A future challenge is to mitigate the negative consequences of these gaps on the way to achieving gender equality in labor markets. Reforms of the educational systems could help to encourage competitive attitudes and affect educational choices of women. One possibility is to consider gender-segregated education in specific subjects. Some evidence suggests that any intervention is most likely to be successful during early ages. In contrast, preferences regarding competitiveness are found to evolve over time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Das deutsche Diversitäts-Dilemma: German Diversity Monitor 2021 (2021)
Wagner, Victoria; Ackermann, Antonia; Antoni, Natalie; Schulz, Nadine; Kijas, Shana;Zitatform
(2021): Das deutsche Diversitäts-Dilemma. German Diversity Monitor 2021. (German Diversity Monitor 2), Düsseldorf, 17 S.
Abstract
"Mit dem German Diversity Monitor 2021 erfolgt nach 2020 zum zweiten Mal eine Bestandsaufnahme der Diversität in den Vorständen bzw. in den Geschäftsführungen führender deutscher Unternehmen sowie des inklusiven Arbeitsumfelds in deutschen Unternehmen. Dadurch sollen Fortschritte und Veränderungen identifiziert und die Wirkung der Diversitätsinitiative BeyondGenderAgenda messbar gemacht werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Gender Diversity in Firms (2020)
Zitatform
Azmat, Ghazala & Anne Boring (2020): Gender Diversity in Firms. (IZA policy paper 168), Bonn, 34 S.
Abstract
"This paper explores the recent efforts by the corporate world and public policy to increase the number of women in leadership positions in the workplace. We review and empirically evaluate the "business case" for gender equality, showing some evidence in favour of it. Despite the evidence and growing support, progress towards more diversity in leadership positions has been slow. We study the importance of supply-side constraints, as well as the main diversity policies (gender quotas, mentoring and network programs, diversity training to change firm culture, and family friendly policies) that have been implemented. We focus on the effectiveness of these policies, their shortcomings, as well as potential future steps that could help guide policy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender Diversity in Firms (2020)
Zitatform
Azmat, Ghazala & Anne Boring (2020): Gender Diversity in Firms. In: Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Jg. 36, H. 4, S. 760-782. DOI:10.1093/oxrep/graa043
Abstract
"This paper explores the recent efforts by the corporate world and public policy to increase the number of women in leadership positions in the workplace. We review and empirically evaluate the 'business case' for gender equality, showing some evidence in favour of it. Despite the evidence and growing support, progress towards more diversity in leadership positions has been slow. We study the importance of supply-side constraints, as well as the main diversity policies (gender quotas, mentoring and network programmes, diversity training to change firm culture, and family friendly policies) that have been implemented. We focus on the effectiveness of these policies, their shortcomings, as well as potential future steps that could help guide policy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA policy paper , 168 -
Literaturhinweis
Labor force diversity and firm survival (2020)
Zitatform
Backman, Mikaela & Janet E. Kohlhase (2020): Labor force diversity and firm survival. In: Journal of regional science, Jg. 60, H. 5, S. 903-928. DOI:10.1111/jors.12488
Abstract
"We analyze the influence that the diversity of individuals, both within a firm and in the region where the firm is located, has on firm survival. We estimate a hazard model using microdata for Swedish firms for the years 2002-2013. Results show that firm-specific diversity in education, age, and gender are positively associated with firm survival. However, firm-specific diversity by place of origin is negatively associated with firm survival. Yet the cultural diversity among the inhabitants in the region where the firm is located enhances firm survival. Magnitudes of the effects vary by region and industrial sector." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Family-friendly organizational arrangements - anything but "a fuss" (over nothing)! (2020)
Zitatform
Bächmann, Ann-Christin, Corinna Frodermann, Daniela Grunow, Marina Hagen & Dana Müller (2020): Family-friendly organizational arrangements - anything but "a fuss" (over nothing)! In: IAB-Forum H. 20-02-2020, o. Sz., 2020-02-17.
Abstract
"In Germany, more and more companies are offering measures to improve the reconciliation of family and work. This carries benefits for companies and employees alike, because family-friendly measures help women to return to their previous employer faster and more frequently." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Where women make a difference: Gender quotas and firms' performance in three European countries (2020)
Zitatform
Comi, Simona, Mara Grasseni, Federica Origo & Laura Pagani (2020): Where women make a difference: Gender quotas and firms' performance in three European countries. In: ILR review, Jg. 73, H. 3, S. 768-793. DOI:10.1177/0019793919846450
Abstract
"The authors study the effect of corporate board gender quotas on firm performance in France, Italy, and Spain. The identification strategy exploits the exogenous variation in mandated gender quotas within country and over time and uses a counterfactual methodology. Using firm-level accounting data and a difference-in-difference estimator, the authors find that gender quotas had either a negative or an insignificant effect on firm performance in the countries considered with the exception of Italy, where they find a positive impact on productivity. The authors then focus on Italy. Using a novel data set containing detailed information on board members' characteristics, they offer possible explanations for the positive effect of gender quotas. The results provide an important contribution to the policy debate about the optimal design of legislation on corporate gender quotas." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Diversity wins: How inclusion matters (2020)
Dixon-Fyle, Sundiatu; Hunt, Vivian; Dolan, Kevin; Prince, Sara;Zitatform
Dixon-Fyle, Sundiatu, Vivian Hunt, Kevin Dolan & Sara Prince (2020): Diversity wins: How inclusion matters. New York, NY, 52 S.
Abstract
"The business case for inclusion and diversity (I&D) is stronger than ever. For diverse companies, the likelihood of outperforming industry peers on profitability has increased over time, while the penalties are getting steeper for those lacking diversity. Progress on representation has been slow, yet a few firms are making real strides. A close look at these diversity winners shows that a systematic, business-led approach and bold, concerted action on inclusion are needed to make progress." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender diversity in corporate boards: Evidence from quota-implied discontinuities (2020)
Kuzmina, Olga; Melentyeva, Valentina;Zitatform
Kuzmina, Olga & Valentina Melentyeva (2020): Gender diversity in corporate boards: Evidence from quota-implied discontinuities. (CEPR discussion paper 14942), London, 54 S.
Abstract
"We use data across European corporate boards to investigate the effects of quota-induced female representation, under minimal possible identification assumptions. We find that having more women in board causally increases Tobin's Q, despite some negative effects on operating performance and more likely employment downsizings. We interpret this evidence as firms scaling down inefficient operations. Our results highlight that gender quotas are not necessarily a costly way of promoting equality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Board gender diversity and cost of equity (2020)
Zitatform
Nguyen, Pascal (2020): Board gender diversity and cost of equity. In: Applied Economics Letters, Jg. 27, H. 18, S. 1522-1526. DOI:10.1080/13504851.2019.1693693
Abstract
"Evidence that women directors provide more effective monitoring suggests that greater board gender diversity is associated with lower cost of equity because of greater confidence in the firm's governance. We test this hypothesis using a sample of French firms over the period 2006-2017. The results show that cost of equity is significantly lower when firms have a higher proportion of women directors. It thus appears that mandatory quotas have allowed women directors to reach the critical mass needed to have significant impact." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Women on Top Management Teams and Firm Performance in German Medium-Sized Enterprises: The Moderating Role of Recruiting Source (2020)
Zitatform
Reineke, Kristina, Holger Steinmetz, Rodrigo Isidor & Rüdiger Kabst (2020): Women on Top Management Teams and Firm Performance in German Medium-Sized Enterprises: The Moderating Role of Recruiting Source. (Working paper / Universität Paderborn, Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften 60), Paderborn, 32 S.
Abstract
"Despite substantial research, evidence regarding the relationship between the proportion of women on top management teams (TMTs) and firm performance is still inconclusive. Building on upper echelons theory, this paper expands the discussion of potential moderating effects in this regard by applying a complementary perspective to the commonly studied organization-oriented factors. Applying a person-oriented perspective to the composition of TMTs, this study argues that the recruiting source of TMT members - whether members were recruited from the owner's family, from the internal job market or the external job market - leads to differences in the job-relevant characteristics of TMT members. Consequently, the recruiting source should moderate the relationship between TMT gender composition and performance. Our analysis of 1025 German medium-sized enterprises (MEs) shows that there is no main effect of the proportion of women on firm performance. However, recruiting from the owner's family and the internal labor market have a significant negative moderating influence on the relationship between the proportion of women on TMTs and firm performance. Conversely, hiring externally exerts a significant positive effect." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Female leadership and firm performance (2019)
Beltran, Arlette;Zitatform
Beltran, Arlette (2019): Female leadership and firm performance. In: Prague economic papers, Jg. 28, H. 3, S. 363-377. DOI:10.18267/j.pep.695
Abstract
"This study explores whether companies┐ experience benefits when the firm's CEO and owner are both women. It employs data from the 2009 - 2014 World Bank Enterprise Surveys (WBES) to measure firms' performance through growth in sales and productivity. Potential endogeneity was corrected by using the UN Gender Development Index and the average fertility rate as they comply with the exclusion restrictions. The paper uses the Control Function method with a Probit first stage estimation and an OLS main equation. The findings suggest that a female owner strengthens the female CEO's business skills and leads to better firm performance than when the CEO is a woman and the owner is a man." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The direct and indirect impact of gender diversity in new venture teams on innovation performance (2019)
Zitatform
Dai, Ye, Gukdo Byun & Fangsheng Ding (2019): The direct and indirect impact of gender diversity in new venture teams on innovation performance. In: Entrepreneurship, theory and practice, Jg. 43, H. 3, S. 505-528. DOI:10.1177/1042258718807696
Abstract
"Women's interest and participation in entrepreneurship is growing. The limited and inconclusive findings on such growth have made it difficult to characterize its influence on new venture innovation performance. In addressing this issue, our study found a positive relationship between the gender diversity scores of new venture teams - reflecting the increased presence of women - and the innovation performance of new ventures. It also found the positive influence of gender diversity on (a) the relationship between the functional diversity of a venture team and its innovation performance and (b) the relationship between female employee presence and innovation performance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Diversity networks: Networking for equality? (2019)
Zitatform
Dennissen, Marjolein, Yvonne Benschop & Marieke van den Brink (2019): Diversity networks: Networking for equality? In: British journal of management, Jg. 30, H. 4, S. 966-980. DOI:10.1111/1467-8551.12321
Abstract
"In recent years, the use of diversity networks as diversity management instruments in organizations has increased tremendously. Diversity networks support the needs of employees with different social identities, such as women, ethnic minorities, LGBTs, disabled and young people. The aim of this study is to come to a better understanding of how diversity networks contribute to equality by examining how diversity network leaders discursively construct the value of their networks against the backdrop of discourses on diversity and equality. We conducted a multiple case study of five different diversity networks in a financial service organization in the Netherlands. Our results show that network leaders tend to construct the value of their networks primarily in terms of individual career development and community building, to prevent their members' isolation. However, they are much less articulate about removing the barriers to inclusion in the organization as a core value of their networks. We conclude that the value of diversity networks is limited when these networks only address the individual and group levels of equality and leave systemic inequalities at the organizational level unchallenged." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Age diversity and innovation: Do mixed teams of old and experienced and young and restless employees foster companies innovativeness? (2019)
Hammermann, Andrea; Schmidt, Jörg; Niendorf, Matthias;Zitatform
Hammermann, Andrea, Matthias Niendorf & Jörg Schmidt (2019): Age diversity and innovation: Do mixed teams of old and experienced and young and restless employees foster companies innovativeness? (IAB-Discussion Paper 04/2019), Nürnberg, 31 S.
Abstract
"Die Erwerbsbevölkerung in Deutschland altert rasant, gleichzeitig nimmt aber auch die Altersheterogenität in den Belegschaften zu. In der Literatur finden sich sowohl Hinweise auf einen positiven wie auch einen negativen Einfluss der Altersheterogenität auf den Teamerfolg. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, inwieweit die Altersheterogenität die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Betriebs beeinflusst, Produkt- oder Verfahrensinnovationen hervorzubringen. Auf Basis von Linked Employer-Employee-Daten des Instituts für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB) der Jahre 2009 bis 2013 werden verschiedene Indikatoren zur Messung der Altersheterogenität in der Belegschaft verwendet (Varietät, Separation, Disparität). Im Ergebnis findet sich ein negativer Effekt des Durchschnittsalters auf die Innovationsfähigkeit, allerdings erhöhen die Standardabweichung des Alters und die durchschnittliche Alterslücke die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Betriebs, Innovationen hervorzubringen. Eine Gleichverteilung der Altersstruktur zeigt hingegen keinen Zusammenhang zur betrieblichen Innovationsfähigkeit. Die unterschiedlichen Ergebnisse zur Heterogenität des Alters und der Betriebszugehörigkeitsdauer weisen zudem auf eine höhere Bedeutung des allgemeinen Humankapitals für kreative Prozesse hin - im Vergleich zum Humankapital, welches betriebsspezifisch erworben wird." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Unternehmensmonitor Familienfreundlichkeit 2019 (2019)
Hammermann, Andrea; Stettes, Oliver; Schmidt, Jörg;Zitatform
Hammermann, Andrea, Jörg Schmidt & Oliver Stettes (2019): Unternehmensmonitor Familienfreundlichkeit 2019. (Unternehmensmonitor Familienfreundlichkeit 06), Berlin, 33 S.
Abstract
"Der 'Unternehmensmonitor Familienfreundlichkeit 2019' wurde zum sechsten Mal seit 2003 gefördert durch das Bundesfamilienministerium vom Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln (IW Köln) vorgelegt. Der Unternehmensmonitor besteht seit der Erhebung 2015 aus einer repräsentativen Unternehmensbefragung und einer repräsentativen Beschäftigtenbefragung. Er gibt Auskunft zum Stand der Familienfreundlichkeit in deutschen Unternehmen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)