Armut, Arbeitsmarktintegration und gesellschaftliche Teilhabe
Armut wirkt sich negativ auf das Wohlbefinden und die Partizipationschancen der Betroffenen aus. Stabile Arbeitsmarktintegration gilt demgegenüber als eine wichtige Voraussetzung für gesellschaftliche Teilhabe.
Dieses Dossier stellt Literaturnachweise zur Frage zusammen, welchen Einfluss Armut und Beschäftigungsunsicherheit auf die soziale Integration haben.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
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Literaturhinweis
The uneven effects of conditional cash transfers on women and men (2025)
Zitatform
Aparicio Fenoll, Ainoa & Roberto Quaranta (2025): The uneven effects of conditional cash transfers on women and men. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 94. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102695
Abstract
"We compare the effects of training-conditional and unconditional cash transfer programs on the labor market outcomes of women and men. We use the experiment in Del Boca et al. (2021) where low-income households are randomly assigned to one of three groups: cash transfer conditional on a family-specific bundle of training programs, unconditional cash transfer with no access to those training programs, and no treatment. We exploit Social Security data, including all registered labor contracts in Italy. We find that cash transfers conditional on training have a positive and sizeable effect on males’ labor income and that this effect stays in place for at least two years after the program. Unconditional cash transfers did not affect men. In contrast, female employment is positively affected by both cash transfers regardless of access to the training, but the effect is smaller if they are conditional." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wirtschaft und soziale Ungleichheit (2025)
Zitatform
Baur, Nina & Jürgen Beyer (Hrsg.) (2025): Wirtschaft und soziale Ungleichheit. (Wirtschaft + Gesellschaft), Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 265 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-46565-0
Abstract
"Der Band leistet einen Beitrag zu der zunehmend fragmentierten Debatte zum Verhältnis von Wirtschaft und sozialer Ungleichheit. Die Untersuchung des Verhältnisses zwischen Wirtschaft und sozialer Ungleichheit ist eine der ältesten Fragen, mit denen sich die Soziologie befasst, und gewinnt vor dem Hintergrund der Krisen der vergangenen Jahre wieder zunehmend an Bedeutung. Aktuell wird in der Soziologie das Thema vor allem unter vier Aspekten diskutiert: (1) die Wahrnehmung und Bewertung von Auf- und Abstiegen und Vermögenslagen, (2) die extreme Ungleichheit aufgrund von „Winner-Take-all“-Phänomenen, (3) die Analyse von die Ungleichheit prägenden Einflüssen, die im Zusammenhang mit neuen Formen des unternehmerischen Handelns, neuen Möglichkeiten zur Koordinierung von Arbeit und nachhaltigeren Organisationsweisen stehen, sowie (4) die ländervergleichende Analyse von Abhängigkeiten zwischen Zentrum und Peripherie" (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
No one-size-fits-all solution. Effects of social policies on in-work poverty (2025)
Zitatform
Brülle, Jan (2025): No one-size-fits-all solution. Effects of social policies on in-work poverty. In: European Societies, S. 1-29. DOI:10.1162/euso.a.19
Abstract
"The paper studies effects of social policies on in-work poverty risks, distinguishing between measures that either intervene in labor market processes - i.e. predistribution policies - or redistribute towards those with low incomes. The analyses use data from EU-SILC and macro-level indicators from various sources to estimate general as well as household-typespecific effects using longitudinal methods. Results reveal important differences between specific policies: increasing minimum wages contributes to reducing low-wage risks, but has no significant effect on in-work poverty risks. In contrast, there is a negative effect of strict employment protection legislation across almost all household types on in-work poverty, which is consistent with the positive role this measure plays for supporting earnings that are sufficient to provide not only for one person, but also potential dependants in the household. With respect to redistributional policies, both unemployment benefits and benefits to low earners reduce poverty due to their contribution to public poverty-reduction. However, whereas unemployment benefits only reduce in-work poverty among couple households, benefits to low earners mainly contribute to lower poverty risks among employed single parents. Overall, the results underscore that predistributional and redistributional as well as universal and targeted interventions cannot easily substitute each other." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Work-family trajectories and poverty duration and severity in German working-age households (2025)
Gohl, Miriam;Zitatform
Gohl, Miriam (2025): Work-family trajectories and poverty duration and severity in German working-age households. In: Longitudinal and life course studies, Jg. 16, H. 3, S. 281-304. DOI:10.1332/17579597y2025d000000041
Abstract
"This study examines how work-family trajectories of households with poverty experience relate to poverty persistence across their working-age life course, using data from the German Socioeconomic Panel from 2007 to 2020 (N =1,518). Work-family trajectories are conceptualized by considering individual- and household-level explanations of poverty. Taking a life course perspective, the study explores sequences of labor market attachment, the extent of low-wage receipt and the needs-to-resource ratio in households across eight years. Methods combine multichannel sequence analysis to identify four clusters of work-family trajectories, and linear regressions to link these clusters to the cumulated length of poverty experiences and the average distance from the at-risk-of-poverty threshold across eight years. Findings reveal that most work-family trajectories among working-age households with poverty experience are dominated by low household work intensity and the presence of children, with trajectories of low-wage receipt forming less prominent patterns. Household histories of low work intensity are linked to increased poverty duration and severity. This relation is even stronger for households that simultaneously experience a high needs-to-resource ratio or frequent low-wage receipt, emphasizing the interplay between these two factors and household work intensity. High household work intensity reduces poverty persistence the most, with education identified as an important contextual factor mitigating poverty persistence. Findings suggest to reduce poverty persistence by supporting higher work intensity and regular employment in households with poverty experiences by addressing what prevents individual employment, such as upskilling or reskilling along individual strengths. Such initiatives are particularly important to decrease poverty persistence in families with children." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Poverty among migrant, mixed, and non-migrant households: the role of non-teleworkability and single-earnership in Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Hornung, Maria, Emanuela Stuffolino & Hannah Zagel (2025): Poverty among migrant, mixed, and non-migrant households: the role of non-teleworkability and single-earnership in Germany. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 51, H. 5, S. 1294-1321. DOI:10.1080/1369183x.2024.2404219
Abstract
"Migrant and mixed households have higher poverty than non-migrant households. This is partly because single-earner two-adult households are more prevalent in migrant and mixed households and because such households have different job characteristics. One crucial job characteristic is teleworkability. Whether or not individuals can work from home has become a dividing factor in the labour market. While much research has focused on how teleworkability affects poverty in the majority population, less attention has been devoted to migrant and mixed two-adult households. Using the German Microcensus (2019), we construct work arrangements based on the number of earners in the household and their job‘s teleworkability to predict poverty for non-migrant (N = 49,507), mixed (N = 6,818), and migrant households (N = 8,922). Descriptive statistics show that, in Germany, migrant and mixed households have more single-earner and non-teleworkable work arrangements. Results from logistic regressions report higher poverty for non-teleworkable and single-earner work arrangements, putting mixed and migrant households at an increased disadvantage. Furthermore, we find that migrant (and mixed) households not only have a higher prevalence of high-poverty work arrangements but also higher poverty than non-migrant and mixed households within the same work arrangements." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Basic income reduces poverty and inequality: Are there costs in terms of efficiency? (2025)
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Lara, Francisco & Xisco Oliver (2025): Basic income reduces poverty and inequality: Are there costs in terms of efficiency? In: Journal of Policy Modeling, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1016/j.jpolmod.2025.06.002
Abstract
"Growing inequality since the eighties in most developed countries, together with the effects of recent economic crises, which affected more severely to lower incomes, pushed into the political agenda the need to improve the redistribution of the tax-benefit system. Systematically, one proposal to fight poverty and inequality is the implementation of a basic income. Detractors of this proposal argue that the cost of this measure is too high and criticize the potential disincentives to work and efficiency reduction. However, most studies simulating this kind of policy ignore the effects on employment and outcome. This paper simulates a bunch of reforms that replace the personal income tax with a basic income flat tax scheme. The analysis uses a behavioral microsimulation model of the Spanish tax-benefit system, which includes labour supply reactions. The results show that basic income - flat tax reform is feasible (in the sense that tax collection is kept constant in all simulations) and reduces poverty and inequality. However, the cost in terms of efficiency, measured by gross income and labor supply, is not negligible. This reduction in efficiency reduces social welfare and offsets the improvement of the social welfare achieved by the decrease of inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Society for Policy Modeling.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Measuring and Monitoring Absolute Poverty in the European Union (2025)
Menyhert, Balint; Zec, Slavica; Kvedaras, Virmantas; Cseres-Gergely, Zsombor ; Pericoli, Filippo; Mina, Benedetta;Zitatform
Menyhert, Balint, Zsombor Cseres-Gergely, Virmantas Kvedaras, Benedetta Mina, Filippo Pericoli & Slavica Zec (2025): Measuring and Monitoring Absolute Poverty in the European Union. Cham: Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan, XXI, 443 p. DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-63953-1
Abstract
"Fueled by the recent cost of living crisis and compounding social policy challenges, absolute poverty measurement is rapidly gaining relevance in many advanced economies. Focusing on individuals' and households' minimum financial needs, absolute measures of poverty are well suited to support adequate social protection schemes and time-consistent social monitoring. The current open access publication gives a comprehensive overview of the art and science of absolute poverty measurement in an EU-wide context. It summarizes the lessons learnt from the ABSPO exploratory research project carried out by the European Commission, tasked with designing and implementing the first cross-country comparable measurement of absolute poverty in the EU. Presented as a methodological handbook for practitioners and social policy experts, the relevant material covers all aspects of the measurement process and offers a novel framework, innovative methodologies and pioneering data analysis. Taking a decidedly forward-looking and international approach to poverty thinking, ABSPO measurement tools help identify new forms and patterns of social exclusion among European societies that call for further research, improved social monitoring and effective policy action. Bálint Menyhért is an empirical economist and former research fellow at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. Zsombor Cseres-Gergely is a policy economist and former research fellow at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. Virmantas Kvedaras is an applied econometrician and former research fellow at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. Benedetta Mina is an economist and former research assistant at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. Filippo Pericoli is a quantitative economist and former research fellow at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. Slavica Zec is a statistician and former research fellow at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission." (Provided by publisher)
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Literaturhinweis
Accessibility and Capabilities: (Non‐)Take‐Up of Benefits in the Welfare Production of Poor Households (2025)
Zitatform
Nadai, Eva, Anna Gonon & Marcus Böhme (2025): Accessibility and Capabilities: (Non‐)Take‐Up of Benefits in the Welfare Production of Poor Households. In: Social Inclusion, Jg. 13. DOI:10.17645/si.10358
Abstract
"Studies of accessibility mainly focus on state welfare benefits and services. Yet, civil society actors may also provide material benefits for various needs. Drawing on the capability approach, this article examines accessibility for both state and non-state benefits from the perspective of people living in poverty. The (non-)take-up of particular benefits must be understood within the overall context of people’s welfare production, i.e., their practices of accessing, combining, and transforming resources from state, market, civil society, family, and social networks to achieve the kind of life they value. The article draws on a qualitative study examining the welfare production of 40 households living below or near the poverty line in Switzerland. It is based on three waves of semi-structured interviews, complemented by financial diaries documenting household income and expenditures. Our analysis shows how configurations of individual factors such as self-image, the endowment with social and cultural capital, and subjective cost–benefit calculations interact with institutional entitlements, conceptions of deservingness, and administrative procedures. The article identifies three ideal-typical configurations: deliberate non-take-up, extensive use of different benefits, or sporadic use of mostly small non-state benefits. Households without access to benefits are more likely to face material and social deprivation, whereas those who use both state and non-state resources enhance their capabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Comparative Assessment of Asset Requirements of Minimum Income Benefit Recipients (2025)
Pacifico, Daniele; Mroczka, Joanna;Zitatform
Pacifico, Daniele & Joanna Mroczka (2025): Comparative Assessment of Asset Requirements of Minimum Income Benefit Recipients. (OECD social, employment and migration working papers 328), Paris, 52 S. DOI:10.1787/73fbcd99-en
Abstract
"Asset tests play a key role in determining eligibility for minimum income (MI) benefits in most OECD and EU countries, yet their design, implementation, and impact remain largely underexplored. While there is broad consensus in the policy community on the importance of assessing household wealth alongside income, countries apply highly diverse and often complex rules, with unclear implications for benefit adequacy, coverage, and take-up. This paper aims to fill this information gap by providing a comparative account of asset test requirements in MI schemes, drawing on a new OECD database developed with financial support from the European commission. The database maps how countries assess various asset types and introduces a novel classification framework to group asset test features and rank their potential strictness for claimants. The paper also proposes three methodological options to quantify asset test strictness at the country level and presents an empirical application to selected EU countries. The final section discusses the trade-offs in asset test design and offers policy guidance to support equitable, efficient, and sustainable targeting of MI benefits." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ideational Power or Political Demand? Tracing the Logics of In-Work Benefit Reforms in France and the United Kingdom (2025)
Zitatform
Robertson, Ewan (2025): Ideational Power or Political Demand? Tracing the Logics of In-Work Benefit Reforms in France and the United Kingdom. In: Political studies, S. 1-28. DOI:10.1177/00323217251340856
Abstract
"In recent decades, numerous welfare states have implemented in-work benefits to ‘make work pay’ and tackle in-work poverty. To explain the adoption and institutionalization of this instrument, studies tend to emphasize either socio-political demand or ideational influences as motivators of policy decisions. However, the relative importance of these causal logics, and the relationship between them, remains ambiguous. To advance this debate, this article examines in-work benefit reforms in two welfare states: France and the United Kingdom. Examining reforms from the late 1990s to the 2010s, findings suggest that policy change and convergence were driven by an ideational rather than a demand-based logic. Reforms were more strongly motivated by the shared interpretive frameworks of policymakers and their instrumental use of ideas (ideational power) rather than the demands of voters and organized interests. This finding on the specific drivers of in-work benefits contributes wider insights into the roles of ideas in public policy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Class, gender and the work of working‐class women amid turbulent times (2025)
Zitatform
Warren, Tracey, Luis Torres, Clare Lyonette & Ruth Tarlo (2025): Class, gender and the work of working‐class women amid turbulent times. In: The British journal of sociology, Jg. 76, H. 1, S. 96-113. DOI:10.1111/1468-4446.13147
Abstract
"The article focuses on the work of working-class women (WCW) amid turbulent times. Its timespan is just prior to and during the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK. The women's work, and the key skills involved, are fundamental to everyday lives, but both have been under-valued and under-rewarded. The pandemic shone a fresh light on the societal importance of this work and highlighted how its under-valuation and the women's systemic low pay and inferior working conditions have serious ramifications not only for individual workers and their families but for the provision of key services. The article centres WCW, at the intersection of classed and gendered disadvantage, to ask about inequalities in work experiences. Analysing nationally representative samples of thousands of workers in the UK prior to and as Covid-19 rolled out, we compare WCW with other workers. We show that the women faced both persistent and new inequalities at work: enduring low earnings, pandemic-led risks to jobs and paid hours, little opportunity to work from home or flexibly, and stressful key working roles. We reveal the heavily classed nature of some of these findings, show that others were more strongly gendered, while still others were classed and gendered outcomes that require intersectional analyses of the women's working lives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Armutsgefährdung von Vollzeitbeschäftigten ist auch in der Corona-Krise nicht gestiegen (2024)
Zitatform
Beste, Jonas & Kerstin Bruckmeier (2024): Die Armutsgefährdung von Vollzeitbeschäftigten ist auch in der Corona-Krise nicht gestiegen. In: IAB-Forum H. 23.04.2024. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20240423.01
Abstract
"Vollzeitbeschäftigte waren schon immer deutlich seltener armutsgefährdet als andere Beschäftigtengruppen. Diese Diskrepanz hat sich in der Covid-19-Pandemie nochmals vergrößert. Dies zeigen neue Auswertungen der vom IAB durchgeführten Panelbefragung „Arbeitsmarkt und soziale Sicherung“ (PASS)." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Bei der IT-Ausstattung und Internetnutzung sind Personen mit SGB-II-Leistungsbezug gegenüber der Gesamtbevölkerung vielfach im Rückstand (2024)
Zitatform
Bähr, Sebastian & Mark Trappmann (2024): Bei der IT-Ausstattung und Internetnutzung sind Personen mit SGB-II-Leistungsbezug gegenüber der Gesamtbevölkerung vielfach im Rückstand. In: IAB-Forum H. 10.06.2024. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20240610.01
Abstract
"Die meisten Menschen, die Leistungen nach dem SGB II beziehen, verfügen inzwischen über einen Zugang zum Internet. Vor allem bei älteren und gering gebildeten Leistungsbeziehenden ist dies mitunter jedoch nicht der Fall. Für viele Leistungsbeziehende stellt zudem das Smartphone die einzige Zugangsmöglichkeit zum Internet dar. Daher ist ein Teil der Kundinnen und Kunden bei Dienstleistungen der Jobcenter weiterhin auf Offline-Angebote angewiesen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
State Dependence in Material and Social Deprivation in European Single-Parent Households (2024)
Zitatform
Calegari, Elena, Enrico Fabrizi & Chiara Mussida (2024): State Dependence in Material and Social Deprivation in European Single-Parent Households. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 172, H. 2, S. 481-498. DOI:10.1007/s11205-024-03317-8
Abstract
"This paper explores the dynamics of social exclusion as measured by material and social deprivation in the particularly exposed category of single-parent households. We aim to assess whether there is true state dependence in deprivation and the role of other household factors, as well as that of the macro-economic and social welfare scenario. We use 2015–2018 European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions longitudinal data to explore a large set of European countries. We estimate three-level dynamic probit models that enable us to account for micro- and country-level unobserved heterogeneity. Our results suggest that material and social deprivation is likely to be a trap for single-parent households and that this effect is stronger for these households than for those composed of two adults and children. Among single-parent households, those headed by a female are worse off than those headed by a male. The policy implications of these findings are also discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Taugt die Armutsrisikoschwelle als sozialpolitische Norm? (2024)
Cremer, Georg;Zitatform
Cremer, Georg (2024): Taugt die Armutsrisikoschwelle als sozialpolitische Norm? In: Neue Zeitschrift für Sozialrecht, Jg. 33, H. 22, S. 846-851.
Abstract
"In der armutspolitischen Diskussion wird vermehrt die Armutsrisikoschwelle zur sozialpolitischen Norm erhoben, unter anderem von der Europäischen Union. Gemessen an dieser Norm scheint der Sozialstaat in allen EU-Staaten zu scheitern. Eine Erhebung der Armutsrisikoschwelle zur Norm würde erfordern, dass seitens der Politik zahlreiche methodische Entscheidungen zur Armutsmessung getroffen werden, die derzeit im Wissenschaftsbereich verantwortet werden. Auch stellten sich ungelöste Fragen: Soll die Einzelfallprüfung bei den Kosten der Unterkunft aufgegeben werden? Wie soll der Bedarf von Mehrpersonenhaushalten bestimmt werden? Die Entschärfung der Transferentzugsproblematik würde deutlich erschwert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Poverty in Europe: How long-term poverty developed following the financial crisis and what drives it (2024)
Franzen, Axel; Bahr, Sebastian;Zitatform
Franzen, Axel & Sebastian Bahr (2024): Poverty in Europe: How long-term poverty developed following the financial crisis and what drives it. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 33, H. 2, S. 482-494. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12614
Abstract
"The purpose of this paper is to provide an update on the development of the long-term relative poverty rate in Europe. We use European Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data (EU-SILC) for 26 European countries between 2009 and 2018. In addition to describing the development of long-term poverty, we also analyse the drivers of poverty on the country level via fixed effects panel regression analysis. We are particularly interested in how economic growth, employment rates, social expenditure, and short-term poverty rates are related to long-term poverty. Overall, the results show that long-term poverty has increased in 13 out of 26 countries, but was unchanged or decreased in 13 countries. Gross domestic product growth is not related to the development of long-term poverty. However, we find that male employment and social welfare expenditure reduce poverty rates. Furthermore, short-term poverty is negatively associated with long-term poverty. Hence, short-term poverty and long-term poverty rather substitute than complement each other." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Loopholes and the Incidence of Public Services: Evidence from Funding Career & Technical Education (2024)
Zitatform
Goldring, Thomas, Brian Jacob, Daniel Kreisman & Michael Ricks (2024): Loopholes and the Incidence of Public Services: Evidence from Funding Career & Technical Education. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 32390), Cambridge, Mass, 37 S. DOI:10.3386/w32390
Abstract
"In 2015, Michigan increased its Career and Technical Education (CTE) funding and changed its funding formula to reimburse programs-based student progression through program curricula. Although this change nearly doubled program completion rates, student enrollment and persistence were unaffected; instead, administrators accelerated student progress by reorganizing course curricula around notches in the new funding formula. As a result of response heterogeneity, 30% of the funding increase is transferred away from high-poverty districts to more affluent ones, underscoring how supply-side responses to loopholes shape the incidence of public services." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
‘Workers using foodbanks’: the embedding of food insecurity at the nexus of welfare and employment laws (2024)
Hayes, L.J.B.; Maynard, Naomi;Zitatform
Hayes, L.J.B. & Naomi Maynard (2024): ‘Workers using foodbanks’: the embedding of food insecurity at the nexus of welfare and employment laws. In: The Journal of Poverty and Social Justice, Jg. 32, H. 3, S. 318-342. DOI:10.1332/17598273y2024d000000026
Abstract
"In this first UK study of ‘Workers using foodbanks’, 65 per cent of research participants, including 76 per cent of those of working age, identified poor-quality employment as the root cause of their food insecurity. This primary problem of the deficient quality of jobs was characterized by insecure work, low wages, and excessive mental stress. Data revealed an environment in which workers are required to claim benefits because available employment cannot sustain their needs. A contemporary generation of ‘in-and-out-of-work[ers]’ are food insecure because of a secondary problem of inadequate welfare support. Post-pandemic welfare laws are interacting with ineffective employment rights protection to scaffold a low-wage labour market in which jobs are stripped of qualities that meet workers ’ basic needs. There is an urgent need to respond to the UKs record high incidence of food insecurity by improving the quality of available employment so that all jobs deliver adequate income, security of working arrangements, and support for good mental and physical health. ‘Workers using foodbanks’ is an aphorism that captures a contemporary reality in which the risk of food insecurity is embedded in contractual arrangements for work that are forged at the nexus of welfare and employment laws." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Policy Press) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Milieus werden kleinteiliger: Ungleichheit in Großstädten (2024)
Zitatform
Heuermann, Daniel F. & Philipp Vom Berge (2024): Die Milieus werden kleinteiliger. Ungleichheit in Großstädten. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung H. 05.11.2024 Frankfurt am Main.
Abstract
"Arbeitslosigkeit und Armut sind in den USA vor allem ein Problem der Innenstädte. Wie sieht es in Deutschland aus? Im Zeitraum zwischen 2000 und 2015 stieg die sozioökonomische Segregation zwischen Arbeitslosen und Beschäftigten in allen 80 deutschen Großstädten ausnahmslos deutlich an und wurde dabei immer kleinteiliger. Dies betraf schnell wachsende Metropolen wie München oder Hamburg, kleinere Aufsteiger wie Ingolstadt oder Regensburg, stark schrumpfende ostdeutsche Städte wie Cottbus oder Chemnitz und auch mehr oder weniger stagnierende Städte im Ruhrgebiet wie Mühlheim an der Ruhr oder Oberhausen. Manche Entwicklungen in unseren Städten lassen sich also möglicherweise aktiv begleiten und in eingeschränktem Maße politisch gestalten, ob man sie jedoch aufhalten kann (oder will), steht auf einem anderen Blatt." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku, © Frankfurter Allgemeine)
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Literaturhinweis
Wie der mediale Diskurs über Armut von den Betroffenen wahrgenommen wird: Affektpolitik auf dem Rücken der Armen? (2024)
Zitatform
Hirseland, Andreas & Stefan Röhrer (2024): Wie der mediale Diskurs über Armut von den Betroffenen wahrgenommen wird. Affektpolitik auf dem Rücken der Armen? In: A. Kerle, F. Kessl & A. Knecht (Hrsg.) (2024): Armutsdiskurse. Perspektiven aus Medien, Politik und Sozialer Arbeit, S. 159-169, 2024-07-10.
Abstract
"Dieser Beitrag setzt bestimmte Formen massenmedialer Darstellung von Armut und Armutsbetroffenen in einen etwas weiteren Kontext. Dabei sind wir von der Annahme ausgegangen, dass Form und Inhalt dieser Präsentation sich in einen jeweiligen historischen, zeitgeistigen Rahmen und dessen Blickwinkel auf den entsprechenden Gegenstand einfügen. Hier ist dieser Rahmen durch eine Abkehr der Blickrichtung weg von strukturellen Ursachen der Armut hin zu einer Fokussierung auf betroffene Individuen gekennzeichnet. Armut wird somit weniger als erlitten, sondern vielmehr als durch eigenes Verhalten und eigene (falsche) Lebensentscheidungen Leistungsbeziehender herbeigeführt dargestellt. Dieser Perspektivwechsel mag auf der einen Seite zu sozialarbeiterischen Bemühungen eines Empowerments Armutsbetroffener führen, wirft andererseits die Frage nach deren Mitverantwortung bzw. Schuld auf. Ob intendiert oder nicht, der hier in den Blick genommene massenmediale Diskursstrang kann diese Schuldvermutung fördern und verhält sich damit komplementär zu einer politischen Programmatik, die ebenfalls eher an Fragen individuellen (Fehl)Verhaltens und weniger an armutsverursachenden Strukturen ansetzt. Die auf der Fokussierung auf oft nur scheinbar missbräuchliche Inanspruchnahme von Sozialleistungen beruhende Skandalisierungsstrategie, das durch entsprechende Medienformate vorangetriebene ›Othering‹ des armen bzw. verarmten Bevölkerungsteils und dessen Positionierung als Kostgänger der arbeitenden Menschen hat sich als wirkmächtig erwiesen. Ausdruck davon ist der skeptische Blick weiter Bevölkerungsteile auf Armutsbetroffene, der von Zweifeln an deren Integrität durchsetzt ist – und die Frage aufwirft, welches Maß an Unterstützung diese verdienen. Umgekehrt jedoch müssen sich Armutsbetroffene in ihrem alltäglichen Leben und ihrem Lebensgefühl mit dem von ihnen gezeichneten (Zerr)Bild auseinandersetzen. Dabei wird die immanente Widersprüchlichkeit der hier betrachteten Faulheitsdebatte deutlich: Sie bezweifelt und fordert auf der einen Seite den ›Integrationswillen‹ der Betroffenen, verfestigt auf der anderen Seite ein essentialistisches Bild armutsbetroffener Menschen als der Gesellschaft entfremdet – erzeugt somit ein paradoxales ›Drinnen‹ und ›Draußen‹ zugleich.Wie sehr diese Form der Darstellung exkludierend wirkt, zeigt sich, wenn, wie in diesem Beitrag, Betroffene selbst zu Wort kommen. Auch wenn aktuell neue zeitgeistige Themen in den Vordergrund rücken, viele Debatten inzwischen im schwer zu durchdringenden Raum neuer sozialer Medien geführt werden und das Armutsthema massenmedial etwas in den Hintergrund gerückt ist: Der Topos des faulen Armen scheint sich –über den hierin den Mittelpunkt gerückten Rückblick auf die Hartz-IV-Debatte – nachhaltig im armutspolitischen Diskursrepertoire festgesetzt zu haben. Dies belegt nicht zuletzt die Debatte um die aktuelle Reform des deutschen ›Bürgergeldes‹.Wer diese mitverfolgt, wird unschwer auf Wiedergänger des Topos jener, vielleicht bloß vermeintlichen, ›Arbeitsverweigerer‹ stoßen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)