Pendlerinnen und Pendler am Arbeitsmarkt
Der Anteil der Pendlerinnen und Pendler an den sozialversicherungspflichtig Vollbeschäftigten wächst. Während im Jahr 1995 erst 31 Prozent zur Arbeit pendelten, waren es 2016 bereits 45 Prozent, die einen Arbeitsweg von mehr als 10 km hatten - bei weiter steigender Tendenz. Die IAB-Infoplattform erschließt Informationen zu Pendlerströmen in Ballungsräumen, zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland und in Grenzregionen.
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Literaturhinweis
Do Commuting Subsidies Drive Workers to Better Firms? (2024)
Zitatform
Agrawal, David R., Elke Jutta Jahn & Eckhard Janeba (2024): Do Commuting Subsidies Drive Workers to Better Firms? (LASER discussion papers 149), Erlangen, 55 S.
Abstract
"An unappreciated possible benefit of commuting subsidies is that they can expand the choice set of feasible jobs for workers in a way that facilitates better job match quality. Variation in wages and initial commuting distances, combined with major reforms to the commuting subsidy formula in Germany, generates worker-specific variation in commuting subsidy changes. We study the effect of changes in these subsidies on a worker’s position in the wage distribution. Increases in the generosity of commuting subsidies induce longer commutes and workers to switch to higherpaying jobs. Although increases in commuting subsidies generally induce workers to switch to employers that pay higher wages, commuting subsidies also enhance positive assortativity in the labor market by better matching high-ability workers to higher-productivity plants. Greater assortativity induced by commuting subsidies corresponds to greater earnings inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
There and Back Again: Women's Marginal Commuting Costs (2024)
Zitatform
Bergemann, Annette, Stephan Brunow & Isabel Stockton (2024): There and Back Again: Women's Marginal Commuting Costs. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16890), Bonn, 67 S.
Abstract
"We estimate female and male workers' marginal willingness to pay to reduce commuting distance in Germany, using a partial-equilibrium model of job search with non-wage job attributes. Commuting costs have implications not just for congestion policy, spatial planning and transport infrastructure provision, but are also relevant to our understanding of gender differences in labour market biographies. For estimation, we use a stratified partial likelihood model on a large administrative dataset for West Germany to flexibly account for both unobserved individual heterogeneity and changes dependent on wages and children. We find that an average female childless worker is willing to give up daily €0.27 per kilometre (0.4% of the daily wage) to reduce commuting distance at the margin. The average men's marginal willingness to pay is similar to childless women's over a large range of wages. However, women's marginal willingness to pay more than doubles after the birth of a child contributing substantially to the motherhood wage gap. A married mixed-sex couple's sample indicates that husbands try to avoid commuting shorter distances than their wives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Working from Home Increases Work-Home Distances (2024)
Zitatform
Coskun, Sena, Wolfgang Dauth, Hermann Gartner, Michael Stops & Enzo Weber (2024): Working from Home Increases Work-Home Distances. (IAB-Discussion Paper 06/2024), Nürnberg, 39 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.DP.2406
Abstract
"Wir untersuchen, wie die verstärkte Nutzung von Homeoffice während und nach der Covid-19-Pandemie die Art und Weise beeinflusst, wie der Arbeitsmarkt und die Wahl von Wohn- und Arbeitsort interagieren. Für unsere Analyse kombinieren wir Individualdaten zu Erwerbsbiografien in Deutschland und einen neuen Homeoffice-Potenzialindikator, der auf umfassenden Daten zu berufsspezifischen Arbeitsbedingungen basiert. Wir stellen fest, dass sich im Zuge der Covid-19-Pandemie Arbeitsplatz und Wohnort von Beschäftigten in Berufen, die von zu Hause aus ausgeübt werden können, weiter entfernt haben: Der Zusammenhang zwischen Homeoffice-Potenzial und Entfernung zwischen Arbeitsplatz und Wohnort hat seit 2021 stetig zugenommen. Zuvor war der Zusammenhang über einen längeren Zeitraum stabil. Der Effekt ist für neue Arbeitsplätze im Vergleich zu bestehenden Arbeitsplätzen sehr viel größer. Im Vergleich zur Zeit vor der Pandemie, sind Jobs mit hohem Homeoffice-Potenzial im Durchschnitt weiter entfernt von den Wohnorten der Beschäftigten, die in diese Jobs gewechselt haben. Der größere Teil dieses Effekts ist auf Arbeitsplätze in Großstädten zurückzuführen, was darauf hindeutet, dass die Arbeit von zu Hause aus die Einschränkungen durch angespannte Wohnungsmärkte mildert. Wir finden dabei keine signifikanten Hinweise darauf, dass sich Pendelgewohnheiten bei Frauen oder Männern stärker verändert haben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Coskun, Sena ; Weber, Enzo ; Dauth, Wolfgang ; Gartner, Hermann ; Stops, Michael ;Ähnliche Treffer
Weiterführende Informationen
Kurzfassung in: IZA world of labor, (2024), 16.04.2024, 1 S. -
Literaturhinweis
Working from Home Increases Work-Home Distances (2024)
Zitatform
Coskun, Sena, Wolfgang Dauth, Hermann Gartner & Michael Stops (2024): Working from Home Increases Work-Home Distances. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16855), Bonn, 38 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines how the shift towards working from home during and after the Covid-19 pandemic shapes the way how labor market and locality choices interact. For our analysis, we combine large administrative data on employment biographies in Germany and a new working from home potential indicator based on comprehensive data on working conditions across occupations. We find that in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, the distance between workplace and residence has increased more strongly for workers in occupations that can be done from home: The association of working from home potential and work-home distance increased significantly since 2021 as compared to a stable pattern before. The effect is much larger for new jobs, suggesting that people match to jobs with high working from home potential that are further away than before the pandemic. Most of this effect stems from jobs in big cities, which indicates that working from home alleviates constraints by tight housing markets. We find no significant evidence that commuting patterns changed more strongly for women than for men." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Working from Home Increases Work-Home Distances (2024)
Zitatform
Coskun, Sena, Wolfgang Dauth, Hermann Gartner, Michael Stops & Enzo Weber (2024): Working from Home Increases Work-Home Distances. (CEPR discussion paper / Centre for Economic Policy Research 18914), London, 38 S.
Abstract
"Wir untersuchen, wie die verstärkte Nutzung von Homeoffice während und nach der Covid-19-Pandemie die Art und Weise beeinflusst, wie der Arbeitsmarkt und die Wahl von Wohn- und Arbeitsort interagieren. Für unsere Analyse kombinieren wir Individualdaten zu Erwerbsbiografien in Deutschland und einen neuen Homeoffice-Potenzialindikator, der auf umfassenden Daten zu berufsspezifischen Arbeitsbedingungen basiert. Wir stellen fest, dass sich im Zuge der Covid-19-Pandemie Arbeitsplatz und Wohnort von Beschäftigten in Berufen, die von zu Hause aus ausgeübt werden können, weiter entfernt haben: Der Zusammenhang zwischen Homeoffice-Potenzial und Entfernung zwischen Arbeitsplatz und Wohnort hat seit 2021 stetig zugenommen. Zuvor war der Zusammenhang über einen längeren Zeitraum stabil. Der Effekt ist für neue Arbeitsplätze im Vergleich zu bestehenden Arbeitsplätzen sehr viel größer. Im Vergleich zur Zeit vor der Pandemie, sind Jobs mit hohem Homeoffice-Potenzial im Durchschnitt weiter entfernt von den Wohnorten der Beschäftigten, die in diese Jobs gewechselt haben. Der größere Teil dieses Effekts ist auf Arbeitsplätze in Großstädten zurückzuführen, was darauf hindeutet, dass die Arbeit von zu Hause aus die Einschränkungen durch angespannte Wohnungsmärkte mildert. Wir finden dabei keine signifikanten Hinweise darauf, dass sich Pendelgewohnheiten bei Frauen oder Männern stärker verändert haben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Coskun, Sena ; Gartner, Hermann ; Weber, Enzo ; Dauth, Wolfgang ; Stops, Michael ;Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IAB-Discussion Paper, 6/2024 -
Literaturhinweis
Räumliche Mobilität der Beschäftigten in Deutschland: Frauen pendeln kürzer als Männer (2024)
Zitatform
Fuchs, Michaela, Ramona Jost & Antje Weyh (2024): Räumliche Mobilität der Beschäftigten in Deutschland: Frauen pendeln kürzer als Männer. (IAB-Kurzbericht 04/2024), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2404
Abstract
"Für einen Großteil der Beschäftigten in Deutschland gehört das Pendeln zwischen Arbeitsort und Wohnort zum Arbeitsalltag. Dabei wenden Frauen weniger Zeit auf als Männer, um ihren Pendelweg zurückzulegen. Mithilfe der geografischen Koordinaten von Wohnort- und Arbeitsortadressen wird eine hypothetische Pendelzeit bestimmt, die Pendlerinnen und Pendler auf dem kürzesten Weg mit dem Auto benötigen. Die Autorinnen untersuchen das Pendelverhalten von sozialversicherungspflichtigen Vollzeitbeschäftigten und diskutieren verschiedene Aspekte, die in Zusammenhang mit der geringeren räumlichen Mobilität von Frauen stehen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Aktuelle Daten und Indikatoren: Regionale Unterschiede im Gender Pay Gap in Deutschland 2022
- Pendelzeit der vollzeitbeschäftigten Frauen, Frauenanteil und Pendellücke – nach 14 Berufssegmenten im Jahr 2017
- IAB-Forum-Beitrag: Der Equal Pay Day unter der Lupe
- Verteilung der Pendelzeiten von vollzeitbeschäftigten Frauen und Männern im Jahr 2017
- Pendelzeiten von vollzeitbeschäftigten Frauen und Männern zwischen städtischen und ländlichen Räumen sowie Pendellücke 2017
- Pendelzeiten von vollzeitbeschäftigten Frauen und Männern sowie Pendellücke 2000 bis 2017
- IAB-Forum-Interview: Regionaler Gender Pay Gap: Die Branchenstruktur vor Ort macht den Unterschied
- Pendelzeit und Tagesentgelt vollzeitbeschäftigter Frauen und Männer 2017
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Literaturhinweis
How many gaps are there? Investigating the regional dimension of the gender commuting gap (2024)
Zitatform
Fuchs, Michaela, Ramona Jost & Antje Weyh (2024): How many gaps are there? Investigating the regional dimension of the gender commuting gap. In: Papers in Regional Science. DOI:10.1016/j.pirs.2024.100005
Abstract
"This paper investigates the gender gap in commuting by differentiating between the place of residence and work in urban and rural regions. Using administrative geo-referenced data for Germany and applying decomposition techniques, we provide evidence for a triple gap in commuting to the disadvantage of women. Apart from the overall gap, the regional disaggregation uncovers a further gap among workers commuting between rather than within regions, with the highest gap among commuters between rural regions. Occupational segregation and establishment size are the most relevant factors for explaining the gender commuting gaps." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Cross-border work in EU and EFTA countries (2024)
Gasperini, Michela; Geraci, Matthew;Zitatform
Gasperini, Michela & Matthew Geraci (2024): Cross-border work in EU and EFTA countries. Brussels, 39 S. DOI:10.2767/826498
Abstract
"Cross-border work is on the rise within the European Union. There were approximately 1.8 million cross-border workers reported in the EU and EFTA in 2022. This represents an increase of 8% compared to 2021 levels and a full recovery to pre-pandemic levels4. Using Eurostat data on employed persons aged 20-64, this report examines cross-border flows between NUTS-1 regions in the EU and EFTA. The analysis first identifies the main regions of destination for cross-border commuters as well as the key regions of origin for these workers. It then looks in more detail at the flows of workers between bordering and non-bordering regions in EU and EFTA countries. A comparison of these cross-border commuting hotspots with the geographical coverage of existing EURES cross-border partnerships highlights alignment and gaps in services for cross-border workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Persistence of commuting habits: context effects in Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Jost, Ramona (2024): Persistence of commuting habits: context effects in Germany. In: The Annals of Regional Science, Jg. 72, H. 3, S. 837-862., 2023-05-03. DOI:10.1007/s00168-023-01223-4
Abstract
"In this study, I investigate the commuting behavior of workers in Germany. Using comprehensive geo-referenced administrative employee and form data, I can calculate the exact commuting time and the distance between workers’ residence and workplace locations. Based on a behavioral economic approach (Simonson and Tveresky in J Mark Res 29:281–295, 1992), I show that individual commuting decisions are influenced by wages and individual heterogeneity as well as depending on the context individuals observed in the past. In particular, my results show that previously observed commutes have an impact on subsequent commuting behavior: workers choose longer commuting times in the region they recently moved to when the average commute in the region they left was longer. The results indicate that while selectivity and sorting do not influence the effect of the context, the inclusion of individual fixed effects is crucial." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does temporary employment increase length of commuting? Longitudinal evidence from Australia and Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Laß, Inga, Thomas Skora, Heiko Rüger, Mark Wooden & Martin Bujard (2024): Does temporary employment increase length of commuting? Longitudinal evidence from Australia and Germany. In: Transportation, Jg. 51, H. 4, S. 1467-1491. DOI:10.1007/s11116-023-10374-4
Abstract
"On average, temporary jobs are far less stable than permanent jobs. This higher instability could potentially lower workers' incentives to relocate towards the workplace, thereby resulting in longer commutes. However, surprisingly few studies have investigated the link between temporary employment and commuting length. Building on the notion that individuals strive to optimize their utility when deciding where to work and live, we develop and test a theoretical framework that predicts commuting outcomes for different types of temporary workers – fixed-term, casual and temporary agency workers – and in different institutional contexts. We estimate fixed-effects regression models using 17 waves of data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey and the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). As expected, the results show that the link between temporary employment and commuting length varies by employment type and institutional context. Agency work is associated with longer commutes than permanent work in both countries, whereas this applies to fixed-term contracts for Germany only. For casual work, the findings suggest no commuting length differential to permanent employment. In terms of policy, our findings suggest lengthy commuting can be a side effect of flexible labour markets, with potentially negative implications for worker well-being, transportation management and the environment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Long Haul Home: The Relationship between Commuting Distance, Work Hours, Work-to-Family Conflict, and Psychological Distress (2024)
Zitatform
Montazer, Shirin & Marisa Young (2024): The Long Haul Home: The Relationship between Commuting Distance, Work Hours, Work-to-Family Conflict, and Psychological Distress. In: Socius, Jg. 10. DOI:10.1177/23780231241258361
Abstract
"Our study reevaluates the impact of commuting on mental health, challenging the prevailing view of commuting solely as a job-related demand or stressor that leads to increased mental health problems. Using the 2011 Neighbourhood Effects on Health and Well-Being Study from Toronto, we explore the dual perspectives of commuting distance as a stressful demand versus a potentially beneficial resource among parents of minor children (n = 299). Multivariate results reveal that commuting distance alone is not significantly linked to mental health as measured by psychological distress. However, the nature of commuting—whether it is viewed as a demand or a resource—depends on other factors in parents’ lives. Specifically, our results indicate that an increase in commuting distance exacerbates the negative effects of work hours on psychological distress while simultaneously buffering against the impact of work-to-family conflict on this outcome irrespective of gender." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Immer mehr Menschen pendeln aus Osteuropa nach Deutschland (2024)
Seibert, Holger;Zitatform
Seibert, Holger (2024): Immer mehr Menschen pendeln aus Osteuropa nach Deutschland. In: IAB-Forum H. 15.04.2024 Nürnberg. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20240415.01
Abstract
"Menschen, die vom Ausland aus zum Arbeiten nach Deutschland pendeln, sind hierzulande eine kleine, aber wachsende Gruppe von Beschäftigten. Sie kamen bis 2011 hauptsächlich aus Westeuropa. Heute stammen sie dagegen überwiegend aus Osteuropa. Diese sogenannten Grenzpendler*innen unterscheiden sich mit Blick auf die ausgeübten Berufe und das Anforderungsniveau ihrer Tätigkeiten deutlich. Da sie häufig in Engpassberufen arbeiten, sind sie eine wichtige Ressource für den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Seibert, Holger; -
Literaturhinweis
Migration, daily commuting, or second residence? The role of location-specific capital and distance to workplace in regional mobility decisions (2024)
Zitatform
Skora, Thomas, Knut Petzold & Heiko Rüger (2024): Migration, daily commuting, or second residence? The role of location-specific capital and distance to workplace in regional mobility decisions. In: Demographic Research, Jg. 50, S. 967-1004. DOI:10.4054/demres.2024.50.33
Abstract
"Background: If a new job is located in a different region from the place of residence, individuals or households can choose between moving or commuting. However, so far mobility alternatives and their drivers remain under-researched from a comparative perspective. Objective: We investigate the determinants of the mobility choices of individuals who have taken a distant job (50 km or more), considering three options, (1) permanent migration, (2) daily commuting, (3) weekly commuting (i.e., a second residence), thereby focusing on the interplay between migration costs linked to different sources of location-specific capital (property ownership, working partner, school-age children) and transition costs linked to the distance travelled. Methods: We use longitudinal data from the German Socio-economic Panel (SOEP, 2001–2019) and estimate probit regression models with Heckman correction to account for sample selection. Results: We find that a large distance to the workplace favors the decision to migrate or to commute weekly, while a high endowment with location-specific capital favors daily or weekly commuting. Weekly commuting is particularly chosen when both migration and transition costs are very high. However, parents of school-age children are more inclined to commute daily, suggesting that they are often more willing to accept high transition costs than to be separated from their family during the week. Contribution: This study is one of the first to differentiate between daily and weekly commuting in a comparative analysis of mobility determinants. It complements previous findings by relying on a precise measure of spatial distance and examining real mobility behavior instead of self-reported mobility intentions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Max-Planck-Institut für demographische Forschung) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
'When the Daily Commute Stops': A Long-Distance Commuter's Reflections on Commuting and Telecommuting across the COVID-19 Pandemic (2024)
Zitatform
Trusson, Clive, Gwen K-W. Chen & John Bridger (2024): 'When the Daily Commute Stops': A Long-Distance Commuter's Reflections on Commuting and Telecommuting across the COVID-19 Pandemic. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 38, H. 1, S. 279-290. DOI:10.1177/09500170231188660
Abstract
"This article foregrounds the working experience of a knowledge worker in the United Kingdom across three years (2019–2022) that included periods of ‘lockdown’ and other social restrictions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Across seven separate interview extracts, it offers a longitudinal narrative on the lived experience of substituting a workday comprising a long-distance commute by car to work ‘standard’ hours for an extended workday telecommuting from home. Over time the worker paradoxically recognises that telecommuting entails added pressures of work intensification, extensification and greater domestic responsibility but this is preferable to returning to a long-distance dissatisfying commute. The reflexive narrative reveals how he embraces the pressures of telecommuting through job crafting to re-identify as an autonomous professional and more engaged care-giving parent. The article contributes to the literature on hybrid/flexible forms of work organisation emerging from the pandemic by indicating the importance of micro-level considerations and implications for gender equality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Time Savings When Working from Home (2023)
Aksoy, Cevat Giray; Barrero, José María; Bloom, Nicholas ; Dolls, Mathias; Zarate, Pablo ; Davis, Steven J.;Zitatform
Aksoy, Cevat Giray, José María Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, Steven J. Davis, Mathias Dolls & Pablo Zarate (2023): Time Savings When Working from Home. In: AEA papers and proceedings, Jg. 113, S. 597-603. DOI:10.1257/pandp.20231013
Abstract
"We quantify the commute time savings associated with work from home, drawing on data for 27 countries. The average daily time savings when working from home are 72 minutes in our sample. We estimate that work from home saved about two hours per week per worker in 2021 and 2022, and that it will save about one hour per week per worker after the pandemic ends. Workers allocate 40 percent of their time savings to their jobs and about 11 percent to caregiving activities. People living with children allocate more of their time savings to caregiving." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The tax treatment of commuting expenses and job-related mobility (2023)
Baumgart, Eike; Hechtner, Frank; Blaufus, Kay;Zitatform
Baumgart, Eike, Kay Blaufus & Frank Hechtner (2023): The tax treatment of commuting expenses and job-related mobility. (Arqus discussion paper / Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre 280), Berlin, 62 S.
Abstract
"Amid global climate change concerns, policymakers worldwide are increasingly scrutinizing environmentally harmful subsidies. This study examines the tax-deductibility of job-related commuting expenses, which has faced criticism for promoting longer commutes and congestion. Through a controlled, randomized survey experiment, we confirm that the tax-deductibility of commuting expenses results in longer commutes but does so with minimal economic impact. Increasing the deduction rate by e0.10 leads to an average acceptance of 377-meter-longer commutes. Surprisingly, subjects are inattentive to changes in the tax deduction's size when such changes are presented as tax-deductible expenses rather than as direct cash effects. In contrast, abolishing the tax deductibility significantly reduces average commuting distances by nearly 9 percent. These findings highlight people's responsiveness to the mere presence of the commuter tax break while being less sensitive to its specific size. Policymakers should consider these findings when evaluating the effectiveness of such tax deductions in mitigating climate change or their economic efficiency effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Das Regionalmodell QMORE (2023)
Bernardt, Florian; Parton, Frederik; Ulrich, Philip;Zitatform
Bernardt, Florian, Frederik Parton & Philip Ulrich (2023): Das Regionalmodell QMORE. In: G. Zika, M. Hummel, T. Maier & M. I. Wolter (Hrsg.) (2023): Das QuBe-Projekt: Modelle, Module, Methoden, S. 149-175.
Abstract
"Zusammen mit dem Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung (BIBB) und dem Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB) erstellt die Gesellschaft für Wirtschaftliche Strukturforschung (GWS) seit 2010 in einem regelmäßigen Turnus („Wellen“) eine Basisprojektion zur langfristigen Entwicklung des Arbeitskräftebedarfs und -angebots nach Qualifikationen und Berufen. Die Übertragung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung in die Regionen erfolgt im Modell QMORE (QuBe – MOnitoring REgional). Es enthält die räumlichen Ebenen der Bundesländer, Raumordnungsregionen sowie Landkreise und kreisfreie Städte. Dabei wird nach 37 Wirtschaftszweigen und 37 Berufshauptgruppen unterschieden, wodurch die Projektion von berufsspezifischen regionalen Fachkräfteengpässen am Arbeitsort möglich wird. Die Regionalmodellierung basiert auf einer detaillierten empirischen Erfassung von regionalen Wirtschaftsstrukturen und einer systematischen Analyse von branchenspezifischen Wachstumsunterschieden zwischen der jeweiligen räumlichen Ebene und der übergeordneten Region. Dabei werden spezifische über- und intraregionale Wirkungs- bzw. Entwicklungszusammenhänge, beispielsweise Einflüsse der Bevölkerungsentwicklung, Pendlerbeziehungen und Lieferbeziehungen innerhalb der Region erfasst. Die Projektionen sind damit in ein konsistentes, gesamtwirtschaftliches Gerüst eingebettet, welches den Entwicklungsvergleich mit anderen (kreisscharf zusammengeschnittenen) Regionen ermöglicht." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Being a long distance out-commuter or home employee in a rather peripheral region evidence of a German federal state (2023)
Zitatform
Brunow, Stephan & Ramona Jost (2023): Being a long distance out-commuter or home employee in a rather peripheral region evidence of a German federal state. In: Review of regional research, Jg. 43, H. 2, S. 317-342., 2023-08-07. DOI:10.1007/s10037-023-00194-5
Abstract
"Many firms in Germany are short of qualified workers, whereby East German regions are particularly affected because of the out-migration to West Germany after the reunification. This gives rise to an important debate for regional policy as the shortage of workers is a major challenge for each region and firm. In this context, out-commuters—workers who commute to work in another region—become an important group of employees to potentially satisfy local labour needs. In this study, we take a closer look at out-commuters in a particular eastern German region—the Federal State Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (MV)—and address the question whether out-commuters are a selective group of individuals working in e.g. occupations or industries that are rarely needed for labour market requirements in MV. Further, we focus on the wage differential between out-commuters and workers who are living and working in MV (home employees). The determination of the factors that explain this wage gap can provide new insights and a deeper understanding of the labour market in MV. This can provide a basis to work out potential strategies to attract the group of out-commuters for a workplace in MV to reduce the complained labour shortage. The derived evidence suggests that only few out-commuters can be recalled, as the labour demand in MV and the respective wage level are too low and the economic structure is too weak to sufficiently gain back out-commuters. Especially females suffer from the job-market weakness in MV." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Struktur und Entwicklung der Pendelverflechtungen des Agenturbezirks München (2023)
Zitatform
Böhme, Stefan, Lutz Eigenhüller & Anja Rossen (2023): Struktur und Entwicklung der Pendelverflechtungen des Agenturbezirks München. (IAB-Regional. Berichte und Analysen aus dem Regionalen Forschungsnetz. IAB Bayern 02/2023), Nürnberg, 45 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.REBY.2302
Abstract
"Im Jahr 2022 war die Einpendelquote des Agenturbezirks Münchens mit 41,1 Prozent die höchste in Bayern. Die Auspendlerquote war mit 17 Prozent dagegen eine der niedrigsten im Bundesland. Die Zahl der Pendler*innen ist in den letzten Jahren nahezu kontinuierlich gewachsen. Die Zahl der Einpendler*innen lag 2022 mit rund 499.000 Personen um 33 Prozent höher als 2013. Die Zahl der Auspendler*innen belief sich auf 144.000 und der Zuwachs betrug sogar 43 Prozent. Die meisten Einpendler*innen kommen aus den direkt an den Agenturbezirk München angrenzenden Kreisen. Allerdings zeigen die Daten auch, dass sie immer größere Entfernungen zurücklegen und die Zahl der Fernpendler*innen deutlich zugenommen hat. Erhöht hat sich vor allem die Zahl der Einpendler*innen aus anderen deutschen Großstädten bzw. Zentren. Bei den Auspendler*innen zeigen sich ähnliche Entwicklungen. Die Analyse des Pendelverhaltens nach den Strukturmerkmalen Geschlecht, Arbeitszeit, Anforderungsniveau und Staatsangehörigkeit zeigt meist die erwarteten Muster. Eine Ausnahme sind bspw. die relativ hohen Anteile der Fernpendler*innen auf dem Helferniveau. Deutliche Unterschiede gibt es beim Pendelverhalten nach Wirtschaftszweigen sowohl was die Pendelquoten als auch was den Anteil von Fernpendler*innen angeht. Insgesamt ergibt sich der Eindruck einer immer stärker werdenden Verflechtung des Münchner Arbeitsmarkts sowohl mit dem Umland als auch mit weiter entfernten Regionen. Für Arbeitsmarktakteure kann dies auch bedeuten, dass sich neue Perspektiven auf Personalrekrutierung und -vermittlung ergeben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Gender Differences in Commuting: New Evidence from Spain (2023)
Zitatform
Casado-Díaz, José M., Raquel Simón-Albert & Hipólito Simón (2023): Gender Differences in Commuting: New Evidence from Spain. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 169, H. 3, S. 907-941. DOI:10.1007/s11205-023-03183-w
Abstract
"This article examines the origins of the shorter commutes typically observed for women, a phenomenon that contributes to the poorer work outcomes they typically suffer. The analysis extends previous research on the gender gap in commuting by using econometric decomposition techniques that are novel in this field which, combined with a Spanish nationally representative survey that allows for an exhaustive control of the different elements identified in the literature as possible determinants of gender differences in commuting to work, allows quantifying the specific influence of a wide range of individual, family, territorial and work-related elements. The evidence obtained shows that the gender gap in commuting is not the result of the relative characteristics of women, but of the presence of a systematic pattern of lower mobility that emerges when women are compared with observationally similar men. Yet, this pattern of lower mobility is not observed for certain groups of women whose behavior in the labor market is generally more egalitarian, such as women with higher education, without family responsibilities or without a partner, which is consistent with the presence of cultural or social constraints that tend to limit women's mobility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))