MINT-Berufe
Der Bedarf an hochqualifizierten Fachkräften in Deutschland in den Bereichen Mathematik, Informatik, Naturwissenschaften und Technik (MINT) steigt durch die zunehmende Digitalisierung und Dekarbonisierung seit Jahren. Eine nachhaltige Sicherung des Fachkräftenachwuchses kann u. a. dadurch realisiert werden, die berufliche bzw. akademische Ausbildungen in MINT-Fächern attraktiv zu gestalten, mehr Frauen für MINT-Berufe zu begeistern und die Zuwanderung von Fachkräften mit MINT-Qualifikationen zu vereinfachen.
Dieses Themendossier bietet aktuelle wissenschaftliche Literatur zum Thema MINT Berufsfelder. Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
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Literaturhinweis
Disaggregating Gender Income Disparities in STEM: Cohort and Family Factors in a Nordic Welfare State (2026)
Zitatform
Bairoh, Susanna, Satu Pyöriä & Niklas Mäkinen (2026): Disaggregating Gender Income Disparities in STEM: Cohort and Family Factors in a Nordic Welfare State. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 40, H. 1, S. 113-134. DOI:10.1177/09500170251366157
Abstract
"The article examines the income trajectories of women and men in STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) in Finland, a country within the Nordic labour market context that strives for gender equality. The study uses total population register data from Finnish STEM degree holders with at least a bachelor’s degree, aged 30–40 years, selecting cohorts born in 1960, 1965, 1970, 1975 and 1980 (N = 31,865). This study estimates how cohort, becoming a parent, and co-residing with a spouse affect income trajectories for women and men. The findings reveal persistent gender income disparities across cohorts, with economic turbulence potentially widening the differences. The results support the motherhood penalty and, unexpectedly, address a ‘living-alone penalty’ for men. Even with a design examining STEM graduates at the same career stage, gender differences remain significant and are not alleviated by the Nordic welfare state context." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ingenieurinnen in Deutschland – Potenziale, Herausforderungen und Entwicklungen: Teil 1: Analyse und Handlungsempfehlungen (2026)
Betz, Julia; Geis-Thöne, Wido; Plünnecke, Axel;Zitatform
Betz, Julia, Wido Geis-Thöne & Axel Plünnecke (2026): Ingenieurinnen in Deutschland – Potenziale, Herausforderungen und Entwicklungen. Teil 1: Analyse und Handlungsempfehlungen. (IW-Gutachten / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln), Köln, 49 S.
Abstract
"Deutschland steht im Innovationswettbewerb zunehmend unter Druck. Die Situation wird durch demografische Entwicklungen, sinkende Studierendenzahlen in technischen Fächern und Schwächen im Bildungssystem weiter verschärft. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist die stärkere Einbindung von Frauen in Ingenieur- und Informatikberufe von entscheidender Bedeutung, um Innovationskraft und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit zu sichern. Positiv ist vor diesem Hintergrund zu bewerten, dass der Anteil der Frauen unter allen Erwerbstätigen mit einem ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Studium (inklusive Informatik) in den letzten Jahren gestiegen ist, insbesondere unter jüngeren Erwerbstätigen. Die Frauenanteile sind dabei in Dienstleistungsbranchen wie Schule, Hochschule höher als in industriell geprägten Branchen. In den letzten Jahren haben sich auch der Anteil und die Anzahl ausländischer Frauen mit Ingenieurstudium unter den Erwerbstätigen erhöht. Die Erwerbstätigkeit von Ingenieurinnen ist sowohl in sozialversicherungspflichtigen Ingenieur- und Informatikberufen als auch in anderen Berufen oder als Beamte/Selbständige gewachsen. Betrachtet man die sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung in Ingenieur- und Informatikberufen, so sind auch hier die Frauenanteile in den letzten Jahren gestiegen – regional vor allem in den westdeutschen Flächenländern, die auf diehohen Frauenanteile im Osten Deutschlands aufholen konnten. Betrachtet man die Frauenanteile in den Ingenieur- und Informatikberufen auf Basis der 400 Kreise und Städte, so sind diese im Norden und Osten Deutschlands tendenziell etwas höher als im Westen und Süden. Die Frauenanteile in den einzelnen Ingenieurberufen unterscheiden sich zwischen den Fachrichtungen: In den Bereichen Rohstoffe, Chemie und Bau sind sie höher, während sie in den Ingenieurberufen der Metallverarbeitung und der Energie- und Elektrotechnik niedriger ausfallen. Etwa 30 Prozent der Frauen in Ingenieurberufen sind teilzeitbeschäftigt. Steigende Frauenanteile sind auch an den Hochschulen und in der Forschung gemessen durch Patentanmeldungen zu beobachten. Auch bei diesen Kennziffern bleibt aber deutliches Entwicklungspotenzial. Hier ist bereits an den Schulen und in der Berufsorientierung anzusetzen. Im Alter von 15 Jahren gibt es bei Mädchen und Jungen nur leichte Unterschiede bei den MINT-Kompetenzen, größer sind die Unterschiede bei Selbstkonzept und Interesse. Dabei sind junge Frauen noch einmal deutlich stärker für den Klimaschutz sensibilisiert als junge Männer. Aus Sicht der Unternehmen kommt den Ingenieurwissenschaften und der Informatik eine sehr große Bedeutung für Innovationen im Klimaschutz zu. Dazu ist der Bereich Gesundheit/Medizin ein großes Wachstumsfeld für die Ingenieurwissenschaften. Berechnet man die künftige Beschäftigung in den Ingenieur- und Informatikberufen in Szenarien, so wird demografiebedingt das Beschäftigungswachstum aus dem Zeitraum 2012 bis 2024 in der bevorstehenden Zeitphase bis 2035 deutlich zurückgehen. Im Aktivierungsszenario Frauen werden durch Berufs- und Studienorientierung und Mentoringprogramme Trends beim Zugang junger Frauen in die Ingenieur- und Informatikberufen zumindest zu einem Teil fortgeschrieben. Dadurch kann die Beschäftigung im Jahr 2035 gegenüber dem Basisszenario um 56.100 Frauen erhöht werden. Hierdurch entsteht ein Wertschöpfungszuwachs im Jahr 2035 in Höhe von 7,0 Milliarden Euro. Aus den Untersuchungen leiten sich Empfehlungen ab in den Handlungsfelder Berufsorientierung, familienfreundliche Arbeitswelt, familienfreundliche Infrastruktur, Zugang zu Weiterbildungsangeboten und Frauen in Führungspositionen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Women in STEM careers through the lens of career construction theory: A study on females' experiences in persisting in the engineering field (2026)
Zitatform
Bonesso, Sara & Federica Bressan (2026): Women in STEM careers through the lens of career construction theory: A study on females' experiences in persisting in the engineering field. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 164. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2025.104204
Abstract
"The persistence of female segregation in many science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) educational and occupational fields is largely ascribed to gender-specific barriers that women face during their lifespan. Relying on career construction theory, this study aims to increase the understanding of how women in STEM craft and develop their own career over time by attaining leadership positions, in comparison to their male counterparts. In this inductive qualitative research, drawing on career-based interviews on a sample of women and men in engineering, the narrative analysis reveals dynamic changes in women's career adaptability's resources (the 4C's: concern, control, curiosity, and confidence) across specific phases of the lifespan (education, early career, and upper leadership). This study expands our understanding of the role of women's agency in shaping their STEM careers, delineating the specific configurations of career adaptability resources they can deploy to constructively navigate their professional journey. Moreover, because career adaptability changes in response to environmental conditions, this study provides novel insights about the interplay between career adaptability resources and the most relevant contextual factors that support or inhibit women in the pursuit of their career development during each career phase. Overall, our research provides evidence that a lifespan approach to career development is particularly effective in sectors that are still characterized by gender norms. Practical implications are provided for women to help them self-regulate their careers, as well as for educational and organizational policies to help address the underrepresentation of women in the STEM workforce." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, ©2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Geschlechtergerecht gestalten: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Arbeitsmarkt- und Sozialpolitik (2026)
Zitatform
Bothfeld, Silke, Christian Hohendanner, Petra Schütt & Aysel Yollu-Tok (Hrsg.) (2026): Geschlechtergerecht gestalten. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Arbeitsmarkt- und Sozialpolitik. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, 471 S. DOI:10.12907/978-3-593-45932-5
Abstract
"Trotz zahlreicher Bemühungen und Erfolge in der Gleichstellungspolitik seit Ende der 1990er Jahre bestehen in der Praxis nach wie vor erhebliche geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede auf dem Arbeitsmarkt. Frauen haben nach wie vor geringere Erfolgsaussichten beim Zugang und beim Verbleib in Beschäftigung, ihre Bezahlung und ihre Aufstiegsmöglichkeiten sind schlechter. Die Beiträge dieses Bandes bieten einen umfassenden Überblick über die aktuelle geschlechtsbezogene Arbeits(marktpolitik-)forschung. Mit einem multiperspektivischen Blick auf den vergeschlechtlichten Arbeitsmarkt gelingt es dem Band, historische Aspekte, Gegenwartsanalysen sowie gesellschaftliche Transformationsprozesse und Lösungsansätze zu verbinden." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Gender pay gap trends across STEM fields: an empirical analysis (2026)
Zitatform
Cruz, João, Amélia Bastos, Sara Falcão Casaca & Isabel Proença (2026): Gender pay gap trends across STEM fields: an empirical analysis. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 46, H. 3-4, S. 426-447. DOI:10.1108/ijssp-02-2025-0090
Abstract
"Purpose: This paper analyses the gender pay gap (GPG) in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) in Portugal over the past decade, utilising official national earnings data. Design/methodology/approach: A decomposition method is applied to estimate the explained and unexplained components of the GPG both at the mean and across the distribution quartiles of national earnings. This methodology can also be applied to other sectors or countries, providing robust statistical and econometric results relating to the GPG. Findings: The results show that the GPG varies heterogeneously across STEM fields. In occupations relating to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), which are included in STEM, the GPG has been widening in recent years, in contrast to the overall trend in the labour force. Originality/value: The GPG in STEM is under-researched, with existing literature indicating a structural gap in these occupations. Understanding this GPG is essential for its reduction and for maximising human capital, which is vital for social and economic growth. This article aims to contribute to the discussion on this topic and offers potential policy recommendations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
STEM employment resiliency during recessions: Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic (2026)
Zitatform
Davis, James C., Holden A. Diethorn, Gerald R. Marschke & Andrew J. Wang (2026): STEM employment resiliency during recessions: Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic. In: Research Policy, Jg. 55, H. 1. DOI:10.1016/j.respol.2025.105361
Abstract
"STEM occupational employment suffered smaller peak-to-trough percentage declines than non-STEM employment during both the Great Recession and COVID-19 recession, suggesting a relative resiliency of STEM employment during recessions in the digital age. We exploit the sudden peak-to-trough declines in STEM and non-STEM employment during the COVID-19 recession to measure STEM recession-resiliency during the pandemic, decomposing our difference-in-differences estimate into parts explained by various sources including differences in demographics, educational attainment, job tasks, remote work capability, industry, and STEM knowledge importance on the job. We find that STEM knowledge importance on the job explains the greatest share of STEM employment resiliency, and that workers in non-STEM occupations who nonetheless use STEM knowledge experienced higher employment rates during the pandemic. We show that R&D expenditures and employment also remained resilient, suggesting only a mild effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on innovative activity. Altogether, our findings suggest that increasing opportunities for STEM training — including outside the college-track — may help improve the employment resiliency of workers during future recessions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Doing, redoing, or undoing gender of women tech founders in Germany (2026)
Zitatform
Kneip, Veronika & Melanie Slavici (2026): Doing, redoing, or undoing gender of women tech founders in Germany. In: International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Jg. 22, H. 1. DOI:10.1007/s11365-025-01103-7
Abstract
"The study focuses on German tech startups, scrutinizing what visibility women founders consider important . In this respect, to what extent they perceive “visibility” in a gendered way is particularly striking. Consequently, we ask what women founders actively do to create a particular gender-(in)dependent visibility : how do they locate themselves in the three-way interplay of reproducing the dualism of masculinity–femininity (doing gender), restructuring it (redoing gender), or eliminating it (undoing gender)? Via our dataset of 20 qualitative interviews with all-women or mixed-gender founding teams, we divide the results of our inductive analysis into gender-independent and gender-dependent dimensions. While the women founders primarily do not understand “visibility as a startup” as gendered at the organizational level, gendered self-images at the individual level exist. Organizational visibility is shaped by phases, target groups, and instruments. For individual, gender-dependent visibility, we find the three ideal types of the (internal or external) feminist, the pragmatic strategist, and the gender neutrality advocate. We link our empirical findings to the opportunities and challenges of doing, redoing, and undoing gender, showing that women tech founders are actively undoing gender in many areas. Our research provides linkages to current debates in women’s entrepreneurship literature, such as entrepreneurial identity or discourses of hypervisibility. Moreover, we deliver practical implications on how to gear women-specific networks, accelerators, and the like toward the actual needs of women founders." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Indische Beschäftigte verdienen weiterhin am meisten (2026)
Plünnecke, Axel;Zitatform
Plünnecke, Axel (2026): Indische Beschäftigte verdienen weiterhin am meisten. (IW-Kurzberichte / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2026,01), Köln, 3 S.
Abstract
"Die qualifizierte Zuwanderung leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag zur MINT-Fachkräftesicherung und stärkt die Innovationskraft Deutschlands. Erfolge der qualifizierten Zuwanderung zeigen sich auch bei den Medianbruttolöhnen: Während deutsche Vollzeitbeschäftigte Ende 2024 bei 4.177 Euro liegen, erreichen Beschäftigte aus Indien einen Medianlohn von 5.393 Euro. Dieser Unterschied ist darauf zurückzuführen, dass ein großer Anteil der indischen Beschäftigten in akademischen MINT-Berufen tätig ist." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Being a woman or being a mathematician: Self and external perceptions of female early career researchers in a mathematical cluster of excellence (2026)
Zitatform
Ransiek, Anna & Anina Mischau (2026): Being a woman or being a mathematician: Self and external perceptions of female early career researchers in a mathematical cluster of excellence. In: Current Sociology, Jg. 74, H. 3, S. 337-357. DOI:10.1177/00113921241298699
Abstract
"In Germany, equality between men and women in mathematics, particularly in scientific leadership positions, is far from being achieved. This is despite to different equality measures implemented over the last few decades. Grounded in sociology of knowledge, interaction theory, and field theory, this article analyzes possible causes and mechanisms that maintain gender differences in a mathematical cluster of excellence in which gender equality is formulated as a goal and implemented in various measures. Based on 65 semi-structured interviews, the focus is on the self-perceptions of female early career researchers as mathematicians, as well as the (gendered) attributions they have to deal with by (male and female) scientists in leadership positions against the background of the specific culture in a mathematical cluster of excellence. We highlight the tensions that female early career researchers identify in being regarded as women when they want to be perceived and recognized first as mathematicians. We shed light on how this tension is connected to the discipline and (re)produced by scientists in leadership positions in their patterns of interpretation about equality (measures)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unlikely Organizers: The Rise of Tech Worker Labor Activism (2026)
Zitatform
Tan, JS, Natalia Luka & Emily Mazo (2026): Unlikely Organizers: The Rise of Tech Worker Labor Activism. In: ILR review, Jg. 79, H. 2, S. 187-216. DOI:10.1177/00197939251375319
Abstract
"Tech workers —professionals in the technology industry, such as software engineers, product managers, and UX designers—are not normally associated with labor activism. Yet, since 2017, there has been a significant rise in workplace activism over “bread-and-butter” issues among this group. Using an original data set, the authors demonstrate how, in the case of tech workers, periods of intense workplace social activism preceded later periods of heightened labor activism. Regression analysis confirms that participation in social activism increases the likelihood of labor activism six months to one year later at the same company. Extending Rick Fantasia’s cultures of solidarity to professional workers, the authors highlight a new mechanism by which professionals engage in labor organizing: First, tech workers, guided by their professional interest in socially beneficial work, engage in workplace social activism. This action generates solidarity among employee-participants but also creates conflict with management and leads to the emergence of labor activism among professionals." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Regrets, she's had a few: Gender and regret of computer science and engineering degrees (2026)
Zitatform
VanHeuvelen, Tom, Natasha Quadlin & Jordyn Wald (2026): Regrets, she's had a few: Gender and regret of computer science and engineering degrees. In: Social science research, Jg. 135. DOI:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103298
Abstract
"In this article, we introduce a novel social fact that will be highly relevant for studies of gender inequality: women in computer science and, to a lesser extent, engineering fields report distinctly high levels of regret of their field of study compared to otherwise similar men. We develop expectations regarding gendered patterns of regret and examine them using nine waves of the Federal Reserve's Survey of Household Economics and Decisionmaking (SHED) between 2015 and 2023. Using regression decomposition techniques, we demonstrate that observed economic, occupation, industry, and sociodemographic characteristics fare poorly in explaining the high regret of women in these fields. In fact, these fields are defined by a uniquely large unexplained amount of regret among women. Our findings raise alarm for those who wish to open access to these critical CS/Engineering fields for women: such endeavors will likely fail unless deep cultural work is done to change the regret that many women feel after successfully entering these fields." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 Published by Elsevier Inc.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Affective Temporalities When Making It Within Academia. The Case of Early Career Female Scholars in STEM (2026)
Zitatform
Vertelyte, Mante (2026): Affective Temporalities When Making It Within Academia. The Case of Early Career Female Scholars in STEM. In: Gender, work & organization, Jg. 33, H. 2, S. 572-582. DOI:10.1111/gwao.70068
Abstract
"Only few women make it to permanent academic positions in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics). While working under temporary contracts, early career scientists have to fulfill a complex set of tasks in a limited amount of time and develop their CVs to compete for a permanent position. Based on interviews with early career female scientists working in the field of astrophysics at Danish universities, the article examines the affective mattering of time in their aspirations of pursuing academic positions in STEM. Specifically, through the women's narratives around the practice and notion of “having time with the telescope, ” this article analyses how intensities around telescope time affectively shape the routines of academic work and future aspirations. Asking how time comes to affectively matter in the experiences of early career female astrophysicists, the article engages with feminist new materialism and affect theory. The analysis shows how telescope time becomes an affective temporal intensity that simultaneously entangles hopes and fears for the future, the embodied gendered (im)possibilities of making it within academia, and temporal discrepancies between fixed-term academic contracts and the infinitude of scientific goals and aspirations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
MINT-Herbstreport 2025: MINT-Zuwanderung über die Hochschulen: Ein Beitrag zu Wachstum und Wohlstand (2025)
Anger, Christina; Plünnecke, Axel; Geis-Thöne, Wido; Betz, Julia;Zitatform
Anger, Christina, Julia Betz, Wido Geis-Thöne & Axel Plünnecke (2025): MINT-Herbstreport 2025: MINT-Zuwanderung über die Hochschulen. Ein Beitrag zu Wachstum und Wohlstand. (IW-Gutachten / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln), Köln, 20 S.
Abstract
"Die Ausbildung und Beschäftigung von MINT-Fachkräften, MINT-Spezialistinnen und -Spezialisten sowie MINT-Expertinnen und -Experten ist zentral für die Innovationskraft Deutschlands. Studien belegen, dass Regionen mit hohem MINT-Beschäftigtenanteil langfristig innovativer und wirtschaftlich erfolgreicher sind." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
MINT-Frühjahrsreport 2025: Arbeitsmarktbericht – Gute Gründe für MINT (2025)
Anger, Christina; Plünnecke, Axel; Betz, Julia;Zitatform
Anger, Christina, Julia Betz & Axel Plünnecke (2025): MINT-Frühjahrsreport 2025. Arbeitsmarktbericht – Gute Gründe für MINT. (IW-Gutachten / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln), Köln, 96 S.
Abstract
"Im April 2025 lagen in den MINT-Berufen insgesamt rund 387.100 zu besetzende Stellen vor. Gleichzeitig waren bundesweit 248.757 Personen arbeitslos gemeldet, die gerne einem MINT-Erwerbsberuf nachgehen würden. Daraus lässt sich in einem ersten Schritt im Rahmen einer unbereinigten Betrachtung ableiten, dass über sämtliche Anforderungsniveaus bundesweit mindestens 138.343 offene Stellen in MINTBerufen nicht besetzt werden konnten. Unter Berücksichtigung des qualifikatorischen Mismatches resultiert für April 2025 eine über sämtliche 36 MINT-Berufskategorien aggregierte Arbeitskräftelücke in Höhe von 163.600 Personen. Mit 89.600 Personen bilden die MINT-Facharbeiterberufe im April 2025 die größte Engpassgruppe, gefolgt von 56.600 Personen im Segment der MINT-Expertenberufe sowie 17.400 im Segment der Spezialisten- beziehungsweise Meister- und Technikerberufe. Im Vergleich zum Vorjahreswert aus dem April 2024 mit 234.800 ist die MINT-Lücke um 30,3 Prozent gesunken. Differenziert man die Lücke nach MINT-Bereichen, so zeigen sich im April 2025 die größten Engpässe in den Energie-/Elektroberufen mit 57.800, in den Berufen der Maschinen- und Fahrzeugtechnik mit 32.400, in den Bauberufen mit 26.100, in den Berufen der Metallverarbeitung mit 24.200 und in den IT-Berufen mit 11.200. In sonstigen MINT-Berufen beträgt die Lücke 11.900." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The gender gap in digital literacy: a cohort analysis for Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald & Friederike Hertweck (2025): The gender gap in digital literacy: a cohort analysis for Germany. In: Applied Economics Letters, Jg. 32, H. 5, S. 608-613. DOI:10.1080/13504851.2023.2277685
Abstract
"Digital skills are critical for promoting gender equality, economic empowerment, and bridging the digital divide. This paper presents stylized facts on the gender gap in digital literacy for a total of 35,661 individuals ranging from pupils to adults using data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS). We detect no gender gap in digital competences between boys and girls in lower secondary education, but the emergence of a gender gap from upper secondary education onwards. We also document that teenagers' access to digital devices is associated with higher digital skills – and sharing a computer with other household members is less detrimental for female than for male teenagers. For adults, we show that studying or working in a STEM-related field is positively associated with a female respondent's digital competences. This could be either due to digital literacy driving selection into STEM, or the effects of studying or working in STEM on digital competences. While we can identify several risk factors leading to lower digital competences, a decomposition exercise reveals that composition effects are unlikely to explain our findings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Keeping up with the Max Plancks? Germany’s quest for university excellence and the role of public research institutes in doctoral education (2025)
Zitatform
Bünstorf, Guido, Johannes König & Anne Otto (2025): Keeping up with the Max Plancks? Germany’s quest for university excellence and the role of public research institutes in doctoral education. In: Scientometrics, Jg. 130, H. 1, S. 67-108., 2024-10-21. DOI:10.1007/s11192-024-05195-w
Abstract
"Doctoral education is a crucial stage in the academic socialization of early-career researchers. Prior research has shown that career paths and activities of Ph.D.s are shaped by the universities and departments in which they were trained. To widen this focus, we analyze the role of public research organizations (PROs) and private-sector firms as organizational employment contexts of doctoral education. The empirical context of our study is Germany, where PROs and firms employ large numbers of doctoral candidates and provide the organizational environment for their dissertation research. Utilizing a novel process-generated dataset that covers about 40,000 STEM Ph.D.s who graduated from 1995 to 2011, we find that Ph.D.s employed at PROs during doctoral education are more likely to stay in academia than their university-employed peers. Despite extensive policy efforts that sought to strengthen the research performance of German universities, doctoral candidates employed at basic research-oriented PROs had the strongest cross-cohort increase in their post-graduation academic employment share. This group also experienced the most pronounced fall in the share of high post-graduation income owners. Industry-employed doctoral candidates are unlikely to migrate to the academic sector and have the highest likelihood of obtaining high post-graduation incomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer Nature) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Minding the gap(s): The uneven gendering of engineering and computing work across Europe (2025)
Zitatform
Charles, Maria (2025): Minding the gap(s): The uneven gendering of engineering and computing work across Europe. In: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, S. 1-26. DOI:10.1177/00207152251372850
Abstract
"This study investigates variability across 31 European countries in the gender composition of engineering and computing (“tech”) occupations, and possible sociocultural drivers of this variability. As previously documented for other STEM domains and geographies, the largest tech gender gaps are in the most affluent societies of Europe (which are also most postmaterialist and gender-liberal culturally). Multilevel regression models explore key attitudinal and socioeconomic predictors of this gender segregation that have been identified through previous comparative research. Results show that men, but not women, who espouse postmaterialist values have higher odds of working in engineering or computing, and that the gender-specific effects of postmaterialist values account for a substantial share of cross-country variability. Findings are consistent with research suggesting a heightened salience of gender math stereotypes to career aspirations in societies that valorize individual self-expression and “doing what you love.”" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender-essentialist beliefs and the gender gap in STEM: Evidence on the gender-essentialism theory (2025)
Zitatform
De Gioannis, Elena (2025): Gender-essentialist beliefs and the gender gap in STEM: Evidence on the gender-essentialism theory. In: Quality & quantity, Jg. 59, H. S2, S. 1229-1251. DOI:10.1007/s11135-025-02057-2
Abstract
"Horizontal gender segregation persists and is higher in more developed countries (gender-equality paradox). According to the theory of gender essentialism, more developed countries are characterized by more individualism, which in turn pushes individuals to rely more on personal characteristics when deciding about their future careers. The presence of both essentialist beliefs on gender and the endorsement of the stereotypical beliefs that math and science are “for boys” could explain the so-called paradox. By exploiting the large dataset collected by Project Implicit, the study tested the different associations of gender essentialism and implicit and explicit gender stereotypes with attitudes toward science of young women aged 15–19 in 51 countries. The results confirmed that both essentialist and stereotypical beliefs are negatively associated with attitudes toward science, still with differences in the strength of the association. Furthermore, the association between gender essentialism and attitudes toward science is stronger in more developed countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Exploring Gender Disparities in the Era of AI (2025)
Fornasari, Tommaso; Bannò, Mariasole;Zitatform
Fornasari, Tommaso & Mariasole Bannò (2025): Exploring Gender Disparities in the Era of AI. In: M. Agostini, V. Beretta, M. C. Demartini, A. Ghio & S. Trucco (Hrsg.) (2025): Diversity and Equity in Accounting. Emerging Issues, Challenges and Opportunities, S. 203-214.
Abstract
"This chapter investigates the gender disparities in the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) within the accounting profession, focusing on both the potential risks and benefits that AI presents. Automation technologies, including AI, have rapidly advanced, significantly altering the landscape of work across various industries. The integration of AI into the workforce raises concerns about widespread job displacement, particularly affecting both low-skill and high-skill positions. Our research aims to address the underexplored area of how AI impacts gender disparities in the workplace, specifically within the accounting field. Through qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews with diverse stakeholders, we analyze the risks and opportunities AI presents for women compared to men. The study seeks to uncover workforce inequalities and understand the gender-specific implications of AI, highlighting the need for equitable access to training and resources to ensure both men and women can thrive in an AI-driven work environment. The findings reveal that AI implementation can result in both positive and negative outcomes, influencing employment patterns and job satisfaction. While AI can enhance efficiency and productivity, it also poses risks such as job displacement and increased stress due to work insecurity. The gender disparity in STEM education exacerbates these issues, as women are underrepresented in fields that are crucial for AI-related job opportunities. The chapter emphasizes the importance of proactive measures, including targeted educational programs and inclusive policies, to mitigate the adverse impacts of AI and promote gender equality in the evolving job market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How to Attract Talent? Field-Experimental Evidence on Emphasizing Flexibility and Career Opportunities in Job Advertisements (2025)
Zitatform
Fuchs, Larissa, Matthias Heinz, Pia Pinger & Max Thon (2025): How to Attract Talent? Field-Experimental Evidence on Emphasizing Flexibility and Career Opportunities in Job Advertisements. (CEPR discussion paper / Centre for Economic Policy Research 20916), London, 80 S.
Abstract
"We conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a leading technology firm to study how highlighting flexibility and career advancement in job advertisements causally affects the applicant pool. Highlighting career advancement increases the number of applications from men for entry-level positions and attracts additional applicants with strong qualifications and a good fit, which in turn leads to more interview invitations. By contrast, highlighting flexibility increases applications from both women and men at the entry level but provides limited evidence of attracting higher-quality or better-fit applicants. A complementary survey experiment among STEM students shows how job advertisements shape beliefs about the firm’s job characteristics and work environment. Overall, our results show that the amenities firms choose to highlight can powerfully influence both the size and characteristics of their applicant pool." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))