Existenzgründungen aus Arbeitslosigkeit
Existenzgründungen beeinflussen den Arbeitsmarkt positiv: Gründerinnen und Gründer leisten mit ihrem Schritt in die Selbstständigkeit einen unmittelbaren Beitrag zur Senkung der Arbeitslosigkeit und entlasten damit zugleich die Arbeitslosenversicherung. Darüber hinaus können von den neugegründeten Betrieben zusätzliche Beschäftigungsimpulse ausgehen. Die Infoplattform bietet Informationen zur Struktur und den Wirkungen BA-geförderter als auch nicht-geförderter Gründungen aus Arbeitslosigkeit sowie zu den Wirkungen der freiwilligen Arbeitslosenversicherung für Selbstständige.
Zurück zur Übersicht-
Literaturhinweis
Money for nothing? Evidence on the effects of start-up subsidies on transitions from unemployment to self-employment (2024)
Zitatform
Tübbicke, Stefan (2024): Money for nothing? Evidence on the effects of start-up subsidies on transitions from unemployment to self-employment. In: Economics Letters, Jg. 235, 2024-01-09. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2024.111539
Abstract
"Start-up subsidies (SUS) aim to foster the transition of unemployed individuals into self-employment by securing their livelihood during the first months after their start-up. While the existing evidence on the effects of SUS on subsidy recipients’ labor market success and business performance is rather positive, much less is known about the degree to which SUS can actually induce additional entrepreneurial activity out of unemployment. Critics suspect that SUS are rather ineffective in increasing transitions from unemployment into self-employment, essentially handing out money for nothing. Exploiting large regional variation caused by a German policy reform at the end of 2011, this paper investigates the role of SUS for transitions from unemployment to self-employment using a difference-in-differences strategy. Results show that the reform led to large negative effects on regional transitions into subsidized as well as overall self-employment. Results imply a prominent role of public policy in shaping start-up activity from unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Do Start-Up Subsidies for the Unemployed Affect Participants’ Well-Being?: A Rigorous Look at (Un-)Intended Consequences of Labor Market Policies (2022)
Zitatform
Caliendo, Marco & Stefan Tübbicke (2022): Do Start-Up Subsidies for the Unemployed Affect Participants’ Well-Being? A Rigorous Look at (Un-)Intended Consequences of Labor Market Policies. In: Evaluation review, Jg. 46, H. 5, S. 517-554., 2020-03-23. DOI:10.1177/0193841X20927237
Abstract
"The literature on start-up subsidies (SUS) for the unemployed finds positive effects on objective outcome measures such as employment or income. However, little is known about effects on subjective well-being of participants. Knowledge about this is especially important because subsidizing the transition into self-employment may have unintended adverse effects on participants’ well-being due to its risky nature and lower social security protection, especially in the long run. We study the long-term effects of SUS on subjective outcome indicators of well-being, as measured by the participants’ satisfaction in different domains. This extends previous analyses of the current German SUS program (“Gründungszuschuss”) that focused on objective Outcomes - such as employment and income - and allows us to make a more complete judgment about the overall effects of SUS at the individual level. Having access to linked administrative-survey data providing us with rich information on pretreatment characteristics, we base our analysis on the conditional independence assumption and use propensity score matching to estimate causal effects within the potential outcomes framework. We perform several sensitivity analyses to inspect the robustness of our findings. We find long-term positive effects on job satisfaction but negative effects on individuals’ satisfaction with their social security situation. Supplementary findings suggest that the negative effect on satisfaction with social security may be driven by negative effects on unemployment and retirement insurance coverage. Our heterogeneity analysis reveals substantial variation in effects across gender, age groups, and skill levels. Estimates are highly robust." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Der Gründungszuschuss wirkt auch für Ältere und in Regionen mit hoher Arbeitslosigkeit (Serie "Evaluation von Instrumenten der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik") (2022)
Zitatform
Tübbicke, Stefan & Marco Caliendo (2022): Der Gründungszuschuss wirkt auch für Ältere und in Regionen mit hoher Arbeitslosigkeit (Serie "Evaluation von Instrumenten der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik"). In: IAB-Forum H. 16.05.2022 Nürnberg, 2022-05-11. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20220516.01
Abstract
"Mit dem Gründungszuschuss werden Gründungen aus Arbeitslosigkeit über einen Zeitraum von bis zu 15 Monaten gefördert. Bisherige Studien belegen, dass eine so geförderte Gründung Beschäftigungschancen, Jobzufriedenheit und Erwerbseinkommen der Geförderten im Schnitt deutlich erhöht. Aktuellen Analysen zufolge sind diese Effekte auch langfristig zu erwarten. Allerdings profitieren nicht alle Gruppen in gleichem Maße." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Design and effectiveness of start-up subsidies: Evidence from a policy reform in Germany (2021)
Zitatform
Caliendo, Marco & Stefan Tübbicke (2021): Design and effectiveness of start-up subsidies: Evidence from a policy reform in Germany. In: Economic analysis and policy, Jg. 70, H. June, S. 333-340., 2021-02-26. DOI:10.1016/j.eap.2021.02.015
Abstract
"While a growing body of literature finds positive impacts of Start-Up Subsidies (SUS) on labor market outcomes of participants, little is known about how the design of these programs shapes their effectiveness and hence how to improve policy. As experimental variation in program design is unavailable, we exploit the 2011 reform of the current German SUS program for the unemployed which strengthened caseworkers’ discretionary power, increased entry requirements and reduced monetary support. We estimate the impact of the reform on the program’s effectiveness using samples of participants and non-participants from before and after the reform. To control for time-constant unobserved heterogeneity as well as differential selection patterns based on observable characteristics over time, we combine Difference-in-Differences with inverse probability weighting using covariate balancing propensity scores. Holding participants’ observed characteristics as well as macroeconomic conditions constant, the results suggest that the reform was successful in raising employment effects on average. As these findings may be contaminated by changes in selection patterns based on unobserved characteristics, we assess our results using simulated-based sensitivity analyses and find that our estimates are highly robust to changes in unobserved characteristics. Hence, the reform most likely had a positive impact on the effectiveness of the program, suggesting that increasing entry requirements and reducing support increased the program’s impacts while reducing the cost per participant." (Author's abstract, © 2021 Economic Society of Australia, Queensland) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
früher (möglw. abweichend) erschienen als: IZA discussion paper -
Literaturhinweis
Der Gründungszuschuss für Arbeitslose nach der Reform 2011: Ein Erfolg wie seine Vorgänger (2021)
Zitatform
Caliendo, Marco & Stefan Tübbicke (2021): Der Gründungszuschuss für Arbeitslose nach der Reform 2011: Ein Erfolg wie seine Vorgänger. (IAB-Kurzbericht 28/2021), Nürnberg, 8 S.
Abstract
"Mit der Reform des Gründungszuschusses im Jahr 2011 wurden die Rahmenbedingungen der Gründungsförderung für Arbeitslose im Sozialgesetzbuch III umfassend reformiert und die Förderzahlen reduzierten sich drastisch. Insgesamt ist das Arbeitsmarktinstrument weiterhin ein Erfolg: Die meisten Geförderten sind auch knapp 3,5 Jahre nach der Gründung noch selbstständig und etwa ein Drittel von ihnen hat mindestens einen Beschäftigen. Von denjenigen, die ihre Selbstständigkeit inzwischen beendet haben, sind die meisten sozialversicherungspflichtig beschäftigt. Damit haben Geförderte eine deutlich höhere Beschäftigungsquote als vergleichbare Personen ohne diese Förderung. Auch ihre monatlichen Nettoverdienste sowie ihre Jobzufriedenheit sind höher. Verbesserungspotenzial gibt es allerdings bei der sozialen Absicherung: Geförderte zahlen seltener in eine Rentenversicherung oder in die Arbeitslosenversicherung ein und sind mit ihrer sozialen Absicherung unzufriedener als vergleichbare Personen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Arbeitsmarktstatus der mit einem Gründungszuschuss geförderten Gründer und Gründerinnen nach 40 Monaten
- Jährliche Eintritte in die Förderung mit einem Gründungszuschuss
- Anteil der mit einem Gründungszuschuss Geförderten, die mindestens eine Person beschäftigen, und Zahl der Beschäftigten pro Betrieb nach 40 Monaten
-
Literaturhinweis
Förderung von Existenzgründungen von Arbeitslosen: Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und der Fraktion BÜNDNIS 90/DIE GRÜNEN (Drucksache 19/23150) (2020)
Zitatform
Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales (2020): Förderung von Existenzgründungen von Arbeitslosen. Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und der Fraktion BÜNDNIS 90/DIE GRÜNEN (Drucksache 19/23150). (Verhandlungen des Deutschen Bundestages. Drucksachen 19/24030 (04.11.2020)), 14 S.
Abstract
Die Bundesregierung antwortet auf die Anfrage der Fraktion BÜNDNIS 90/DIE GRÜNEN zur Förderung von Existenzgründungen von Arbeitslosen u.a. mit Statistiken der Bundesagentur für Arbeit zum Bestand an Teilnehmenden am arbeitsmarktpolitischen Instrument Gründungszuschuss nach Ländern, sozioökonomischen Merkmalen, Wirtschaftsabteilung des Gründungsbetriebes und nach Regelleistungsberechtigten SGB II. (IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
New evidence on long-term effects of start-up subsidies: Matching estimates and their robustness (2019)
Zitatform
Caliendo, Marco & Stefan Tübbicke (2019): New evidence on long-term effects of start-up subsidies. Matching estimates and their robustness. (CEPA discussion papers 06), Potsdam, 41 S.
Abstract
"The German start-up subsidy (SUS) program for the unemployed has recently undergone a major make-over, altering its institutional setup, adding an additional layer of selection and leading to ambiguous predictions of the program's effectiveness. Using propensity score matching (PSM) as our main empirical approach, we provide estimates of long-term effects of the post-reform subsidy on individual employment prospects and labor market earnings up to 40 months after entering the program. Our results suggest large and persistent longterm effects of the subsidy on employment probabilities and net earned income. These effects are larger than what was estimated for the pre-reform program. Extensive sensitivity analyses within the standard PSM framework reveal that the results are robust to different choices regarding the implementation of the weighting procedure and also with respect to deviations from the conditional independence assumption. As a further assessment of the results' sensitivity, we go beyond the standard selection-on-observables approach and employ an instrumental variable setup using regional variation in the likelihood of receiving treatment. Here, we exploit the fact that the reform increased the discretionary power of local employment agencies in allocating active labor market policy funds, allowing us to obtain a measure of local preferences for SUS as the program of choice. The results based on this approach give rise to similar estimates. Thus, our results indicating that SUS are still an effective active labor market program after the reform do not appear to be driven by 'hidden bias'." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
Später erschienen als: Empirical Economics 59 (2020), 4, 1605–1631 -
Literaturhinweis
Catching up or lagging behind? The long-term business and innovation potential of subsidized start-ups out of unemployment (2019)
Zitatform
Caliendo, Marco, Steffen Künn & Martin Weissenberger (2019): Catching up or lagging behind? The long-term business and innovation potential of subsidized start-ups out of unemployment. (CEPA discussion papers 12), Potsdam, 44 S.
Abstract
"From an active labor market policy perspective, start-up subsidies for unemployed individuals are very effective in improving long-term labor market outcomes for participants. From a business perspective, however, the assessment of these public programs is less clear since they might attract individuals with low entrepreneurial abilities and produce businesses with low survival rates and little contribution to job creation, economic growth, and innovation. In this paper, we use a rich data set to compare participants of a German start-up subsidy program for unemployed individuals to a group of regular founders who started from non-unemployment and did not receive the subsidy. The data allows us to analyze their business performance up until 40 months after business formation. We find that formerly subsidized founders lag behind not only in survival and job creation, but especially also in innovation activities. The gaps in these business outcomes are relatively constant or even widening over time. Hence, we do not see any indication of catching up in the longer run. While the gap in survival can be entirely explained by initial differences in observable start-up characteristics, the gap in business development remains and seems to be the result of restricted access to capital as well as differential business strategies and dynamics. Considering these conflicting results for the assessment of the subsidy program from an ALMP and business perspective, policy makers need to carefully weigh the costs and benefits of such a strategy to find the right policy mix." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA discussion paper -
Literaturhinweis
Catching up or lagging behind? The long-term business and innovation potential of subsidized start-ups out of unemployment (2019)
Zitatform
Caliendo, Marco, Steffen Künn & Martin Weissenberger (2019): Catching up or lagging behind? The long-term business and innovation potential of subsidized start-ups out of unemployment. (IZA discussion paper 12690), Bonn, 34 S.
Abstract
"From an active labor market policy perspective, start-up subsidies for unemployed individuals are very effective in improving long-term labor market outcomes for participants. From a business perspective, however, the assessment of these public programs is less clear since they might attract individuals with low entrepreneurial abilities and produce businesses with low survival rates and little contribution to job creation, economic growth, and innovation. In this paper, we use a rich data set to compare participants of a German start-up subsidy program for unemployed individuals to a group of regular founders who started from non-unemployment and did not receive the subsidy. The data allows us to analyze their business performance up until 40 months after business formation. We find that formerly subsidized founders lag behind not only in survival and job creation, but especially also in innovation activities. The gaps in these business outcomes are relatively constant or even widening over time. Hence, we do not see any indication of catching up in the longer run. While the gap in survival can be entirely explained by initial differences in observable start-up characteristics, the gap in business development remains and seems to be the result of restricted access to capital as well as differential business strategies and dynamics. Considering these conflicting results for the assessment of the subsidy program from an ALMP and business perspective, policy makers need to carefully weigh the costs and benefits of such a strategy to find the right policy mix." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: CEPA discussion paper -
Literaturhinweis
Start-up Subsidies: Does the Policy Instrument Matter? (2019)
Hottenrott, Hanna; Richstein, Robert;Zitatform
Hottenrott, Hanna & Robert Richstein (2019): Start-up Subsidies: Does the Policy Instrument Matter? (SPRU working paper series 2019,23), Brighton, 48 S.
Abstract
"New knowledge-intensive firms contribute to innovation, competition, and employment growth, but externalities like knowledge spillovers can prevent entrepreneurs from appropriating the full returns from their investments. In addition, uncertainty and information asymmetry pose challenges for financing. Public policy programs therefore aim to support start-ups. This study evaluates the effects of participation in such programs on the performance of start-ups in high-tech and knowledge-intensive sectors that were founded in Germany between 2005 and 2012. Distinguishing between grants and subsidized loans and after matching recipients and non-recipients based on a broad set of founder and company characteristics, we find that both grants and subsidized loans facilitate tangible investment, employment and revenue growth. Grants are, however, better suited to increasing R&D investments than loans are. Combined with grants, subsidized loans facilitate turning research results into marketable products by means of investments in tangible assets. Start-ups that participate in both types of programs outperform grant-only recipients in terms of innovation performance, employment and future revenues. Finally, program participation does not crowd out private venture capital." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The post-reform effectiveness of the new German start-up subsidy for the unemployed (2018)
Zitatform
Bellmann, Lutz, Marco Caliendo & Stefan Tübbicke (2018): The post-reform effectiveness of the new German start-up subsidy for the unemployed. In: Labour, Jg. 32, H. 3, S. 293-319., 2018-03-28. DOI:10.1111/labr.12126
Abstract
"The current German start-up subsidy for unemployed individuals underwent a major reform in 2011 that altered key parameters of the program, leading to ambiguous ex ante predictions on the post-reform effectiveness of the program, making a new evaluation necessary. In our descriptive analysis, we find that participants after the reform differ significantly from pre-reform participants in terms of important characteristics and subsequent labor market performance. Our causal analysis reveals positive and sizable treatment effects on the treated regarding employment and income that are larger effects than what was estimated for the pre-reform program. Potential reasons for this are discussed." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Die Förderung der Selbständigkeit durch die Bundesagentur für Arbeit (2018)
Schneil, Matthias;Zitatform
Schneil, Matthias (2018): Die Förderung der Selbständigkeit durch die Bundesagentur für Arbeit. (Schriften zur Existenz- und Unternehmensgründung 06), Hamburg: Kovac, 184 S.
Abstract
"Die Agenturen für Arbeit betreiben nach § 4 SGB III (Drittes Buch Sozialgesetzbuch) vorrangig die Vermittlung in sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigungen. Gleichwohl aber kommt als eine Leistung der aktiven Arbeitsförderung auch die Förderung einer Existenzgründung durch die Agenturen für Arbeit in Frage. Als Fördermittel besitzen die Agenturen für Arbeit den Gründungszuschuss nach § 93 SGB III, mit dem Gründer bis zu 15 Monate Förderung erhalten können. Parallel dazu bietet sich für aus der Arbeitslosigkeit kommende Gründer der Abschluss einer Pflichtversicherung auf Antrag in der Arbeitslosengversicherung nach § 28a SGB III an. Mit dieser können Existenzgründer weiter in der Arbeitslosenversicherung bleiben und sich auf diese Weise gegen das Risiko des Scheiterns der Gründung absichern. Mit diesen beiden für Gründer interessanten Fördermöglichkeiten beschäftigt sich die Arbeit. Es werden ausführlich die jeweiligen tatbestandlichen Voraussetzungen für die Inanspruchnahme des Gründungszuschusses und für die Begründung einer Pflichtversicherung auf Antrag in der Arbeitslosenversicherung besprochen. Weiter wird die zahlenmäßige Inanspruchnahme der Förderprodukte durch ehemals Arbeitslose betrachtet, insbesondere der erhebliche Rückgang der geförderten Selbständigen seit 2011 und die erheblich geringere Inanspruchnahme der Möglichkeit zum Abschluss einer Pflichtversicherung auf Antrag. Als Grund für die geringere Inanspruchnahme der Leistungen sind unter anderem Änderungen des Gesetzgebers an den maßgeblichen Vorschriften und strenge haushaltsrechtliche Vorgaben für die Auszahlung von Fördergeldern zu sehen. Diese werden ausführlich durch diese Abhandlung erörtert." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Freie Berufe in der Gründungsforschung der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (2017)
Zitatform
Bellmann, Lutz & Katalin Evers (2017): Freie Berufe in der Gründungsforschung der Bundesagentur für Arbeit. In: J. Merz (Hrsg.) (2017): Freie Berufe - Einkommen, Zeit und darüber hinaus : Forschungsergebnisse für Wissenschaft, Praxis und Politik (Schriften des Forschungsinstituts Freie Berufe, 23), S. 55-63.
Abstract
"Die Gründungsförderung in der Arbeitslosenversicherung wurde im Jahre 1986 eingeführt und kann somit auf eine fast 30jährige Geschichte zurückblicken - ist also schon etwas älter als das Forschungsinstitut Freie Berufe, zu dessen 25jährigen Jubiläum dieser Beitrag verfasst wurde. Seit ihrer Einführung wurden die Fördervoraussetzungen und -konditionen allerdings bereits mehrfach geändert (die aktuellen Regelungen sind in §§ 93, 94 Sozialgesetzbuch III [SGB III] zu finden). Gegenstand des vorliegenden Aufsatzes sind einerseits die mit den letzten Änderungen einhergehenden deutlichen Veränderungen der Anzahl und der Struktur der Geförderten. Anderseits wird thematisiert, welche Bedeutung die Angehörigen der Freien Berufe in der Gründungsförderung der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) haben. Die zum Jahreswechsel 2011/2012 erfolgte und somit jüngste Reform wird in diesem Artikel basierend auf zwei Erhebungen von Personen, die sich vor bzw. nach der Reform des Gründungszuschusses aus der Arbeitslosigkeit heraus selbständig gemacht haben, untersucht." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
The post-reform effectiveness of the new German start-up subsidy for the unemployed (2017)
Zitatform
Bellmann, Lutz, Marco Caliendo & Stefan Tübbicke (2017): The post-reform effectiveness of the new German start-up subsidy for the unemployed. (IZA discussion paper 11055), Bonn, 35 S.
Abstract
"Start-up subsidies for the unemployed have long been an important active labor market policy strategy in Germany. The current subsidy program underwent a major reform in 2011 that changed its key parameters: support was lowered, eligibility criteria were tightened and entitlement was abandoned by granting caseworkers the right to reject applications. Ex-ante predictions on the post-reform effectiveness of the program are ambiguous, and knowledge about the importance of institutional details of such a program is very limited, making a new evaluation necessary. In our descriptive analysis, we compare personal and business characteristics of participants before and after the reform and we find significant differences in terms of gender composition, educational attainment and industry-specific experience. Post-reform participants also perform better in terms of subsequent labor market integration and show signs of higher commitment. These findings give us some indication for interpreting our estimates of causal effects of the post-reform program. We find that for both men and women, employment and income effects of the post-reform program are positive, sizable, and larger than what was estimated for the pre-reform program. All in all, the program's effectiveness seems to have improved through the reform. Potential reasons for this are discussed and include better screening of participants by caseworkers, higher rates of commitment and changes in macroeconomic conditions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Personality traits and the evaluation of start-up subsidies (2016)
Zitatform
Caliendo, Marco, Steffen Künn & Martin Weißenberger (2016): Personality traits and the evaluation of start-up subsidies. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 86, H. July, S. 87-108. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2015.11.008
Abstract
"Many countries support business start-ups to spur economic growth and reduce unemployment with different programmes. Evaluation studies of such programmes commonly rely on the conditional independence assumption (CIA), allowing a causal interpretation of the results only if all relevant variables affecting participation and success are accounted for. While the entrepreneurship literature has emphasised the important role of personality traits as predictors for start-up decisions and business success, these variables were neglected in evaluation studies so far due to data limitations. In this paper, we evaluate a new start-up subsidy for unemployed individuals in Germany using propensity score matching under the CIA. Having access to rich administrative-survey data allows us to incorporate usually unobserved personality measures in the evaluation and investigate their impact on the estimated effects. We find strong positive effects on labour market reintegration and earned income for the new programme. Most importantly, results including and excluding individuals? personalities do not differ significantly, implying that concerns about potential overestimation of programme effects in the absence of personality measures might be less justified if the set of other control variables is rich enough." (Author's abstract, © 2015 Elsevier) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Personality traits and the evaluation of start-up subsidies (2016)
Zitatform
Caliendo, Marco, Steffen Künn & Martin Weißenberger (2016): Personality traits and the evaluation of start-up subsidies. (IZA discussion paper 9628), Bonn, 58 S.
Abstract
"Many countries support business start-ups to spur economic growth and reduce unemployment with different programmes. Evaluation studies of such programmes commonly rely on the conditional independence assumption (CIA), allowing a causal interpretation of the results only if all relevant variables affecting participation and success are accounted for. While the entrepreneurship literature has emphasised the important role of personality traits as predictors for start-up decisions and business success, these variables were neglected in evaluation studies so far due to data limitations. In this paper, we evaluate a new start-up subsidy for unemployed individuals in Germany using propensity score matching under the CIA. Having access to rich administrative-survey data allows us to incorporate usually unobserved personality measures in the evaluation and investigate their impact on the estimated effects. We find strong positive effects on labour market reintegration and earned income for the new programme. Most importantly, results including and excluding individuals' personalities do not differ significantly, implying that concerns about potential overestimation of programme effects in absence of personality measures might be less justified if the set of other control variables is rich enough." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Start-up subsidies for the unemployed: Opportunities and limitations: financial support during business start-up is an effective active labor market policy tool for escaping unemployment (2016)
Zitatform
Caliendo, Marco (2016): Start-up subsidies for the unemployed: Opportunities and limitations. Financial support during business start-up is an effective active labor market policy tool for escaping unemployment. (IZA world of labor 200), Bonn, 11 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.200
Abstract
"Turning unemployment into self-employment is a suitable alternative to traditional active labor market policies in many developed countries. Start-up subsidies can assist unemployed workers in setting up their own business. This option can be especially interesting for people whose work is undervalued in paid employment or in situations where job offers are limited because of group-specific labor market constraints or structural changes. Furthermore, start-up subsidies are potentially associated with a "double dividend" if the subsidized businesses prosper, strengthen the economy, and create additional jobs in the future." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Warum sinkt die Zahl der Selbständigen? (2016)
Zitatform
Kreß, Franziska & Enzo Weber (2016): Warum sinkt die Zahl der Selbständigen? In: Wirtschaftsdienst, Jg. 96, H. 9, S. 696-698., 2016-06-20. DOI:10.1007/s10273-016-2036-7
Abstract
"Seit der Wiedervereinigung war die Zahl der Selbständigen in Deutschland über gut zwei Jahrzehnte von rund 3 Mio. auf über 4 Mio. gestiegen. Dieser Trend ist zuletzt gebrochen. Von 2012 bis 2014 gab es einen Rückgang um 123 000 Personen. Dieser setzte sich auch nach dem hier betrachteten Zeitraum fort. Dieser Artikel analysiert, wie diese Entwicklung zu Zeiten eines großen Erwerbstätigkeitsaufschwungs zu erklären ist." (Autorenreferat, © Springer-Verlag)
-
Literaturhinweis
The role of start-up incentives on entrepreneurship dynamics in a post-crisis era: evidence from European Countries (2016)
Millán, Ana; Román, Concepción; Millán, José María;Zitatform
Millán, Ana, José María Millán & Concepción Román (2016): The role of start-up incentives on entrepreneurship dynamics in a post-crisis era. Evidence from European Countries. In: CESifo DICE report, Jg. 14, H. 3, S. 29-35.
Abstract
"Almost one decade after the financial and economic crisis started, the outlook for the global economy is still uncertain. In the European context, persistent turbulences such as systemic instability in banking systems coexist with new threats like the impact of the Brexit vote. As a result, the ability of the EU to stimulate growth and create jobs is still in doubt. This is especially true of some European countries that have suffered substantial increases in unemployment rates since 2008. Indeed, the seasonally-adjusted unemployment rate in May 2016 was 8.6 percent for the EU-28, while it was as high as 10.1 percent for the Euro Area (EA-18). Among the EU member states, the highest unemployment rates were recorded in Greece (24.1 percent in March 2016) and Spain (19.8 percent) (Eurostat 2016). The challenge is therefore not just to strengthen the economic resurgence, but also to ensure that this recovery is accompanied by employment growth. In this sense, there is almost a consensus among academics and policymakers that entrepreneurship is a major driver of ecnoic growth, job creation, and competitiveness in global markets." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Der Gründungszuschuss nach seiner gesetzlichen Neuregelung: Die Folgen des Kurswechsels (2015)
Zitatform
Bernhard, Stefan, Katalin Evers & Michael Grüttner (2015): Der Gründungszuschuss nach seiner gesetzlichen Neuregelung: Die Folgen des Kurswechsels. (IAB-Kurzbericht 21/2015), Nürnberg, 8 S.
Abstract
"Ende des Jahres 2011 wurde der Gründungszuschuss grundlegend umgestaltet. Insbesondere wurde er von einer Pflicht- in eine Ermessensleistung umgewandelt und das Budget erheblich gekürzt. Im vorliegenden Bericht werden die Wirkungen der Reform in den Arbeitsagenturen und für die Geförderten nachgezeichnet und anhand der Reformziele eingeschätzt. Dabei wird auf quantitative und qualitative Befragungen zurückgegriffen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)