Migration und Integration
Bei dem Thema Einwanderung nach Deutschland gilt es auch die Bedingungen einer gelingenden Integration von Zugewanderten in Gesellschaft, Bildung und Arbeit zu untersuchen. Die Arbeitsmarktforschung beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie die Integration in das Bildungs- und Ausbildungssystem, der Zugang zum Arbeitsmarkt sowie die Bedingungen der sozialen Teilhabe und kulturellen Integration verbessert werden können.
Aktuelle Studien zeigen zudem, dass Deutschland angesichts seiner demographischen Herausforderungen dringend auf Zuwanderung angewiesen ist. Inwiefern kann Zuwanderung der Schrumpfung und Alterung des Erwerbspersonenpotenzials entgegenwirken? Welche Entwicklungen in der nationalen und europäischen Einwanderungspolitik begünstigen die Einwanderung von Erwerbspersonen und Fachkräften? Die hier zusammengestellte Literatur bietet einen aktuellen und umfassenden Überblick über den Themenkomplex Migration und Integration.
Literatur zum Thema Flucht und Asyl finden Sie in unserer IAB-Infoplattform Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten - Bildung und Arbeitsmarkt.
Zurück zur Übersicht- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Einwanderungspolitik
- Auswirkungen von Migration
- Wanderungsmotivation und Rückwanderung
- Arbeitslosigkeit und Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Qualifikation, Bildung und Beschäftigung
- Integration und soziale Teilhabe
- internationale Aspekte
- Personengruppen
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational regulation, institutions, and migrants' labor market outcomes (2022)
Zitatform
Koumenta, Maria, Mario Pagliero & Davud Rostam-Afschar (2022): Occupational regulation, institutions, and migrants' labor market outcomes. (Hohenheim discussion papers in business, economics and social sciences 02-2022), Stuttgart, 32 S.
Abstract
"We study how licensing, certification and unionisation affect the wages of natives and migrants and their representation among licensed, certified, and unionized workers. We provide evidence of a dual role of labor market institutions, which both screen workers based on unobservable characteristics and also provide them with wage setting power. Labor market institutions confer significant wage premia to native workers (3.9, 1.6, and 2.7 log points for licensing, certification, and unionization respectively), due to screening and wage setting power. Wage premia are significantly larger for licensed and certified migrants (10.2 and 6.6 log points), reflecting a more intense screening of migrant than native workers. The representation of migrants among licensed (but not certified or unionized) workers is 14% lower than that of natives. This implies a more intense screening of migrants by licensing institutions than by certification and unionization." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does personality matter? Noncognitive Skills and the Male Migrant Wage Gap in Germany (2022)
Zitatform
Laible, Marie-Christine & Hanna Brenzel (2022): Does personality matter? Noncognitive Skills and the Male Migrant Wage Gap in Germany. In: International migration review, Jg. 56, H. 2, S. 376-409., 2021-07-17. DOI:10.1177/01979183211037315
Abstract
"Anhand eines verknüpften Arbeitnehmer-Arbeitgeber Datensatzes wird untersucht, in wie weit die Big Five Persönlichkeitsmerkmale dazu beitragen die Lohnunterschiede zwischen Frauen und Männer ebenso wie zwischen Einheimischen und Migranten zu erklären. Wir erweitern die bestehende Literatur hinsichtlich eines Lohnunterschieds zwischen Frauen und Männern und liefern erste Evidenz für einen Zusammenhang zwischen den Big Five und Lohnunterschiede zwischen Einheimischen und Migranten. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich beide Gruppen in ihren Durchschnittswerten in den Big Fives unterscheiden. Darüber hinaus lässt sich ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen und Löhnen feststellen. Der Einfluss variiert dabei zwischen den zwei Gruppen. Die Ergebnisse einer Oaxaca-Blinder Lohnzerlegung deuten zusätzlich darauf hin, dass Persönlichkeitsmerkmale einen signifikanten Beitrag zur Erklärung des Lohnunterschieds zwischen den Geschlechtern als auch zwischen Migranten und Einheimischen liefern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Ähnliche Treffer
früher (möglw. abweichend) erschienen als: IAB-Discussion Paper -
Literaturhinweis
Employment effects of language training for unemployed immigrants (2022)
Zitatform
Lang, Julia (2022): Employment effects of language training for unemployed immigrants. In: Journal of Population Economics, Jg. 35, H. 2, S. 719-754., 2021-02-10. DOI:10.1007/s00148-021-00832-7
Abstract
"Proficiency in the host country’s language is an important factor for the successful labor market integration of immigrants. In this study, I analyze the effects of a language training program for professional purposes on the employment opportunities of participants in Germany. I apply an instrumental variable approach and exploit differences in lagged local training intensities. Bivariate probit estimates show that 2 years after the program started, the employment probability of immigrants who were unemployed in 2014 and participated in the program had increased by more than nine percentage points as a result of language training." (Author's abstract, © 2021 Springer) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The returns to school-quality-adjusted education of immigrants in Germany (2022)
Zitatform
Le Quang, Huy & Ehsan Vallizadeh (2022): The returns to school-quality-adjusted education of immigrants in Germany. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 56, 2022-06-21. DOI:10.1186/s12651-022-00314-7
Abstract
"This paper explores the role of school quality in immigrants’ home countries on their earnings in Germany, using native Germans as a benchmark. We propose an empirical analysis that highlights two important insights. First, there is a substantial gap in the returns to education between natives and immigrants in Germany, especially when we consider the quality of schooling in the source country where education was obtained. In particular, lower school quality reduces the endowment advantage that immigrants possess from their education. Second, quality-adjusted education helps us to better understand the potential driving force behind the native–immigrant wage gap. We show that this measure accounts for a substantial fraction of the unexplained part in the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition. These findings emphasize the role of the school quality in explaining the imperfect transferability of human capital of immigrants in Germany." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Posting, short term labour migration, and social rights access: How to rework an alienating system? (2022)
Zitatform
Lillie, Nathan, Katarzyna Karkkäinen & Quivine Ndomo (2022): Posting, short term labour migration, and social rights access. How to rework an alienating system? (European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research. Policy brief 10), Wien, 15 S.
Abstract
"In this brief, we discuss how posted and other hypermobile migrant construction workers suffer from marginalization in both the labour market and in access to social insurance, with variations between biographically different groups of posted workers. The brief is based on biographical worker histories of individual workers with varied posting experiences across the EU and sectoral expert insights from thematic focus group discussions. All data were collected under the rubrics of the SMUG project between May 2021 and March 2022 by research teams in Austria, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Poland, and Slovenia. The policy brief is written by the Finnish research team for the Finnish policy audience." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Immigrant bilingualism in the German labour market: Between human capital, social networks, and ethnic marginalisation (2022)
Zitatform
Markowsky, Eva, Fridolin Wolf & Marie Schäfer (2022): Immigrant bilingualism in the German labour market: Between human capital, social networks, and ethnic marginalisation. (WiSo-HH working paper series 68), Hamburg, 37 S.
Abstract
"We compare the earnings of monolingual and competent bilingual immigrants in Germany. A joint discussion of language skills as human capital or social capital and theories of ethnic marginalisation leads us to expect heterogeneous returns to bilingualism. To track this potential divergence, we differentiate effects by gender, language group, immigrant density in respond- ents' areas of residence, and communication intensity of their occupations. Doing so reveals sizeable differences in the returns to bilingualism. We find positive effects for the largest immigrant community in Germany, the Turkish population, while other language groups do not seem to benefit from retaining their heritage language. Individuals with a Turkish migration background have higher earnings when proficient in their heritage language and German. We discuss how the size of the immigrant community and the bilingualism premium might be related and pursue two alternative explanations: Specialised labour demand due to the wide dissemination of the Turkish-speaking population in Germany and ethnic social networks that are open only to those with proficiency in the heritage language. Our data indicate that both are important but operate in gender-specific ways. Turkish bilingual men experience an earnings premium only in occupations with high communication intensity, while there is no statistical relationship for women. The social capital channel is also much more potent for men, while bilingual German-Turkish women do not seem to profit from heritage-language networks for labour market success to the same degree. We discuss differences by gender in activating social capital and cultural influences as drivers of this gap." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Making Sense of Immigrant Work Integration: An Organizing Framework (2022)
Zitatform
Nardon, Luciara & Amrita Hari (2022): Making Sense of Immigrant Work Integration. An Organizing Framework. (International Marketing and Management Research), Cham: Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan, IX, 119 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-13231-5
Abstract
"This open access book explores the wicked problem of immigrant work integration, with specific examples from Canada. Bringing together a variety of disciplinary perspectives, it discusses immigrant work integration as a process of sensemaking, involving multiple actors (immigrants, organizations, communities, and governments) and multiple scales (individual, interactional, organizational, and institutional). The authors identify key players, issues, practices of support, and avenues for future research. This work contributes to enhancing the social impact of academic research by providing a comprehensive overview of the field of immigrant work integration for researchers in global mobility and organizational studies, as well as practitioners. Luciara Nardon is Professor of International Business at the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University, Canada. Her research explores cultural and cognitive influences on work in multicultural environments. She has published books and academic articles on topics related to migration and cross-cultural management. Amrita Hari is Associate Professor in the Feminist Institute of Social Transformation at Carleton University, Canada. Her research interests lie within global migrations, transnationalism, diaspora, and citizenship. She has published her research in various academic journals on migration and gender." (Provided by publisher)
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Literaturhinweis
„Stark im Beruf“ – Müttern mit Migrationshintergrund neue Erwerbsperspektiven eröffnen (2022)
Nellen, Marc;Zitatform
Nellen, Marc (2022): „Stark im Beruf“ – Müttern mit Migrationshintergrund neue Erwerbsperspektiven eröffnen. In: Nachrichtendienst des Deutschen Vereins für öffentliche und private Fürsorge, Jg. 102, H. 6, S. 283-289.
Abstract
"Dem Arbeitsmarkt bleibt eine große Gruppe als Fachkräfte von morgen verborgen: Über 500.000 migrantischen Müttern mit unmittelbarem Erwerbswunsch gelingt der Berufseinstieg nicht aus eigener Kraft. Wie sie einfach, effizient und zielgerichtet in Job oder Qualifizierung begleitet werden können, zeigt das ESF-Bundesprogramm „Stark im Beruf – Mütter mit Migrationshintergrund steigen ein“. An 90 Standorten werden Migrantinnen mit Familienverantwortung auf dem Weg in die Berufstätigkeit begleitet. Die Wirkungsanalyse über 17.000 Teilnehmerinnen und deren Prozessbegleitung zeigt nun: Der Ansatz des Programms ist erfolgreich und lohnt sich, weitergetragen zu werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Dynamic agglomeration effects of foreigners and natives – The role of experience in high-quality sectors, tasks and establishments (2022)
Zitatform
Niebuhr, Annekatrin, Jan Cornelius Peters & Duncan Roth (2022): Dynamic agglomeration effects of foreigners and natives – The role of experience in high-quality sectors, tasks and establishments. (IAB-Discussion Paper 24/2022), Nürnberg, 53 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.DP.2224
Abstract
"In diesem Artikel wird auf Grundlage individueller Erwerbsverläufe untersucht, inwiefern sich dynamische Agglomerationseffekte zwischen deutschen und ausländischen Beschäftigten unterscheiden. Unseren Ergebnissen zufolge profitieren beide Personengruppen im Durchschnitt in vergleichbarem Maß von Arbeitserfahrung, die in großen Arbeitsmärkten gesammelt wurde. Eine Ausnahme bilden dabei geringqualifizierte ausländische Beschäftigte, die für Erfahrung aus großen Städten eine geringer Prämie erzielen als vergleichbare deutsche Beschäftigte. Darüber hinaus liefern wir neue Erkenntnisse über die Faktoren, die dynamischen Agglomerationseffekten zugrunde liegen. Werden die Wirtschaftszweige, Berufe und Betriebe berücksichtigt, in denen Beschäftigte ihre Erfahrung sammeln, findet sich kein Unterschied mehr in der Prämie für Erfahrung aus großen Städten zwischen Deutschen und Ausländern. Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass etwa die Hälfte der Prämie, die für Erfahrung in den größten Städten erzielt wird, darauf zurückzuführen ist, dass in diesen Regionen besonders hochwertige Jobs zur Verfügung stehen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Prekär durch die Krise - Einblicke in die Arbeitsmarktsituation von Eingewanderten in der Pandemie (2022)
Pfeffer-Hoffmann, Christian; Krause, Eva Luise; Spitaleri, Laura; Becker, Paul; Komitowski, Doritt; Ziegler, Janine; Pallmann, Ildikó; Hampel, Anna-Elisabeth;Zitatform
Becker, Paul, Anna-Elisabeth Hampel, Eva Luise Krause & Laura Spitaleri (2022): Prekär durch die Krise - Einblicke in die Arbeitsmarktsituation von Eingewanderten in der Pandemie. (Analysen und Studien / IQ-Fachstelle Einwanderung 2022,01), Berlin: Mensch und Buch Verlag, 52 S.
Abstract
"In der vorliegenden Studie werden zentrale Erkenntnisse aus den bisherigen Veröffentlichungen der Fachstelle Einwanderung eingebunden und um aktuelle Zahlen ergänzt. Im Zentrum der Datenanalyse steht die Frage, wie sich der Einbruch der Wirtschaft auf die Arbeitslosen- und Beschäftigtenzahlen sowie auf die Einkommen auswirkte und welche Personengruppen – differenziert nach Geschlecht und Herkunftsstaaten – von diesen Veränderungen besonders stark betroffen waren. Zudem werden Veränderungen in einzelnen ausgewählten Berufshauptgruppen und Beschäftigungsarten näher betrachtet. Dafür wurden Berufshauptgruppen ausgewählt, in denen infolge der COVID-19-Krise Fachkräfteengpässe bestehen oder zu erwarten sind. Neben statistischen Sekundärdaten bezieht sich die Studie auf Erkenntnisse aus einem Fachaustausch mit Beratenden sowie mehreren qualitativen Interviews, die mit in Deutschland arbeitenden Neuzugewanderten im Frühling und Sommer 2021 geführt wurden und ihrerseits Hinweise auf sich verschärfende Prekarisierungstendenzen in Beschäftigungsverhältnissen von Migrant*innen in Deutschland geben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Accounting for Firms in Ethnicity Wage Gaps throughout the Earnings Distribution (2022)
Phan, Van; Bryson, Alex ; Whittard, Damian; Forth, John ; Singleton, Carl ; Ritchie, Felix ; Stokes, Lucy ;Zitatform
Phan, Van, Carl Singleton, Alex Bryson, John Forth, Felix Ritchie, Lucy Stokes & Damian Whittard (2022): Accounting for Firms in Ethnicity Wage Gaps throughout the Earnings Distribution. (IZA discussion paper 15284), Bonn, 53 S.
Abstract
"Ethnicity wage gaps in Great Britain are large and have persisted over time. Previous studies of these gaps have been almost exclusively confined to analyses of household data, so they could not account for the role played by individual employers, despite growing evidence of their wage-setting power. We study ethnicity wage gaps using high quality employer-employee payroll data on jobs, hours, and earnings, linked with the personal and family characteristics of workers from the national census for England and Wales. We show that firm-specific wage effects account for sizeable parts of the estimated differences between the wages of white and ethnic minority workers at the mean and other points in the wage distribution, which would otherwise mostly have been attributed to differences in individual worker attributes, such as education levels, occupations, and locations. Nevertheless, there are substantial gaps between the wage structures of white and ethnic minority employees which cannot be accounted for by who people work for or other attributes, especially among higher earners." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Migration and Socio-Economic Integration in Europe. An Analysis of Men's and Women's Ethnic Penalty (2022)
Zitatform
Piccitto, Giorgio, Maurizio Avola & Nazareno Panichella (2022): Migration and Socio-Economic Integration in Europe. An Analysis of Men's and Women's Ethnic Penalty. (SocArXiv papers), 28 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/sy8bq
Abstract
"This article analyzes the socio-economic integration of migrants in 12 Western European countries, considering the probability of being employed and the socio-economic status. Analyses are based on the European Social Survey (ESS), by means of a set of OLS and probit regression models. The aim is twofold: a) to quantify migrants’ penalty net of education and social origin; b) to estimate to what extent the ethnic penalty changes by education and social background of origin. Results confirm that male and female migrants are penalized in all countries, and the cross-country variation of the magnitude of migrants’ penalty is coherent with the European models of inclusion of foreign workers. Moreover, the EP is higher among the highly educated, especially in Southern Europe, while it does not vary when considering migrants with different social backgrounds." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Which Integration Policies Work? The Heterogeneous Impact of National Institutions on Immigrants' Labor Market Attainment in Europe (2022)
Zitatform
Platt, Lucinda, Javier Polavieja & Jonas Radl (2022): Which Integration Policies Work? The Heterogeneous Impact of National Institutions on Immigrants' Labor Market Attainment in Europe. In: International migration review, Jg. 56, H. 2, S. 344-375. DOI:10.1177/01979183211032677
Abstract
"Can specific policies support the economic integration of immigrants? Despite the crucial importance of this question, existing evidence is inconclusive. Using data from the European Social Survey, we estimate the effects of integration and anti-discrimination policies, alongside social expenditure and labor market regulation, on the labor market performance of 6,176 non-European immigrants across 23 European countries. We make three contributions: 1) we investigate the distinct role of discrete policy areas for labor market integration outcomes, 2) we allow for heterogeneous effects of policies on immigrants with different characteristics, and 3) we examine immigrants' occupational attainment while accounting for their selection into employment. We find that immigrants' employment chances are negatively associated with national levels of expenditure on welfare benefits but positively associated with policies facilitating immigrant access to social security. We also find that labor market rigidity is negatively associated with immigrants' occupational attainment, but we find little evidence that policies aimed at supporting the transferability of immigrants' qualifications promote their occupational success. Our results strongly suggest that anti-discrimination policies are important for immigrant economic integration. Yet while these policies are associated with greater occupational success for all female immigrants, they seem to be only positively associated with the occupational attainment of higher-skilled and non-Muslim immigrant men. As this article suggests, anti-discrimination policies can foster immigrants' labor market success, yet these policies currently fail to reach those who face the strongest anti-immigrant sentiments — that is, unskilled male immigrants and Muslim immigrant men." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Work Permit Regulations and Migrants' Labor Market Outcomes (2022)
Qendrai, Pamela;Zitatform
Qendrai, Pamela (2022): Work Permit Regulations and Migrants' Labor Market Outcomes. (IZA discussion paper 15191), Bonn, 55 S.
Abstract
"This paper studies how the introduction of a novel residence permit for working purposes – the so-called Blue Card introduced in August 2012 – has affected entry-level wages of non-EU migrants in Germany. The Blue Card was targeted at non-EU university graduates with degrees received or recognized in Germany. It provided immediate residence to students with a working contract that pays above clearly-announced and regularly-updated wage thresholds. We leverage a difference-in-difference approach and unique data on national and international graduates in Germany between 2011-2014. We find that the introduction of the Blue Card increases entry-level wages of non-EU graduates relative to the control group by approximately 2 percent of the pre-treatment entry-level wages. We provide suggestive evidence that these results are not driven by more or better-quality non-EU graduates staying in Germany, but rather because the Blue Card wage threshold acts as a reference point." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
“No German, No Service”: EU Migrants’ Unequal Access to Welfare Entitlements in Germany (2022)
Zitatform
Ratzmann, Nora (2022): “No German, No Service”: EU Migrants’ Unequal Access to Welfare Entitlements in Germany. In: Social Inclusion, Jg. 10, H. 1, S. 227-238. DOI:10.17645/si.v10i1.4647
Abstract
"While existing research has analyzed the intersecting migration and social security law, which stratifies migrants’ formal social entitlements, less work has been done on the informal stratifications beyond the law that determine substantive social rights. This article illustrates the informal barriers to de facto benefit receipt that intra-EU migrant citizens may experience when claiming social assistance in local German job centres, regardless of their manifest legal entitlements. Focussing on informal, yet commonly institutionalized practices of language discrimination, analysis of 103 qualitative, in-depth interviews reveal recurring patterns of administrative exclusion beyond individual instances of discriminatory behavior. The unwritten rules and everyday practices shaping administrators’ claims-processing routines often go against what the law or administrative procedures proscribe, and could be considered as forms of discrimination. The former may be explained by institutional constraints, such as a performance-oriented management culture, legalistic claims-processing, or superficial diversity policies. By shedding light on how inequalities in access are constructed in daily administrative practice, this article adds to existing empirical knowledge on how informal inequalities in access emerge at different stages of the benefit claiming process, in contrast to formal social rights on paper, as well as social administrations’ handling of diversity in a context of transnational social protection." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
"We Treat Everyone the Same": Formal and Informal Expressions of Institutional Discrimination Against Intra-EU Migrant Citizens in German Job Centres (2022)
Zitatform
Ratzmann, Nora (2022): "We Treat Everyone the Same". Formal and Informal Expressions of Institutional Discrimination Against Intra-EU Migrant Citizens in German Job Centres. (DeZIM research notes + / DeZIM-Institut DRN #13), Berlin, 19 S.
Abstract
"Diese Research Note beleuchtet verschiedene Formen informell ausgeübter institutioneller Diskriminierung in deutschen Jobcentern gegenüber EU-Bürger*innen, die in Deutschland leben und soziale Grundleistungen (Arbeitslosengeld, ALG II) beziehen. Dies beinhaltet wiederkehrende, systematische, durch Verwaltungshandeln verursachte Ausschlussprozesse, die über individuelle Fälle von diskriminierendem Verhalten hinausgehen. Durch blinde Flecken im institutionellen Gefüge werden EU-Bürger*innen, die einen rechtlichen Anspruch auf Leistungsbezug hätten, in der Praxis of ausgeschlossen. Dies wird unter anderem druch eine ungenüend institutionalisierte Diversitätspolitik sowie ambitionierte quantitative Zielvorgaben verursacht. Daneben wird die Qualität von Dienstleistungen selten berücksichtigt. Mithilfe sprachlicher Übersetzungsprozesse und der Aufklärung über soziale Rechte und Pflichten können kulturelle Mittler*innen informellen Praktiken von Leistungsauschlüssen vorbeugen und so einen rechtmäßigen Leistungsbezug ermöglichen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Inside Jobs: Salary Setting for Immigrants Crossing Establishment, Organizational, and National Boundaries (2022)
Zitatform
Rissing, Ben A. & Kwan Lee (2022): Inside Jobs: Salary Setting for Immigrants Crossing Establishment, Organizational, and National Boundaries. In: ILR review, Jg. 75, H. 5, S. 1159-1188. DOI:10.1177/00197939211041301
Abstract
"Using novel US Department of Labor administrative records, the authors test theoretical mechanisms to account for variation in immigrant workers’ starting salaries following key career transitions. Specifically, they examine differences in the base starting salaries and discretionary starting salary increases above these base starting salaries for 1) same-establishment hires, relative to 2) US-based establishment transfers, 3) international establishment transfers, 4) US-based external hires, and 5) international external hires. In support of the “insider premium” account, findings show that same-establishment hires tend to work in jobs with greater requirements, and thus higher base starting salaries. In partial support of the “outsider premium” account, findings show that US-based external hires receive larger starting salary increases than do same-establishment hires, conditional on the jobs they enter. This said, international external hires receive smaller starting salary increases than do same-establishment hires. Findings reveal distinct mechanisms, acting separately or in tandem, during salary-setting processes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Der hessische Integrationsmonitor: Daten und Fakten zu Migration, Integration und Teilhabe in Hessen - Fortschreibung 2022 (2022)
Ruhland, Ingrid; Kleinheins, Simon; Bergmann, Martin; Barghi, Leyla; Fuhr-Becker, Gabriela; Reiber, Jonas; Kleinheins, Simon; Avdic, Amela;Zitatform
Ruhland, Ingrid, Gabriela Fuhr-Becker & Amela Avdic (2022): Der hessische Integrationsmonitor. Daten und Fakten zu Migration, Integration und Teilhabe in Hessen - Fortschreibung 2022. Wiesbaden, 361 S.
Abstract
"Auch diese Ausgabe des Hessischen Integrationsmonitors bietet auf Grundlage des immer längeren Beobachtungszeitraums wertvolle Erkenntnisse zur Integrationsdynamik. Während sich beispielsweise etliche soziale Indikatoren größtenteils positiv entwickeln, muss nach wie vor eine Stagnation im Themenfeld Bildung festgestellt werden. Bei vielen Indikatoren besteht eine „Lücke“ zwischen den Ergebnissen für die Bevölkerung mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund, die sich zwar verkleinert, aber nicht schließt. Dies ist in einer Gesellschaft, die permanent starke Zuwanderung erfährt, auch nicht überraschend – schließlich stehen die neu Zugewanderten wieder am Anfang des Integrationsprozesses. Die vergangenen zwei Jahre standen im Zeichen der Corona-Pandemie. Deshalb thematisiert ein neu konzipierter Exkurs die gesellschaftlichen und emotionalen Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf die Bevölkerung mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund. Eigens für das Ministerium erhobene Befragungsdaten zeigen, dass Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund in besonderem Maße unter den wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Folgen von Corona leiden. Besondere Berücksichtigung beim Monitoring verdienen außerdem Geflüchtete, so kann ihren speziellen Bedarfen beim Integrationsprozess frühzeitig begegnet werden. Ihnen ist ein eigenes Kapitel gewidmet mit dem Fokus auf Bildung und Erwerbstätigkeit. Seit Ende Februar 2022 suchen viele Menschen aus der Ukraine in Deutschland und Hessen Schutz vor dem Krieg in ihrer Heimat. Welche quantitativen Ausmaße die Zuwanderung ukrainischer Geflüchteter hat und wie sich ihre Integration gestalten wird, war bei Redaktionsschluss noch nicht abzusehen." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Grafiken -
Literaturhinweis
Foreign Accents in the Early Hiring Process: A Field Experiment on Accent-Related Ethnic Discrimination in Germany (2022)
Zitatform
Schmaus, Miriam & Cornelia Kristen (2022): Foreign Accents in the Early Hiring Process: A Field Experiment on Accent-Related Ethnic Discrimination in Germany. In: International migration review, Jg. 56, H. 2, S. 562-593. DOI:10.1177/01979183211042004
Abstract
"Based on a field experiment conducted in Germany between October 2014 and October 2015, this article focuses on the disadvantages associated with the presence of a foreign accent in the early hiring process, when applicants call in response to a job advertisement to ask whether the position is still available. We examine whether a foreign accent influences employers' behaviors via productivity considerations and/or whether foreign-accented speech is related to statistical discrimination or tastes among employers or customers that translate into differential treatment. To address these processes, we supplement our field-experimental data with information on job and firm characteristics from the texts of vacancy announcements and advertising companies' homepages, on labor supply from the Federal Employment Agency, and on anti-immigrant attitudes from the German General Social Survey. Results suggest that while calling with a Turkish name did not result in a lower rate of positive replies, this rate was reduced for candidates who called with a Turkish accent. Turkish-accented applicants were told more often than the advertised position was already filled. Our findings suggest that the difference in response rates was not due to productivity considerations related to how well individuals understood foreign-accented speakers. Instead, results support the notion that the observed disadvantages were linked to discrimination based on employers' ethnic tastes. While we found no indications pointing to the relevance of customer tastes or statistical discrimination, we cannot rule out these processes altogether. Our findings demonstrate that language cues can be more relevant than applicants' names in shaping employers' initial responses. They, thereby, highlight the need to consider multiple ethnic cues and different stages of the hiring process." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Migration and Wage Inequality: A Detailed Analysis for German Regions over Time (2022)
Zitatform
Schmid, Ramona (2022): Migration and Wage Inequality: A Detailed Analysis for German Regions over Time. (Hohenheim discussion papers in business, economics and social sciences 04-2022), Stuttgart, 45 S.
Abstract
"This study presents new evidence on immigrant-native wage differentials estimated in consideration of regional differences regarding the presence of Non-German population in metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas between 2000 and 2019 in Germany. Using linked employer-employee-data, unconditional quantile regression models are estimated in order to assess the degree of labor market integration of foreign workers. Applying an extended version of the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method, the results provide evidence on driving factors behind wage gaps along the entire wage distribution. There are not only changes in the relative importance of explanatory factors over time, but also possible sources of wage differentials shift between different points of the wage distribution. Differentiating between various areas in Germany, on average, larger wage gaps are revealed in metropolitan areas with at the same time a higher presence of the foreign population. Regarding the size of overall estimated wage gaps, after 2012 a reversal in trend and particular increasing tendencies around median wages are identified." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Local institutions, union wage effects and native–foreign wage gaps (2022)
Zitatform
Schmidt, Torben Dall (2022): Local institutions, union wage effects and native–foreign wage gaps. In: Regional Studies, Jg. 56, H. 3, S. 433-446. DOI:10.1080/00343404.2021.1953695
Abstract
"Local institutions in the shape of collective wage bargaining in firms are important for wage differences among labour of various origins. This paper considers local rent-sharing in Danish firms and finds that local wage bargaining reduces wage gaps between cross-border commuters of Danish, Swedish, German and Polish origins. Wage gaps are found to be between 6% and 12%, while individual union membership reduces the wage gap. Local peer effects, on the other hand, may increase wage gaps particularly for cross-border commuters of Polish origin, which can be interpreted as a form of local club behaviour in bargaining at the firm level." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Educational Selectivity and Immigrants' Labour Market Performance in Europe (2022)
Zitatform
Schmidt, Regine, Cornelia Kristen & Peter Mühlau (2022): Educational Selectivity and Immigrants' Labour Market Performance in Europe. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 38, H. 2, S. 252-268. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcab042
Abstract
"This article depicts the selectivity profiles of first-generation immigrants of multiple origins in 18 European destinations and investigates whether educational selectivity is relevant to their labour market performance. The theoretical account starts from the premise that the relative position individuals occupy in the educational distribution of their origin country represents—frequently unmeasured—characteristics such as motivation, skills, and resources, which matter for immigrants’ incorporation into the labour market in their destination countries. The empirical analyses are based on data from the European Social Survey for the destination countries, and from the Barro–Lee Educational Attainment Dataset for the origin countries. The findings reveal that immigrants are mostly positively selected with regard to their educational attainment. At the same time, they point to considerable variation in the degree of selectivity across migrants from different regions of the world, as well as across different destinations. Results of linear multilevel regression models of occupational status indicate that over and above the absolute level of educational attainment, first-generation immigrants profit from a favourable position in the educational distribution of their origin country. Conversely, there are indications that selectivity is negatively associated with the likelihood of being employed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Vocational training in Ukraine – an overview (Series "The Effects of the Ukraine War on the German Labour Market") (2022)
Zitatform
Schreyer, Franziska, Silke Anger, Tim-Felix Grabert & Olena Martyniuk (2022): Vocational training in Ukraine – an overview (Series "The Effects of the Ukraine War on the German Labour Market"). In: IAB-Forum H. 01.12.2022 Nürnberg, 2022-11-29. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20221201.01
Abstract
"The longer Ukrainian refugees stay in their receiving countries, the more urgent questions about their integration into the local labour markets become. In this context, also the issue of which educational and vocational background the adults have, is becoming more important. The characteristics of refugees often differ from those of the people who remain in their country of origin. However, a look at the education system in Ukraine and the educational attainment of the population there shows: despite somewhat different education systems, the integration prospects of Ukrainian refugees should be quite promising altogether." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Menschen mit Duldung als Potenziale für Ausbildung und Arbeitsmarkt: Was die Ampelregierung ändern will (2022)
Schreyer, Franziska;Zitatform
Schreyer, Franziska (2022): Menschen mit Duldung als Potenziale für Ausbildung und Arbeitsmarkt: Was die Ampelregierung ändern will. In: IAB-Forum H. 23.05.2022 Nürnberg. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20220523.01
Abstract
"In Deutschland lebten Mitte 2021 knapp 243.000 Menschen, die aufenthaltsrechtlich lediglich geduldet waren. Die neue Bundesregierung will ihnen den Übergang in sichere Aufenthaltstitel erleichtern – sofern es den Betroffenen gelingt, am Ausbildungs- und Arbeitsmarkt Fuß zu fassen. Die Arbeitsverwaltung ist daher mehr denn je gefordert, deren Erwerbsintegration in geeigneter Weise zu unterstützen. Dies kann auch dazu beitragen, den hohen Personalbedarf der Betriebe zu decken." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Schreyer, Franziska; -
Literaturhinweis
Bildungsinvestitionen von Zugezogenen in Deutschland – Implikationen für das Fachkräfteeinwanderungsgesetz (2022)
Zitatform
Schuß, Eric (2022): Bildungsinvestitionen von Zugezogenen in Deutschland – Implikationen für das Fachkräfteeinwanderungsgesetz. In: Zeitschrift für Berufsbildungsforschung, Jg. 51, H. 1, S. 19-23.
Abstract
"Selbst für Zugezogene, die im Ausland eine Berufsausbildung oder ein Hochschulstudium absolviert haben, ist die Integration in den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt oftmals ein mehrjähriger Prozess. Anhand der IAB-SOEP-Migrationsstichprobe für die Befragungsjahre 2013 bis 2019 wird aufgezeigt, dass selbst diese gut qualifizierte Personengruppen nach Zuzug zunächst Sprachkurse belegen und weitere Bildungsabschlüsse erwerben. Zudem wird herausgestellt, dass ihre Bildungspartizipation nicht nur vom Niveau der vor Zuzug erworbenen Qualifikation abhängt, sondern auch vom rechtlichen Zuzugsweg und der Berufswahl." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © W. Bertelsmann Verlag)
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Literaturhinweis
Ethnic enclaves and immigrant economic integration: High-quality enclave networks encourage labor market success for newly arriving immigrants (2022)
Zitatform
Schüller, Simone & Tanika Chakraborty (2022): Ethnic enclaves and immigrant economic integration. High-quality enclave networks encourage labor market success for newly arriving immigrants. (IZA world of labor 287), Bonn, 10 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.287.v2
Abstract
"Aus theoretischer Sicht ist offen, ob ethnische Enklaven die ökonomischen Eingliederungschancen limitieren oder aber Migranten dabei helfen, sich dank eines besseren Zugangs zu Informationen und Arbeitsplätzen erfolgreicher zu integrieren. Empirische Belege deuten darauf hin, dass Zuwanderer, die sich in ethnischen Enklaven niederlassen, ein höheres Einkommen erzielen können – primär hängt dies von der Qualität des ethnischen Netzwerks ab. Eine Politik, die Anreize für Neuzuwanderer schafft, sich in Regionen mit relativ hohen Beschäftigungsquoten und hohem Bildungsniveau innerhalb der eigenen ethnischen Gruppe niederzulassen, kann ihre Integration in den Gesamtarbeitsmarkt fördern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Deutsche Kurzfassung -
Literaturhinweis
Der Migrant-Gender-Pay-Gap: Sind die Gehälter niedrig, trifft es alle (2022)
Spitaleri, Laura;Zitatform
Spitaleri, Laura (2022): Der Migrant-Gender-Pay-Gap: Sind die Gehälter niedrig, trifft es alle. (Analysen und Studien / IQ-Fachstelle Einwanderung 2022,Juli), Berlin, 15 S.
Abstract
"Die IQ Fachstelle Einwanderung untersucht in der vorliegenden Analyse die Gehaltsunterschiede zwischen Männern und Frauen und eingewanderten und nichteingewanderten Personen - den sog. Migrant-Gender-Pay-Gap. Zentral ist dabei die Frage: Verdienen, trotz gleichem Bildungs- oder Anforderungsniveau und gleichem Berufszweig, Männer mehr als Frauen und Personen mit deutscher Staatsangehörigkeit mehr als Personen ohne deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit? Datengrundlage ist eine Erhebung aller Vollzeitbeschäftigten in Deutschland." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Social class and forced migrants' perception of the value of international mobility (2022)
Zitatform
Stock, Inka (2022): Social class and forced migrants' perception of the value of international mobility. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 48, H. 20, S. 4957-4972. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2022.2123438
Abstract
"The link between international mobility, class, and social mobility is often framed in binary terms. While high-skilled labour migration is usually considered to lead to upward social mobility, forced or irregular migrants are often described as poor and marginalised members of their host communities. This article focuses on forced migrants' own perceptions of their mobility experiences to uncover how they make sense of the links between migration, class, and social mobility. Based on interviews with migrants in Germany, I show that the value they assign to international mobility for social status enhancement is affected by their perceived range of choice over mobility and settlement options. Considering growing global inequality of access to cross-border movement and settlement, the findings contribute to academic debates on the factors influencing the relative importance of migration for increasing people's chances in life." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Task specialization and the native-foreign wage gap: Evidence from worker-level data (2022)
Zitatform
Storm, Eduard (2022): Task specialization and the native-foreign wage gap: Evidence from worker-level data. In: Labour, Jg. 36, H. 2, S. 167-195. DOI:10.1111/labr.12220
Abstract
"This study documents that worker-level variation in tasks has played a key role in the widening of the German Native-Foreign Wage Gap. I find idiosyncratic differences account for up to 34 per cent of the wage gap. Importantly, natives specialize in high-paying interactive activities not only between, but also within occupations. In contrast, foreign workers specialize in low-paying manual activities. This enhanced degree of task specialization accounts for 11 per cent of the gap among high-wage earners and 25 per cent among low-wage earner, thus offering new insight into sources for imperfect substitution of native and foreign workers and consequently small migration-induced wage effects." (Author's abstract, © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Appendices -
Literaturhinweis
Arbeitsmigration und Aufnahmebereitschaft: Merkmale, die am Arbeitsmarkt Erfolg versprechen, erhöhen die Akzeptanz der Bevölkerung (2022)
Zitatform
Struck, Olaf, Richard Wolff, Christopher Osiander & Monika Senghaas (2022): Arbeitsmigration und Aufnahmebereitschaft: Merkmale, die am Arbeitsmarkt Erfolg versprechen, erhöhen die Akzeptanz der Bevölkerung. (IAB-Kurzbericht 24/2022), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2224
Abstract
"Migration zu Erwerbszwecken wird oft als ein wichtiger Hebel gesehen, um den Folgen des demografischen Wandels und zunehmenden Arbeitskräfteengpässen entgegenzuwirken. Gleichzeitig werden die potenziellen ökonomischen und sozialen Auswirkungen von Migration öffentlich kontrovers diskutiert. Die Akzeptanz in der Bevölkerung ist ein wichtiger Faktor für den Erfolg von Migrationspolitik. Das Autorenteam untersucht, unter welchen Bedingungen die Erwerbsbevölkerung eine Einwanderung von Arbeitskräften aus Nicht-EU-Staaten befürwortet und wenn dies der Fall ist, welche Aufenthaltsdauern für bestimmte Personengruppen als akzeptabel erachtet werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The labour market integration of migrants and refugees: career guidance and the newly arrived (2022)
Zitatform
Sultana, Ronald G. (2022): The labour market integration of migrants and refugees: career guidance and the newly arrived. In: International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, Jg. 22, H. 2, S. 491-510. DOI:10.1007/s10775-022-09529-z
Abstract
"This scoping paper sets out to consider various aspects of the phenomenon of people on the move, and to examine some of the ways in which career guidance has responded to the challenge of integrating the newly arrived. The paper is informed by a recognition of the dignity of individuals above any classificatory system that places persons in a hierarchy, with some having access to rights that others are denied. This stance requires career practitioners to confront the prevalent vocabulary, discourses and attitudes circulating in the mainstream in order to become aware of—and to overcome—personal prejudice, thus opening up possibilities for more socially just forms of service. A synthesis of relevant literature concerning the integration of migrants and refugees in the labour market is provided in order to signpost emancipatory forms of career guidance, ones that move beyond an emphasis on individual resilience to take seriously the impact of exclusionary social practices and structures. The paper concludes by highlighting a number of initiatives that suggest that career guidance is rising to the challenge of catering for a diverse group of newly arrived by mobilising theoretical frameworks that are fit for purpose, by developing bespoke training programmes for practitioners, and by sharing the lessons learnt from the field." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
What does sociological research tell us about ethnic inequalities in European labour markets? (2022)
Zitatform
Tubergen, Frank van (2022): What does sociological research tell us about ethnic inequalities in European labour markets? (SocArXiv papers), 25 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/2vzx8
Abstract
"This paper provides an overview of the sociological literature on ethnic inequalities in European labour markets. It gives an outline of various theories that can explain ethnic inequalities in the labour market, and reviews the empirical evidence drawing on studies in Europe. Subsequently, I show how scholars have used these theoretical and empirical insights to account for the heterogeneity in ethnic inequality by country of origin and immigrant." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The occupational situation in the country of origin - illustration using the example of Syrian families in the reges study (2022)
Zitatform
Welker, Jörg, Gisela Will, Shaza Al Rihawi & Florian Weber (2022): The occupational situation in the country of origin - illustration using the example of Syrian families in the reges study. (LIfBi working paper 104), Bamberg, 24 S. DOI:10.5157/LIfBi:WP104:1.0
Abstract
"A family’s social background has a major influence on the educational success and careers of its children. In the case of migrant families, the parents’ labor-market situation in the place of origin constitutes an important indicator for a family’s social background. ReGES, which is a longitudinal study examining the educational trajectories of children and adolescents from refugee families in Germany, seeks to provide as much detail as possible on families’ occupational situations prior to emigration. To assess the quality of the information provided, this working paper provides users with relevant information on different areas: In a first step, the Syrian labor market at the time before the outbreak of war is described (section 2). Central factors such as labor force participation and unemployment are differentiated by gender and regions. The size of the labor force in various sectors in Syria is also presented. The second step describes how the professional situation of refugee parents in their country of origin was recorded and coded in the ReGES study (section 3). In this context, aspects of the situation in Syria that can only be captured to a limited extent using the usual Western coding schemes are also presented, and any adjustments made to the standard coding of occupations are discussed. Finally, the pre-migration professional situation of the Syrian refugee parentsin the ReGES study is presented and related to the situation on the Syrian labor market before the war (section 4)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Immigrant Men’s Economic Adaptation in Changing Labor Markets: Why Gaps between Turkish and German Men Expanded, 1976–2015 (2022)
Zitatform
Wiedner, Jonas & Johannes Giesecke (2022): Immigrant Men’s Economic Adaptation in Changing Labor Markets. Why Gaps between Turkish and German Men Expanded, 1976–2015. In: International migration review, Jg. 56, H. 1, S. 176-205. DOI:10.1177/01979183211029903
Abstract
"How important were manufacturing and heavy industries to the economic integration of twentieth-century immigrants in Western societies? This article examines how macro-social change in Germany since the height of manufacturing has affected the socio-economic integration of male immigrants. We develop an analytical framework to assess how educational expansion among natives, deindustrialization, and the increasing importance of formal qualifications shape male immigrant-native gaps in labor-market outcomes over time. Empirically, we focus on first-generation male Turkish immigrants in Germany and use micro-census data spanning almost 40 years. Through a novel empirical quantification of key theoretical arguments concerning immigrant economic integration, we find growing inter-group differences between the late 1970s and mid-2000s (employment) and mid-2010s (incomes), respectively. The growth of differences between the immigrant and native income distributions was most pronounced in their respective bottom halves. Our analysis shows that these trends are linked to the increased importance of formal educational qualifications for individual labor-market success, to educational expansion in Germany, and to deindustrialization. Employment in Germany shifted away from middling positions in manufacturing, but while natives tended to move into better-paying positions, Turkish immigrants mainly shifted into disadvantaged service jobs. These results provide novel evidence for claims that the economic assimilation of less-skilled immigrants may become structurally harder in increasingly post-industrial societies. We conclude that structural change in host countries is an important, yet often overlooked, driver of immigrant socio-economic integration trajectories." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Workplace Segregation and the Labour Market Performance of Immigrants (2022)
Zitatform
Willis, Sébastien (2022): Workplace Segregation and the Labour Market Performance of Immigrants. (CESifo working paper 9895), München, 44 S.
Abstract
"Immigrants are more likely to have conationals as colleagues, however the consequences of such workplace segregation is an open question. I study the effect of the conational share in an immigrant's first job on subsequent labour market outcomes using register data from Germany. I instrument for the conational share using hiring trends in the local labour market and find that a ten-percentage-point increase in the initial conational share lowers employment rates by 3.1 percentage points six or more years after the start of the first job, an effect not observed for non-conational immigrants, with no effect on wages conditional on employment. The employment effect appears to be due to the effect of differences in the composition of social networks induced by differences in the initial workplace on subsequent job search behaviour, although differential Germany-specific human capital acquisition cannot be entirely ruled out." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Auswirkung des Strukturwandels für die Bundesländer in der langen Frist - Qualifikations- und Berufsprojektion bis 2040 (2022)
Zika, Gerd ; Kalinowski, Michael; Bernardt, Florian; Wolter, Marc Ingo; Maier, Tobias ; Hummel, Markus; Schneemann, Christian ; Mönnig, Anke;Zitatform
Zika, Gerd, Florian Bernardt, Markus Hummel, Michael Kalinowski, Tobias Maier, Anke Mönnig, Christian Schneemann & Marc Ingo Wolter (2022): Auswirkung des Strukturwandels für die Bundesländer in der langen Frist - Qualifikations- und Berufsprojektion bis 2040. (IAB-Forschungsbericht 22/2022), Nürnberg, 28 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FB.2222
Abstract
"Die Bundesländer in Deutschland unterscheiden sich in ihrer Bevölkerungs- und Wirtschaftsstruktur und sie weisen deshalb auch unterschiedliche Arbeitskräfteengpässe und -überhänge auf. Aufgrund ihrer verschiedenartigen Entwicklungen werden auch künftig Unterschiede im Arbeitsmarktgeschehen der Bundesländer bestehen. Mit Hilfe des sogenannten QuBe-Modellverbundes (7. Welle der QuBe-Basisprojektion) werden langfristige immanente Megatrends wie die demografische Entwicklung, der wirtschaftliche Strukturwandel und die Digitalisierung im Modell selbst erfasst und die Auswirkungen auf Wirtschaft und Arbeitsmarkt sichtbar gemacht. Die Analyse zeigt, dass trotz der veränderten Arbeits- und Verhaltensweisen im Zuge der Covid 19-Pandemie und der aktuellen Energiekrise das künftige Arbeitsmarktgeschehen in der langen Frist zu einem großen Teil von der demografischen Entwicklung und damit von einem zunehmenden Bevölkerungsrückgang geprägt ist. Dementsprechend ist das Arbeitskräfteangebot in zehn von sechzehn Bundesländern bis zum Jahr 2040 rückläufig, besonders stark in den östlichen Bundesländern. Ausnahmen sind Baden-Württemberg, Bayern und Hessen sowie die Stadtstaaten Berlin, Bremen und Hamburg. Dies führt dazu, dass der Arbeitskräftebedarf ebenfalls fast überall abnimmt. Abgesehen von Bayern, Schleswig-Holstein und Hamburg ist in allen Bundesländern mit einer rückläufigen Erwerbslosenquote zu rechnen, so dass von Engpässen in verschiedenen Wirtschaftsbereichen und Berufen auszugehen ist. Somit dürfte die Rekrutierung von Arbeitskräften in vielen Wirtschaftsbereichen und Regionen in der längeren Frist zunehmend schwieriger werden. Dies betrifft in besonderer Weise das Gesundheitswesen oder den Bereich der IT-Dienstleistungen, zwei Branchen deren Bedarf an qualifiziertem Personal kontinuierlich wächst. Ebenfalls schwieriger wird die Rekrutierung in produzierenden/technischen Berufen, in welchen eine hohe Zahl an Personen mit einer beruflichen Qualifizierung in den Ruhestand gehen. Umso wichtiger ist es, dass die deutsche Wirtschaft nach dem Einbruch, der durch die steigenden Energiekosten als Folge des Angriffs auf die Ukraine verursacht wurde, wieder auf ihren ursprünglichen Wachstumspfad zurückkehrt. Nur dann kann einer Verfestigung von Arbeitslosigkeit und einem verstärkten Rückzug aus dem Arbeitsmarkt effektiv entgegengewirkt werden (Hutter/Weber 2020; Fuchs/Weber/Weber 2020). Verschärfen doch Personen, die sich dauerhaft vom Arbeitsmarkt zurückziehen, die Rekrutierungssituation aus Sicht der Arbeitgeberinnen und Arbeitgeber. Der durch die Pandemie und die Energiekrise wohl eher noch beschleunigte Strukturwandel, stellt schon jetzt gerade die Bundesländer, in denen das Verarbeitende Gewerbe stark ist, vor große Herausforderungen. Digitalisierung und Dekarbonisierung erfordern eine permanente Modernisierung und Innovationsfähigkeit der deutschen Wirtschaft. Will man deren Wettbewerbsfähigkeit nicht aufs Spiel setzen, sind gut qualifizierte Arbeitskräfte unverzichtbar. Dies setzt nicht zuletzt die Bereitschaft zu lebenslangem Lernen voraus. Zugleich muss der Standort Deutschlands für qualifizierte Migrantinnen und Migranten, die am Arbeitsmarkt dringend benötigt werden, attraktiv bleiben. Detaillierte Ergebnisse können den Arbeitsmarktdossiers zu einzelnen Bundesländern entnommen werden (www.QuBe-Dossiers.de)." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Explaining Gaps in Educational Transitions Between Migrant and Native School Leavers (2022)
Zitatform
Zimmermann, Markus (2022): Explaining Gaps in Educational Transitions Between Migrant and Native School Leavers. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 54, H. 15, S. 1759-1786. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2021.1982130
Abstract
"This paper analyzes the reasons for the gaps in post-schooling transitions between migrant and native pupils in Germany. While differences in parental background or skills partly explain the gaps, they are not sufficient. Conditional on these factors, there is a ‘polarization’ of educational choices: migrants are more likely to attend tertiary education, less likely to attend vocational education, and more likely to end without qualified training than their background and skills would predict. This is driven by the migrants’ more academic career aspirations and expectations before leaving school. On the one hand, these higher ambitions allow high-skilled migrants to achieve tertiary education despite their less favourable background. On the other hand, low-skilled migrants who in Germany’s tracked school system do not have the option to enter tertiary education, may be diverted from vocational training as a more viable alternative. Finally, possible explanations for the different career plans are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Taylor & Francis) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Entgeltunterschiede zwischen Deutschen und Ausländern - Entgelt- und Beschäftigungsstatistik 2021: Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und der Fraktion der AfD (Drucksache 20/3276) (2022)
Zitatform
(2022): Entgeltunterschiede zwischen Deutschen und Ausländern - Entgelt- und Beschäftigungsstatistik 2021. Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und der Fraktion der AfD (Drucksache 20/3276). (Verhandlungen des Deutschen Bundestages. Drucksachen 20/3834 (04.10.2022)), 38 S.
Abstract
In der Vorbemerkung der Fragesteller wird auf den kontinuierlichen Anstieg des Entgeltunterschieds (Median) zwischen deutschen und ausländischen Beschäftigten in den letzten Jahren verwiesen. Wurde im Jahr 2010 ein Entgeltunterschied von 317 Euro festgestellt, waren es im Jahr 2020 bereits 903 Euro; besonders deutlich ist der Entgeltunterschied nach Auffassung der Fragesteller bei ausländischen Beschäftigten aus den Top-8-Asylherkunftsländern ausgeprägt. Die erfragten Daten betreffen die Entwicklung in den Jahren 2010 bis 2021 und die Anzahl sowie den Anteil der sozialversicherungspflichtigen Beschäftigten, Vollzeitbeschäftigten, Teilzeitbeschäftigten, ausschließlich geringfügig Beschäftigten, erwerbsfähigen Leistungsberechtigten sowie Regelleistungsberechtigten, die, wo möglich, nach Staatsangehörigkeit - Deutsche, Ausländer, EU-Ausländer, EU-Osterweiterung (EU 11), Westbalkan, Osteuropa, Top-8-Asylherkunftsländer -, und nach den Anforderungsniveaus Helfer, Fachkraft, Spezialist, Experte sowie nach Ost- und Westdeutschland, nach Geschlecht und nach Altersgruppen ausgewiesen werden. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Zentrale Befunde zu aktuellen Arbeitsmarktthemen 2021/2022 (2021)
Achatz, Juliane; Bossler, Mario ; Oberfichtner, Michael ; Matthes, Britta ; Bauer, Frank; Lietzmann, Torsten ; Bruckmeier, Kerstin ; Lehmer, Florian ; Wolff, Joachim; Leber, Ute; Wenzig, Claudia; Lang, Julia ; Wanger, Susanne ; Kubis, Alexander; Vicari, Basha ; Kruppe, Thomas ; Trappmann, Mark ; Janssen, Simon; Seibert, Holger; Janser, Markus ; Rauch, Angela ; Jahn, Elke ; Brücker, Herbert ; Hutter, Christian ; Zika, Gerd ; Hohendanner, Christian ; Weber, Enzo ; Gürtzgen, Nicole ; Trenkle, Simon ; Gartner, Hermann ; Reims, Nancy ; Fuchs, Johann ; Braun, Wolfgang; Fitzenberger, Bernd ; Walwei, Ulrich ; Dietz, Martin; Ramos Lobato, Philipp; Dietrich, Hans ; Stephan, Gesine ; Dengler, Katharina; Wiemers, Jürgen ; Dauth, Christine ;Zitatform
Achatz, Juliane, Frank Bauer, Mario Bossler, Wolfgang Braun, Kerstin Bruckmeier, Herbert Brücker, Christine Dauth, Katharina Dengler, Hans Dietrich, Martin Dietz, Bernd Fitzenberger, Johann Fuchs, Hermann Gartner, Nicole Gürtzgen, Christian Hohendanner, Christian Hutter, Elke Jahn, Markus Janser, Simon Janssen, Thomas Kruppe, Alexander Kubis, Julia Lang, Ute Leber, Florian Lehmer, Torsten Lietzmann, Michael Oberfichtner, Britta Matthes, Joachim Wolff, Claudia Wenzig, Susanne Wanger, Basha Vicari, Mark Trappmann, Holger Seibert, Angela Rauch, Gerd Zika, Enzo Weber, Simon Trenkle, Nancy Reims, Ulrich Walwei, Philipp Ramos Lobato, Gesine Stephan & Jürgen Wiemers (2021): Zentrale Befunde zu aktuellen Arbeitsmarktthemen 2021/2022. Nürnberg, 20 S.
Abstract
"Digitalisierung, Dekarbonisierung und demografischer Wandel werden den Arbeitsmarkt in den kommenden Jahren erheblich verändern. Handlungsbedarf besteht beispielsweise bei der Sicherung des Arbeitskräftebedarfs – und damit verbunden bei der Förderung der Aus- und Weiterbildung –, bei der Reform der Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende und bei der sozialen Absicherung von Solo-Selbständigen. Die Covid-19-Pandemie hat die Situation in mancherlei Hinsicht zusätzlich verschärft. Zu all diesen und zahlreichen weiteren wichtigen Themen fasst die IAB-Broschüre „Zentrale Befunde zu aktuellen Arbeitsmarktthemen“ die zentralen wissenschaftlichen Befunde kompakt zusammen. Sie bietet zudem Handlungsempfehlungen für die Arbeitsmarktpolitik, die aus den wissenschaftlichen Befunden abgeleitet wurden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Bossler, Mario ; Oberfichtner, Michael ; Matthes, Britta ; Bauer, Frank; Lietzmann, Torsten ; Bruckmeier, Kerstin ; Lehmer, Florian ; Wolff, Joachim; Leber, Ute; Wenzig, Claudia; Lang, Julia ; Wanger, Susanne ; Kubis, Alexander; Vicari, Basha ; Trappmann, Mark ; Janssen, Simon; Seibert, Holger; Janser, Markus ; Rauch, Angela ; Jahn, Elke ; Brücker, Herbert ; Hutter, Christian ; Zika, Gerd ; Hohendanner, Christian ; Weber, Enzo ; Gürtzgen, Nicole ; Trenkle, Simon ; Gartner, Hermann ; Reims, Nancy ; Braun, Wolfgang; Fitzenberger, Bernd ; Walwei, Ulrich ; Dietz, Martin; Ramos Lobato, Philipp; Dietrich, Hans ; Stephan, Gesine ; Dengler, Katharina; Wiemers, Jürgen ; Dauth, Christine ; -
Literaturhinweis
Germany's recruitment of workers from Turkey, 1960–1973 – Some remarks (2021)
Zitatform
Akgündüz, Ahmet (2021): Germany's recruitment of workers from Turkey, 1960–1973 – Some remarks. In: International Migration, Jg. 59, H. 6, S. 234-237. DOI:10.1111/imig.12933
Abstract
"October 2021 marks the 60th anniversary of the signing of the labour recruitment agreement between Germany and Turkey, and the official start of the labour migration from Turkey. Rather than a single turning point, the agreement of 1961 and the process of labour migration was marked by changes and pivotal moments. On the anniversary of this agreement, this commentary presents a historical overview with a comparative perspective of some basic aspects of the migration movement to Germany, and Europe, in the period of 1960–1973. It sheds light on the initiation and continuation of the recruitment, Turkey's justifications of the migration and its management of the labour flow. In turn, it is impossible to undertake this historical analysis without examining Germany's reason for recruiting Turkish workers and its approach to the Turkish labour inflows. In addition, this overview provides a discussion of the characteristics of the outgoing migrant workers, their provinces of origin, level of skill and gender composition furthering understanding of the different dynamics at play in this labour migration. This overview is not only a valuable as an analysis of a key historical case of temporary or circular migration but also helps to understand the current situation of communities of Turkish origin in Germany and elsewhere in Europe, the cultural and ethnic diversity amongst them, variations in their identity definitions, political orientations and transnational linkages." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender Aspects of Brain Drain: The Case of Turkish Immigrants in Germany (2021)
Arslan, Gamze; Okumus, Mehmet Oʯuzhan;Zitatform
Arslan, Gamze & Mehmet Oʯuzhan Okumus (2021): Gender Aspects of Brain Drain: The Case of Turkish Immigrants in Germany. (Discussion papers des Harriet Taylor Mill-Instituts für Ökonomie und Geschlechterforschung der Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Recht Berlin 43), Berlin, 34 S.
Abstract
"Growing rate of women in the highly skilled immigration necessitates a closer look on the motivational differences of women in their migration decisions. This paper investigates the gender related aspects of migration decisions of highly skilled Turkish immigrants in Germany with respect to three factors: economic participation and opportunities, social aspects including political empowerment, and health-survival domain, following the conceptualization of Global Gender Gap Report (2017). For this purpose, the study conducts a quantitative survey with 146 participants from Turkish community groups on the social media channels. The results show that the health-survival domain, specifically based on degree of self-censor, the probability of being harassed in daily life and perception of sexual freedom, appears as significantly more effective for women in their migration decisions compared to men." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labor Market Discrimination and Statistical Differences in Unobserved Characteristics of Applicants (2021)
Zitatform
Ayaita, Adam (2021): Labor Market Discrimination and Statistical Differences in Unobserved Characteristics of Applicants. (EconStor Preprints), Kiel, 68 S.
Abstract
"Labor market discrimination is a topic of considerable societal and economic relevance and may lead to suboptimal management decisions. Previous research indicates that labor market discrimination against applicants with an ethnic minority background is at least partly explained by employer beliefs about unobserved personality characteristics, such as lower conscientiousness or lower agreeableness. In this preregistered study, I investigate whether and to what extent these beliefs are statistically justified, as predicted by the theory of statistical discrimination (understood as discrimination based on statistically accurate beliefs). To this aim, I test differences in personality characteristics between individuals with an ethnic minority vs. majority background, using data from a large representative sample of the adult population in Germany. Analogously to field experiments showing ethnic discrimination, only individuals who have completed secondary schooling in Germany are considered and the qualification level is held constant between individuals. The results indicate that statistical ethnic differences are mostly insignificant and always estimated to be smaller than the experimentally observed discrimination. Therefore, there is only partial support for statistical discrimination, and the results suggest that mistaken or exaggerated stereotypes might contribute to ethnic discrimination in the labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment and Job Perspectives for Female Refugees in Germany: Analysis and Policy Implications from a Local Survey Study (2021)
Zitatform
Baier, Fabian, Paul J. J. Welfens & Tobias Zander (2021): Employment and Job Perspectives for Female Refugees in Germany: Analysis and Policy Implications from a Local Survey Study. (Diskussionsbeitrag / Europäisches Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen 308), Wuppertal, 59 S.
Abstract
"Based on an analysis of a survey carried out by the EIIW/Jobcenter Wuppertal among female refugees, we identify significant drivers of the prospect of finding employment and of being in employment for individuals from this particular sub-group in society. The majority of survey respondents used German or Arabic as their preferred language to complete the survey questionnaire of the EIIW/Jobcenter Wuppertal. Probit/ordered probit and Logit/ordered logit regressions are used to identify the impact of a battery of potential influences relevant for the employment perspectives of female refugees. The probit variable meant looking at those currently in employment (coded 1) or, alternatively, those currently unemployed while the alternative approach was to consider an ordered variable indicating ascending hours worked as a measure of "more work" being undertaken. Personal skills, demographic characteristics, as well as family-related characteristics plus certain types of knowledge/skills and competencies as well as access to digital technologies and social networks, respectively, are identified as being key drivers of employment perspectives for female refugees. For female refugees, access to a computer increases the likelihood of having a job. Marriage also has a positive indirect impact on finding a job. Female refugees with university degrees do not have better chances of finding a job in Germany than those of the respective control group - i.e., those without a degree. It is found that the amount of years women already live in Germany is positively and significantly related to the probability of finding employment, a result which holds across a broad framework of control variables. Concerning the country of origin - using specific control groups - we find weak evidence that women from African countries find it more difficult to integrate into the job market than women from Europe who tend to find a job more easily regardless of their language, culture, family status and education. Refugees from Syria are also rather difficult to integrate into the job market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
COVID-19, Working from Home and the Potential Reverse Brain Drain (2021)
Bakalova, Irina; Dzyuba, Yuri; Fidrmuc, Jan; Berlinschi, Ruxanda;Zitatform
Bakalova, Irina, Ruxanda Berlinschi, Jan Fidrmuc & Yuri Dzyuba (2021): COVID-19, Working from Home and the Potential Reverse Brain Drain. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 845), Maastricht, 14 S.
Abstract
"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a substantial increase in the prevalence of working from home among white-collar occupations. This can have important implications for the future of the workplace and quality of life. We discuss an additional implication, which we label reverse brain drain: the possibility that white-collar migrant workers return to live in their countries of origin while continuing to work for employers in their countries of destination. We estimate the potential size of this reverse flow using data from the European Labor Force Survey. Our estimates suggest that the UK, France, Switzerland and Germany each have around half a million skilled migrants who could perform their jobs from their home countries. Most of them originate from the other EU member states: both old and new. We discuss the potential economic, social and political implications of such reverse brain drain." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Labor Market Integration of Refugees and other Migrants in Germany (2021)
Bedaso, Fenet;Zitatform
Bedaso, Fenet (2021): The Labor Market Integration of Refugees and other Migrants in Germany. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 884), Maastricht, 35 S.
Abstract
"Using the panel data from 1995 to 2019, this paper investigates the labor market integration of non-EU immigrants in Germany. The existing evidence shows that the economic outcomes of migrants are far behind natives. However, immigrants are a heterogeneous group in terms of their motives for migration and skills composition. In this paper, I disentangle immigrants into refugees and other migrants and compare the employment probability gap between refugees, other migrants, and natives. I also examine whether refugees have a lower employment outcome than other migrants and to what extent the level of education, language proficiency, health status, years since migration, and cohort effects explain the employment gap between the refugees and other migrants. The result confirms that refugees and other migrants are less likely to be employed than natives and the employment gap is much higher for refugees. I also find evidence of heterogeneity across gender. Other migrant men do not significantly differ from native men in the probability of being employed. In contrast, refugee women have an economic disadvantage than other migrant women and native women. I find no evidence that health status differences attribute to the employment gap between refugees, other migrants, and natives. Finally, this paper highlights the importance of the migration category when assessing the integration of immigrants into the labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Erfahrungen von Geflüchteten beim Deutschlernen: Langer Weg mit Stolpersteinen (2021)
Zitatform
Bernhard, Sarah, Stefan Bernhard & Laura Helbig (2021): Erfahrungen von Geflüchteten beim Deutschlernen: Langer Weg mit Stolpersteinen. (IAB-Kurzbericht 26/2021), Nürnberg, 8 S.
Abstract
"Deutschkenntnisse gelten als entscheidend für die gesellschaftlichen Teilhabechancen von Geflüchteten und ihre Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt. Die vorliegende multi-methodische Studie identifiziert basierend auf biografischen Interviews und einer standardisierten Befragung Faktoren, die mit dem Zweitspracherwerb einhergehen. Zudem benennt sie alltägliche Herausforderungen, die sich den Zugewanderten beim Deutschlernen stellen. Geflüchtete Menschen kommen überwiegend mit geringen Deutschkenntnissen nach Deutschland, die sie danach verbessern. Treibende Kräfte dieser Lernprozesse sind die Motivation zum Deutschlernen, die Lerneffizienz und das Ausmaß, in dem sich Geflüchtete der deutschen Sprache aussetzen. Fluchtspezifische Erfahrungen und Aufnahmebedingungen rahmen diese Lernprozesse. Dabei bringt das Zusammenwirken von begünstigenden und hinderlichen Faktoren typische Spracherwerbsverläufe hervor." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Ein Interview der Autorinnen und Autoren finden Sie im IAB-Forum -
Literaturhinweis
Employment among female immigrants to Europe (2021)
Zitatform
Blekesaune, Morten (2021): Employment among female immigrants to Europe. In: Acta sociologica, Jg. 64, H. 3, S. 331-345. DOI:10.1177/00016993211003643
Abstract
"This article investigates how cultural factors might affect the employment of female immigrants to Europe. Cultural factors include the characteristics of individual women, their countries of origin in Africa, Asia and Latin America and the European regions where they reside. Data are from the European Social Survey (2002 to 2019) and various international organisations. Employment is predicted by educational level and religiosity, religious composition of the country of origin, and rates of unemployment in the region of residence. Less educated immigrants from Muslim countries have particularly low employment rates. Contrary to expectations, the employment of female immigrants seems unaffected by overall female employment rates in the region of residence, and correlation with female employment in the country of origin disappears when controlling for its religious composition. The findings for cultural factors are consistent with theories about transculturation and also with theories about religion and moral orders. They are less consistent with a standard acculturation model hitherto popular in the research literature." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
On the right track? – The role of work experience in migrant mothers' current employment probability (2021)
Zitatform
Boll, Christina & Andreas Lagemann (2021): On the right track? – The role of work experience in migrant mothers' current employment probability. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 1140), Berlin, 36 S.
Abstract
"This paper investigates the role of work experience in migrant mothers’ current employment in Germany. Unlike previous papers, we focus on actual experience and add the motherhood aspect. To this end, we use data from the German Socio-Economic Panel 2013-2018 including the IAB-SOEP Migration Sample. Having immigrated to Germany and female sex are the two treatments of our sample of 491 migrant mothers, with 7,077 native mothers and 1,383 migrant fathers serving as control groups. Running LPM with individual FE and testing the robustness of the work experience estimators against a range of covariates and unobserved time-varying confounders with Oster bounds, we show that years of domestic parttime experience yield higher returns for migrant mothers compared to migrant fathers and non-migrant mothers. We conclude that current employment is significantly fueled by former employment; thus policies should be designed such that they help women to “get on the right track”." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Flache Erfahrungskurvenprofile von ausländischen Beschäftigten in Deutschland (2021)
Zitatform
Brunow, Stephan & Oskar Jost (2021): Flache Erfahrungskurvenprofile von ausländischen Beschäftigten in Deutschland. In: Wirtschaftsdienst, Jg. 101, H. 11, S. 889-893., 2021-11-01. DOI:10.1007/s10273-021-3047-6
Abstract
"Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der Entlohnungsstruktur von ausländischen und deutschen sozialversicherungspflichtig Vollzeitbeschäftigten und zielt auf die Lohnzuwächse durch die Aneignung von zusätzlicher Erfahrung auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt. Bisherige Erkenntnisse für Deutschland deuten darauf hin, dass Arbeitsmarkterfahrung bei Ausländern im Vergleich zu deutschen Beschäftigten zu keinen oder nur geringen Lohnzuwächsen führt. Wir identifizieren und diskutieren Ursachen und Erklärungen für diese flacheren Erfahrungskurvenprofile, was insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der Einkommensungleichheit zwischen beiden Gruppen relevant ist." (Autorenreferat, © Springer-Verlag)
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Literaturhinweis
Foreign Vs. German Wage Differentials in Germany: Does the Home Country Matter? (2021)
Zitatform
Brunow, Stephan & Oskar Jost (2021): Foreign Vs. German Wage Differentials in Germany: Does the Home Country Matter? In: W. Cochrane, M. P. Cameron & O. Alimi (Ed.) (2021): Labor Markets, Migration, and Mobility, Singapur, Springer S. 55-76, 2020-10-10. DOI:10.1007/978-981-15-9275-1_3
Abstract
"The German labour force is expected to shrink in the next two decades due to a decline in population. Therefore, the immigration of workers from abroad could compensate for potential negative consequences of such population decline. Is Germany competitive for immigration—i.e., do German employers pay enough to make it attractive as a destination country? We explore the wage gap between foreigners and German employees in particular and focus on different countries of origin to better understand issues related to wage setting among these groups. For this purpose, a threefold Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition is performed using comprehensive data with a vast amount of information on a large number of workers and firms. The results suggest that most of the wage gap can be explained by observed characteristics, and in most cases, very little difference remains unexplained. We provide evidence on differences specific to the country of origin which could be taken into consideration to attract people from abroad to better integrate them into the German labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis des Sammelwerks
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Einwanderungspolitik
- Auswirkungen von Migration
- Wanderungsmotivation und Rückwanderung
- Arbeitslosigkeit und Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Qualifikation, Bildung und Beschäftigung
- Integration und soziale Teilhabe
- internationale Aspekte
- Personengruppen