Jugendarbeitslosigkeit
Trotz eines Rückgangs ist die EU-Jugendarbeitslosenquote nach wie vor sehr hoch. Laut EU-Kommission sind derzeit 4,5 Millionen junge Menschen (im Alter von 15 bis 24 Jahren) arbeitslos. Einem großen Teil dieser Generation droht durch fehlende Zukunftsperspektiven soziale Ausgrenzung mit weitreichenden Folgen. Mit Maßnahmen wie der Europäischen Ausbildungsallianz und Jugendgarantien der Länder soll entgegengesteuert werden.
Diese Infoplattform bietet einen Einblick in die Literatur zu den Determinanten von und Strategien gegen Jugendarbeitslosigkeit auf nationaler wie internationaler Ebene.
- Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Determinanten
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Strategien
- Aktive Arbeitsmarktprogramme
- Beschäftigungsförderung - Förderung der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit
- Maßnahmen zur Bildung und Weiterbildung
- "Assistierte Ausbildung"
- Förderung der Mobilität auf dem Arbeitsmarkt
- "Jugendgarantie" - überbetriebliches Ausbildungsangebot
- Vernetzung der Akteure - Jugendberufsagenturen
- Geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
In what way a 'Guarantee for youth'? NEETs entrapped by labour market policies in the European Union (2023)
Zitatform
Emmanouil, Effie, Georgios Chatzichristos, Andrew Herod & Stelios Gialis (2023): In what way a 'Guarantee for youth'? NEETs entrapped by labour market policies in the European Union. In: Journal of Youth Studies online erschienen am 16.05.2023, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2023.2211943
Abstract
"Following the economic crisis of 2008/2009, the European Union developed the Youth Guarantee (YG) Action Plan to tackle youth labour market disengagement by ‘fostering employability’ and ‘removing barriers’ to employment. The current study adopts a Geographical Political Economy approach to analysing the YG's underpinnings and the conditions that differentiate its application on a regional level to explore whether – and, if so, how – the YG helps young people in the Southern EU to enter the labour market. The article introduces the first comparative, cross-regional investigation of the YG programme, targeting the NUTS-II regions of Spain and Italy. It uses mixed methods, supplementing quantitative analysis with in-depth interviews with key informants. We show that in Spanish and Italian regions the YG is closely entwined with socio-spatial inequality and labour precarity, which is reflected in the growing rates of temporary employment and inactive youth. Crucially, we conclude, such outcomes are not simply the result of the institutional/operational misapplications of the YG, as is often assumed. Rather, these misapplications are systematically reinforced by the mechanics of labour flexibilisation within a recessionary and crisis-prone environment, one whose geographical unevenness means that the YG is playing out in quite different ways in different places." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Being poor and being NEET in Europe: Are these two sides of the same coin? (2023)
Zitatform
Mussida, Chiara & Dario Sciulli (2023): Being poor and being NEET in Europe: Are these two sides of the same coin? In: Journal of Economic Inequality, Jg. 21, H. 2, S. 463-482. DOI:10.1007/s10888-022-09561-7
Abstract
"We implement a dynamic bivariate probit model to explore the possible relation between at-risk-of-poverty and NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training) in 21 European countries using 2016–2019 European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions panel data. We identify genuine state dependence and account for possible feedback effects from past poverty to the NEET status. We also consider two alternative definitions of NEET, i.e. unemployed and inactive NEET and inactive NEET only. We find that both poverty and NEET are characterized by significant genuine state dependence. We also observe a vicious circle between the phenomena, especially when adopting the definition that includes unemployed and inactive NEETs. This suggests a leading role of unemployment in the detrimental effect of being NEET on poverty. We offer supplementary analyses and further insights on country heterogeneity by looking at the role of social protection expenditure. Finally, we stress that for young NEETS living outside of the family of origin, the NEET condition is not detrimental for poverty, conditional on the provision of adequate youth support." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender disparities between young and adult NEETs: do we need a more refined policy approach? (2023)
Zitatform
Odoardi, Iacopo, Dario D'Ingiullo & Davide Quaglione (2023): Gender disparities between young and adult NEETs: do we need a more refined policy approach? In: Applied Economics, Jg. 55, H. 56, S. 6685-6699. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2022.2161991
Abstract
"Italy has the highest rate of individuals Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) in Europe, and its NEET has the highest gender bias in Western Europe. A marked heterogeneity, however, accompanies the age sub-groups, and women’s conditions become systematically worse with advancing age. Using data from 2019, we investigate the association between the probability of being NEET and a set of individual and regional (socioeconomic and institutional) characteristics, examining whether and to what extent the role of these determinants varies depending on gender within two distinct age groups: young (15?24) and adult (25?34) NEETs. In general, we find clear evidence that women are at a relative disadvantage compared to men and, as age increases, both positive and negative determinants show relations that tend to weaken for men and to worsen for women. The results of our analyses also suggest that social/family obligations affect men and women differently, to the detriment of women, and that this disparity widens with age. The contrast between the position of men and women within marriage is empirically confirmed and perfectly captured by marginal effects with opposite signs. The policy implications of our analysis are discussed in the concluding section of this paper." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Entwicklung des Ausbildungsmarktes im Jahr 2023: Analysen auf Basis der BIBB-Erhebung über neu abgeschlossene Ausbildungsverträge und der Ausbildungsmarktstatistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit zum Stichtag 30. September (2023)
Zitatform
Oeynhausen, Stephanie, Alexander Christ, Eric Schuß, Bettina Milde & Ralf-Olaf Granath (2023): Die Entwicklung des Ausbildungsmarktes im Jahr 2023. Analysen auf Basis der BIBB-Erhebung über neu abgeschlossene Ausbildungsverträge und der Ausbildungsmarktstatistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit zum Stichtag 30. September. (BIBB-Preprint), Bonn, 54 S.
Abstract
"Die Zahl neu abgeschlossener Ausbildungsverträge ist im Berichtsjahr 2023 erneut gestiegen. Bundesweit wurden 489.200 Ausbildungsverträge neu abgeschlossen, das entspricht einem Plus von 3,0 % (+14.000) im Vergleich zur Vorjahreserhebung. Insgesamt liegt die Zahl der neu abgeschlossenen Ausbildungsverträge jedoch weiterhin deutlich unter dem Niveau von 2019 vor Ausbruch der Coronapandemie (-35.900 Verträge bzw. -6,8 %). Nach Rückgängen in den Vorjahren stieg die Nachfrage der Jugendlichen nach Ausbildung um 17.300 auf 552.900 (+3,2 %). Auch das Angebot an dualen Berufsausbildungsstellen nahm in vergleichbarem Umfang zu (+18.600 bzw. +3,4 %) und lag nun bei 562.600. Damit übertraf das Angebot zum zweiten Mal in Folge die Nachfrage der Jugendlichen. Allerdings nahmen auch die Schwierigkeiten zu, das Ausbildungsangebot der Betriebe und die Nachfrage der Jugendlichen zusammenzuführen. Sowohl der Anteil der unbesetzten Ausbildungsstellen als auch der Anteil der erfolglos suchenden Ausbildungsplatznachfrager ist im Vergleich zum Vorjahr leicht angestiegen. Bundesweit blieben 2023 73.400 Ausbildungsstellen unbesetzt, das sind 13,4 % des betrieblichen Angebots – ein neuer Höchstwert. Gleichzeitig hatten 63.700 junge Menschen zum Bilanzierungsstichtag 30. September 2023 noch keinen Ausbildungsplatz gefunden und hielten deshalb ihren Vermittlungswunsch weiterhin aufrecht. 11,5 % der Ausbildungsplatznachfrage blieb damit erfolglos." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku))
Weiterführende Informationen
Ergänzende Informationen -
Literaturhinweis
Covid-19 and the youth-to-adult unemployment gap: Is the youth labor market bearing the brunt of the pandemic? (2023)
Zitatform
Pastore, Francesco (2023): Covid-19 and the youth-to-adult unemployment gap. Is the youth labor market bearing the brunt of the pandemic? (IZA world of labor 500), Bonn, 13 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.500
Abstract
"Die Pandemie hat fast überall dramatische Folgen in Form von Arbeitsplatzverlusten und Firmenschließungen hervorgerufen. Empirische Belege deuten darauf hin, dass junge Menschen davon weit stärker betroffen waren, mit nur geringen systematischen Unterschieden zwischen den Geschlechtern. Der Hauptgrund dafür ist, dass junge Menschen in den am stärksten von der Pandemie betroffenen Sektoren hauptsächlich über Zeitverträge beschäftigt sind. Politisch ist deshalb die Schaffung eines nachhaltigen und stabilen Wirtschaftswachstums wichtig, damit die Märkte die pandemiebedingt hohe Jugendarbeitslosigkeit wieder auffangen können." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Hier finden Sie die deutsche Kurzfassung. -
Literaturhinweis
Preventing NEETs during the Great Recession: The effects of a mandatory activation program for young welfare recipients (2022)
Zitatform
Cammeraat, Emile, Egbert Jongen & Pierre Koning (2022): Preventing NEETs during the Great Recession. The effects of a mandatory activation program for young welfare recipients. In: Empirical economics, Jg. 62, H. 2, S. 749-777. DOI:10.1007/s00181-021-02018-2
Abstract
"We study the impact of mandatory activation programs for young welfare recipients in the Netherlands. What makes this reform unique is that it clashed head on with the Great Recession. We use differences-in-differences and data for the period 1999–2012 to estimate the effects of this reform. We find that the reform reduced the number of welfare recipients but had no effect on the number of NEETs (individuals not in employment, education or training). The absence of employment effects contrasts with previous studies on the impact of mandatory activation programs, which we argue is due to the reform taking place during a severe economic recession." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Youth unemployment in Canada, Germany, Ireland, and the United Kingdom in times of COVID-19 (2022)
Deng, Zechuan; Murray, Aisling; Smyth, Emer; Arim, Rubab; Dupéré, Véronique; Henseke, Golo ; Dietrich, Hans ; Schoon, Ingrid;Zitatform
Deng, Zechuan, Rubab Arim, Golo Henseke, Ingrid Schoon, Hans Dietrich, Aisling Murray, Emer Smyth & Véronique Dupéré (2022): Youth unemployment in Canada, Germany, Ireland, and the United Kingdom in times of COVID-19. In: Economic and Social Reports / Statistics Canada, Jg. 2, H. 3, S. 1-6., 2022-02-25. DOI:10.25318/36280001202200300003-eng
Abstract
"Youth unemployment recovering during the COVID-19 pandemic. Very few countries managed to avoid a hit to their economy or young people's employment in the wake of COVID-19. The article "Youth unemployment in Canada, Germany, Ireland, and the United Kingdom in times of COVID-19" shows that unemployment levels rose for workers in their mid-teens to mid-twenties in Canada, Germany, Ireland and the United Kingdom during the early days of the pandemic, reaching peak levels in the summer of 2020. One year later, in the summer of 2021, youth unemployment rates in all four countries largely recovered, although they all recorded slightly higher numbers than in 2019, before the pandemic. These findings are from a collaboration between Statistics Canada and three institutes in Europe on the COVID-19: Youth economic activity and health monitor project." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Why Don't Firms Hire Young Workers During Recessions? (2022)
Forsythe, Eliza;Zitatform
Forsythe, Eliza (2022): Why Don't Firms Hire Young Workers During Recessions? In: The Economic Journal, Jg. 132, H. 645, S. 1765-1789. DOI:10.1093/ej/ueab096
Abstract
"Recessions are known to be particularly damaging to young workers' employment outcomes. I find that during recessions the hiring rate falls faster for young workers than for more experienced workers. I show that this cannot be explained by the composition of jobs or workers' labour supply decisions, and I conclude that firms preferentially hire experienced workers during periods of high unemployment. I develop a new model of cyclical upgrading that relaxes the classic assumptions of exogenous firm size and rigid wages. I show that this model predicts larger log wage decreases during recessions for young workers than for experienced workers, a prediction that is supported by the data. I conclude that policymakers should consider extending unemployment insurance coverage during recessions to new labour market entrants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ist diese Krise anders? Wie sich die Corona-Krise auf die wirtschaftliche und soziale Situation von Jugendlichen in Europa auswirkt (2022)
Konle-Seidl, Regina;Zitatform
Konle-Seidl, Regina (2022): Ist diese Krise anders? Wie sich die Corona-Krise auf die wirtschaftliche und soziale Situation von Jugendlichen in Europa auswirkt. In: IAB-Forum H. 20.01.2022 Nürnberg, 2022-01-18. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20220120.01
Abstract
"Wirtschaftliche Einbrüche haben für junge Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt allgemein schwerwiegendere Folgen als für andere Altersgruppen. Wie wirkt sich die Covid-19-Krise diesbezüglich im Vergleich mit der globalen Finanzkrise vor einem Jahrzehnt aus? Ein genauer Blick auch auf andere europäische Länder liefert hier interessante Einblicke." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Konle-Seidl, Regina; -
Literaturhinweis
Impact of an Economic Crisis on Youth Employment: Evidence from 2008 Financial Crisis in Spain (2022)
Zitatform
Martínez-García, Miguel Á. & Angeles Cámara (2022): Impact of an Economic Crisis on Youth Employment: Evidence from 2008 Financial Crisis in Spain. In: Economics, Jg. 16, H. 1, S. 276-287. DOI:10.1515/econ-2022-0033
Abstract
"This article addresses the impact that the previous economic crisis had on Spanish economy, focusing on the effects on employment. Therefore, the data on the employed population drawn from the economically active population surveys are broken down by age groups, to analyse the 2008 financial crisis. The model created makes it possible to quantify the losses in production and employment in all sectors, highlighting construction, manufacturing, real estate, and professional and administrative activities as the most affected sectors due to the fall in youth employment. The results obtained allow different employment policies to be focused on sectors most affected by the economic crisis and show that crises do not equally affect all works, because younger workers have suffered disproportional job losses." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Krise auf Jugendliche am Arbeitsmarkt in den EU-27 (2022)
Tamesberger, Dennis;Zitatform
Tamesberger, Dennis (2022): Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Krise auf Jugendliche am Arbeitsmarkt in den EU-27. In: L. Bellmann & W. Matiaske (Hrsg.) (2022): Sozio-Ökonomik der Corona-Krise, S. 111-136.
Abstract
"Mit einer deskriptiven Datenanalyse des Zeitraums zwischen dem ersten Quartal 2020 und dem ersten Quartal 2021 werden die EU-27-Länder je nach Betroffenheit von wirtschaftlicher Rezession in drei unterschiedliche Gruppen unterteilt. Gezeigt wurde, dass die Gruppe der Länder, die den stärksten BIP-Einbruch verzeichneten, gleichzeitig sehr schwierige institutionelle Rahmendbedingungen vorfand. In der zweiten Gruppe, die mittelstark betroffen war, konnten Länder mit dualem Ausbildungssystem die Vulnerabilität der Jugendlichen eindämmen, und die dritte Gruppe mit mäßigem bis keinem Einbruch des BIP zeigt ein recht diverses Bild. Auf supranationaler Ebene konnte festgestellt werden, dass Jugendliche im Alter von 15-19 Jahren eher von Arbeitslosigkeit betroffen sind als junge Erwachsene, darunter waren es vorwiegend junge Frauen und Migran*innen, die von der Krise in die Arbeitslosigkeit gedrängt wurden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Youth employment trajectories and labour market reforms during the Great Recession in Europe (2021)
Berloffa, Gabriella; Şandor, Alina; Villa, Paola; Smith, Mark;Zitatform
Berloffa, Gabriella, Alina Şandor, Mark Smith & Paola Villa (2021): Youth employment trajectories and labour market reforms during the Great Recession in Europe. In: SINAPPSI, Jg. 11, H. 1, S. 8-21.
Abstract
"The Great Recession had profound consequences for the quantity and quality of work for young people in European countries. Usual labour market indicators capture only some crisis effects, highlighting the need for a more dynamic and nuanced approach. As a result, this paper adopts an innovative approach to both the analysis of the integration of young adults (aged 17-34) on to the labour market and the study of the relationship between the labour market performance and policy making." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Resilience to the Financial Crisis in EU Countries: A Comparative Analysis of NEET Youths in a Longitudinal Perspective (2021)
Zitatform
Filandri, Marianna, Lia Pacelli & Francesco Trentini (2021): Resilience to the Financial Crisis in EU Countries: A Comparative Analysis of NEET Youths in a Longitudinal Perspective. (Working paper series / Dipartimento economia e statistica "Cognetti de Martiis" 2021,22), Torino, 28 S.
Abstract
"In recent years the number of young individuals not in employment, education nor training has been rising alarmingly. This condition may have long-lasting social and economic consequences and the ability to profile the most resilient types gives important information on more effective interventions for the most fragile ones. We analyse the trajectories of young Europeans in and out of the NEET condition in the decade following the financial crisis. We link the trajectories to pre-crisis structural features of selected institutions at the country level as well as to pre-crisis economic growth, institutions and policies often mentioned as able to facilitate the employment of young people. We take advantage of the longitudinal nature of the EU-SILC rotating panel to identify specific patterns in and out of the NEET condition, and we estimate a multilevel model to assess the impact of macrovariables on individual trajectories. Main results point to the positive effect of family support policies, training and of economic growth in deceasing the probability of being NEET for a very long period of time. Less so regarding the probability of churning in and out of NEET." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The integration of young workers into the labour market in France (2020)
Bazen, Stephen; Maman, Waziri Khalid;Zitatform
Bazen, Stephen & Waziri Khalid Maman (2020): The integration of young workers into the labour market in France. In: International Journal of Manpower, Jg. 41, H. 1, S. 17-36. DOI:10.1108/IJM-07-2018-0204
Abstract
"Purpose: Using a representative survey of young persons having left full-time education in France in 1998 and interviewed in 2001 and 2005, the purpose of this paper is to examine the process of their integration into normal employment (a stable job with a standard employment contract) and the extent to which job matches are inefficient in the sense that the pay in a job is below an individual's potential earnings. The latter are determined principally by diploma level and educational specialisation, although other forms of training and labour market experience are relevant. Design/methodology/approach: A stochastic earnings frontier approach is used in order to examine workers' ability to capture their full potential earnings in labour markets where there is inefficient job matching (due to the lack of information, discrimination, over-education or the process of integration). Findings: The results suggest that young workers manage to obtain on average about 82 per cent of their potential earnings three years after leaving full-time education and earnings inefficiency had disappeared four years later. The results are robust to the treatment of selectivity arising from the exclusion of the unemployed in the estimation of the frontier. Originality/value: The stochastic earnings frontier is a useful and appropriate tool for modelling the process of labour market integration of certain groups (young persons, migrants and the long-term unemployed) where over-education due to inefficient initial job matches occurs. Over time this situation tends to be rectified as job mobility leads to improved matching and less inefficiency." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Vocational Specificity of Educational Systems and Youth Labour Market Integration: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis (2020)
Zitatform
Blommaert, Lieselotte, Ardita Muja, Maurice Gesthuizen & Maarten H. J. Wolbers (2020): The Vocational Specificity of Educational Systems and Youth Labour Market Integration: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 36, H. 5, S. 720-740. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcaa017
Abstract
"Comparative research on the impact of the vocational specificity of educational systems on youth labour market integration has expanded rapidly in the past decades. The present study reviews this body of research, focusing on how it has conceptualized the vocational specificity of educational systems and theorized its effect on youth labour market integration. Moreover, this study synthesizes the empirical evidence compiled in this research using a meta-analytical approach. Our review reveals that this research area is theoretically fragmented. A commonly accepted definition of the vocational specificity of educational systems is lacking and various theoretical approaches and conceptual frameworks are invoked to theorize the effect of vocational specificity, while exact mechanisms that are assumed to underlie the effect are often left unspecified. Our meta-analysis includes 105 effect estimates nested in 19 studies, published between 2003 and 2018, that used methods enabling a formal meta-analytical comparison. Results show that the overall average effect is positive and statistically significant but its magnitude is modest and there is substantial variability in the size and even direction of observed effects. We find that this variability is partly driven by which aspect of labour market integration was examined and which measure of vocational specificity was used." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
37 (2021), 1, 169: Corrigendum -
Literaturhinweis
Mindestlohn für Jugendliche?: Mögliche Effekte einer Abschaffung der Ausnahmeregelung für jugendliche Beschäftigte vom gesetzlichen Mindestlohn in Deutschland. Stellungnahme des IAB zur schriftlichen Anhörung im Wirtschaftsausschuss des Schleswig-Holsteinischen Landtags am 16.3.2020 (2020)
Zitatform
Bossler, Mario, Hans Dietrich & Max Kunaschk (2020): Mindestlohn für Jugendliche? Mögliche Effekte einer Abschaffung der Ausnahmeregelung für jugendliche Beschäftigte vom gesetzlichen Mindestlohn in Deutschland. Stellungnahme des IAB zur schriftlichen Anhörung im Wirtschaftsausschuss des Schleswig-Holsteinischen Landtags am 16.3.2020. (IAB-Stellungnahme 02/2020), Nürnberg, 10 S.
Abstract
"In seiner Stellungnahme für den Wirtschaftsausschuss des Schleswig-Holsteinischen Landtags zum Antrag 'Mindestlohn auch für Jugendliche' der Abgeordneten des Südschleswigschen Wählerverbands (SSW) kommentiert das IAB mögliche Auswirkungen der Abschaffung der Ausnahmeregelung für Jugendliche unter 18 Jahren vom Mindestlohn. Insbesondere diskutiert das IAB Effekte einer Gesetzesänderung auf die Beschäftigungswirkungen für Jugendliche und Bildungsentscheidungen von Jugendlichen. Dabei werden sowohl der Stand der internationalen Literatur wie der Kenntnisstand in Deutschland berücksichtigt. Die aktuellen Befunde zur Mindestlohngesetzgebung lassen sich kaum auf die Situation jugendlicher Erwerbstätiger unter 18 Jahren übertragen. Demzufolge können auf dieser Basis kaum Vorhersagen zur Wirkung der beabsichtigten Gesetzesänderung getroffen werden. Aus der internationalen Literatur lassen sich jedoch einige relevante Argumente für und gegen die Abschaffung der Ausnahmeregelung für Jugendliche vom allgemeinen Mindestlohn ableiten. Auf der einen Seite kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass eine Ausweitung des Mindestlohns zu steigenden Bildungsinvestitionen führen könnte. Auf der anderen Seite ist das Risiko zu beachten, dass Jugendliche bei dann steigender Lohnerwartung vorzeitig die Schule verlassen und Bildungsinvestitionen reduzieren könnten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Investigating changing work and economic cultures through the lens of youth employment : A case study from a psychosocial perspective in Italy (2020)
Bucci, Fiorella; Vanheule, Stijn;Zitatform
Bucci, Fiorella & Stijn Vanheule (2020): Investigating changing work and economic cultures through the lens of youth employment : A case study from a psychosocial perspective in Italy. In: Young. Nordic Journal of Youth Research, Jg. 28, H. 3, S. 275-293. DOI:10.1177/1103308819857412
Abstract
"Changes in the forms and cultural meanings of work have gone deep during the last decades, with the transient nature of work becoming the norm rather than the exception. This is impacting particularly on youth employment, as Italy's case epitomizes. Based on interview and focus group data, our study provides a multidimensional model to read and map the multiple tensions young people experience, at an emotional level, on entering today's corporations. Our findings show, on the one hand, that young professionals' expectation of work as a place of social learning and exchange clashes with the corporate focus on assimilating young people into target-oriented environments. On the other hand, both in younger and older workers, we found the experience of labour relationships that struggle to direct themselves towards a creative purpose and a developmental prospect, while tending to collapse emotionally inwards, in a fight for security." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Apprenticeship and Youth Unemployment (2020)
Zitatform
Cahuc, Pierre & Jérémy Hervelin (2020): Apprenticeship and Youth Unemployment. (IZA discussion paper 13154), Bonn, 63 S.
Abstract
""In France, two years after school completion and getting the same diploma, the employment rate of apprentices is about 15 percentage points higher than that of vocational students. Despite this difference, this paper shows that there is almost no difference between the probability of getting a callback from employers for unemployed youth formerly either apprentices or vocational students. This result indicates that the higher employment rate of apprentices does not rely, in the French context, on better job access of those who do not remain in their training firms. The estimation of a job search and matching model shows that the expansion of apprenticeship has very limited effects on youth unemployment if this is not accompanied by an increase in the retention of apprentices in their training firm." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitsmarktsituation der Jüngeren in Berlin (2020)
Zitatform
Carstensen, Jeanette, Oskar Jost & Holger Seibert (2020): Arbeitsmarktsituation der Jüngeren in Berlin. (IAB-Regional. Berichte und Analysen aus dem Regionalen Forschungsnetz. IAB Berlin-Brandenburg 02/2020), Nürnberg, 37 S.
Abstract
"Die Arbeitsmarktsituation junger Menschen erfordert ein besonderes Augenmerk, da hier entscheidende Weichen für die spätere Erwerbsbiografie gestellt werden. Berlin verzeichnete lange Zeit im Bundesländervergleich besonders hohe Jugendarbeitslosenquoten, die insbesondere aus einer unzureichenden Lehrstellenversorgung resultierten. Sowohl im Zuge des Nachwendegeburtenknicks als auch aufgrund eines zunehmenden und selbsttragenden Aufschwungs in den letzten zehn Jahren besserte sich die Situation sukzessive. Es konnten mehr junge Menschen in Berlin in Ausbildung und Beschäftigung finden, sodass die Jugendarbeitslosenquote deutlich abgebaut wurde. Gleichwohl offenbaren die Ergebnisse des vorliegenden Berichts anhaltende Defizite und Potenziale, die es auszubauen gilt. So fällt die Jugendarbeitslosenquote junger Ausländer in Berlin nach wie vor deutlich höher aus als diejenige der deutschen Jugendlichen, was auf strukturelle Unterschiede und Probleme hindeutet. Darüber hinaus weisen junge Ausländer aus den Asylherkunftsländern momentan noch besonders hohe Arbeitslosenquoten auf, die weitere Anstrengungen erfordern, um eine Verfestigung in Arbeitslosigkeit zu verhindern und bestehende Unterschiede zu reduzieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Does Reducing Unemployment Benefits during a Recession Reduce Youth Unemployment?: Evidence from a 50 Percent Cut in Unemployment Assistance (2020)
Doris, Aedín; O'Neill, Donal; Sweetman, Olive;Zitatform
Doris, Aedín, Donal O'Neill & Olive Sweetman (2020): Does Reducing Unemployment Benefits during a Recession Reduce Youth Unemployment? Evidence from a 50 Percent Cut in Unemployment Assistance. In: The Journal of Human Resources, Jg. 55, H. 3, S. 902-925. DOI:10.3368/jhr.55.4.0518-9501R1
Abstract
"We use administrative data to examine the effect of a 50 percent benefit cut for young unemployed claimants in Ireland duringthe Great Recession. Because the cut applied only to new spells, claimants whose unemployment start dates differed by oneday received very different benefits; we exploit this feature in a regression discontinuity analysis. We find that the benefitcut significantly reduced unemployment duration, with exits to training and work accounting for the majority of this effect." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA discussion paper, 10727 -
Literaturhinweis
The changing face of youth employment in Europe (2020)
Zitatform
Lewis, Paul & Jason Heyes (2020): The changing face of youth employment in Europe. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 41, H. 2, S. 457-480. DOI:10.1177/0143831X17720017
Abstract
"This article examines trends in youth employment across the EU-15 countries during 2002-2006 and 2007-2011. Drawing upon microdata from the EU Labour Force Survey it examines changes in contract type, hours worked and occupation by level of education. Although the financial crisis creates a discontinuity in numbers employed, and despite certain country specificities, the authors observe common structural changes across the two periods. They find an increasing shift from permanent full-time to temporary part-time contracts, the 'hollowing out' of traditional mid-skill level occupations and evidence of 'occupational filtering down' whereby the higher-educated are substituted for the lower-educated in low-skilled occupations. The authors observe some growth in 'professionals' following the crisis, but little evidence of the rise of a new knowledge economy. This raises questions concerning the most appropriate policy approaches to education and training and labour market regulation if European nations are to provide high-quality employment opportunities for their young people." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Out of the labour force and out of school: A population-representative study of youth labour force attachment and mental health (2020)
Zitatform
Minh, Anita, Patricia O'Campo, Martin Guhn & Christopher B. McLeod (2020): Out of the labour force and out of school: A population-representative study of youth labour force attachment and mental health. In: Journal of youth studies, Jg. 23, H. 7, S. 853-868. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2019.1639648
Abstract
"This study examines youth mental health at the nexus of work and education, with a focus on youth who are both out of the labour force and out of school. Using data from a nationally representative sample of Canadian youth ages 15 - 29 (n?=?4883), this study examines the relationship between self-reported symptoms of depression, distress, and life-satisfaction and five distinct categories of labour market and educational attachment (employed non-students, employed students, students, unemployed youth, and youth out of the labour force and school). Main associations were estimated using logistic and ordered-logit regression. Stratified analyses were done to examine whether associations differed by youth socioeconomic status (SES). Study findings indicate that being unemployed has distinct associations with mental health compared with being out of the labour force and out of school. Unemployed youth had higher odds of depression, greater distress, and lower life-satisfaction, whereas the mental health of youth who were out of the labour force and out of school were not significantly different than employed non-students. There was some indication that being out of the labour force and out of school may be associated with higher life satisfaction for high-SES youth, but estimates were not statistically significant." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Skills and Youth Unemployment: Cross-Country Evidence from Synthetic Panel Data (2020)
Zitatform
Rodrigues, Margarida (2020): Skills and Youth Unemployment: Cross-Country Evidence from Synthetic Panel Data. In: Journal of Human Capital, Jg. 14, H. 2, S. 217-248., 2020-05-01. DOI:10.1086/708855
Abstract
"This paper estimates the effect of human capital on countries’ youth unemployment ratio, by using country average scores from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and the unemployment ratio of the same birth cohort. The identification strategy is based on variations in skills within country-by-year and across PISA cohorts. We estimate that a one standard deviation increase in reading literacy decreases the unemployment ratio by 1.2 percentage points, which is accounted for by a significant increase in employment. We find some evidence that educational and labour market institutions play a role in the association between skills and unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Working precarious careers trajectories: tracing neoliberal discourses in younger workers' narratives (2020)
Zitatform
Sofritti, Federico, Angelo Benozzo, Neil Carey & Maria Chiara Pizzorno (2020): Working precarious careers trajectories: tracing neoliberal discourses in younger workers' narratives. In: Journal of youth studies, Jg. 23, H. 8, S. 1054-1070. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2019.1654602
Abstract
"The aim of this article is to explore how, in the context of the post Global Financial Crisis (GFC), some Italian younger workers in a specific geographical region in Italy recount their work trajectories. Drawing on narrative interviews with ten participants (aged between 24 and 30) as part of a research project carried out in the Autonomous region of Aosta Valley in Italy, the article traces discourses closely associated with neoliberalism - the discourses of the entrepreneurial self, employability and self-responsibilisation - through which subjects' work experiences take shape. Moreover, the analysis highlights how locality, one's personal relation with the geographical territory, makes more complex the younger people's negotiations in crafting themselves vis-à-vis precarious employment opportunities and wider socio-economic dynamics in respect of precarious employment opportunities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labor Market Uncertainties for Youth and Young Adults: An International Perspective (2020)
Yeung, Wei-Jun Jean; Yang, Yi;Zitatform
Yeung, Wei-Jun Jean & Yi Yang (2020): Labor Market Uncertainties for Youth and Young Adults. An International Perspective. In: The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Jg. 688, H. 1, S. 7-19. DOI:10.1177/0002716220913487
Abstract
"A crisis for youth labor market conditions has been building globally for more than two decades, reflected in the persistently high rates of youth unemployment around the world, which is about three times as high as that for adults. About one in five young people are not in education, employment, or training, and a large share of young adults are working in the informal economy or in precarious conditions. This volume includes a collection of thirteen articles that examine the causes, patterns, and consequences of labor market uncertainties for youth and young adults in Europe, Latin/South America, the United States, and Asia, as well as a concluding article. They reveal vast inequalities among young people, with those having the least education and lowest skills, females, those with low family socioeconomic status (SES), ethnic minorities, and migrants being the most vulnerable. In this introduction, we describe the global trends and regional variation in labor market conditions for young people, explicate the importance of integrating young people into labor markets, and summarize the findings and policy implications of these articles." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Global employment trends for youth 2020: Technology and the future of jobs (2020)
Zitatform
International Labour Office (2020): Global employment trends for youth 2020. Technology and the future of jobs. (Global employment trends for youth ...), Genf, 184 S.
Abstract
"Incorporating the most recent labour market information available, Global Employment Trends for Youth sets out the youth labour market situation around the world. It shows where progress has or has not been made, updates world and regional youth labour market indicators, and gives detailed analyses of medium-term trends in youth population, labour force, employment and unemployment. The 2020 edition discusses the implications of technological change for the nature of jobs available to young people. It focuses on shifts in job characteristics, sectors and skills, as well as examining the impact of technological change on inequalities in youth labour markets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The determinants of youth unemployment: A panel data analysis of OECD countries (2019)
Bayrak, Riza; Tatli, Halim;Zitatform
Bayrak, Riza & Halim Tatli (2019): The determinants of youth unemployment: A panel data analysis of OECD countries. In: European Journal of Comparative Economics, Jg. 15, H. 2, S. 231-248. DOI:10.25428/1824-2979/201802-231-248
Abstract
"The aim of this study was to determine some of the key factors affecting youth employment from 2000-2015. Youth unemployment rate (YU) was the dependent variable while consumer price index (INF), domestic gross savings (GS), labor productivity (LP) and economic growth rate (GR) were the independent variables. Data from 31 OECD countries were obtained from World Bank (WB) and OECD databases. Panel Data Analysis was used to analyze the data. The results show that growth, inflation, and savings affect youth unemployment negatively while labor productivity affects youth employment positively. It is therefore concluded that growth, inflation, savings and labor productivity are among the key determinants of youth unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Can fixed-term contracts put low skilled youth on a better career path?: evidence from Spain (2019)
Zitatform
García-Pérez, J. Ignacio, Ioana Marinescu & Judit Vall Castello (2019): Can fixed-term contracts put low skilled youth on a better career path? Evidence from Spain. In: The economic journal, Jg. 129, H. 620, S. 1693-1730. DOI:10.1111/ecoj.12621
Abstract
"By reducing the commitment made by employers, fixed-term contracts can help low-skilled youth find a first job. However, the long-term impact of fixed-term contracts on these workers' careers may be negative. Using Spanish social security data, we analysed the impact of a large liberalisation in the regulation of fixed-term contracts in 1984. Using a cohort regression discontinuity design, we find that over the first 10 years in the labour market, the reform reduced the number of days worked (by 4.9%) and earnings (by 9.8%). Over 27 years of labour market career, yearly earnings losses amount to a persistent 7.3%." (Author's abstract) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA discussion paper, 9777 -
Literaturhinweis
Negotiating early job insecurity well-being, scarring and resilience of European youth (2019)
Hvinden, Bjørn; Schoyen, Mi A.; O'Reilly, Jacqueline; Hyggen, Christer;Zitatform
Hvinden, Bjørn, Jacqueline O'Reilly & Christer Hyggen (Hrsg.) (2019): Negotiating early job insecurity well-being, scarring and resilience of European youth. Cheltenham: Elgar, 264 S. DOI:10.4337/9781788118798
Abstract
"Offering new knowledge and insights into European job markets, this book explores how young men and women experience job insecurity. By combining analysis of original data collected through a variety of innovative methods, it compares the trajectories of early job insecurity in nine European countries. Focusing on the ways in which young adults deal with this by actively increasing their chances of getting a job through a variety of methods, as the book shows how governmental policies can be altered to reduce early job insecurity." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Youth unemployment and job insecurity in Europe: Problems, risk factors and policies (2019)
Hvinden, Bjørn; Hyggen, Christer; Schoyen, Mi A.; Sirovátka, Tomá¿;Zitatform
Hvinden, Bjørn, Christer Hyggen, Mi A. Schoyen & Tomá¿ Sirovátka (Hrsg.) (2019): Youth unemployment and job insecurity in Europe. Problems, risk factors and policies. Cheltenham: Elgar, 272 S. DOI:10.4337/9781788118897
Abstract
"Providing original insights into the factors causing early job insecurity in European countries, this book examines its short- and long-term consequences. It assesses public policies seeking to diminish the risks to young people facing prolonged job insecurity and reduce the severity of these impacts. Based on the findings of a major study across nine European countries, this book examines the diverse strategies that countries across the continent use to help young people overcome employment barriers." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Promoting workplace-based training to fight youth unemployment in three EU countries : Different strategies, different results? (2019)
Zitatform
Marques, Paulo & Felix Hörisch (2019): Promoting workplace-based training to fight youth unemployment in three EU countries : Different strategies, different results? In: International journal of social welfare, Jg. 28, H. 4, S. 380-393. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12381
Abstract
"During the economic crisis, youth unemployment grew exponentially in many European countries. It was argued that countries with a high level of firm involvement in the provision of initial vocational training were better equipped to address this problem. Boosting workplace-based training was therefore seen as the right strategy to tackle unemployment. Using Denmark, Spain and the UK as case studies, this article analyses how countries with different skill formation systems have improved this type of training. While the UK reinforced the voluntaristic character of its training regime, Denmark improved the quality of its vocational education, and Spain made reforms to the training and apprenticeship contract. Interestingly, the countries achieved different results. To explain this divergence, it is argued that while the reforms made in the UK and Denmark were compatible with the national institutions and coordination mechanisms, this was not the case in Spain, where reforms were implemented in a non-complementary way. Key Practitioner Message: After the economic crisis it was argued that countries with a high level of firm involvement in the provision of initial VET were better equipped to fight youth unemployment. The study analysed how countries with different skill formation systems improved this type of training and assessed their relative success. The article shows that when implementing reforms policy makers must take into account the institutions and mechanisms of coordination that prevail in each country. Otherwise, reforms may be unsuccessful. " (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Europa: Besserung in Sicht (2019)
Schäfer, Holger;Zitatform
Schäfer, Holger (2019): Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Europa: Besserung in Sicht. (IW-Kurzberichte / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2019,51), Köln, 3 S.
Abstract
"Die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit stieg nach der Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise im Jahr 2009 in den meisten europäischen Ländern stark an, zum Teil lag die Arbeitslosenquote bei über 40 Prozent. Aussagekräftiger ist allerdings der Anteil der Jugendlichen, die nicht beschäftigt und nicht im Bildungssystem sind. Dieser ist weit niedriger. Zudem sinkt die Beschäftigungslosigkeit von Jugendlichen seit einigen Jahren wieder deutlich." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The evolution of early job insecurity in Europe (2019)
Zitatform
Symeonaki, Maria, Dimitrios Parsanoglou & Glykeria Stamatopoulou (2019): The evolution of early job insecurity in Europe. In: SAGE Open, Jg. 9, H. 2, S. 1-23. DOI:10.1177/2158244019845187
Abstract
"The present study proposes a meaningful multidimensional index of early job insecurity for European countries based on raw micro-data drawn from the European Union's Labor Force Survey (EU-LFS), and captures its evolution over time, before and during the years of the post - 2008 economic crisis. More specifically, a number of different indicators capturing various domains of early job insecurity are estimated, utilizing the data behind the EU-LFS survey for all European Union (EU) member states. These indicators are then composed into a single indicator of early job insecurity, which is used to apprehend and compare the degree of early job insecurity in EU member states, during these years. The proposed indicator captures the whole range of early job insecurity aspects, such as labor market conditions, job quality, school-to-work transitions, and job security, in an overall measurement providing a way of estimating and comparing early job insecurity among different countries. The results uncover the considerable differences between EU countries when early job insecurity is considered. Moreover, countries are ranked according to the degrees of early job insecurity for the years 2008-2014." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of declining youth employment stability on future wages (2019)
Umkehrer, Matthias;Zitatform
Umkehrer, Matthias (2019): The impact of declining youth employment stability on future wages. In: Empirical economics, Jg. 56, H. 2, S. 619-650., 2017-11-08. DOI:10.1007/s00181-018-1444-5
Abstract
"Has the early career become less stable during the 1980s and 1990s? And does a lack of early-career employment stability inhibit wage growth? I analyze exceptionally rich administrative data on male graduates from Germany's dual education system to shed more light on these important questions. The data indicate a decline in youth employment durations since the late 1970s, limited to already relatively short durations. Controlling for endogeneity of employment in youth with training firm fixed effects and by exploiting institutional variation in the timing of nationwide macroeconomic shocks, I find significant returns to early-career employment stability in terms of higher wages in adulthood. These returns decline not only across the wage distribution, but also with cohort age. The findings suggest less stable employment in the early years of a career to have become increasingly costly during the 1990s for the least advantaged workers." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Umkehrer, Matthias; -
Literaturhinweis
Youth unemployment and employment trajectories in Spain during the Great Recession: what are the determinants? (2019)
Zitatform
Verd, Joan Miquel, Oriol Barranco & Mireia Bolíbar (2019): Youth unemployment and employment trajectories in Spain during the Great Recession. What are the determinants? In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 53, H. 1, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1186/s12651-019-0254-3
Abstract
"Since the beginning of the recession period in Europe, unemployment has greatly affected the young adult population. In this context, Spain is regarded as an extreme case, due to its exceptionally high youth unemployment rates. This article seeks to identify the determinants that have led certain groups of Spanish young people to suffer labour market trajectories with higher levels of unemployment and instability during the Great Recession than others. To do this, retrospective data from the 2012 Catalan Youth Survey are used. With these data and using cluster analysis, a typology of labour market trajectories is constructed. Next, multinomial logistic regressions are used to identify what individual socio-demographic characteristics and pre-crisis employment experiences are connected to these different typological career paths. Results show that the highly differentiated career paths are associated with different social profiles and differences in the presence of unemployment. Moreover, interesting differences among the most unstable career paths appear. For the most vulnerable social profiles the employment trajectory prior to the crisis seems to point towards the existence of an entrapment in low-skilled jobs that alternate with situations of unemployment. For those with a slightly better position their employment situation after the initiation of the crisis seems to have been impacted by their brief labour market trajectory before the crisis and their resulting work experience gap." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unemployment among younger and older individuals: does conventional data about unemployment tell us the whole story? (2018)
Zitatform
Axelrad, Hila, Miki Malul & Israel Luski (2018): Unemployment among younger and older individuals. Does conventional data about unemployment tell us the whole story? In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 52, H. 1, S. 1-12. DOI:10.1186/s12651-018-0237-9
Abstract
"In this research we show that workers aged 30 - 44 were significantly more likely than those aged 45 - 59 to find a job a year after being unemployed. The main contribution is demonstrating empirically that since older workers' difficulties are related to their age, while for younger individuals the difficulties are more related to the business cycle, policy makers must devise different programs to address unemployment among young and older individuals. The solution to youth unemployment is the creation of more jobs, and combining differential minimum wage levels and earned income tax credits might improve the rate of employment for older individuals." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Youth unemployment and the transition from school to work in Germany and Greece (2018)
Dietrich, Hans ; Angelis, Vasilis; Tubadji, Annie ; Tsoka, Ioanna; Schels, Brigitte ; Dimaki, Katerina; Haas, Anette;Zitatform
Dietrich, Hans, Annie Tubadji, Brigitte Schels, Anette Haas, Ioanna Tsoka, Vasilis Angelis & Katerina Dimaki (2018): Youth unemployment and the transition from school to work in Germany and Greece. In: F. E. Caroleo, O. Demidova, E. Marelli & M. Signorelli (Hrsg.) (2018): Young people and the labour market : a comparative perspective, S. 127-157.
Abstract
"In summary, the current chapter presents a descriptive analysis and logistic regression models with average marginal effects presented for Greece and Germany. Based on the extensive micro-level data sets of the Eurostat Labour Force Survey, the analysis explores young people's unemployment risk in Germany and Greece. In contrast to the literature, where unemployment in the youth stage (below the age of 25) is used, here, individuals' first five years on the labour market are addressed." (Excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Young adult occupational transition regimes in Europe: Does gender matter? (2018)
Zitatform
Goglio, Valentina & Roberto Rizza (2018): Young adult occupational transition regimes in Europe. Does gender matter? In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 38, H. 1/2, S. 130-149. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-04-2017-0052
Abstract
"Purpose
The objective of this paper is to achieve a greater understanding of the transitions young adults experience into and out of the labor market and the influence that gender and married/cohabiting status have on employment careers.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper focuses on young adults (25-34 years old) in four European countries - Italy, Netherlands, United Kingdom and Norway - that are representative of different youth transition regimes. Using longitudinal data from EU-SILC survey (for the years 2006-2012) and event history analysis we investigate: the effect of the particular set of institutional features of each country, the effect of the cohort of entry and of gender differences in determining transitions across labour market status.
Findings
Findings show that the filter exercised by the national institutions has a selective impact on the careers of young adults, with some institutional contexts more protective than others. In this respect, the condition of inactivity emerges as an interesting finding: on one side, it mainly involves women in a partnership, on the other side it is more common in protective youth regimes, suggesting that it may be a chosen rather than suffered condition.
Originality/value
The paper contributes to existing literature by: i) focusing on a specific category, young adults from 25 to 34 years old, which is increasingly recognized as a critical stage in the life course though it receives less attention than its younger counterpart (15-24); ii) integrating the importance of family dynamics on work careers by analysing the different effects played by married/cohabiting status for men and women." (Author's abstract, © Emerald Group) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Why is youth unemployment so high and different across countries?: young people experience worse labor market outcomes than adults worldwide but the difference varies greatly internationally (2018)
Zitatform
Pastore, Francesco (2018): Why is youth unemployment so high and different across countries? Young people experience worse labor market outcomes than adults worldwide but the difference varies greatly internationally. (IZA world of labor 420), Bonn, 11 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.420
Abstract
"Ungeachtet eines kontinuierlich steigenden Bildungsniveaus sehen sich junge Menschen im Vergleich zu Älteren immer noch mit weniger Beschäftigung und Einkommen, niedrigeren Erwerbsquoten und deutlich höherer Arbeitslosigkeit konfrontiert. Der Anteil der Sekundar- und Hochschulabsolventen, die Jobs unterhalb ihres Qualifikationsniveaus annehmen, ist in vielen Ländern sehr hoch. Hauptgrund dafür ist das geringe Niveau arbeitsbezogene Kompetenzen junger Menschen. Diese Befähigungen zu schaffen, sollte für moderne Bildungssysteme oberste Priorität haben. Flexiblere Arbeitsmärkte sollten einen früheren Eintritt in den Arbeitsmarkt ermöglichen, sich jedoch nicht nur auf befristete Verträge stützen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Hier finden Sie die deutsche Kurzfassung -
Literaturhinweis
How unemployment scarring affects skilled young workers: Evidence from a factorial survey of Swiss recruiters (2018)
Zitatform
Shi, Lulu P., Christian Imdorf, Robin Samuel & Stefan Sacchi (2018): How unemployment scarring affects skilled young workers. Evidence from a factorial survey of Swiss recruiters. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 52, H. 1, S. 1-15. DOI:10.1186/s12651-018-0239-7
Abstract
"We ask how employers contribute to unemployment scarring in the recruitment process in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. By drawing on recruitment theories, we aim to better understand how recruiters assess different patterns of unemployment in a job candidate's CV and how this affects the chances of young applicants being considered for a vacancy. We argue that in contexts with tight school-work linkage and highly standardised Vocational Education and Training systems, the detrimental effect of early unemployment depends on how well the applicant's profile matches the requirements of the advertised position. To test this assumption, we surveyed Swiss recruiters who were seeking to fill positions during the time of data collection. We employed a factorial survey experiment that tested how the (un)employment trajectories in hypothetical young job applicants' CV affected their chances of being considered for a real vacancy. Our results show that unemployment decreases the perceived suitability of an applicant for a specific job, which implies there is a scarring effect of unemployment that increases with the duration of being unemployed. But we also found that these effects are moderated by how well the applicant's profile matches the job's requirements. Overall, the worse the match between applicant's profile and the job profile, the smaller are the scarring effects of unemployment. In sum, our findings contribute to the literature by revealing considerable heterogeneity in the scarring effects of unemployment. Our findings further suggest that the scarring effects of unemployment need to be studied with regard to country-specific institutional settings, the applicants' previous education and employment experiences, and the job characteristics." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Heranwachsende im Dreieck des SGB-II-Leistungsbezugs: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Triangulation von Daten, Methoden und Perspektiven für die Rekonstruktion kindlicher Lebenswelten (2018)
Singh, Ajit; Engel, Florian; Kreher, Simone;Zitatform
Singh, Ajit, Florian Engel & Simone Kreher (2018): Heranwachsende im Dreieck des SGB-II-Leistungsbezugs. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Triangulation von Daten, Methoden und Perspektiven für die Rekonstruktion kindlicher Lebenswelten. In: Sozialer Sinn, Jg. 19, H. 1, S. 11-43. DOI:10.1515/sosi-2018-0002
Abstract
"Als Beitrag zu einer interpretativen Ungleichheits- und Armutsforschung thematisiert dieser Aufsatz methodologische und methodische Probleme, die bei der Rekonstruktion von Lebenswelten von Kindern, die von außen betrachtet in ,prekären Verhältnissen' des SGB-II-Bezugs aufwachsen, zu lösen sind. Dabei schlagen wir vor, eine Brücke zwischen Armutsforschung und den New Childhood Studies zu schlagen, um die Agency von Kindern und Jugendlichen im Hinblick auf ihre subjektiven Sicht- und Erlebensweisen deutlicher hervortreten zu lassen. Zudem wird reflektiert, wie spezifische Vorstellungen und Wissensbestände über 'Normalität' in der Erhebungssituation virulent werden, die auch bis in die hermeneutische Auswertung fortwirken können. Die Triangulation verschiedener Datensorten, Verfahren und Perspektiven ermöglichte uns einen reflexiven Umgang mit den jeweiligen Wirklichkeitskonstruktionen, die auch mit Blick auf die Positionalität der Forscherinnen zum Gegenstand gemacht werden." (Autorenreferat, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
How educational systems structure ethnic inequality among young labour market participants in Europe: Occupational placement and variation in the occupational status distribution (2018)
Zitatform
Spörlein, Christoph (2018): How educational systems structure ethnic inequality among young labour market participants in Europe. Occupational placement and variation in the occupational status distribution. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 55, H. June, S. 109-119. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2018.04.006
Abstract
"Prior research as demonstrated that patterns of early labour market careers vary considerably across European societies. However, little research investigated how these patterns differ between immigrants and majority youth and whether the extent of ethnic inequality varies with educational system characteristics. Using the 2009 European Labour Force Survey data for 18 countries on the early careers of non-tertiary educated labour market participants, the results of this study show that immigrants work in lower-status jobs more frequently than majority youth do. In addition and conditional on these mean differences, immigrant's status distributions are more dispersed suggesting more erratic early career patterns. Educational systems characteristics moderate these differences: the occupational status difference between immigrants and majority youth is considerably larger in countries with strongly differentiated, specifically highly tracked educational systems. In addition, ethnic disadvantages are even more severe in differentiated educational systems when central exams are present. The findings further show that educational tracking is associated with less variation in a country's occupational status distribution, thus shaping ethnic inequality beyond its relationship with mean differences. Ethnic penalties are estimated to be considerably more severe in highly differentiated countries due to their lower baseline variability in the occupational status distribution." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Can welfare and labour market regimes explain cross-country differences in the unemployment of young people? (2018)
Tamesberger, Dennis;Zitatform
Tamesberger, Dennis (2018): Can welfare and labour market regimes explain cross-country differences in the unemployment of young people? In: International Labour Review, Jg. 156, H. 3/4, S. 443-464. DOI:10.1111/ilr.12040
Abstract
Der Beitrag fragt nach den institutionellen Ursachen für die unterschiedliche Entwicklung der Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in den Ländern der Europäischen Union. Hierzu erfolgte eine Clusteranalyse für 27 europäische Länder für den Zeitraum 2007 bis 2013 unter Anwendung von 15 Indikatoren für folgende Dimensionen: Sozialpolitik, Arbeitsmarktpolitik, Arbeitsbeziehungen, Bildungssystem und Familie. Im Ergebnis wurden die 27 Länder fünf Clustern zuordnen. Diese unterscheiden sich durch ihre Orientierung auf die Lehrlingsausbildung, ihre Markt- oder Familienorientierung bzw. den Flexicurity-Ansatz. Die betriebliche Berufsausbildung wird als besonders erfolgreich bei der Bekämpfung der Jugendarbeitslosigkeit angesehen. Das Flexicurity-Regime beugt vor allem der Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit von Jugendlichen vor. Eine Kombination von beiden wird deshalb als besonders erfolgversprechend angesehen. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
What drives youth unemployment in Europe?: Economic vs. non-economic determinants (2018)
Tomic, Iva;Zitatform
Tomic, Iva (2018): What drives youth unemployment in Europe? Economic vs. non-economic determinants. In: International Labour Review, Jg. 157, H. 3, S. 379-408. DOI:10.1111/ilr.12060
Abstract
"This article explores the main determinants of youth unemployment in Europe in the period 2002 - 2014, by estimating panel data models for 28 EU member countries. Heterogeneity among EU countries is acknowledged by estimating models on 'high' and 'low' youth unemployment rate subsamples. Main results suggest that youth unemployment is more pronounced in countries with poor GDP growth, low share of construction and high public debt in the economy. Less mobility due to homeownership, corruption, large remittances or fewer possibilities for young people to live outside parental homes are also important, at least for countries with comparatively high youth unemployment rates." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Danish labor market, 2000-2016: despite recession-induced job losses, high turnover prevented a steep increase in long-term and youth unemployment (2017)
Andersen, Torben M.;Zitatform
Andersen, Torben M. (2017): The Danish labor market, 2000-2016. Despite recession-induced job losses, high turnover prevented a steep increase in long-term and youth unemployment. (IZA world of labor 404), Bonn, 10 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.404
Abstract
"Die dänische Wirtschaft wurde von der Großen Rezession stark getroffen und verzeichnete nach zuvor anhaltenden Beschäftigungszuwächsen große Arbeitsplatzverluste. Insgesamt hat das dänische Flexicurity-Modell die Krise aber erfolgreich bewältigen können. Dank der traditionell hohen Jobfluktuation war die verbreitet eintretende Arbeitslosigkeit meist nur von kurzer Dauer. Dies hat einen starken Anstieg der Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit verhindert und den Arbeitsmarktzugang für junge Menschen nicht erschwert. Die Lohnungleichheit nimmt weniger deutlich als in anderen Ländern zu, die Lohnstreuung ist nach wie vor eher gering." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Hier finden Sie die deutsche Kurzfassung -
Literaturhinweis
Small differences matter: How regional distinctions in educational and labour market policy account for heterogeneity in NEET rates (2017)
Bacher, Johann; Leitgöb, Heinz; Tamesberger, Dennis; Koblbauer, Christina;Zitatform
Bacher, Johann, Christina Koblbauer, Heinz Leitgöb & Dennis Tamesberger (2017): Small differences matter: How regional distinctions in educational and labour market policy account for heterogeneity in NEET rates. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 51, H. 1, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1186/s12651-017-0232-6
Abstract
"Labour market and education policy makers and researchers are increasingly focusing on the NEET indicator as a supplement to the youth unemployment rate. Analyses of factors influencing NEET have concentrated primarily on individual characteristics such as gender and migration background on one hand, and on macro-level factors of nations such as economic growth and minimum wage regulations on the other. However, nations are not homogenous, especially when a country is divided into several federal states, as is the case with Austria. This article aims to analyse regional differences within Austria. In order to explain the differences, we define a multilevel model that contains four contextual factors: the importance of upper secondary education; the importance of dual education; vacant jobs; and expenditures for active labour market policy. Because the institutional level addresses different age groups, the analysis was split into two age groups: 15 - 19 and 20 - 24 years. The results have shown that, besides the social structure of the population, contextual factors like the upper secondary education, the dual education, vacant jobs, and expenditures for active labour market policy are also relevant for explaining regional differences in the NEET rates. But one main insight was that the impact of the contextual factors varies between different social groups." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The interplay of educational and labour market institutions and links to relative youth unemployment (2017)
Brzinsky-Fay, Christian;Zitatform
Brzinsky-Fay, Christian (2017): The interplay of educational and labour market institutions and links to relative youth unemployment. In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 27, H. 4, S. 346-359. DOI:10.1177/0958928717719198
Abstract
"Many institutional theories assume that institutions function in conjunction with each other and, therefore, constitute regimes. Moreover, when analysing institutional effects most researchers maintain a purely variable-oriented approach and its ceteris-paribus logic of causal association. This article analyses associations between configurations of labour market and education institutions and relative youth unemployment by examining 30 countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The analysis reveals that no single institution constitutes a sufficient or necessary condition for relative youth unemployment. Institutions unfold their effects only in combination with other institutions, that is, they are always conjunctural. Low relative youth unemployment cannot be explained adequately. Employment protection is only associated with high relative youth unemployment if vocational specificity, standardisation and stratification is low." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Strategies to improve labour market integration of young people: comparing policy coordination in nine European countries (2017)
Zitatform
Dingeldey, Irene, Marie-Luise Assmann & Lisa Steinberg (2017): Strategies to improve labour market integration of young people. Comparing policy coordination in nine European countries. (NEGOTIATE working paper 8.2), Oslo, 55 S.
Abstract
"The analysis is based on nine in-depth country studies including Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Greece, Germany, Poland, Spain, the UK and two non-EU countries; Norway and Switzerland, which serve as a reference group.
The empirical research makes use of both primary and secondary sources, as well as four to six expert interviews per country to identify different types of youth employment regimes and strategies used to implement the respective policies.
The introduction of the Youth Guarantee (YG) was met with high expectations. Since the economic crisis youth unemployment has significantly increased. It was accompanied by a flexibilisation of employment forms and the lowering of youth wages, both attempts to facilitate integration in the labour market. Hence, it was up to the YG to address existing problems vis-à-vis young people entering the labour market, and to improve policy coordination." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Does reducing unemployment benefits during a recession reduce youth unemployment?: evidence from a 50% cut in unemployment assistance (2017)
Doris, Aedín; Sweetman, Olive; O'Neill, Donal;Zitatform
Doris, Aedín, Donal O'Neill & Olive Sweetman (2017): Does reducing unemployment benefits during a recession reduce youth unemployment? Evidence from a 50% cut in unemployment assistance. (IZA discussion paper 10727), Bonn, 38 S.
Abstract
"We use administrative data to examine the effect of a 50% benefit cut for young unemployed workers in Ireland during the Great Recession. Because the cut applied only to new benefit claims, claimants whose unemployment start dates differed by a matter of days received very different benefits; we exploit this fact in our Regression Discontinuity and Difference-in-Difference analyses. While we find no impact on unemployment duration for those aged 20-21, the benefit cut significantly reduced duration for 18 year olds, with an estimated elasticity close to one. We consider possible explanations for our findings and also examine long-run effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Understanding cross-country variation in the long-term consequences of graduating at a bad time: a comparison of five European countries (2017)
Zitatform
Helbling, Laura, Stefan Sacchi & Christian Imdorf (2017): Understanding cross-country variation in the long-term consequences of graduating at a bad time. A comparison of five European countries. (NEGOTIATE working paper 6.3), Oslo, 40 S.
Abstract
"This working paper investigates if graduating in a bad economy scars careers of youth cohorts in terms of increased future unemployment and overrepresentation in fixed-term and involuntary part-time work. These dynamics of scarring are explored from a cross-country comparative perspective, focusing on the UK, Germany, Switzerland, Spain and Finland. These countries make up for interesting cases as they differ remarkably on institutional and economic dimensions such as for example the vocational orientation of their education systems, the strictness of employment protection legislation, active labour market policies to support job-search success of jobless young people and the general level of prevalent youth unemployment, which are assumed to be related to cross-nationally distinct patterns in scarring effects. The focus of the empirical analysis is on long-term effects of the level of aggregate youth unemployment at graduation on career evolvement of school-leaver cohorts over 12 years since their graduation, distinguishing between educational groups while allowing for gender effects. All in all we find that bad luck in timing of labour market entry can scar future careers over the long-run. A bad economy at labour market entry may thus be seen as a major risk factor for the future integration of youth cohorts in very different institutional contexts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Long-term unemployed youth: Characteristics and policy responses (2017)
Mascherini, Massimiliano; Ledermaier, Stefanie; Vacas-Soriano, Carlos; Jacobs, Lena;Zitatform
Mascherini, Massimiliano, Stefanie Ledermaier, Carlos Vacas-Soriano & Lena Jacobs (2017): Long-term unemployed youth. Characteristics and policy responses. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, 85 S. DOI:10.2806/940447
Abstract
"While the youth labour market has improved considerably since 2014, one legacy of the recent economic crisis is the large cohort of long-term unemployed young people, which represents nearly one-third of jobless young people. This report provides an updated profile of the youth labour market in 2016 and describes trends over the past decade. It explores the determinants of long-term unemployment, at both sociodemographic and macroeconomic levels. It also provides evidence on the serious consequences for young people of spending a protracted time in unemployment, such as scarring effects on income and occupation and on several dimensions of young people's well-being. The report concludes with a discussion of selected policy measures recently implemented by 10 Member States in order to prevent young people from becoming long-term unemployed or, if they are in such circumstances, to integrate them into the labour market or education." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Executive Summary -
Literaturhinweis
Absolventen allgemeinbildender und beruflicher Bildungsgänge in Europa: Der Start ins Berufsleben ist in einigen Ländern besonders schwierig (2016)
Zitatform
Anger, Silke, Ute Leber & Margarida Rodrigues (2016): Absolventen allgemeinbildender und beruflicher Bildungsgänge in Europa: Der Start ins Berufsleben ist in einigen Ländern besonders schwierig. (IAB-Kurzbericht 11/2016), Nürnberg, 8 S.
Abstract
"Die Integration junger Menschen in den Arbeitsmarkt hat eine zentrale Bedeutung für die wirtschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Entwicklung eines Landes. Dies gilt umso mehr, als frühe Arbeitsmarkterfahrungen wichtig sind für den späteren Beschäftigungserfolg. Allerdings ist der Eintritt in das Erwerbsleben für viele Jugendliche in Europa auch infolge der Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise immer noch schwierig. Ein neuer Indikator der EU, die Erwerbstätigenquote von Absolventen allgemeinbildender und beruflicher Bildungsgänge, soll den Beitrag des Bildungssystems beim Übergang in den Arbeitsmarkt adäquat abbilden. Auf Basis dieser Kennzahl zeigen die Autorinnen die Entwicklung der Beschäftigung von jungen Menschen mit Schul-, Berufs- oder Hochschulabschluss in Europa über die letzten zehn Jahre und gehen auf Unterschiede zwischen den Ländern sowie auf länderspezifische Einflussfaktoren ein." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The effects of the economic crisis on drug consumption of young individuals in Europe: unemployment, drugs and attitudes among European youth (2016)
Zitatform
Ayllón, Sara & Natalia N. Ferreira-Batista (2016): The effects of the economic crisis on drug consumption of young individuals in Europe. Unemployment, drugs and attitudes among European youth. (NEGOTIATE working paper 4.2), Oslo, 32 S.
Abstract
"This paper studies changes in patterns of drugs consumption and attitudes to- wards drugs in relation to sky-high (youth) unemployment rates in the aftermath of the Great Recession. Our analysis is based on data for 28 European countries referred to young people between the ages of 15 and 24. We find that consumption of cannabis and of 'new substances' is positively related with increasing unemployment rates. For example, an increase of 1% in the regional unemployment rate is associated with an increase of nearly 0.7% of young people declaring to have consumed cannabis at any point in time. Our findings also indicate that higher unemployment rates can be associated with more young people perceiving that access to drugs became more difficult, particularly for ecstasy, cocaine and heroin. On the opposite, we do not find any link between changes in the unemployment rate and changes in perceived risk of drugs use. Finally, according to young Europeans, when the economy worsens, anti-drug policies should focus on the reduction of poverty and unemployment, and not on implementing tougher measures against users." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Are recessions good for human capital accumulation? (2016)
Zitatform
Ayllón, Sara & Natalia Nollenberger (2016): Are recessions good for human capital accumulation? (NEGOTIATE working paper 5.1), Oslo, 32 S.
Abstract
"This paper is the first to investigate to what extent the high levels of joblessness brought by the Great Recession across Europe have translated into higher school attendance among youth. Using cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the EU- SILC on 28 countries, we establish a robust counter-cyclical relationship between rising unemployment rates and school enrollment. The same is true for transitions back to education. However, our analysis by subgroups reveals a worrisome trend by which youths belonging to most disadvantaged backgrounds (measured by low household income) became less likely to enroll in University studies. The austerity measures and educational cutbacks imposed during the recession, not only changed the pattern of educational decisions among you" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do youths graduating in a recession incur permanent losses?: Penalties may last ten years or more, especially for high-educated youth and in rigid labor markets (2016)
Zitatform
Cockx, Bart (2016): Do youths graduating in a recession incur permanent losses? Penalties may last ten years or more, especially for high-educated youth and in rigid labor markets. (IZA world of labor 281), Bonn, 11 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.281
Abstract
"The Great Recession that began in 2008 - 2009 dramatically increased youth unemployment. But did it have long-lasting, adverse effects on the careers of youths? Are cohorts that graduate during a recession doomed to fall permanently behind those that graduate at other times? Are the impacts different for low- and high-educated individuals? If recessions impose penalties that persist over time, then more government outlays are justified to stabilize economic activity. Scientific evidence from a variety of countries shows that rigid labor markets can reinforce the persistence of these setbacks, which has important policy implications." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
deutsche Kurzfassung -
Literaturhinweis
Youth unemployment in Europe - business cycle and institutional effects (2016)
Zitatform
Dietrich, Hans & Joachim Möller (2016): Youth unemployment in Europe - business cycle and institutional effects. In: International economics and economic policy, Jg. 13, H. 1, S. 5-25., 2015-11-04. DOI:10.1007/s10368-015-0331-1
Abstract
"In the aftermath of the Great Recession 2008/2009 European youth unemployment rose sharply from below 4.2 m in 2007 to more than 5.6 m young people under 25 unemployed in the EU28 countries in 2013. The youth unemployment rate expanded from 15.5 in 2007 to 25.5 in 2013. Beyond the consequences for individuals youth unemployment as a mass phenomenon is potentially menacing the stability of democratic societies. Hence there are good reasons to fight youth unemployment by any means. The paper analyses the specific structure and causes of youth unemployment. Although youth unemployment is also influenced by individual factors like insufficient qualification, we show that country-specific factors - institutions, traditions and characteristic structures - are of high importance in explaining the huge disparities between European countries. Using panel data estimates with specific country and time fixed effects we show that especially the Mediterranean countries responded to the economic downturn in a specific way. However, the high correlation of changes in the youth and adult unemployment rates across countries points to the fact that not only structural factors but also business cycle effects are important for explaining the sharp increase in the youth unemployment rate in Europe. The rise in joblessness is in fact closely related to macroeconomic slackness. Therefore, we argue that a two-handed approach combining institutional improvements with growth stimulating measures is needed to overcome the problem." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Strategies to improve labour market integration of young people: analysing linkages between horizontal and vertical policy coordination (2016)
Zitatform
Dingeldey, Irene & Lisa Steinberg (2016): Strategies to improve labour market integration of young people. Analysing linkages between horizontal and vertical policy coordination. (NEGOTIATE working paper 8.1), Oslo, 25 S.
Abstract
"WP8 deals with the co-ordination of policy measures and strategies to strengthen young people's negotiating positions in the transition to the labour market. The focus is on the development and coordination of policy efforts within a system of multi-level governance. The template aims to address three issues by analysing the following questions: 1. Vertical and horizontal coordination of European policies to improve labour market integration of young people - Does coordination take place through 'hard' or 'soft' measures? - Which actors are involved in decision-making? - When does multi-level policy coordination to help labour market integration of young people work best?' 'Under what conditions are the development and coordination of such policies across multiple levels of governance likely to succeed?' 2. Impact of European initiatives, support and mutual learning on national and subnational policies/strategies - What impact did European programs like 'Youth Guarantee' and Youth initiative and 'Youth on the move' have at national and sub-national level? 3. Re-integration of national experiences in the European policy agenda - Which approaches, experiences and achievements of European countries have influenced European level initiatives? The template aims to provide a basis for country chapters on the implementation of European initiatives, a comparative report on strengths and weaknesses of policy coordination and policy outcomes in a MLG system as well as policy recommendations on how actors might improve coordination across governance levels. Empirical information of this working paper will be based on secondary country-based literature, official documents, existing national policy/program evaluations, and expert interviews with 4 - 5 key officials from agencies involved in the implementation of these programs in each country." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Institutional determinants of early job insecurity in nine European countries (2016)
Hora, Ondrej; Sirovátka, Tomá¿; Horáková, Markéta;Zitatform
Hora, Ondrej, Markéta Horáková & Tomá¿ Sirovátka (2016): Institutional determinants of early job insecurity in nine European countries. (NEGOTIATE working paper 3.4), Oslo, 69 S.
Abstract
"In the European labour market, young people have been disproportionally affected by job insecurity indicated by unemployment, inactivity, job precariousness and fragmented careers during and after the economic crisis of 2008. This may be crucial for their ability to maintain a living income and to live a decent life on their present and future life course. The increasing polarisation in the labour market may become a persistent structural feature in the conditions of the changing employment structures and flexibilization of labour. This challenge was recognised at the EU level when Youth Opportunities Initiative (2011), Youth Employment Package (2012) and Youth Guarantee (2013) were launched and underpinned with financing from ESF schemes. The European countries, however, have experienced very different impacts of the crisis on their labour markets (Karamessini et al. 2016). Similarly, the initial responses in active labour market policies (ALMPs) to the crisis also diverged considerably (Clasen et al 2012). The question arises about the longer-term adaptations of labour market policy and other policies to the challenge of increasing early job insecurity and the associated structural changes in the labour market.
The aim of this paper is to assess in nine national contexts how recent reforms in labour market institutions and policies and the skill formation systems may have affected the incidence of early job insecurity and the patterns of labour market entry/integration of young women and men. Job insecurity as understood here includes two dimensions: (a) insecurity of maintaining the current job, (b) insecurity of getting another job in the future, that is, job insecurity and employment insecurity (compare Chung and van Oorschot 2011)." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Understanding unemployment scars: a vignette Experiment of employers' decisions in Bulgaria, Greece, Norway and Switzerland (2016)
Hyggen, Christer; Yfanti, Aggeliki; Imdorf, Christian ; Shi, Lulu P. ; Parsanaglou, Dimitris; Stoilova, Rumiana ; Sacchi, Stefan ; Yordanova, Gabriela; Samuel, Robin ;Zitatform
Hyggen, Christer, Christian Imdorf, Dimitris Parsanaglou, Stefan Sacchi, Robin Samuel, Rumiana Stoilova, Lulu P. Shi, Aggeliki Yfanti & Gabriela Yordanova (2016): Understanding unemployment scars. A vignette Experiment of employers' decisions in Bulgaria, Greece, Norway and Switzerland. (NEGOTIATE working paper 7.2), Oslo, 63 S.
Abstract
"In an effort to broaden the understanding of how early job insecurity can affect an individual's future career from an employer's perspective NEGOTIATE conducted an employer-sided survey with an integrated multidimensional vignette experiment in Bulgaria, Greece, Norway and Switzerland. This report documents the sampling and data-collection in the four countries. In addition we present some basic descriptive results from the survey. Data from the survey will be available for public use, following a quarantine period after the end of the project, through the data repository at the Norwegian Centre for Research Data (NSD).
Theoretical considerations underpinning the survey, state of research and a further description of the methodological approach is previously published in the NEGOTIATE Working paper D7.1 Studying employer's risk assessment and the role of institutions: An experimental design (Shi, L.P, C. Imdorf and R. Samuel 2016)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Exportartikel Berufsbildung?: Internationale Bildungszusammenarbeit zwischen Armutsreduktion und Wirtschaftsförderung (2016)
Zitatform
Jäger, Matthias, Markus Maurer & Martin Fässler (2016): Exportartikel Berufsbildung? Internationale Bildungszusammenarbeit zwischen Armutsreduktion und Wirtschaftsförderung. Bern: Hep, 215 S.
Abstract
"Berufsbildung ist seit den 1950er-Jahren ein wichtiges Standbein der schweizerischen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit. Nun verleiht ihr die in jüngster Zeit weltweit zunehmende Jugendarbeitslosigkeit neue Popularität. Entwicklungspolitische Zielvorgaben, internationale Megatrends und unterschiedliche Konzepte stellen die Berufsbildung vor große Herausforderungen. Die Autoren diskutieren Praxis und Potenzial bezüglich der Bildungszusammenarbeit im Spannungsfeld zwischen Armutsreduktion und Wirtschaftsförderung. Dabei schlagen sie den Bogen von den ersten internationalen Berufsbildungsprojekten bis zu einer nächsten Projektgeneration." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis bei der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek -
Literaturhinweis
The careers of young people in Europe during the economic crisis * (2016)
Zitatform
Karamessini, Maria, Maria Symeonaki, Glykeria Stamatopoulou & Antonis Papazachariou (2016): The careers of young people in Europe during the economic crisis *. (NEGOTIATE working paper 3.2), Oslo, 93 S.
Abstract
"In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the study of young people's careers in Europe and the identification of the risk factors influencing them. The study of transitions between labour market states and the measurement of the school-to-work transition probabilities has become of utmost importance, since young people's pathways from school to sustained work have become rough and unpredictable. The probability of someone who has concluded full-time education to move successfully into full-time occupation seems to decrease, while, on the other hand, the probability of engaging into a part-time or temporary job increases. Emphasis should therefore be given to the estimation of different indicators that can be used in order to capture the extent and forms of job insecurity. Several methodological approaches are proposed in the present study, taking advantage of existing data sources, cross-sectional and longitudinal, so as to provide a full picture of early job insecurity in all European countries and its relation to a number of socio-demographic variables that might be influencing its magnitude. The results uncover that there are important differences between countries, when all estimated early job insecurity indicators are taken into account." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Size of training firms and cumulated long-run unemployment exposure: the role of firms, luck, and ability in young workers' careers (2016)
Müller, Steffen; Neubäumer, Renate;Zitatform
Müller, Steffen & Renate Neubäumer (2016): Size of training firms and cumulated long-run unemployment exposure. The role of firms, luck, and ability in young workers' careers. (IWH-Diskussionspapiere 2016,05), Halle, 28 S.
Abstract
"This paper analyzes how life-cycle unemployment of former apprentices depends on the size of the training firm. We start from the hypotheses that the size of training firms reduces long-run cumulated unemployment exposure, e.g. via differences in training quality and in the availability of internal labor markets, and that the access to large training firms depends positively on young workers' ability and their luck to live in a region with many large and medium-sized training firms. We test these hypotheses empirically by using a large administrative data set for Germany and find corroborative evidence." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Economic crisis and youth unemployment: comparing Greece and Ireland (2016)
Zitatform
Papadopoulos, Orestis (2016): Economic crisis and youth unemployment. Comparing Greece and Ireland. In: European journal of industrial relations, Jg. 22, H. 4, S. 409-426. DOI:10.1177/0959680116632326
Abstract
"Both Greece and Ireland have long suffered high youth unemployment rates and have been pressured to restructure their employment and social systems under the European Employment Strategy. Problems were aggravated by the harsh conditions imposed by the Troika following bail-outs. Yet there was significant divergence in youth employment outcomes between Greece and Ireland despite a convergence of policies. In Ireland, tighter conditionality of benefits and stronger 'activation' were already on the agenda of the social actors, so their implementation was not forcefully contested. In Greece, the lack of effective social protection made it difficult for successive governments to build support for flexibilization, and the escalating insecurity of young Greeks and their families gave rise to social unrest and political instability. This contrast leads to a reappraisal of the convergence - divergence debate." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Inequality and 21-year-olds' negotiation of uncertain transitions to employment: a Bourdieusian approach (2015)
Borlagdan, Joseph;Zitatform
Borlagdan, Joseph (2015): Inequality and 21-year-olds' negotiation of uncertain transitions to employment. A Bourdieusian approach. In: Journal of Youth Studies, Jg. 18, H. 7, S. 839-854. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2014.992327
Abstract
"Faced with uncertainty, how do young people navigate the transition from school to work? Applying Bourdieu's concept of habitus to the 'fields' of education and employment, I argue that past experience, family background and unequal access to economic, social and symbolic forms of capital differentiate their transitions. Drawing on the tenth wave of the Australian longitudinal Life Chances Study, we found that all of the twenty-five 21-year-olds interviewed expressed uncertainty when discussing their futures. However, those from high-income backgrounds with access to strong social, economic and cultural resources were better able to manage the risks arising from uncertainty than their counterparts from low-income backgrounds. The following article seeks to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of young people's experiences at age 21 through the application of Bourdieu's conceptual framework. The interviewees' habitus and cultivation of varying forms of capital tend towards social reproduction, yet also reveal opportunities for those considered 'disadvantaged' to mobilise their cultural resources. Bourdieu's model of the field, and its component conceptual tools, provide an explanatory frame to make sense of the seemingly incoherent paths that young people trace between education and employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Understanding the consequences of early job insecurity and labour market exclusion: the interaction of structural conditions, institutions, active agency and capability (2015)
Zitatform
Dingeldey, Irene, Bjørn Hvinden, Christer Hyggen, Jacqueline O'Reilly & Mi Ah Schøyen (2015): Understanding the consequences of early job insecurity and labour market exclusion. The interaction of structural conditions, institutions, active agency and capability. (NEGOTIATE working paper 2.1), Oslo, 43 S.
Abstract
"This document is the first deliverable from Work Package 2 of the NEGOTIATE project, 'Early job insecurity and youth unemployment as a theoretical and societal challenge'. The Work Package's first objective is to develop 'an original analytical framework for a comparative assessment of the individual and societal consequences of job insecurity early in a career. The analytical framework integrates concepts such as negotiation, agency, capability, empowerment, social resilience, embedded employability, networks, transition regimes, welfare state regimes and multi-level governance. A key interest is how to conceptualise the interactions between the young adults' agency and structurally given constraints and opportunities, (e.g. how they perceive and use their scope for action through networks and active agency, even in seemingly adverse circumstances) and in what sense young adults' find ways of negotiating the challenges of prolonged unemployment and job insecurity.' (DoA, Annex 1, Part A, p. 16). NEGOTIATE's core question is how young people's scope for agency interacts with different layers of structural conditions in a multi-level governance system.
As means to answering this question, the deliverable will review and summarise relevant theoretical literature on key concepts and assess how they contribute to an understanding of the consequences of early job insecurity for young people. A particular interest is the extent to which young women and men are able to negotiate these conditions and avoid the most adverse consequences of such insecurity. We will be particularly attentive to mechanisms of gendered labour market outcomes and patterns of market marginalisation of young people.
The practical goal of presenting the analytical framework and undertaking a conceptual clarification is to provide a common basis for the empirical work of NEGOTIATE (cf. Work Packages 3-8), as well as a conceptual base for the final synthesis of results." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Berufswünsche benachteiligter Jugendlicher: die Konkretisierung der Berufsorientierung gegen Ende der Vollzeitschulpflicht (2015)
Dombrowski, Rosine;Zitatform
Dombrowski, Rosine (2015): Berufswünsche benachteiligter Jugendlicher. Die Konkretisierung der Berufsorientierung gegen Ende der Vollzeitschulpflicht. (Berichte zur beruflichen Bildung), Bielefeld: Bertelsmann, 261 S.
Abstract
"Die Determinanten der Berufswünsche von benachteiligten Jugendlichen sind bisher wenig erforscht. Welchen Einfluss haben Erwartungen, berufliche Motive, familiäre Ressourcen und schulische Unterstützungsstrukturen? In ihrer empirischen Studie analysiert die Autorin mit Daten des nationalen Bildungspanels die Berufswünsche von Jugendlichen, die die Schule voraussichtlich mit Hauptschulabschluss oder ohne Schulabschluss verlassen werden. Die Dissertation liefert Erkenntnisse über Verlaufsmuster von Berufsfindungsprozessen, bringt neue Befunde über die Berufswünsche benachteiligter Jugendlicher ans Licht und markiert weiteren Forschungsbedarf." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Policy performance and evaluation: Germany (2015)
Eichhorst, Werner; Wozny, Florian; Cox, Michael;Zitatform
Eichhorst, Werner, Florian Wozny & Michael Cox (2015): Policy performance and evaluation: Germany. (IZA research report 66), Bonn, 40 S.
Abstract
Der Beitrag beginnt mit einer Darstellung der Struktur des deutschen Bildungssystems, seiner Institutionen, der Hierarchie der Zuständigkeiten und der Akteure auf dem Feld der Bildungspolitik - des Schulsystems, der tertiären Bildung und vor allem der beruflichen Bildung (duales System). Im nächsten Schritt werden die aktive bzw. aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik, die Anspruchsvoraussetzungen für den Leistungsbezug, der Kündigungsschutz und neuere politische Innovationen auf den Politikfeldern Bildung, Arbeitsmarktpolitik, Mindestlohn beschrieben. Ein letzter Blick gilt den unterschiedlichen Förderungsmöglichkeiten für (arbeitslose) Jugendliche und deren Subgruppen und den Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der im europäischen Vergleich deutlich niedrigeren Jugendarbeitslosigkeit. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Happy birthday, you're fired!: the effects of age-dependent minimum wage on youth employment flows in the Netherlands (2015)
Zitatform
Kabátek, Jan (2015): Happy birthday, you're fired! The effects of age-dependent minimum wage on youth employment flows in the Netherlands. (IZA discussion paper 9528), Bonn, 28 S.
Abstract
"This paper investigates the effects of the age-dependent minimum wage on youth employment flows in the Netherlands. The Dutch minimum wage for workers aged 15-23 is defined as a step-wise increasing function of a worker's calendar age. At the age of 23, workers become eligible for the 'adult' minimum wage which does not increase further. This creates an incentive for firms to discriminate against employees on the basis of their age, substituting more expensive older workers with younger ones. In order to grasp the size of these effects, I analyze monthly flows in and out of employment using administrative records for the entire youth population of the Netherlands. I account for the time remaining until workers' next birthdays, exploiting the fact that firms are facing a sharp discontinuity in labor costs in the month when a worker turns one year older. The results show a significant increase in job separation around the time of this discontinuity: the probability of job separation increases by 1.1% in the three calendar months which are closest to a worker's next birthday. This effect exhibits substantial heterogeneity with respect to a worker's age, showing that young and inexperienced workers are more likely to be affected by the discontinuities. The size of the effect also varies by the sector of employment, being particularly large for supermarket employees. Job accession peaks just after workers' birthdays, representing both entry of the workers with higher reservation wages and reemployment of the workers whose jobs are dissolved around the time of the discontinuity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen in: ILR Review, online first (2020), 1-28 -
Literaturhinweis
On the efficiency of labor market reforms: how to solve the Spanish puzzle? (2015)
Sacht, Stephen;Zitatform
Sacht, Stephen (2015): On the efficiency of labor market reforms. How to solve the Spanish puzzle? (Economics. Discussion papers 2015-55), Kiel, 20 S.
Abstract
"In this paper we shed light on the relationship between labor market policy, entrepreneurship and youth unemployment prior to and in the aftermath of the global financial crisis in Spain. We discuss the situation, where labor market and macroeconomic policies were largely inefficient in reducing high levels of (youth) unemployment after 2007. We rise the question why in a situation of low inflation rates, an increase in (youth) unemployment had been observed although the labor market becomes more flexible due to the associated structural reform in 2010. We call this the Spanish Puzzle. The main reason for this observation can be found in the phenomena of downward nominal rigidity and the existence of a liquidity trap. Given the recovery of the Spanish economy in 2015, this development is grounded on (besides the increase in private consumption and a trade surplus) several policy measurements in order to strengthen entrepreneurial activity in 2013. The corresponding boost in private investment expenditure can be identified as the sustainable main driver for job creation in the long run." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Studying employers' risk assessment and the role of institutions: an experimental design (2015)
Zitatform
Shi, Lulu P., Christian Imdorf & Robin Samuel (2015): Studying employers' risk assessment and the role of institutions. An experimental design. (NEGOTIATE working paper 7.1), Oslo, 24 S.
Abstract
"Work Package 7 aims at understanding how early job insecurity can affect an individual's future career from an employer's perspective. By paying special attention to the educational background and gender of the applicants, we plan to investigate how employers interpret young applicants' job insecurity, for example in the form of unemployment or job-mismatch experiences, during recruitment. The negative effects of such experiences on an individual's chances of being recruited successfully - so called scarring effects - may further vary depending on economic and institutional contexts such as country-specific economic or political conditions, educational structures or economic sectors. By surveying employers from different sectors, we will examine if and how these scarring effects vary between four different countries: Bulgaria, Greece, Norway and Switzerland. We will apply an innovative methodology in the form of an employer-sided survey with an integrated multidimensional vignette experiment in order to simulate the impact of multiple factors on success and failure when young people who experienced job insecurities apply for new jobs. In the present working paper we summarise the major theoretical concepts that have been used to explain the scarring effects that can result from employer behaviour. Moreover, we outline how we plan to collect data in WP 7 in order to analyse scarring through decision-making on behalf of employers during the recruitment process." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wie kann die NEET-Rate bzw. die Anzahl an NEET-Jugendlichen gesenkt werden? (2015)
Tamesberger, Dennis; Koblbauer, Christina;Zitatform
Tamesberger, Dennis & Christina Koblbauer (2015): Wie kann die NEET-Rate bzw. die Anzahl an NEET-Jugendlichen gesenkt werden? (AMS-Info 333), Wien, 4 S.
Abstract
"Das vorliegende AMS info stellt die erweiterte Fassung eines Vortrages dar, den Dennis Tamesberger im Rahmen der Tagung 'All we NEET is ...? Barrieren & Chancen für Jugendliche in Bildung & Beruf' am 27.5.2015 in Wien gehalten hat. Veranstalter dieser Tagung waren die Caritas Österreich, die Abt. Arbeitsmarktforschung und Berufsinformation des AMS Österreich und das sozialwissenschaftliche Forschungs- und Beratungsinstitut abif - Analyse, Beratung und interdisziplinäre Forschung." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
A multifactorial explanation of youth unemployment and the special case of Austria (2015)
Tamesberger, Dennis;Zitatform
Tamesberger, Dennis (2015): A multifactorial explanation of youth unemployment and the special case of Austria. In: International social security review, Jg. 68, H. 1, S. 23-45. DOI:10.1111/issr.12058
Abstract
"One of the biggest challenges currently facing European society is the dramatically high level of youth unemployment. Commonly, political solutions and strategies can be found in those countries that have been able to keep youth unemployment low in spite of the financial and economic crises. Austria is such a case. On the basis of European Union Member State data, the article gives a multifactorial explanation of youth unemployment and asks whether these factors can explain relatively low youth unemployment in Austria. With the country's 'youth safety net' presented in detail, it is shown that active labour market policy reduces youth unemployment in Austria. The article also points out the limitations of cross-country comparisons of youth unemployment rates and proposes the use of a greater number of indicators. Finally, the article argues for economic policies to stimulate demand, which have to be based on a political and social commitment to full employment." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
OECD skills outlook 2015: youth, skills and employability (2015)
Zitatform
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2015): OECD skills outlook 2015. Youth, skills and employability. (OECD skills outlook), Paris, 153 S. DOI:10.1787/9789264234178-en
Abstract
"Im OECD-Raum sind heute mehr als 35 Millionen junge Leute weder in Beschäftigung noch in Bildung oder Ausbildung. Der Bericht baut auf der Internationalen Vergleichsstudie über die Kompetenzen Erwachsener (PIAAC) auf und analysiert, wie junge Menschen Kompetenzen erwerben, wie sie ihre Fähigkeiten einsetzen und welchen Hindernissen sie bei Berufseinstieg und Karriere begegnen. Er gibt Empfehlungen für Politikmaßnahmen, mit denen die Länder die Beschäftigungslage junger Menschen verbessern können." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Deutsche Zusammenfassung -
Literaturhinweis
Youth unemployment in advanced economies in Europe: searching for solutions (2014)
Banerji, Angana; Lin, Huidan; Saksonovs, Sergejs; Blavy, Rodolphe;Zitatform
Banerji, Angana, Sergejs Saksonovs, Huidan Lin & Rodolphe Blavy (2014): Youth unemployment in advanced economies in Europe. Searching for solutions. (IMF staff discussion note 2014,11), Washington, DC, 32 S. DOI:10.5089/9781498337113.006
Abstract
"The staff discussion note will assess the youth unemployment problem in advanced European countries, with a special focus on the euro area. It will document the main trends in youth and adult unemployment in 22 European countries before and after the global financial crisis. It will identify the main drivers of youth and adult unemployment, focusing in particular on the role of the business cycle and structural characteristics of the labor market. It will outline the main elements of a comprehensive strategy to address the problem." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Changes in labour market transitions in Ireland over the Great Recession (2014)
Zitatform
Bergin, Adele, Elish Kelly & Seamus McGuinness (2014): Changes in labour market transitions in Ireland over the Great Recession. (IZA discussion paper 8401), Bonn, 21 S.
Abstract
"This paper assesses the impact that the 2009 Great Recession had on individual's transitions to and from unemployment in Ireland. The rate of transition from unemployment to employment declined between 2006 and 2011, while the rate from employment to unemployment increased. The impact of some of the factors identified as contributing to the likelihood of a transition taking place were found to have changed over this period. In particular, young people are much less likely to exit unemployment, but at the same time they have a lower risk of becoming unemployed. Education has become an increasingly important factor in both supporting unemployment exits and reducing the risk of becoming unemployed since the recession. The scarring impact of long-term unemployment appears to have fallen substantially in Ireland post-recession. The results from a decomposition analysis show that compositional changes are largely unimportant in explaining the change in the transition rates between 2006 and 2011." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
spätere (möglw. abweichende) Version -
Literaturhinweis
Quo Vadis Gute Arbeit - Perspektiven der jungen Generation (2014)
Blum-Geenen, Sabine; Leiderer, Eric; Machnig, Jan;Zitatform
Blum-Geenen, Sabine, Eric Leiderer & Jan Machnig (2014): Quo Vadis Gute Arbeit - Perspektiven der jungen Generation. In: L. Schröder & H.- J. Urban (Hrsg.) (2014): Gute Arbeit : Profile prekärer Arbeit - Arbeitspolitik von unten, S. 196-205.
Abstract
"Trotz aller postmaterialistischen Phantasien ist Arbeit für die meisten Menschen nach wie vor die zentrale Grundlage sowohl für ökonomische als auch soziale Teilhabe und gesellschaftliche Integration. In Folge der Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise haben zahlreiche europäische Länder mit einer hohen Arbeitslosigkeit, insbesondere bei jungen Menschen, sozialer Unsicherheit und einer Ausweitung atypischer Beschäftigungsverhältnisse zu kämpfen. Sie stehen - nicht zuletzt aufgrund der einseitigen Krisenanalyse und der dementsprechend einseitigen Therapiekonzepte - vor tiefgreifenden Reformen ihrer Arbeitsmärkte. Diese Entwicklungen sind inzwischen längst zu einer großen Herausforderung für Wohlfahrtsstaat und Demokratie geworden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of the global financial crisis on youth labour markets (2014)
Junankar, Pramod N.;Zitatform
Junankar, Pramod N. (2014): The impact of the global financial crisis on youth labour markets. (IZA discussion paper 8400), Bonn, 32 S.
Abstract
"This paper investigates the impact of the GFC on youth unemployment and long term unemployment. In particular, we study whether the GFC had a bigger impact on youths than adults, and whether youth unemployment rates increased due to an increase in youth wages relative to adult wages. To anticipate our results, we find that the youth unemployment rates increased significantly more than that of adults even though youth wages had been falling relative to adult wages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Consequences of flexible employment at labour market entry for early career development in the Netherlands (2014)
Lange, Marloes de; Gesthuizen, Maurice; Wolbers, Maarten Hendrik Jan;Zitatform
Lange, Marloes de, Maurice Gesthuizen & Maarten Hendrik Jan Wolbers (2014): Consequences of flexible employment at labour market entry for early career development in the Netherlands. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 35, H. 3, S. 413-434. DOI:10.1177/0143831X13485878
Abstract
"In this article it is investigated to what extent flexible employment at labour market entry negatively affects the early career of school-leavers in the Netherlands in the period 1986 - 2008. Additionally, the question is raised to what extent educational differences exist in this relationship. To answer these questions, Dutch panel data from the OSA Labour Supply Panel are analysed. The results correspond with previous findings from studies on other European countries, supporting the stepping-stone rather than the entrapment hypothesis. A flexible start in the Dutch labour market increases the likelihood of repeated flexible employment and unemployment in the early career, and coincides with less occupational status development and income growth. However, the detrimental effects of flexible employment at labour market entry are only temporary and diminish after some years. Furthermore, no evidence is found for the existence of educational differences in the negative effects of flexible employment at labour market entry." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Youth labour market integration across Europe: the impact of cyclical, structural, and institutional characteristics (2014)
Lange, Marloes de; Gesthuizen, Maurice; Wolbers, Maarten H.J.;Zitatform
Lange, Marloes de, Maurice Gesthuizen & Maarten H.J. Wolbers (2014): Youth labour market integration across Europe. The impact of cyclical, structural, and institutional characteristics. In: European Societies, Jg. 16, H. 2, S. 194-212. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2013.821621
Abstract
"Young people in Europe face great difficulties nowadays when entering the labour market. Unemployment and temporary employment are high among youth, although considerable differences exist between European countries. In this article, we study to what extent cyclical, structural, and institutional factors explain cross-national variation in youth labour market integration. Inaddition, we examine educational differences in the impact of these macro-characteristics. To answer these questions, we use data on young people from 29 countries who were interviewed in the European Social Survey of 2002, 2004, 2006, or 2008 and left day-time education in the period 1992_2008. Both unemployment and temporary employment are regarded as a lack of labour market integration, compared to the situation of permanent employment. The empirical results first of all show that high unemployment hinders young people to smoothly integrate into the labour market. In addition, economic globalisation positively affects youth labour market integration. We also demonstrate that young people experience less difficulty with labour market integration as the educational system is more vocationally specific. Intermediate and higher educated particularly profit from the positive effect of the vocational specificity of the educational system. Finally, as the employment protection legislation of incumbent workers is stricter, young people experience more difficulties with labour market integration, especially higher educated youth." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour market transitions of young people during the economic crisis (2014)
Leitner, Sebastian; Stehrer, Robert;Zitatform
Leitner, Sebastian & Robert Stehrer (2014): Labour market transitions of young people during the economic crisis. (WIIW working paper 109), Wien, 35 S.
Abstract
"This paper analyses the impacts of the crisis on various groups in the labour market, providing a comparison across groups of EU countries and individual Central and East European new EU Member States. In particular, it reports how the crisis affected the transitions of people between different states in the labour market: employment, unemployment, education and inactivity. Based on EU SILC data, a descriptive overview concerning the changes in transition rates is provided by estimating Markov transition probabilities. This is complemented by a set of probit regression results pointing towards significant changes in the various transitions triggered by the crisis. This is particularly the case for the younger age cohorts and low-educated workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Inklusion und Jugendsozialarbeit: Aufforderung zur Reflexion von Ausgrenzungsprozessen und zur Neubestimmung des sozialpolitischen Auftrags (2014)
Marx, Birgit; Funk, Heide;Zitatform
Marx, Birgit & Heide Funk (Hrsg.) (2014): Inklusion und Jugendsozialarbeit. Aufforderung zur Reflexion von Ausgrenzungsprozessen und zur Neubestimmung des sozialpolitischen Auftrags. (Reihe Praxisforschung in Bildung und sozialer Arbeit), Paderborn: In Via-Verlag, 280 S.
Abstract
"In diesem Buch sind Beiträge zusammengetragen worden, die eine Diskussion um die Rolle von Jugendsozialarbeit im Kontext der Inklusionsdebatte anregen wollen.
'Will man die Frage klären, welche Rolle die Jugendsozialarbeit bei der Vermittlung von Inklusionschancen hat, muss zuerst die kritische Auseinandersetzung mit den Zielen und Begrenzungen der Jugendsozialarbeit, wie sie sich heute entwickelt hat und wozu auch Untersuchungen vorliegen, einen breiten Raum in der bildungs- und sozialpolitischen Reformdiskussion bekommen'. Deshalb zeigt dieser Band auf, wie Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene aus Ausbildung und Beschäftigung ausgeschlossen werden und was dies für sie bedeutet. Es soll eine sozialpolitische Diskussion über die derzeitige Realität und Folgen von Ausgrenzung angeregt werden.
Die aktuelle Diskussion um Inklusion wird auf der Grundlage unklarer Begriffe geführt. Deshalb werden in der Einleitung die Begriffe Inklusion, Exklusion und Integration aufgegriffen und in zwei Konzeptionen begrifflich eingeordnet - einem analytischen Konzept mit dem Fokus der gesellschaftlichen Teilnahme von Menschen und einem programmatischen mit der gesellschaftlichen Teilhabe in lebensweltlichen und sozialintegrativen Kontexten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis bei der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek -
Literaturhinweis
Mapping youth transitions in Europe (2014)
Zitatform
Mascherini, Massimiliano, Anna Ludwinek, Carlos Vacas, Anja Meierkord & Michael Gebel (2014): Mapping youth transitions in Europe. Dublin, 100 S. DOI:10.2806/51024
Abstract
"Young people in Europe continue to experience great difficulties in entering the labour market. Although the youth unemployment rate in a few Member States has started to fall, overall 23% of young European job-seekers aged 15 - 24 could not find a job in January 2014. In 2012, 14.6 million young people across Europe were not in employment, education or training (NEETs), accounting for 15.9% of the entire population of those aged 15 - 29. This report analyses the labour market situation of young people in Europe, focusing in particular on their school-to-work transition, while also monitoring their more general transition to adulthood. The report also investigates the ability of young people to remain in employment against the odds during the crisis and charts their transitions from temporary to permanent contracts. The report concludes with a discussion on the strengths and weaknesses of selected policy measures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Executive Summary -
Literaturhinweis
Youth unemployment after apprenticeship training and individual, occupation and training employer characteristics (2014)
Zitatform
Mohrenweiser, Jens & Thomas Zwick (2014): Youth unemployment after apprenticeship training and individual, occupation and training employer characteristics. (ZEW discussion paper 2014-052), Mannheim, 20 S.
Abstract
"This paper analyses the risk of unemployment, unemployment duration and the risk of long-term unemployment immediately after apprenticeship graduation. Unemployed apprenticeship graduates constitute a large share of unemployed youth in Germany but unemployment incidence within this group is unequally distributed. Our paper extends previous research in three dimensions. It shows that individual productivity assessment of the training firm, initial selection into high reputation training firms and occupations, and adverse selection of employer moving graduates are correlated with unemployment after apprenticeship graduation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Jugend ohne Arbeit: eine unendliche Geschichte? (2014)
Münch, Joachim;Zitatform
Münch, Joachim (2014): Jugend ohne Arbeit. Eine unendliche Geschichte? Baltmannsweiler: Schneider-Verl. Hohengehren, 120 S.
Abstract
"Der Autor verdeutlicht in diesem Buch sowohl die bildungspolitische und arbeitsmarktpolitische Relevanz als auch die gesellschaftspolitische Brisanz der Jugendarbeitslosigkeit. Ist Arbeitslosigkeit seit der Industrialisierung ein Massenproblem mit zum Teil verheerenden Folgen für Individuen und Gesellschaft, so gilt dies in besonderer Weise für die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit. Joachim Münch zeigt deren Ursachen in historischer und systematischer Perspektive auf und diskutiert die einschneidenden Folgen für die betroffenen jungen Menschen, lässt es aber dabei nicht bewenden. Er eruiert Lösungsansätze in Bildung, Ausbildung und Beschäftigung und kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass Jugendarbeitslosigkeit wie Arbeitslosigkeit überhaupt leider ein ständiger Begleiter der modernen Arbeitsgesellschaft bleiben wird, aber bei entschiedenem politischen Wollen minimiert werden kann." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis bei der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek -
Literaturhinweis
Youth unemployment in the OECD: the role of institutions (2014)
Sachs, Andreas; Smolny, Werner;Zitatform
Sachs, Andreas & Werner Smolny (2014): Youth unemployment in the OECD. The role of institutions. (ZEW discussion paper 2014-080), Mannheim, 23 S.
Abstract
"This paper analyzes the role of labor market institutions for youth unemployment, as contrasted to total unemployment. The empirical results are basically consistent with an insider view of labor market institutions. Labor market institutions tend to protect (older) employees but might harm (young) entrants. Remarkable is especially the significant and very high effect of employment protection for regular jobs on youth unemployment. In addition, the combined effects of powerful unions and a coordinated wage bargaining system are beneficial for older people and detrimental to youth. Finally, the paper establishes significant labor supply effects and effects of the education system on youth and total unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How to combat NEET?: evidence from Austria (2014)
Tamesberger, Dennis; Leitgöb, Heinz; Bacher, Johann;Zitatform
Tamesberger, Dennis, Heinz Leitgöb & Johann Bacher (2014): How to combat NEET? Evidence from Austria. In: Intereconomics, Jg. 49, H. 4, S. 221-227. DOI:10.1007/s10272-014-0503-1
Abstract
The number young people not in education, employment or training (NEET) has been rising since the beginning of the economic and financial crisis in 2008. This article contributes to the discussion about the reduction of the NEET rate by addressing the questions: Which structural factors can explain differences in the NEET rates among Austrian federal states? What causes an increased or reduced NEET risk at the individual level? What are the key factors for an exit from a NEET situation?" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Zukunft unsicher: Jugendarbeitslosigkeit im europäischen Vergleich (2014)
Thompson, Spencer; Hohbein, Aline; Thies, Lars;Zitatform
Thompson, Spencer, Aline Hohbein & Lars Thies (2014): Zukunft unsicher. Jugendarbeitslosigkeit im europäischen Vergleich. Gütersloh, 102 S.
Abstract
"Wie entsteht Jugendarbeitslosigkeit? Von welchen Faktoren wird sie beeinflusst? Spielen konjunkturelle und wirtschaftsstrukturelle Einflüsse die entscheidende Rolle, oder ist es die Flexibilität der Arbeitsmärkte? Anhand von Daten des europäischen Statistikamtes Eurostat und der europäischen Arbeitskräfteerhebung (European Labour Force Survey) geht die vorliegende Studie auf empirischer Grundlage der Frage nach, wie sich in Großbritannien, den Niederlanden, Frankreich, Spanien, Schweden und Deutschland die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit entwickelt hat und von welchen Faktoren diese bestimmt wird. Im Ergebnis wird deutlich, dass der Ausgestaltung der Ausbildungssysteme eine wesentliche Bedeutung zukommt: Je stärker Praxiserfahrungen in die Ausbildung integriert werden - ob nun auf formelle oder auf informelle Weise - desto besser sind die Übergangschancen der Absolventen in den Arbeitsmarkt. Das duale Ausbildungssystem deutscher Prägung schneidet einerseits sehr gut ab bei diesem Vergleich, denn die betriebliche Praxis ist ein integraler Bestandteil der Ausbildung. Andererseits zeigt ein genauerer Blick auch Probleme auf: Wer als junger Mensch seinen Weg in das deutsche Ausbildungssystem findet, hat zwar beste Chancen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt. Wem dies jedoch nicht gelingt, der hat schlechte Karten. Ohne Ausbildungsplatz ist die berufliche Zukunft düster für Jugendliche in Deutschland." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Youth prospects in a time of economic recession (2013)
Aassve, Arnstein; Cottini, Elena; Vitali, Agnese;Zitatform
Aassve, Arnstein, Elena Cottini & Agnese Vitali (2013): Youth prospects in a time of economic recession. In: Demographic Research, Jg. 29, S. 949-962. DOI:10.4054/DemRes.2013.29.36
Abstract
"Background - The paper gives an update to earlier analysis considering youth poverty and transition to adulthood, which is timely given the economic crisis engulfing many countries in Europe. Whereas the crisis is affecting young people in particular, there is also a certain degree of variation across Europe.
Objective - We document the short-term consequences of the current recession on the transition to adulthood of young Europeans, focusing on two main cornerstones in the transition to adulthood: economic independence and residential autonomy.
Methods - We use a combination of OECD Employment Statistics for 2012 and micro-level data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) for the period 2005-2011 for 24 countries.
Results - We document an increase in economic hardship experienced by young adults in several European countries during the recession, which is starting to translate into higher rates of co-residence with parents, hence delaying the process of leaving home and gaining economic independence.
Conclusions - The way countries are reacting to the recession is not yet clear-cut, but economic uncertainty and deprivation is on the rise in those countries hardest hit, which is likely to delay the key markers of transition to adulthood." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Vocational education and training for employment in Spain (2013)
Barreira Cerqueiras, Eva M.;Zitatform
Barreira Cerqueiras, Eva M. (2013): Vocational education and training for employment in Spain. In: Berufsbildung, Jg. 67, H. 141, S. 44-46.
Abstract
"Der Beitrag beschreibt das spanische Berufsbildungssystem mit dem Schwerpunkt betriebliche Weiterbildung." (BIBB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Unemployment is the scourge, not youth unemployment per se: the misguided policy preoccupation with youth (2013)
Zitatform
Barslund, Mikkel & Daniel Gros (2013): Unemployment is the scourge, not youth unemployment per se. The misguided policy preoccupation with youth. (CEPS policy briefs 294), Brüssel, 11 S.
Abstract
"Unemployment is one of the key economic issues in large parts of Europe - especially in the south, which has been in recession for the last 4-5 years. In countries like Greece, Spain, Portugal and Italy, youth unemployment rates have risen to levels that are often reported as 'alarming' or 'shocking' in the media. This Policy Brief argues that too much effort and political capital is being spent by the Commission and member states on being seen to be doing something quickly about youth unemployment when, in fact, the structural measures proposed will only have long-term effects. Expectations of immediate relief are running well above what can be delivered, especially at the EU level. Given the macroeconomic situation, no policy option will deliver a significant dent in either youth unemployment or unemployment in general." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Doppelte Abiturjahrgänge: veränderte Chancen für Jugendliche am Ausbildungsmarkt (2013)
Beicht, Ursula;Zitatform
Beicht, Ursula (2013): Doppelte Abiturjahrgänge. Veränderte Chancen für Jugendliche am Ausbildungsmarkt. In: Berufsbildung in Wissenschaft und Praxis, Jg. 42, H. 6, S. 38-41.
Abstract
"Im Jahr 2012 gab es aufgrund der doppelten Abiturjahrgänge in vier Bundesländern insgesamt deutlich mehr Studienberechtigte, die eine Ausbildung im dualen System anstrebten. Da sich die Situation auf dem Ausbildungsmarkt im Jahr 2012 nicht so günstig wie erwartet entwickelte, war zumindest für einzelne Bewerbergruppen - insbesondere für jene mit weniger günstigen schulischen Voraussetzungen - eine Verschlechterung der Ausbildungschancen zu befürchten. Welche Ausbildungsstellenbewerber/- innen tatsächlich in welcher Weise betroffen waren, wird im Beitrag auf Basis der BA/BIBB-Bewerberbefragungen 2010 und 2012 untersucht." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Youth guarantee in times of austerity: the Greek case (2013)
Cholezas, Ioannis;Zitatform
Cholezas, Ioannis (2013): Youth guarantee in times of austerity. The Greek case. Berlin, 16 S.
Abstract
"- In the second quarter of 2013 youth unemployment rate in Greece was by far the highest amongst EU28 member countries and as high as 59.0 per cent. It is therefore essential for society to deal with youth unemployment in a decisive and effective manner,
- Youth Guarantee is an opportunity for Greece to work on several long standing problems ranging from education to labour market institutions, while dealing with youths' unemployment at the same time.
- Careful preparation, planning, implementation and evaluation are needed, along with a continuous communication campaign to inform all social partners and eligible youths of the effort.
- There should be an effort to expand the age span of those eligible from 25 to 30 years of age if we wish to realise the full impact of the Youth Guarantee, since the unemployment rate amongst those aged 25-29 is also the highest amongst EU28 member countries in the second quarter of 2013." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Youth unemployment in the period 2001-2010 and the European crisis: looking at the empirical evidence (2013)
Zitatform
Dietrich, Hans (2013): Youth unemployment in the period 2001-2010 and the European crisis. Looking at the empirical evidence. In: Transfer, Jg. 19, H. 3, S. 305-324., 2013-07-24. DOI:10.1177/1024258913495147
Abstract
"Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Entwicklung der Jugendarbeitslosigkeit im Zeitraum 2001-2010 auf Makroebene. Es werden alternative Konzepte zur Ermittlung der Jugendarbeitslosigkeit als abhängige Größe eingeführt. Während die herkömmliche Jugendarbeitslosenquote am stärksten auf konjunkturelle Effekte, die Verbesserung des allgemeinen Ausbildungsniveaus oder die Erhöhung des Beschäftigungsanteils in der Industrie anspricht, reagiert sie nicht auf die relative Zunahme erwerbsloser junger Menschen. Alternativ dazu werden die NEET-Quote (der Anteil junger Menschen, die sich nicht in schulischer oder beruflicher Ausbildung befinden und keiner Arbeit nachgehen) und der Anteil Erwerbsloser in der jungen Gesamtbevölkerung verwendet, die beide die Arbeits- und Erwerbslosigkeit ins Verhältnis zur jungen Gesamtbevölkerung setzen. Im Vergleich zur NEET-Quote reagiert letzteres Modell besser auf Veränderungen in der Anzahl junger Erwerbsloser und bietet auch gute Erklärungsansätze. Abschließend wurde noch das Verhältnis zwischen Jugend- und Erwachsenenarbeitslosigkeit untersucht, was zeigte, dass sich diese Kennzahl in den 2000er Jahren bis 2008 erhöht hat. In den Krisenjahren stagnierte sie hingegen oder war sogar leicht rückläufig. Allgemein betrachtet, schien die Entwicklung dieses Verhältnisses in den 2000er Jahren nur einen schwachen Zusammenhang mit der Konjunktur aufzuweisen, was weiter untersucht werden sollte. Der Beitrag erörtert außerdem mögliche Konsequenzen für politische Maßnahmen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Erfolgreich in den Arbeitsmarkt?: die duale Berufsausbildung im internationalen Vergleich (2013)
Zitatform
Ebner, Christian (2013): Erfolgreich in den Arbeitsmarkt? Die duale Berufsausbildung im internationalen Vergleich. (Campus Forschung 960), Frankfurt am Main: Campus-Verl., 285 S.
Abstract
"Die duale Berufsausbildung gilt als Garant für einen reibungslosen Erwerbseinstieg. Christian Ebner vergleicht erstmals in einer Studie die dualen Ausbildungssysteme und deren Verzahnung mit dem Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland, Österreich, der Schweiz und Dänemark. Es wird deutlich, dass die institutionelle Ausgestaltung zu wesentlichen Unterschieden der Arbeitsmarktperspektiven in den jeweiligen Ländern führt." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
How to combine the entry of young people in the labour market with the retention of older workers? (2013)
Eichhorst, Werner; Boeri, Tito ; Steiber, Nadia ; Kendzia, Michael J.; Coen, An de; Galasso, Vincenzo ;Zitatform
Eichhorst, Werner, Tito Boeri, An de Coen, Vincenzo Galasso, Michael J. Kendzia & Nadia Steiber (2013): How to combine the entry of young people in the labour market with the retention of older workers? (IZA discussion paper 7829), Bonn, 31 S.
Abstract
"This paper provides an overview of the employment situation of young and old workers in the EU Member States, setting out the most recent development during the crisis and dealing with policies implemented to promote the employment of both groups. The evidence collected shows that there is no competition between young and older workers on the labour market. Structural or general policies to enhance the functioning of EU labour markets are crucial to improving the situation of both groups. However, the responsibility for employment policies still predominantly lies within Member States of the European Union, although initiatives taken at the EU level can provide added value, particularly through stimulating the exchange of experiences and facilitating regional and cross-border mobility throughout the EU." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Für ein Recht auf Ausbildung (2013)
Erdsiek-Rave, Ute; John-Ohnesorg, Marei;Zitatform
Erdsiek-Rave, Ute & Marei John-Ohnesorg (Hrsg.) (2013): Für ein Recht auf Ausbildung. (Schriftenreihe des Netzwerk Bildung), Berlin, 48 S.
Abstract
Der Bericht thematisiert die nach wie vor geringen Chancen von benachteiligten Jugendlichen, einen Ausbildungsplatz zu finden, sowie die unbefriedigende Situation im Übergangssystem. Ein Zehn-Punkte-Programm zeigt auf, wie auch für diese Jugendlichen das Recht auf Ausbildung verwirklicht werden kann. In den folgenden Beiträgen werden einzelne Punkte konkretisiert: Heinrich Alt: Junge Menschen ohne Ausbildung - Übergangssystem trotz Fachkräftemangel; Friedrich Hubert Esser: Warum sind junge Menschen ohne Ausbildung? - Gründe und Handlungsmöglichkeiten; Martin Baethge: Individuelle Förderung im Übergangssystem und in der Ausbildung - Sechs Thesen; Hans Konrad Koch: Berufsausbildung für alle ist machbar; Silke Gmirek: Förderung der Berufsausbildung für Benachteiligte: Barrieren und Umsetzungshindernisse. In ihrem abschließenden Fazit fordert Ulla Burchhardt eine Reform der beruflichen Bildung unter Abstimmung aller nationalen Akteure. 'Dazu gehört zunächst eine Bestandsaufnahme der beruflichen Bildung, in der die Problemstellen herausgearbeitet und die Aufgabenbereiche der verschiedenen Akteure identifiziert werden. Dabei ist auch zu überprüfen, ob die derzeitigen Finanzströme in der beruflichen Bildung zielführend organisiert sind.' (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Postsekundäre Berufsbildung in Deutschland (2013)
Fazekas, Mihály; Field, Simon;Zitatform
Fazekas, Mihály & Simon Field (2013): Postsekundäre Berufsbildung in Deutschland. (OECD-Studien zur Berufsbildung), Paris, 103 S. DOI:10.1787/9789264202368-de
Abstract
"Der Bericht beschreibt die OECD-Studie zur postsekundären Berufsbildung und die im Rahmen dieser Studie durchgeführte Untersuchung der Situation in Deutschland, fasst die wichtigsten Merkmale des deutschen Berufsbildungssystems zusammen und beurteilt dessen besondere Stärken. Die Herausforderungen, vor denen das deutsche postsekundäre Berufsbildungssystem steht, werden ebenfalls angesprochen." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Peut-on parler de "générations sacrifiées" ? Entrer sur le marché du travail dans une période de mauvaise conjoncture économique (2013)
Gaini, Mathilde; Leduc, Aude; Augustin, Vicard;Zitatform
Gaini, Mathilde, Aude Leduc & Vicard Augustin (2013): Peut-on parler de "générations sacrifiées" ? Entrer sur le marché du travail dans une période de mauvaise conjoncture économique. In: Economie et Statistique H. 462-463, S. 5-25.
Abstract
"Die Wirtschaftskrise gegen Ende der 2000er Jahre schränkte die kurzfristigen Arbeits- und Gehaltsperspektiven der jungen Menschen, die auf den Arbeitsmarkt kamen bzw. kommen wollten ein, und traf sie dadurch hart. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung zu Frankreich versuchen wir in Erfahrung zu bringen, ob junge Menschen, die zum Zeitpunkt ihres ersten Eintritts ins Arbeitsleben einer Wirtschaftskrise ausgesetzt waren, auch langfristig benachteiligt bleiben. Wir haben dazu aufgrund der Daten der Erhebung Emploi (Beschäftigung) die Kohorten der Schulabgänger von 1982 bis 2010 untersucht. Dieser Zeitraum umfasst mehr als zwei komplette Schulbesuchsdauern. Kurzfristig äußert sich die Benachteiligung der betroffenen Kohorten mehr im Beschäftigungsanteil als in der Höhe des Gehalts derer, die eine Arbeit gefunden haben. Nach Ablauf von 4 Jahren verblassen beide Abweichungen und die Kurven laufen zusammen. Die Unterschiede zwischen Generationen, die zu mehr oder weniger günstigen Konjunkturlagen den Arbeitsmarkt. betraten, erweisen sich somit in Frankreich als weniger ausgeprägt als in den meisten anderen Ländern. Eine mögliche Erklärung könnte der hohe Anteil an jungen Menschen sein, die zu Mindestlohnbedingungen eingestellt werden. Der gesetzliche Mindestlohn ist auch in schlechten Konjunkturzeiten kaum nach unten flexibel. Die Auswirkung der schwachen Konjunktur beschränkt sich daher auf den Beschäftigungsanteil, hat aber keine nachteiligen Wirkungen auf die spätere Eingliederung ins Arbeitsleben. Die Tatsache, zu Beginn der Berufslaufbahn mehr arbeitslos gewesen zu sein, scheint von den Arbeitgebern nicht als Zeichen schlechterer Einstellbarkeit gewertet zu werden, da sie wissen, dass der Arbeitslosenprozentsatz der jungen Menschen in Frankreich ohnehin bei allen Kohorten hoch ist. Es ist natürlich noch zu früh, um sagen zu können, ob diese Ergebnisse auf die aktuelle Krise, deren Ausmaß und Mechanismen sehr spezifisch sind, extrapoliert werden können. Es ist nicht auszuschließen, dass ihre Auswirkungen auf die Berufslaufbahnen stärker als in der Vergangenheit sein werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Die berufliche Integration von Jugendlichen mit Hauptschulbildung: eine Längsschnittanalyse typischer Übergangsverläufe (2013)
Geier, Boris;Zitatform
Geier, Boris (2013): Die berufliche Integration von Jugendlichen mit Hauptschulbildung. Eine Längsschnittanalyse typischer Übergangsverläufe. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 66, H. 1, S. 33-41. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2013-1-33
Abstract
"Nur eine Minderheit der Jugendlichen mit Hauptschulbildung beginnt unmittelbar nach der Schule eine Berufsausbildung. Die Mehrheit tritt stattdessen in Bildungs- und Qualifizierungsgänge ein, die für sie Zwischenstationen zwischen dem Besuch der allgemeinbildenden Schule und einer ersten Berufsausbildung darstellen. Auf Basis des DJI-Übergangspanels, in dem Informationen über die an den Schulbesuch anschließenden Bildungs-, Ausbildungs- und Erwerbsstationen erhoben wurden, werden typische Übergangsverläufe identifiziert, die sich in einem Zeitraum von gut fünf Jahren nach dem Verlassen der Schule zeigen. Darüber hinaus werden Einflussfaktoren für erfolgversprechende und problematische Karrieren auf dem Weg zur beruflichen Integration untersucht. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass nur etwa ein Viertel der Hauptschulabsolventinnen und -absolventen direkt in Ausbildung mündet, jedoch für weitere gut 40 % der Jugendlichen nach Zwischenschritten eine gute Prognose ausgestellt werden kann; weitere knapp 10 % gehen sogar den Weg Richtung Hochschulreife. Knapp ein Viertel der Jugendlichen bleibt jedoch ohne Berufsausbildung und ist von Arbeitslosigkeit sowie prekären Beschäftigungsverhältnissen bedroht. Der Erfolg gelingender beruflicher Integration hängt u. a. von regionalen Kontexten sowie schulischen und herkunftsbedingten Faktoren ab." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Minimum wages and youth unemployment (2013)
Gorry, Aspen;Zitatform
Gorry, Aspen (2013): Minimum wages and youth unemployment. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 64, H. November, S. 57-75. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2013.08.004
Abstract
"This paper constructs a labor search model to explore the effects of minimum wages on youth unemployment. To capture the gradual decline in unemployment for young workers as they age, the standard search model is extended so that workers gain experience when employed. Experienced workers have higher average productivity and lower job finding and separation rates that match wage and worker flow data. In this environment, minimum wages can have large effects on unemployment because they interact with a worker's ability to gain job experience. The increase in minimum wages between 2007 and 2009 can account for a 0.8 percentage point increase in the steady state unemployment rate and a 2.8 percentage point increase in unemployment for 15-24 year old workers in the model parameterized to simulate outcomes of high school educated workers. Minimum wages can also help explain the high rates of youth unemployment in France compared to the United States." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Strategien
- Aktive Arbeitsmarktprogramme
- Beschäftigungsförderung - Förderung der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit
- Maßnahmen zur Bildung und Weiterbildung
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- Geografischer Bezug