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Menschen mit Behinderungen in Ausbildung und Beruf

Mit dem Bundesteilhabegesetz und dem Nationalen Aktionsplan 2.0 wurden 2016 zwei wichtige behindertenpolitische Vorhaben angestoßen und in den Folgejahren umgesetzt und weiterentwickelt. Damit soll im Einklang mit der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention die Inklusion in Deutschland weiter vorangetrieben werden, indem die Selbstbestimmung und Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen gestärkt werden. Mit dem schrittweisen Inkrafttreten des Bundesteilhabegesetzes erfuhren das Recht der Rehabilitation und Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen und die Eingliederungshilfe (SGB IX) weitreichende Änderungen. Wie stellt sich die Situation von behinderten Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt dar? Wie lassen sich behindertengerechte Berufsleben und inklusive Arbeitswelten gestalten?
Die Infoplattform stellt zentrale Dokumente und relevante Quellenhinweise zusammen, inhaltlich strukturiert nach den Aspekten der Politik für behinderte Menschen und den diskutierten bzw. realisierten Reformanstrengungen.

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  • Literaturhinweis

    'They Exist but They Don't Exist': Personal Assistants Supporting Physically Disabled People in the Workplace (2023)

    Maddison, Jane ; Birks, Yvonne; Graham, Katherine; Brooks, Jenni ;

    Zitatform

    Maddison, Jane, Jenni Brooks, Katherine Graham & Yvonne Birks (2023): 'They Exist but They Don't Exist': Personal Assistants Supporting Physically Disabled People in the Workplace. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 37, H. 4, S. 1052-1069. DOI:10.1177/09500170221075532

    Abstract

    "Employment rates in England for disabled people are persistently lower than for non-disabled people. Support from a Workplace Personal Assistant is one way of narrowing this gap. Personal assistance is an empowerment-driven model in which the disabled person controls their support: who provides it, when, how and where. Previous research has focused on the personal assistant role in the home setting. This article draws on data from 32 qualitative interviews in the first UK study to explore personal assistance in the workplace for people with physical and/or sensory impairments. To maintain their enabling role in this external setting, Workplace Personal Assistants needed to strive for occupational invisibility when among the disabled workers’ colleagues: to ‘exist but not exist’. This article examines the Workplace Personal Assistant role as invisible work, applying Hatton’s conceptual framework. The analysis contributes to understanding of workplace personal assistance and ways in which mechanisms can intersect to produce multiple invisibility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Autistic adults' views and experiences of requesting and receiving workplace adjustments in the UK (2022)

    Davies, Jade ; Remington, Anna; Livesey, Adam; Heasman, Brett; Pellicano, Elizabeth; Walker, Amy ;

    Zitatform

    Davies, Jade, Brett Heasman, Adam Livesey, Amy Walker, Elizabeth Pellicano & Anna Remington (2022): Autistic adults' views and experiences of requesting and receiving workplace adjustments in the UK. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 17, H. 8. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0272420

    Abstract

    "This article examines 181 autistic adults’ views toward, and experiences of, requesting and receiving workplace adjustments in the UK. Using an online survey, we collected both qualitative and quantitative data relating to individuals’ experiences. While the majority of participants perceived workplace adjustments to be important, many were not receiving them. Analysis of open-ended text responses highlighted specific challenges that autistic people face in requesting and receiving adjustments. Specifically, participants felt the onus fell on them to (1) identify their need for adjustments; (2) establish the specific adjustments that would be beneficial and (3) request adjustments from their employer. Yet, they reported struggling with this process. Participants also highlighted a range of social and organisational barriers to the successful implementation of workplace adjustments. Unsurprisingly, the lack of successfully implemented adjustments had far-reaching impacts on participants’ wellbeing as well as the choices they made about their future employment. These findings highlight the need for employers to take a more active role in the identification and implementation of workplace adjustments, as well as a need for more understanding and inclusive working environments that truly allow autistic employees to thrive in the workplace." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Working from home and disabled people's employment outcomes (2022)

    Hoque, Kim ; Bacon, Nick ;

    Zitatform

    Hoque, Kim & Nick Bacon (2022): Working from home and disabled people's employment outcomes. In: BJIR, Jg. 60, H. 1, S. 32-56. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12645

    Abstract

    "This paper assesses disabled employees’ likelihood of working from home relative to non-disabled employees, and the implications of doing so for their experiences of work. Analysing British nationally representative data, the findings suggest that disabled employees are less likely to work from home than non-disabled employees, given they are disproportionately excluded from the higher-paying and/or managerial roles in which working from home is more widely available. In addition, organizations in which working from home is more commonplace do not employ a higher proportion of disabled people. The results also confirm disabled employees report poorer experiences of work than non-disabled employees regarding job control, job-related mental health, job satisfaction and work–life balance. Although working from home is positively associated with these outcomes (except for work–life balance) for both disabled and non-disabled employees, there is very little evidence it is associated with smaller disability gaps in these outcomes. Therefore, our analysis questions the potential for working from home to reduce disability disadvantage within organizations, and highlights the need for more substantial action to address the barriers to employment that disabled people encounter." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Disability and Academic Careers: Using the Social Relational Model to Reveal the Role of Human Resource Management Practices in Creating Disability (2022)

    Sang, Katherine ; Calvard, Thomas ; Remnant, Jennifer ;

    Zitatform

    Sang, Katherine, Thomas Calvard & Jennifer Remnant (2022): Disability and Academic Careers: Using the Social Relational Model to Reveal the Role of Human Resource Management Practices in Creating Disability. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 36, H. 4, S. 722-740. DOI:10.1177/0950017021993737

    Abstract

    "Disabled people continue to face a variety of significant barriers to full participation and inclusion in work and employment. However, their experiences remain only sparsely discussed in relation to human resource management (HRM) practices and employment contexts. The current study contributes to this gap in understanding by drawing together relevant work connecting HRM practices, diversity management and disability studies to examine the experiences of a sample of 75 disabled academics in the UK. Through the social relational model of disability, HRM practices socially construct disability in the workplace. Interview and email data from disabled academics in the UK are drawn upon to illustrate how organisational practices and policies, while intended to ‘accommodate’ disabled people, inadvertently construct and shape disability for people with impairments or chronic health conditions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Evaluating social investment in disability policy (2020)

    Folmer, Christopher P. Reinders; Veen, Romke van der; Mascini, Peter;

    Zitatform

    Folmer, Christopher P. Reinders, Peter Mascini & Romke van der Veen (2020): Evaluating social investment in disability policy. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 54, H. 5, S. 792-812. DOI:10.1111/spol.12579

    Abstract

    "Disability policy in European countries is displaying a shift towards social investment: increasing human capital and access to the labour market. The reasoning that underlies this transition is that disabled persons would benefit from mainstream employment, but are impeded in traditional policy by deficiencies in labour supply and demand. However, the shift towards more activating policies in many countries is accompanied by a decline in social protection. It is unclear whether social investment may effectively promote the employment chances of disabled persons within this context. The present research examines this question through a quantitative, cross‐sectional, multilevel analysis on microdata from 22 EU countries. Our findings suggest greater activation to predict lower employment chances, while reducing passive support shows mixed effects. Conversely, measures for facilitation in daily life predict greater employment chances, as do measures for sheltered work. These findings raise questions over the value of social investment for disabled persons - and underline the need to overcome broader barriers in the labour market and in society." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Estimating the impact of disability onset on employment (2020)

    Jones, Melanie K.; McVicar, Duncan ;

    Zitatform

    Jones, Melanie K. & Duncan McVicar (2020): Estimating the impact of disability onset on employment. In: Social Science & Medicine, Jg. 225. DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113001

    Abstract

    "This paper examines the impact of disability onset on the probability of employment using an underexplored longitudinal dataset for Britain. It contrasts estimates based on a control group drawn from those not experiencing disability onset – a common approach in the literature – with estimates based on a control group drawn from those who do experience disability onset, but one year after the treatment group. Compared to the non-disabled control group, the control group of later-onsetters is likely to be more similar to the treatment group in terms of unobservables, with the resulting estimates therefore more plausibly interpreted as causal. Using this control group we estimate that the probability of employment falls by 11 percentage points in the year of disability onset. The equivalent estimate using the control group drawn from those not experiencing onset is about fifty percent larger. The employment effects of disability onset are also shown to be larger for those with lower qualification levels, consistent with weaker attachment to the labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Predicting policy performance: Can the work and health programme work for chronically ill or disabled people? (2019)

    Benstead, Stef;

    Zitatform

    Benstead, Stef (2019): Predicting policy performance: Can the work and health programme work for chronically ill or disabled people? In: Critical social policy, Jg. 39, H. 4, S. 643-662. DOI:10.1177/0261018318820173

    Abstract

    "Many developed countries consider that disability benefit receipt is too high and more disabled people should be in paid work. Employment programmes designed to achieve this have tended towards less financial support and more requirement to engage in activity. But emphasis on social inclusion through paid work coupled with inadequate benefits and mandated activity can cause distress and worsened health. It is therefore vital that politicians understand the likely impact of employment programmes before introducing them. In this article, a new framework based on five 'Ds' (diagnosis, destination, development, design and delivery) is used to analyse the UK's Work and Health Programme. It is shown that the programme is likely to fail: it includes measures that do not work, and may cause harm, whilst ignoring measures that are known to work. Based on this, it is recommended that this programme be scrapped and the government start listening to disabled people." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Combatting disability discrimination: A comparison of France and Great Britain (2019)

    Corby, Susan; William, Laura; Richard, Sarah;

    Zitatform

    Corby, Susan, Laura William & Sarah Richard (2019): Combatting disability discrimination: A comparison of France and Great Britain. In: European journal of industrial relations, Jg. 25, H. 1, S. 41-56. DOI:10.1177/0959680118759169

    Abstract

    "This article examines disabled people's employment in Great Britain and France. In both countries, they are far less likely to be employed than non-disabled people, but the gap is wider in Britain than in France. Possible explanations for the wider gap in Britain include weak enforcement mechanisms, judicial resistance and the lack of an institutional role for trade unions, resulting in an implementation gap; while the narrower gap in France may reflect the more proactive legislation, including its quota-levy scheme. We conclude that these explanations are not mutually exclusive, and we suggest that Britain might consider adopting some French provisions, thus tempering its voluntarist approach." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Switching focus: Whose responsibility to improve disabled people's employment and pay (2019)

    Sayce, Liz;

    Zitatform

    Sayce, Liz (2019): Switching focus. Whose responsibility to improve disabled people's employment and pay. London, 146 S.

    Abstract

    "This report addresses the question of whether there is a set of policy levers that could, together, encourage employers to improve disabled people's employment and pay. It also considers how proposals could be framed and pursued, to enable people to unite to achieve them." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    Weiterführende Informationen

    Executive Summary
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Does sanctioning disabled claimants of unemployment insurance increase labour market inactivity?: An analysis of 346 British local authorities between 2009 and 2014 (2017)

    Reeves, Aaron ;

    Zitatform

    Reeves, Aaron (2017): Does sanctioning disabled claimants of unemployment insurance increase labour market inactivity? An analysis of 346 British local authorities between 2009 and 2014. In: The journal of poverty and social justice, Jg. 25, H. 2, S. 129-146. DOI:10.1332/175982717X14939739331029

    Abstract

    "Imposing financial penalties on claimants of unemployment insurance may incentivise labour market re-entry. However, sanctions may have differential effects depending on the work-readiness of the claimants. Here, I explore whether sanctioning disabled claimants is associated with greater labour market activity or inactivity among disabled people data on 346 British local authorities between 2009 and 2014. When the number of sanctioned disabled claimants rises (as a proportion of all claimants), the disability rate among economically inactive people becomes larger. There is no clear relationship between sanctioning disabled claimants and the employed disability rate." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Policy Press) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Gender and disability in male-dominated occupations: a social relational model (2016)

    Sang, Katherine J.C.; Marks, Abigail; Richards, James;

    Zitatform

    Sang, Katherine J.C., James Richards & Abigail Marks (2016): Gender and disability in male-dominated occupations. A social relational model. In: Gender, Work and Organization, Jg. 23, H. 6, S. 566-581. DOI:10.1111/gwao.12143

    Abstract

    "Evidence from male-dominated sectors points to high levels of disability and the disabling nature of working environments. However, research of this nature assumes a medical model of disability that does not account for the social construction of disability or the lived experiences of disabled employees. Using data from seven focus groups (n = 44) and semi-structured interviews with professional transport employees with life-long hidden 'impairments', including dyslexia, dyscalculia, dyspraxia, ADD/ADHD and Asperger syndrome (n = 22), this paper explores the lived experiences of men and women working in a sector traditionally dominated by men, the transport industry. Key themes include homosociality, public - private divide and the impact of changing work practices. Further, the data revealed how those with hidden 'impairments' in part construct their identities in relation to both non-disabled colleagues and those considered stereotypically representing disability (wheelchair users). This study furthers understandings of the relationality of gender and disability in the workplace, and the lived experiences of disabled employees." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    New perspectives on health, disability, welfare and the labour market: special issue (2015)

    Lindsay, Colin ; Greve, Bent ; Cabras, Ignazio; Ellison, Nick; Kellett, Steve;

    Zitatform

    (2015): New perspectives on health, disability, welfare and the labour market. Special issue. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 49, H. 2, S. 139-298.

    Abstract

    "More than 2.4 million people of working age in the UK are out of work and claiming 'incapacity' or disability benefits (DBs). Reducing the high levels of benefit claiming among those with health limitations and disabilities has been a priority for successive governments (Lindsay and Houston 2013). Other countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), ranging from Sweden, with its 'social democratic' welfare state (Hagelund and Bryngelson 2014), to the 'liberal' USA also report high rates of disability claiming, and have similarly prioritized measures to bring down welfare rolls (Milligan 2012). Given this context, policy debates have focused an both reforms to the administration of DBs and the content of targeted activation (Bannink 2014).

    There is a need for continuing interdisciplinary research an the nature of the 'disability benefits problem' and the efficacy of current policy solutions and public services. This Special Issue brings together researchers who seek to explore the distinctive, yet interrelated, elements of die problems faced by disability claimants, and evaluate related policies and services." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    Weiterführende Informationen

    Inhaltsverzeichnis
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Employer disability practice in Britain: assessing the impact of the Positive About Disabled People 'Two Ticks' symbol (2014)

    Hoque, Kim ; Bacon, Nick ; Parr, Dave;

    Zitatform

    Hoque, Kim, Nick Bacon & Dave Parr (2014): Employer disability practice in Britain. Assessing the impact of the Positive About Disabled People 'Two Ticks' symbol. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 28, H. 3, S. 430-451. DOI:10.1177/0950017012472757

    Abstract

    "This article assesses the extent to which employers displaying the Positive About Disabled People 'Two Ticks' symbol adhere to the five commitments they are expected to uphold and whether adherence to these commitments is greater in Two Ticks than non-Two Ticks workplaces. It also assesses levels of employer support for and dialogue with Disability Champions in Two Ticks workplaces. These issues are explored in the public and private sectors separately. The analysis finds only limited adherence to the five commitments in Two Ticks workplaces, no consistent evidence that adherence is higher in Two Ticks than non-Two Ticks workplaces and limited evidence of support for and dialogue with Disability Champions in Two Ticks workplaces. It also finds little evidence of variation between public and private sector workplaces." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Berufshinführung für Jugendliche mit Beeinträchtigung der geistigen Entwicklung im Vergleich europäischer Länder (2014)

    Krussek, Martin; Grüning, Eberhard;

    Zitatform

    Krussek, Martin & Eberhard Grüning (2014): Berufshinführung für Jugendliche mit Beeinträchtigung der geistigen Entwicklung im Vergleich europäischer Länder. In: Zeitschrift für Heilpädagogik, Jg. 65, H. 5, S. 164-172.

    Abstract

    "Die Europäische Kommission (2010) bestärkt mit der Strategie Europa 2020 eine engere Zusammenarbeit in der Berufshinführung sowie in der Aus- und Weiterbildung von Jugendlichen zwischen den Staaten der europäischen Gemeinschaft. Vor diesem Hintergrund und unter Einbeziehung der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention (United Nations, 2008) erscheint ein europäischer Vergleich der Bedingungen für die Berufshinführung von Jugendlichen mit Beeinträchtigung der geistigen Entwicklung sinnvoll. Der vorliegende Artikel stellt Leistungen zur beruflichen Teilhabe in Dänemark, England, Schweiz und Deutschland heraus. Im Fokus stehen berufliche Vorstellungen und Motivationen von Jugendlichen sowie die Perspektiven von Lehrkräften hinsichtlich des Transitionsprozesses zwischen Schule und Beruf." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Employer engagement that works: the European expansion of project SEARCH (2014)

    O¿Bryan, Anne; Daston, Maryellen M.; Riehle, Erin;

    Zitatform

    O¿Bryan, Anne, Maryellen M. Daston & Erin Riehle (2014): Employer engagement that works. The European expansion of project SEARCH. In: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, Jg. 41, H. 1, S. 45-51. DOI:10.3233/JVR-140697

    Abstract

    "Project SEARCH is an employer-led approach to training young people with learning (intellectual) disabilities for employment in substantial paid careers. It is a one-year school-to-work transition program that is designed for students whose goal is competitive employment. The program takes place in a business setting. Students are totally immersed in the workplace, which facilitates the teaching and learning process through continuous feedback and acquisition of employability and competitive work skills. The Cincinnati-based Project SEARCH leadership team was invited by the English government to introduce the Project SEARCH model in the UK and to provide technical assistance for program start-up. The first program sites resulting from this initiative were hosted by Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals, with their partner Serco, with their first students graduating in 2009. Expansion of the program has continued beyond the initial introduction so that there are now twenty-four programs in the United Kingdom and one in the Republic of Ireland. This manuscript describes the challenges, successes, and lessons learned in the process of adapting this program, which was developed in the U.S., to the European disability resource system." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Disability in the labour market: an exploration of concepts of the ideal worker and organisational fit that disadvantage employees with impairments (2013)

    Foster, Deborah; Wass, Victoria ;

    Zitatform

    Foster, Deborah & Victoria Wass (2013): Disability in the labour market. An exploration of concepts of the ideal worker and organisational fit that disadvantage employees with impairments. In: Sociology, Jg. 47, H. 4, S. 705-721. DOI:10.1177/0038038512454245

    Abstract

    "The adverse employment effects that attach to disability are empirically well established. They are large and persistent. This is a conceptual article that investigates the source of this deep and enduring employment disadvantage. Debate begins by examining the origins of ideas that have shaped approaches to work study and have influenced concepts of what constitutes an ideal worker. Drawing on feminist critiques of organisational analysis that have highlighted the gendered character of processes, practices and values, it explores the relatively neglected position of disabled employees. With reference to transcripts from four Employment Appeal Tribunals brought under the Disability Discrimination Act, it illustrates how standard jobs, designed around ideal (non-disabled) employees, create a mismatch between a formal job description and someone with an impairment. We suggest this mismatch is central to the organisation's resistance to implementing adjustments and also to any radical approaches to include impaired employees in the workplace." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Understanding changing disability-related employment gaps in Britain 1998 - 2011 (2013)

    Jones, Melanie ; Wass, Victoria ;

    Zitatform

    Jones, Melanie & Victoria Wass (2013): Understanding changing disability-related employment gaps in Britain 1998 - 2011. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 27, H. 6, S. 982-1003. DOI:10.1177/0950017013475372

    Abstract

    "A large and enduring employment gap attaches to impairment and disability. Nevertheless, disability remains a neglected area of research in both labour economics and sociology of work when compared to other protected groups. The government has looked to health professionals (Dame Carol Black, and Sir Michael Marmot), rather than to social scientists, for policy advice, including in relation to the workplace. The Black Review charts an improvement in employment prospects for those reporting disability (1998 - 2007), a reversal of a prior trend. The purpose of this study is to uncover and disentangle the drivers of employment growth for those reporting disability. The effects of changes in group characteristics, some of which may be linked to an increase in the rate of ill health reporting, are considered; and also the effects of changes in the employment structure towards flexible working, the public sector and non-manual jobs. The analysis extends to 2011 to capture the effects of the recession." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Welfare to work and the inclusive labour market: a comparative study of activation policies for disability and long-term sickness benefit claimants in the UK and Denmark (2012)

    Etherington, David; Ingold, Jo ;

    Zitatform

    Etherington, David & Jo Ingold (2012): Welfare to work and the inclusive labour market. A comparative study of activation policies for disability and long-term sickness benefit claimants in the UK and Denmark. In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 22, H. 1, S. 30-44. DOI:10.1177/0958928711425265

    Abstract

    "The increasing number of recipients of disability and long-term sickness benefits has resulted in the introduction of specific employability programmes in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. In the UK Pathways to Work involved enabling and support measures for benefit recipients with long-term health conditions. In Denmark 'flex-jobs' are an integral occupational health intervention for both employed and unemployed people with reduced working capacity. Through a comparative analysis primarily based on stakeholder interviews in both countries, this paper argues that the concept of an inclusive labour market strategy is crucial to assisting these groups into work, underpinned by governance and a politics of representation. In Denmark both the role of the social partners and subsidized employment are significant. In the UK governance has been constrained and insufficient attention has been paid to income security. Comparing these two models highlights policy learning for the UK from the successes of and challenges to the Danish model." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Trends in the employment of disabled people in Britain (2011)

    Berthoud, Richard;

    Zitatform

    Berthoud, Richard (2011): Trends in the employment of disabled people in Britain. (ISER working paper 2011-03), Cochester, 60 S.

    Abstract

    "The number of people claiming incapacity benefits increased rapidly to the mid 1990s, and has hardly reduced since then. This paper uses survey data to plot trends over time in the prevalence of disability, and in the employment rates of disabled people, in a way which is independent of, but comparable with, benefit statistics. The research is mainly based on General Household Survey data across the period 1974 to 2005. Much of the analysis is based on a loose definition of disability, but this is effectively complemented by more detailed data on health conditions available in some GHS years." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Disability, employment and earnings: an examination of heterogeneity (2011)

    Jones, Melanie K.;

    Zitatform

    Jones, Melanie K. (2011): Disability, employment and earnings. An examination of heterogeneity. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 43, H. 8, S. 1001-1017. DOI:10.1080/00036840802600053

    Abstract

    "This article uses information from an ad hoc module on disability in the 2002 UK Labour Force Survey to identify the heterogeneity that exists within the disabled group and examine its impact on labour market outcomes. After controlling for a range of personal characteristics, the type, severity, duration and cause of the disability are found to be important determinants of employment, but there is less evidence to support the influence of within group heterogeneity on earnings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Disability and self-employment: evidence for the UK (2011)

    Jones, Melanie K.; Latreille, Paul L.;

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    Jones, Melanie K. & Paul L. Latreille (2011): Disability and self-employment. Evidence for the UK. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 43, H. 27, S. 4161-4178. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2010.489816

    Abstract

    "This article examines the self-employment decision for disabled and nondisabled workers in the UK. Using Labour Force Survey (LFS) data, it is found that self-employment may provide an important means by which those with work-limiting disabilities can accommodate their impairment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Disability specialist staff in US One-Stop Career Centers and British Jobcentre Plus offices: roles, responsibilities, and evidence of their effectiveness (2010)

    Boeltzig, Heike; Pilling, Doria; Johnson, Robyn; Timmons, Jaimie Ciulla;

    Zitatform

    Boeltzig, Heike, Doria Pilling, Jaimie Ciulla Timmons & Robyn Johnson (2010): Disability specialist staff in US One-Stop Career Centers and British Jobcentre Plus offices. Roles, responsibilities, and evidence of their effectiveness. In: Journal of Disability Policy Studies, Jg. 21, H. 2, S. 101-115. DOI:10.1177/1044207309370840

    Abstract

    "The One-Stop Career Center system in the United States and the Jobcentre Plus system in Great Britain provide universal access to public employment services targeted at all job seekers, including people with disabilities, and employer services. Studies have identified challenges with these universal models in that some job seekers with disabilities may have additional or more intense support needs. Disability specialist positions provide one way of addressing these needs. This article examines their roles and responsibilities and their effectiveness in improving employment service delivery through these systems. The article highlights commonalities and differences associated with the roles between the two countries and discusses implications for improving effectiveness. Findings are based on a scoping review of existing empirical research that was conducted in 2008. The article concludes with directions for future research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Evaluation of access to work: individual budget pilot strand (2009)

    Aston, Jane;

    Zitatform

    Aston, Jane (2009): Evaluation of access to work. Individual budget pilot strand. (Great Britain, Department of Work and Pensions. Research report 620), London, 134 S.

    Abstract

    "This report presents the findings of a qualitative evaluation of the provision of employment support and Access to Work (AtW) alongside Individual Budgets. It was one of three strands of an AtW evaluation which was commissioned by the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP), and carried out by Institute for Employment Studies. Individual Budgets were piloted in 13 local authorities across England, and a separate evaluation of these has been carried out for DWP. AtW was aligned, but not fully integrated, with Individual Budgets, and so AtW funds were not received by service users as part of their Individual Budgets. Alongside some of the processes involved in obtaining an Individual Budget, additional employment-related support was being piloted by DWP and Jobcentre Plus (referred to as 'the employment option'). The employment option centred around employment marketing leaflets from Jobcentre Plus; a four-page leaflet and a more detailed booklet." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Evaluation of access to work: core evaluation (2009)

    Dewson, Sara; Hill, Darcy; Meager, Nigel; Willison, Rebecca;

    Zitatform

    Dewson, Sara, Darcy Hill, Nigel Meager & Rebecca Willison (2009): Evaluation of access to work. Core evaluation. (Great Britain, Department of Work and Pensions. Research report 619), London, 98 S.

    Abstract

    "The Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) commissioned the Institute for Employment Studies (IES) to undertake a qualitative evaluation of Access to Work (AtW) provision. AtW is designed for people with long-term health conditions or impairments who need extra practical support to gain or remain in work. The types of support provided by AtW includes: special aids and equipment; adaptations to premises and equipment; travel to work grants; support workers; and, communicator support at interview. Any help received from AtW is in addition to the reasonable adjustments made by employers in accordance with the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Disability and skill mismatch (2009)

    Jones, Melanie K.; Sloane, Peter J.;

    Zitatform

    Jones, Melanie K. & Peter J. Sloane (2009): Disability and skill mismatch. (IZA discussion paper 4430), Bonn, 32 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper integrates two strands of literature on overskilling and disability using the 2004 British Workplace Employment Relations Survey (WERS). It finds that the disabled are significantly more likely to be mismatched in the labour market, to suffer from a pay penalty and to have lower job satisfaction, the effects being stronger for the work-limited disabled. Giving workers more discretion over how they perform their work would significantly reduce these negative effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Integration into work of persons who were already disabled before adulthood: national reports. Annex (2008)

    Bollens, Joost; Roberts, Simon; Eichenhofer, Eberhard; Jenak, Andreas; Litz, Annegret; Cousins, Mel; Tomes, Igor; Koldinska, Kristina; Greve, Bent ;

    Zitatform

    Bollens, Joost, Igor Tomes, Kristina Koldinska, Bent Greve, Annegret Litz, Eberhard Eichenhofer, Andreas Jenak, Mel Cousins & Simon Roberts (2008): Integration into work of persons who were already disabled before adulthood. National reports. Annex. Tilburg, 352 S.

    Abstract

    Das Buch ist ein Anhang zu dem niederländischen Bericht mit dem Titel 'Arbeidsparticipatie van jonggehandicapten, Een onderzoek naar Europese systemen en praktijken'. Diese Studie basierte auf einzelnen nationalen Berichten zur Teilhabe junger Menschen mit Behinderungen, die jeweils von Wissenschaftlern der beteiligten Länder geliefert wurden. Die Veröffentlichung enthält eine Kompilation dieser Länderberichte in unredigierter Form. Die Länderberichte geben jeweils Bestandsaufnahmen der Arbeitsmarktsituation junger behinderter Menschen in Belgien, der Tschechischen Republik, in Dänemark, Deutschland, Irland und Großbritannien. Sie enthalten Beschreibungen des jeweiligen politischen Systems und der Zuständigkeiten, einen Überblick über Behindertenrecht und -gesetzgebung, institutionelle Bedingungen und Voraussetzungen für die Förderung und Unterstützung junger Behinderter, über Einrichtungen zur Eingliederung junger Behinderter in den Arbeitsmarkt, Beispiele für 'best practice' bei der Förderung der Eingliederung sowie Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen für die Politik. (IAB)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Transition into adulthood and work: findings from Network 1000 (2008)

    Pavey, Sue; Corcoran, Christine; Douglas, Graeme;

    Zitatform

    Pavey, Sue, Graeme Douglas & Christine Corcoran (2008): Transition into adulthood and work. Findings from Network 1000. In: The British Journal of Visual Impairment, Jg. 26, H. 2, S. 202-216. DOI:10.1177/0264619607088283

    Abstract

    "This article draws upon data from a large scale project called 'Network 1000'. Network 1000 seeks to survey the changing needs and opinions of visually impaired adults. Data have been collected from 1007 visually impaired people across Great Britain. This analysis focuses upon a sub-sample of approximately 250 adults aged between 18 and 42 years. In all cases, the onset of these participants' visual impairment was during childhood (i.e. under 17 years of age). The analysis presents data in relation to their education and employment, and reflects upon the factors that seem to be associated with both. It appears that earlier onset of visual impairment is associated with higher levels of educational achievement. There was no clear link between the current level of visual impairment (at the time of interview) and educational achievement. In terms of employment, those with higher levels of educational qualification were more likely to be employed. Those with lower levels of qualifications were more likely to describe themselves as 'long term sick and disabled' or 'unemployed'. Employment rates amongst younger visually impaired people appeared higher for those who had childhood visual impairment than those who did not. This suggests a positive impact of education. Also, employment rates were generally much better amongst younger visually impaired people than those over 50 years old. Nevertheless, the reported employment rate of 40 per cent is still very low. Some time is also spent considering visually impaired adults with severe learning and communication difficulties and their lives following compulsory education, including possible explanations for their likely under-representation in the project sample." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Transition experiences of disabled young people (2007)

    Pigott, Linda; Houghton, Ann-Marie;

    Zitatform

    Pigott, Linda & Ann-Marie Houghton (2007): Transition experiences of disabled young people. In: International Journal of Lifelong Education, Jg. 26, H. 5, S. 573-587. DOI:10.1080/02601370701559664

    Abstract

    "This paper outlines the changing employment climate and shift in attitudes towards disabled people who are expected to become economically active in order to fulfil their role as responsible citizens. We briefly describe the employment profile of disabled people and reiterate the combination of factors identified in shaping progression into the workforce. We provide a summary of two research projects, the Disability Effective Inclusive Policies (DEIP) funded by European Social Fund with a clear connection to EU equity and employability agenda, and the Lancashire Aimhigher Disability (LAD) project designed to support the government's aim of widening participation. We discuss aspects of the transition process, drawing explicitly on interviews with disabled people, policy makers and practitioners involved in developing or implementing policy and providing support services designed to aid the transition process. We conclude that there is a continuing need for a focus on the concept of transition in policy and practice." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    "Nichts über uns - ohne uns!": Disability Studies als neuer Ansatz emanzipatorischer und interdisziplinärer Forschung über Behinderung (2006)

    Hermes, Gisela; Rohrmann, Eckhard;

    Zitatform

    Hermes, Gisela & Eckhard Rohrmann (Hrsg.) (2006): "Nichts über uns - ohne uns!". Disability Studies als neuer Ansatz emanzipatorischer und interdisziplinärer Forschung über Behinderung. (Materialien der AG SPAK M 187), Neu-Ulm: AG-SPAK, 253 S.

    Abstract

    "Disability Studies verstehen sich als interdisziplinär ausgerichtete Forschungsstrategie, die davon ausgeht, dass Behinderung kein spezifisches Wesensmerkmal von Behinderten ist, sondern gesellschaftlich konstruiert wird. Demnach ist Behinderung kein individuelles Problem, sondern das Produkt gesellschaftlicher Bedingungen und Verhältnisse, die Menschen mit unterschiedlichen Beeinträchtigungen bei der sozialen Teilhabe an allen gesellschaftlichen Lebensbereichen behindern. Im Sinne der Disability Studies sind Menschen mit Behinderungen nach dem Motto 'Nichts über uns - ohne uns' als Subjekte und als Expert/inn/en ihrer eigenen Situation aktiv in Politik und Forschung mit einzubeziehen.
    Um die Belange behinderter Menschen und die Sichtweisen der Betroffenen angemessen aufgreifen zu können, sind die Disability Studies auf einen intensiven Austausch zwischen Forschung, Politik und Praxis angewiesen. Hierzu versammelt dieser Band Beiträge von Autor/inn/en mit unterschiedlichen disziplinären und biografischen Hintergründen, die aus ihrer jeweiligen Perspektive die Disability Studies vorstellen, das Spannungsfeld zwischen der politischen Behindertenbewegung und diesem Forschungsansatz beleuchten und zeigen, auf welche Weise dieser in den verschiedenen Fachdisziplinen und Lebensbereichen umgesetzt wird." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Disability, work, and welfare: challenging the social exclusion of disabled people (2005)

    Barnes, Colin; Mercer, Geof;

    Zitatform

    Barnes, Colin & Geof Mercer (2005): Disability, work, and welfare. Challenging the social exclusion of disabled people. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 19, H. 3, S. 527-545. DOI:10.1177/0950017005055669

    Abstract

    "This article engages with debates relating to social policy and disabled people's exclusion from the British labour market. Drawing on recent developments from within the disabled people's movement, in particular, the concept of independent living and the social model of disability, and the associated disability studies literature, a critical evaluation of orthodox sociological theories of work, unemployment, and under-employment in relation to disabled people's exclusion from the workplace is provided. It is argued that hitherto, analyses of work and disability have failed to address in sufficient depth or breadth the various social and environmental barriers that confront disabled people. It is suggested therefore that a reconfiguration of the meaning of work for disabled people - drawing on and commensurate with disabled people's perspectives as expressed by the philosophy of independent living - and a social model analysis of their oppression is needed and long overdue." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    A valued part of the workforce?: final report of the sequal project on employment and disabled people (2005)

    Watson, Debby; Williams, Val; Wickham, Claire;

    Zitatform

    Watson, Debby, Val Williams & Claire Wickham (2005): A valued part of the workforce? Final report of the sequal project on employment and disabled people. Guildford, 181 S.

    Abstract

    Zwischen 8,6 und 11 Millionen Menschen mit Behinderungen leben in Großbritannen, und rund die Hälfte von ihnen ist erwerbstätig. Die Studie gibt einen Überblick über Diskriminierung und Beschäftigungsbarrieren für Menschen mit Behinderungen sowie über beschäftigungspolitische Initiativen zur Beschäftigungsförderung Behinderter. Regionale Initiativen in Südwest-England werden vorgestellt, und es wird herausgearbeitet, welche Merkmale erfolgreiche Initiativen auszeichnen. Menschen mit Lernbeeinträchtigung und Hörbehinderung arbeiteten bei dem Projekt mit. Barrieren für Erwerbstätigkeit liegen vor allem in negativen Einstellungen gegenüber Behinderungen im Bildungs- und Beschäftigungssystem und in den geringen Anreizen des Sozialsystems. Thematisiert werden nicht nur die Schwierigkeiten des beruflichen Einstiegs, sondern auch des beruflichen Aufstiegs und der Qualität der Arbeit. Speziell für Lern- und Hörbehinderte sind Isolation am Arbeitsplatz und geringe Aufstiegschancen ein Problem. Ein Kapitel ist der Situation behinderter Studenten und Hochschulabsolventen gewidmet. Sowohl auf der Arbeitgeberseite als auch auf Seiten der behinderten Arbeitssuchenden wird ein Mangel an Informationen festgestellt. Positiv wird vermerkt, dass insbesondere Menschen mit Lernbeeinträchtigungen zunehmend Möglichkeiten zu Teilzeitarbeit und flexiblen Arbeitszeiten wahrnehmen. Beschäftigungspolitische, personalpolitische und individuelle Beispiele illustrieren, dass es für Menschen mit Behinderungen möglich ist, qualitativ hochwertige Arbeit zu leisten. Empfohlen wird eine realistische Einschätzung der Möglichkeiten und Bedürfnisse der Beschäftigung und die Förderung positiver Leitbilder bei allen Beteiligten. (IAB)

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