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Harbisch, Amelie (2024): Children or productive adults? Infantilisation and exploitation of refugees in Germany and Austria. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 50, H. 6, S. 1590-1608. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2023.2166908

Abstract

"The persisting poor labor market integration of refugees and asylum seekers is puzzling, especially given host states' declared desirability of refugees and asylum seekers being employed. Existing research on the determinants of refugees' lack of labor market integration has analyzed possible factors such as refugee health and education as well as host countries' policies and discrimination. Based on original ethnographic data generated in Berlin and Vienna in 2019, I argue that the poor labor market integration can be better understood when we consider colliding perceptions, called scripts, of refugees and asylum seekers: At the same time that they are constructed as potentially useful labor, they are also constructed as helpless children who can never quite be ready for the labor market. I present each script's ascriptions and prescriptions towards refugees and asylum seekers, show how these are enacted by the people subjected to them and analyse how disruptions occur when there are simultaneous, contradictory demands. Policy implications are that the host society's perceptions do matter and that integration measures must be reviewed with regard to their potentially infantilising tendencies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Aigner, Petra & Almina Bešić (2023): Left to Their Own Devices: Refugees’ Labour-Market Integration Challenges in Austria during the Covid-19 Pandemic. In: M.-L. Jakobson, R. King, L. Moroşanu & R. Vetik (Hrsg.) (2023): Anxieties of Migration and Integration in Turbulent Times, S. 77-93. DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-23996-0_5

Abstract

"Labour-market integration is understood as an important pillar in the successful integration processes of refugees into host societies. In the European Union at large and in Austria specifically, refugee integration processes regarding societies and the labour market have become hotly debated topics in public and scholarly debates. Focusing on Austria, this chapter analyses challenges and barriers to labour-market integration of refugees in crisis and beyond. Results from interviews with refugees indicate three areas of the pandemic’s impact: on employment search processes of refugees; the effect of digitalisation of communication; and increased feelings of disorientation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Jestl, Stefan & Maryna Tverdostup (2023): The Labor Market Entry and Integration of Refugees and Other Migrants in Austria. (WIIW working paper 231), Wien, 45 S.

Abstract

"This paper analyzes the labor market entry of refugees and other (non-humanitarian) migrants originating from middle- and low-income non-European countries that arrived in Austria in 2014-2016. Specifically, we analyze factors that shaped the transition to and out of the first job in the Austrian labour market, document the characteristics of the first job and explore job stability in Austria. Even though refugees took longer to find a job, individual and household characteristics, as well as labor market indicators, are associated with the time between arrival and the first job in Austria, similar to other migrants. Refugees and other migrants also found similar job types as their entry jobs, which tended to be located in low-wage segments. The results, however, suggest that other migrants held their first job, on average, for a longer time than refugees. Although other migrants quit their first job relatively quickly when it was marginal employment, refugees tended to hold marginal jobs as long as full-time and part-time jobs. Finally, our results suggest that entry jobs with a higher quality in terms of working hours and wages (i.e. full-time jobs) tended to be linked with job stability, while entry jobs with a lower quality (i.e. marginal jobs) tended to be associated with job instability for both refugees and other migrants. The results of the paper showcase the importance of immediate access to various training and re-education programs for refugees to improve the quality of their entry jobs and their long-term prospects in the Austrian labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Jestl, Stefan, Michael Landesmann, Sebastian Leitner, Sandra M. Leitner, Isilda Mara & Maryna Tverdostup (2023): wiiw Studies on the Integration of Middle Eastern Refugees in Austria, Based on FIMAS Surveys and Register-based Labour Market Career Data. (WIIW policy notes and reports 74), Wien, 48 S.

Abstract

"This Policy Note reports on the analyzes undertaken in a number of wiiw Working Papers that are the output of two projects financed by the Anniversary Fund of the Austrian National Bank (Project no. 18474 and no. 17166). Four of the papers are based on survey data from the FIMAS dataset, which has been compiled over the years by the International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD), together with wiiw, and which document the experiences of recent waves of refugees from Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq and Syria. The topics covered in these four papers are as follows. First, an analysis of the pattern of occupational status loss (or gain) that refugees experience in the course of the move from their home countries to the destination country (Austria), focusing on the move from the jobs they had prior to the move, to their first job in Austria and then to their second or current job. Second, an examination of the effectiveness of two of the labor market integration programs offered by the Austrian public employment service (AMS) the Competence Check and the Voluntary Integration Year program. Third, an investigation into the interrelationships between aspects of the 'social integration' and the 'labor market integration' of refugees. Fourth, an analysis of the factors determining (or related to) the mental health problems that this wave of refugees has had to cope with. A fifth paper is based on the register-based labor market career data provided by Statistics Austria it examines a number of issues (job entry, job quality, job stability) related to the trajectories of refugees' labor market experiences in Austria, compared to other non-European migrants from low- and medium-income countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Leitner, Sandra M. (2023): Occupational Trajectories Among Refugees in Austria: The Role of Co-ethnic and Austrian Social Networks in Job Search. (WIIW working paper 232), Wien, 44 S.

Abstract

"This paper analyses occupational trajectories of refugees from their last job in the home country to their first and current jobs in Austria and the role of co-ethnic and Austrian social networks in job search, using data from a large-scale survey of recognized refugees from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq and Iran who have predominantly come to Austria since 2010, thereby covering the strong refugee wave of 2015 2016. The results corroborate a U-shaped pattern, with a sharp initial occupational loss followed by a rather moderate occupational recovery. Although native social networks play no role for occupational changes, co-ethnic social networks – particularly when used as a stand-alone job search strategy – prove detrimental along the entire trajectory. However, co-ethnic social networks are beneficial if used in combination with the Austrian labor market service or NGOs. Some refugees prove particularly vulnerable, such as older refugees or highly educated refugees who undergo more pronounced initial occupational downgrading, with subsequent occupational upgrading either limited or absent." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Mara, Isilda (2023): Labour Market Integration Programmes for Refugees in Austria: Do they Really Work and for Whom? (WIIW working paper 234), Wien, 49 S.

Abstract

"In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of the participation of refugees in integration programs intended to help them gain employment. The specific programmes considered are the Competence Check program and the Integration Year program that were introduced in Austria around the time of the 2015 crisis, when refugees poured from the Middle East into the EU. The study is based on the fourth and fifth waves of a survey (FIMAS) of refugees from Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran and Syria in Austria, and it uses matching models to evaluate the effects on employment of participation in those two programs. More specifically, it applies multivariate matching methods that ensure better balancing properties between the control and the treated groups. We find especially positive effects of the programs on the employability of women, the poorly educated, younger and older age cohorts. These programs thus seem to work specifically for those that find themselves in a more vulnerable labor market situation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Manahl, Caroline (2022): Die Bedeutung des lokalen Kontexts für die soziale Teilhabe geflüchteter Frauen. Ländliche Räume als Potenzial? In: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Jg. 47, H. 2, S. 133-154. DOI:10.1007/s11614-022-00478-z

Abstract

"In rezenten Forschungsarbeiten zu Zuwanderung in ländlichen Räumen wird ruralen Gebieten ein hohes Potenzial für Eingliederungsprozesse zugeschrieben. Besonders der Aufbau sozialer Beziehungen soll Zugewanderten in solchen Gebieten leichter gelingen und wiederum für andere Bereiche von Integration förderlich sein (z. B. für die Suche nach Wohnraum bzw. nach einer Beschäftigung). Dieser Beitrag überprüft, ob sich solche positiven Effekte ländlicher Gebiete im Vergleich zu städtischen Räumen am Beispiel geflüchteter Frauen in Vorarlberg nachweisen lassen. Dazu wird eine bi- und multivariate Analyse von Befragungsdaten durchgeführt, die in der praktischen Integrationsarbeit in Vorarlberg erhoben wurden. Dabei zeigt sich, dass geflüchtete Frauen, die in ruralen Kontexten wohnen, seltener am Erwerbsleben und an sozialen Beziehungen in ihrem lokalen Umfeld teilhaben als geflüchtete Frauen im städtischen Raum. Zudem wird ersichtlich, dass Nachbarschaften, ehrenamtliche Helfer*innen und lokale Austausch- und Begegnungsangebote wichtige Gelegenheitsstrukturen für geflüchtete Frauen sind, um Kontakte aufzubauen. Nachbarschaften in städtischen Gebieten scheinen hierfür allerdings bessere Rahmenbedingungen zu bieten als Nachbarschaften im ländlichen Raum und auch der Zugang zu Begegnungsangeboten scheint geflüchteten Frauen in der Stadt eher zu gelingen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag)

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Thoma, Nadja & Phil C. Langer (2022): Educational Transitions in War and Refugee Contexts: Youth Biographies in Afghanistan and Austria. In: Social Inclusion, Jg. 10, H. 2, S. 302-312. DOI:10.17645/si.v10i2.5156

Abstract

"This article addresses educational transitions under conditions of multiple insecurities. By analyzing empirical data of two research projects with youths in Afghanistan and refugee students in Austria, we show how young peoplemake sense of the social and educational inequalities they encounter on their educational pathways within different national, socio‐political, and institutional contexts. We present in‐depth analyses of two cases to elaborate how young people in different parts of the world conceive of their futures when basic security needs are not met, and how they make sense of the social and educational inequalities they face during their transition processes. After living through repeatedly fractured perspectives, young people have to make sense of their biographical experiences and continuously (re)design their plans while facing uncertain futures. In the Afghan Youth Project, we reconstructed a collective—and morally charged—biographical orientation of future plans. This orientation can also be understood as a critical response to persistent fragility and inequality and suggests an imagined generational hold and sense of belonging. In the Austrian project Translating Wor(l)ds, we reconstructed continuing experiences of educational exclusion, marginalization, and devaluation in different migration societies throughout refugee routes. Educational transitions, which can be challenging for all young people, take on special relevance under these conditions. Combining biographical and socio‐psychological research perspectives allows us to reconstruct educational processes as cumulative, non‐linear processes and to reveal the ambiguities, contradictions, and ruptures woven into them, as well as the subjects' constructions of sense and agency." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ludolph, Lars (2021): The Value of Formal Host-Country Education for the Labour Market Position of Refugees: Evidence from Austria. (CESifo working paper 9241), München, 65 S.

Abstract

"Refugees hosted across the developed world often work in low-quality jobs, regardless of education previously attained in their country of origin. In this paper, I analyse the long-term value of formal host-country education for refugees using the example of forcefully displaced Bosnians who arrived in Austria during the 1992-1995 Bosnian war. Deploying 22 years of Austrian microcensus data, I exploit the age at the time of forced migration as an instrument for the probability of receiving host-country instead of origin country education to recover local average treatment effects of education attained in Austria vis-à-vis Bosnia on labour market outcomes for refugees aged around schooling thresholds. These estimates show that attaining a formal degree in the host-country significantly reduces the probability of work below educational attainment and low-skill employment over the entire observation period. Income differences between Austrian and Bosnian degree holders are visible after more than two decades of stay in Austria. The discount on Bosnian education declines over time for men but not for women, suggesting that host-country degrees are particularly important to groups that faced cultural barriers to quality employment in their country of origin." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Reder, Martina (2021): Geflüchtete Menschen zwischen Bleibestatus und Arbeitsmarktintegration. In: WISO, Jg. 44, H. 1, S. 11-31.

Abstract

"Der Beitrag beleuchtet die Situation von geflüchteten Menschen, die im Zuge der sogenannten „Flüchtlingswelle 2015“ nach Österreich gekommen sind und einen Asylantrag gestellt haben. Anhand von Expert*innenaussagen und Literaturbefunden werden einige zentrale Herausforderungen in den Themenfeldern Aufenthaltsstatus, Wohnraum, Sprache, Gesundheit, Bildung und Arbeitsmarkt aufgezeigt und am Ende des Beitrags der Blick auf mögliche Ansatzpunkte hin zu einer gleichwürdigen Integration von geflüchteten Menschen gerichtet." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © ISW-Linz)

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Baumgartner, Paul, Meike Palinkas & Valentin Daur (2020): Prozesse der Arbeitsmarktintegration von Flüchtlingen und subsidiär Schutzberechtigten in Österreich. Forschungsbericht der dritten Welle des FIMAS-Flüchtlingssurveys: FIMAS+INTEGRATION 2. (AMS-Arbeitsmarktstrukturbericht), Wien, 79 S.

Abstract

"Aufgrund der überragenden Bedeutung der Arbeitsmarktteilnahme für den Integrationsprozess stand die Arbeitsmarktintegration schon bei den vorangegangenen FIMAS-Erhebungen (FIMAS; FIMAS+INTEGRATION; FIMAS+INTEGRATION 2) im Vordergrund; sie steht auch im Zentrum dieser Studie. In der Literatur gilt Erwerbsarbeit als Grundpfeiler ganzheitlicher Integration, die neben finanzieller Selbstständigkeit auch soziale Kontakte zur Aufnahmegesellschaft, Spracherwerb und gesellschaftliche Anerkennung fördert (...). Allerdings erfolgt aufgrund der vergleichsweise schlechten Startvoraussetzungen einer Fluchtbiografie (...) der Einstieg in die Erwerbstätigkeit bei Geflüchteten durchschnittlich langsamer und schwerer als bei anderen Zuwanderungsgruppen. Generell können zum einen Faktoren wie Alter, Geschlecht, Bildung und Ausbildung, Gesundheit oder Betreuungspflichten eine grundlegende Rolle im Prozess der Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt des Aufnahmelandes spielen. Zum anderen sind auch Berufserfahrung vor der Einreise, unterschiedliche Sprachkenntnisse und Kategorien des Aufenthaltsstatus Merkmale, die die Perspektiven und somit auch Dimension der Partizipation am Arbeitsmarkt maßgeblich beeinflussen. Prinzipiell gilt, dass bei längerer Dauer des Aufenthaltes im Aufnahmeland die sozio-ökonomische Integration von Geflüchteten zunimmt." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Fossati, Flavia & Fabienne Liechti (2020): Integrating refugees through active labour market policy: A comparative survey experiment. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 30, H. 5, S. 601-615. DOI:10.1177/0958928720951112

Abstract

"In the wake of the recent increase in the inflows of refugees to Europe, governments have made considerable investments in public policies aimed at facilitating the labour market integration of refugees. Despite these efforts, the labour market participation of refugees remains low. This situation raises the question of whether employers actually appreciate these public policies and whether refugees’ participation in specific active labour market policies (ALMPs), such as work practice or wage subsidies, increases their likelihood of being hired. In this article, we take a novel approach and combine employers’ evaluations of specific ALMPs with their attitudes towards refugees. We argue that these labour market policies can only be successful when employers hold positive attitudes towards refugees in the first place. We investigate this question by means of a factorial survey experiment with employers in Austria, Germany and Sweden. Our results show that, indeed, employers’ evaluations of fictional refugee candidates who participated in ALMPs are influenced by their attitudes towards this group. Participation in these policy measures is regarded positively only by those employers who already hold positive attitudes towards refugees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Landesmann, Michael & Sandra M. Leitner (2020): Refugees' Integration into the Austrian Labour Market: Dynamics of Occupational Mobility and Job-Skills Mismatch. (WIIW working paper 188), Wien, 36 S.

Abstract

"This paper analyses the employment experiences of the recent wave of Middle Eastern refugees (from Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan and Iran) in the Austrian job market. The emphasis in this research was to investigate whether refugees experienced an initial (sharp) downgrade in their occupational status when they accepted their first employment, compared with the occupation they had in their home country, and then whether (and to what extent) such a downgrade had been followed by an upgrade in the jobs they currently hold. This U-shaped pattern of occupational trajectories is familiar in the migration literature, and it is here tested using data from two survey waves of recent refugees in the Austrian labour market. The paper also analyses, in its second part, subjective assessments of refugees as to whether they feel that they are 'over-' or 'under-' qualified (regarding their previous educational attainment levels and work experiences) for the jobs in which they are currently employed. In both exercises, we report results regarding the heterogeneity across groups of refugees by age, gender, the specific occupations they held in their home country, their educational attainment levels, their country of origin, and whether they obtained refugee status as first-time asylum applicants or through family reunion. We also refer, in the section on 'job-skills' (mis)match, to further factors such as the refugees' (mental) health state and the degree of their social integration with the host population." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ortlieb, Renate & Silvana Weiss (2020): Job quality of refugees in Austria: Trade-offs between multiple workplace characteristics. In: German Journal of Human Resource Management, Jg. 34, H. 4, S. 418-442. DOI:10.1177/2397002220914224

Abstract

"Do employers tend to exploit refugees or do they offer them high-quality jobs? This article examines the job quality of refugees from Afghanistan and Syria working in Austria. It uses unique survey data of 316 refugees and cluster analysis to identify job quality profiles. Drawing on well-established job quality frameworks, it considers multiple dimensions of job quality, including pay, job security, overqualification in terms of level and content area, learning opportunities, at-home feeling and health aspects. The findings reveal four job quality profiles with considerable trade-offs or compromises between job quality dimensions. Furthermore, the job quality profiles are associated with the methods refugees use to find a job. The study enhances understanding of labour market integration of refugees and the associated role of human resource management." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ortlieb, Renate, Petra Eggenhofer-Rehart, Sandra Leitner, Roland Hosner & Michael Landesmann (2020): Do Austrian Programmes Facilitate Labour Market Integration of Refugees? In: International Migration online erschienen am 21.10.2020, S. 1-24. DOI:10.1111/imig.12784

Abstract

"This study examines two programmes aimed at integrating refugees into the Austrian labour market: a short‐term Skills Assessment and a longer‐term Integration Year that includes an internship and training. The theoretical framework draws on the concepts of social field and forms of capital proposed by Pierre Bourdieu. Using data from a large‐scale refugee survey in early 2019, we find that Austria’s short‐term Skills Assessment fails to increase refugees’ employment chances. The Integration Year positively helps employment, but this outcome is limited to refugee women. We conclude that integration programmes only help if they provide refugees with both cultural and social capital. Implications for research and practice are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Bešić, Almina, Klára Fóti, Veronika Vasileva, Petra van Nierop, Elbereth Puts, Norma Rose, Irina Ulcica, Dóra Vajai & Regina Konle-Seidl (2019): Role of public services in integrating refugees and asylum seekers. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Luxembourg, 58 S. DOI:10.2806/595692

Abstract

"This study explores the role of public services in the social integration of refugees and asylum seekers. It focuses not only on employment, but also on aspects such as housing, social inclusion, health and education services. It examines a range of integration measures adopted in five EU Member States (Austria, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden) in an attempt to identify the main challenges and the lessons learnt. The countries selected vary in terms of the scale of the inflow, tradition of receiving refugees, labour market conditions, social assistance systems and presence of other migrant groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Jestl, Stefan, Michael Landesmann, Sebastian Leitner & Barbara Wanek-Zajic (2019): Employment Gaps Between Refugees, Migrants and Natives: Evidence from Austrian Register Based Labour Market Data. (WIIW working paper 167), Wien, 56 S.

Abstract

"This paper analyses labour market integration in Austria of non-European refugees originating from middle and low income countries for the period 2009-2018. We assess their probability of being employed in comparison to non-humanitarian migrants, European third country immigrants and natives. We draw on a register based panel dataset covering the complete labour market careers of all individuals residing in Austria. We control for macro level explanatory variables (e.g. the labour market situation at the time and the place of settlement) and individual characteristics. The analysis shows that initial refugee employment gaps are large in the first years when labour market access is difficult. After a period of seven years the unconditional gap between refugees and natives declines to 30 percentage points, similar to the one of non-humanitarian migrants, but the gap is still further decreasing. After controlling for a set of additional explanatory variables, the conditional gap amounts to only 10 percentage points at the same time. Moreover, our analysis provides insights into differences between employment gaps across population subgroups of immigrant groups and natives by gender, age and education level. Disclaimer Research for this paper was financed by the Anniversary Fund of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Project No. 17166). Support provided by Oesterreichische Nationalbank for this research is gratefully acknowledged." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kohlbacher, Josef & Maria Six-Hohenbalken (Hrsg.) (2019): Die lange Dauer der Flucht - Analysen aus Wissenschaft und Praxis. (ISR-Forschungsberichte 49), Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 347 S.

Abstract

Geflüchtete bestimmen in der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung seit der "refugee crisis" von 2015/16 die integrationsbezogenen Debatten in den meisten Staaten der EU, denn die Flüchtlingszuwanderung aus dem Nahen und Mittleren Osten sowie aus Nordafrika hat Europa vor neue Herausforderungen gestellt. Die Beantwortung der Frage, wie die gesellschaftliche Teilhabe der Geflüchteten zu realisieren ist und auf welche Weise die Integration langfristig gelingt, besitzt hohe gesellschaftspolitische Relevanz. Im vorliegenden Band werden strukturelle und soziale Bereiche der Integration sowie auch individuelle Orientierungen und Teilhabeperspektiven von Geflüchteten dargestellt. Die Analysen wurden teils von Wissenschaftler/inne/n teils von Praktiker/inne/n der Integrationsarbeit verfasst und beziehen sich einerseits auf Diskurse von Flucht und Mobilität und andererseits auf das Ankommen und die Partizipation in Österreich. Es werden Ergebnisse von empirischen Forschungsprojekten zu so vielfältigen Themen wie der Wohnungs- und Arbeitsmarktintegration, zur Bildungsstruktur, zu Wertvorstellungen und sozialen Netzwerken sowie zum individuellen Wohlbefinden präsentiert. Des Weiteren werden Praxisfelder der Hilfe mit dem Fokus auf dem ehrenamtlichen Engagement für und von Geflüchtete(n) berücksichtigt. Zwei Interviews mit Expert/inn/en über die lange Dauer der Flucht und Herausforderungen im Feld der Inklusion runden den Inhalt dieses vielfältigen Bandes ab.

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Landesmann, Michael & Sandra M. Leitner (2019): Various Domains of Integration of Refugees and their Interrelationships: A Study of Recent Refugee Inflows in Austria. (WIIW working paper 168), Wien, 72 S.

Abstract

"This paper addresses the complexity of, and the interrelationships between, two important aspects of integration of refugees in Austria, namely labour market integration and social integration. While labour market integration is captured in terms of being employed as compared to being unemployed or inactive, social integration distinguishes between social networks and their ethnic composition and social capital. It identifies the key determinants of each of these domains of integration and investigates the direction as well as the size of interdependencies among them. The analysis uses a unique dataset built on the basis of a survey of about 1,600 refugees from Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan and Iran who had come to Austria since 2010. The analysis establishes an important causal link between social integration and labour market integration (i.e. employment). Both social network effects with Austrians as well as with co-ethnics are important in this context but the former is more powerful than the latter. It shows that both education and length of stay are key determinants of successful labour market integration. Furthermore, tests regarding the relevance of language command for both social and labour market integration show the strong importance of speaking and understanding German, and much less so, of writing German. Disclaimer Research for this paper was financed by the Anniversary Fund of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Project No. 17166). Support provided by Oesterreichische Nationalbank for this research is gratefully acknowledged." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Schenner, Johanna K., Paola Cavanna & Natalia Ollus (2019): Asylum-seekers and the 'hyper-precarity trap' in Austria, Finland and Italy. In: Transfer, Jg. 25, H. 1, S. 81-99. DOI:10.1177/1024258918816938

Abstract

"Ausgehend von semi-strukturierten Interviews und Sekundärforschung trägt dieser Artikel zu einem differenzierteren Verständnis der Frage bei, wie Asylbewerber in Österreich, Finnland und Italien in die Falle der 'Hyperprekarität' gelangen können und wie vulnerabel sie im Vergleich zu anderen Arbeitnehmergruppen sind. Der erste Abschnitt des Artikels erläutert die unterschiedlichen Geschehnisse in Österreich, Finnland und Italien in Bezug auf die Aufnahme von Asylbewerbern, bevor er die jüngste Arbeitsmarktdynamik jedes dieser Länder beschreibt. Es folgt eine theoretische Diskussion über die verschiedenen Elemente der 'Hyperprekaritätsfalle', wie sie von Asylbewerbern erlebt werden. Zu diesen Elementen gehören Diskussionen über Prekarität, Vulnerabilität und Rechtsetzung. Im dritten Abschnitt wird erläutert, wie die Interviews und die Sekundärforschung durchgeführt und analysiert wurden. Der vierte und letzte Abschnitt des Artikels stellt die Ergebnisse und ihre Bedeutung vor." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Verwiebe, Roland, Bernhard Kittel, Fanny Dellinger, Christina Liebhart, David Schiestl, Raimund Haindorfer & Bernd Liedl (2019): Finding your way into employment against all odds? Successful job search of refugees in Austria. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 45, H. 9, S. 1401-1418. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2018.1552826

Abstract

"Labour market entry poses enormous challenges for recently arrived refugees, ranging from language barriers, devaluation of human capital, unfamiliarity with customs of the job search process to outright discrimination. How can refugees overcome these challenges and quickly enter gainful employment? In this paper, we draw on interviews with 26 male and female refugees from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq and Iran, conducted in 2017 and 2018, who came to Austria in 2015 and 2014 and who have successfully entered employment. We depict refugees' own perspectives on and strategies for fast job entry and integration. Personal agency and a proactive approach of seeking and seizing opportunities are key for overcoming initial barriers and entering upon positive integration pathways. At the same time, refugees' personal agency is essential for establishing social ties to the host society, which also play a crucial role in early labour market integration. Finally, institutions of the Austrian labour market (the 'apprenticeship'-system) interact with refugees' agency in most intricate ways, both setting up nearly insurmountable barriers but also providing specific opportunities for refugees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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OECD (2019): How do OECD countries compare in their attractiveness for talented migrants? (Migration policy debates 19), Paris, 8 S.

Abstract

"Talented and skilled individuals have a key role to play in countries' future prosperity. They hold jobs that are key for innovation and technological progress and ultimately contribute to stronger economic growth with other employment opportunities and better living conditions for all. OECD countries increasingly compete to attract and retain talented workers notably by adopting more favourable migration policies for the best and the brightest. This competition has led to a convergence of policy frameworks but significant differences in policies and practices remain. Beyond conditions for migration, many other factors contribute to shape countries' attractiveness for foreign talent.
This issue of Migration Policy Debates presents the results of the first edition of the OECD Indicators of Talent Attractiveness, developed by the OECD with support from the Bertelsmann Stiftung. The OECD Indicators of Talent Attractiveness (ITA) measure for the first time the relative attractiveness of countries from a multidimensional perspective focusing on three types of talented migrants: highly skilled workers at master/PhD level, international students in tertiary education and foreign entrepreneurs. This aims at better understanding and comparing strengths and weaknesses of different OECD countries and can help elaborating public policies that are more effective." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hosner, Daniela, Doris Schmoller & Eva Heckl (2018): Early Intervention. Strategien und Maßnahmen in Deutschland - Lessons learnt für Österreich. (AMS report 128), Wien, 65 S.

Abstract

"Die diesem AMS report zugrundeliegende Studie, die mit Jahresbeginn 2018 von der KMU Forschung Austria im Auftrag der Abt. Arbeitsmarktforschung und Berufsinformation des AMS Österreich abgeschlossen wurde, zielt darauf ab, einen Überblick über Early-Intervention- Strategien und Early-Intervention-Ansätze sowie entsprechende Maßnahmen in Deutschland zu präsentieren, die Situation in Österreich kurz zu skizzieren und Schlussfolgerungen im Hinblick auf die Gestaltung solcher Early-Intervention-Maßnahmen hierzulande zu ziehen. Im Rahmen der Studie wurden ausschließlich qualitative Methoden der Sozialforschung angewandt. Kernelemente waren dabei eine umfassende Internet-Recherche bzw. eine Dokumenten- und Literaturanalyse sowie ExpertInneninterviews (17 Interviews). In Deutschland wurden die Interviews mit Fachkräften der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) bzw. von Länderagenturen (Bayern, Niedersachsen-Bremen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Sachsen-Anhalt-Thüringen) geführt, in Österreich mit ExpertInnen der Bundesgeschäftsstelle und der Landesgeschäftsstellen des Arbeitsmarktservice (AMS) sowie der Sozialpartnerorganisationen. Die ExpertInnenmeinungen im Rahmen der Interviews wurden dabei als Grundlage für die Maßnahmenauswahl im Sinne von Early Intervention herangezogen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Kanduth, Anna (2018): Arbeitsmarktintegration von Flüchtlingen in Österreich. Eine empirische Analyse. In: WISO, Jg. 41, H. 2, S. 61-80.

Abstract

"Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht mittels Paneldaten des Hauptverbandes der österreichischen Sozialversicherungsträger die Effekte demografischer Merkmale und wirtschaftspolitisch beeinflussbarer Größen auf die Beschäftigung und Arbeitslosigkeit asylberechtigter Personen. Die Ergebnisse der Pooled OLS und Fixed Effects Schätzungen zeigen, dass eine Beschäftigung während des Asylverfahrens und eine Verkürzung des Asylverfahrens bei gleichbleibender Aufenthaltsdauer positive Auswirkungen auf die Arbeitsmarktintegration haben. Frühzeitige Schulungen, die vor allem für gering qualifizierte Flüchtlinge vorgesehen sind, verringern die Anzahl der Tage in einer Beschäftigung und erhöhen die Arbeitslosigkeit. Im Laufe des Integrationsprozesses holen die Schulungsteilnehmer/innen jedoch auf." (Autorenreferat, © ISW-Linz)

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Konle-Seidl, Regina (2018): Integration of refugees in Austria, Germany and Sweden. Comparative analysis. Brüssel, 60 S.

Abstract

"This note presents a comparative analysis of policies and practices to facilitate the labour market integration of beneficiaries of international protection in the main destination countries of asylum seekers in 2015/2016, namely Austria, Germany and Sweden. It focuses on the development of policy strategies to adapt the asylum and integration system to the high numbers of new arrivals. Special attention is given to the political discourse and public opinion on asylum and integration of refugees. Innovative approaches with respect to labour market integration are highlighted as well as gaps. Finally, the study includes lessons learned from recent policy developments as well as policy recommendations in order to improve labour market integration of asylum seekers and refugees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Pallmann, Ildikó, Matthias Knuth, Franka Kretschmer, Alena Babeyeva, Miguel Montero Lange, Vivien Hellwig, Majra Nissen, Hannah Poppenwimmer, Hilke Oltmanns, Hanna Hiltner, Janine Ziegler, Schahrzad Farrokhzad & Czarina Wilpert (2018): Spezifische Herausforderungen der Arbeitsmarktintegration geflüchteter Frauen. (Profile der Neueinwanderung 2018), Berlin: Mensch und Buch Verlag, 176 S.

Abstract

"Bei der vierten Publikation der Reihe "Profile der Neueinwanderung" handelt es sich um eine erweiterte und überarbeitete Neuauflage der Ausgabe 2017. Sie gibt interessante Einblicke in die praktische Arbeit mit geflüchteten Frauen in Deutschland und Österreich. Basierend auf ihren Erfahrungen und Erkenntnissen analysieren fünf Projekte, die sich mit ihrem Angebot spezifisch an geflüchtete Frauen richten, unter welchen Bedingungen eine gleichberechtigte Teilhabe geflüchteter Frauen am Arbeitsmarkt gelingen kann, beziehungsweise, was ihrer Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt bisher entgegensteht." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
Inhalt:
Pallmann, Ildiko: Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt - Spezifische Herausforderungen für geflüchtete Frauen
Poppenwimmer, Hannah: Kompetenzcheck: Arbeitsmarktmigration von Frauen mit Fluchterfahrung in Österreich
Babeyeva, Alena; Hellwig, Vivien; Hiltner, Hanna; Kretschmer, Franka; Nissen, Majra; Oltmanns, Hilke: Arbeitsmarktintegration geflüchteter Frauen im Rahmen des Förderprogramms IQ
Farrokhazad, Schahrzad: Teilhabe geflüchteter Frauen am Arbeitsmarkt - Ausgangslage, Hürden, Handlungsstrategien
Knuth, Matthias: Auf alten Wegen zu neuen Zielgruppen - und wie Geflüchtete Frauen dabei verpasst werden
Montero Lange, Miguel; Ziegler, Janine: Die Arbeitsmarktintegration geflüchteter Frauen: Zahlen, Fakten und internationale Erfahrungen
Wilpert, Czarina: Wege zur sozialen und ökonomischen Teilhabe.

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Rosenberger, Sieglinde & Sabine Koppers (2018): Claiming control: Cooperation with return as a condition for social benefits in Austria and the Netherlands. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 6, S. 1-18. DOI:10.1186/s40878-018-0085-3

Abstract

"Theoretically embedded in the migration/social policy nexus, this paper investigates cooperation with return (CWR) as a policy tool to remove practical deportation barriers for third-country nationals pending removal. Based on legal and policy documents and expert interviews with stakeholders in Austria and the Netherlands, the paper asks how CWR is implemented and what influence it has, both on migration control aims and on access to social rights. We argue that the politicization of the issue and diverging interests between policy networks of welfare and migration affect the regulation and implementation of the tool. By comparing the use of CWR within two country contexts, the analysis presented here adds valuable insights on features of governmental instruments in response to the 'deportation gap'. The paper further adds to the literature on sanction-oriented, personalized migration policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

"Die Integration von Migranten geschieht dort, wo die Menschen sind: an ihren Arbeitsplätzen, in ihrer Nachbarschaft oder in Schulen. 'Working Together for Local Integration of Migrants and Refugees' beschreibt, wie lokale und übergeordnete Behörden sowie Regierungs- und Nichtregierungsakteure zusammenarbeiten müssen, damit Integration gelingt. Der OECD-Bericht stützt sich dabei auf quantitative und qualitative Daten aus 72 Städten, darunter neun große europäische Städte (Amsterdam, Athen, Barcelona, Berlin, Glasgow, Göteborg, Paris, Rom und Wien) und die nordrhein-westfälische Kleinstadt Altena, zu denen tiefergehende Einzelfallstudien erstellt wurden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Borjas, George J. & Joan Monras (2017): The labour market consequences of refugee supply shocks. In: Economic policy, Jg. 32, H. 91, S. 361-413. DOI:10.1093/epolic/eix007

Abstract

"The continuing inflow of hundreds of thousands of refugees into many European countries has ignited much political controversy and raised questions that require a fuller understanding of the determinants and consequences of refugee supply shocks. This paper revisits four historical refugee shocks to document their labour market impact. Specifically, we examine: The influx of Marielitos into Miami in 1980; the influx of French repatriates and Algerian nationals into France at the end of the Algerian Independence War in 1962; the influx of Jewish émigrés into Israel after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s; and the exodus of refugees from the former Yugoslavia during the long series of Balkan wars between 1991 and 2001. We use a common empirical approach, derived from factor demand theory, and publicly available data to measure the impact of these shocks. Despite the differences in the political forces that motivated the various flows, and in economic conditions across receiving countries, the evidence reveals a common thread that confirms key insights of the canonical model of a competitive labour market: Exogenous supply shocks adversely affect the labour market opportunities of competing natives in the receiving countries, and often have a favorable impact on complementary workers. In short, refugee flows can have large distributional consequences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Dahlvik, Julia (2017): Asylum as construction work: Theorizing administrative practices. In: Migration studies, Jg. 5, H. 3, S. 369-388. DOI:10.1093/migration/mnx043

Abstract

"This paper understands the administration of asylum as a vital element of the current migration regime in Europe, and investigates the migration regime 'at work' through an ethnographic case study of street-level bureaucracy. With a focus on the understudied role of social construction in the asylum procedure, I argue that the social practices of decision-making officials in determining refugee status go beyond labelling and categorization, and include the construction of facts, artefacts and (in)credibility. The argument is based on a qualitative investigation of the former Austrian Federal Asylum Office, including interviews with government officials in different positions, participant observation of asylum hearings and office life, and the analysis of documents, particularly records. While previous empirical studies of the asylum procedure tend to lack a broader theoretical embedding of their findings, this paper seeks to link empirical evidence to post-constructivist and structuration theories. Drawing on this theoretical background to explain and frame the observed practices of the asylum administration, I analyse how the diverse construction processes can be understood as a key characteristic of the present migration regime. Consequently, I argue that the perspective of structure and agency not only emphasizes the interdependence of the different levels of action but also highlights the contingency and volatility of the regime 'at work,' as it is necessarily reproduced and reinvented by bureaucrats in the process of determining refugee status. I conclude by pointing out that the structures of the migration regime might not be as entrenched as they seem at first glance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Pfeffer, Thomas (2017): Bundling measures to an 'integration year'. Peer country comments paper - Austria. Brüssel, 17 S.

Abstract

"- Similar to Germany, Austria is among the countries with the highest inflows of asylum seekers 2015-17 (in relative terms).
- Similar to Germany, Austria has federal states, which play an important role in (labour market) integration. The way in which they execute this role seems to differ.
- The Austrian labour market seems to be more restrictive towards asylum seekers than the German one.
- While Austria has more (three) federal agencies responsible for the integration of refugees than Germany (two), the responsibility of labour market integration seems to be clearer than in Germany. On the federal level, it is only the public employment service AMS.
- Due to the clear responsibility of the AMS for labour market integration, the competence clearance via the Competence Check, and the bundling of measures in the Integration Year, labour market integration seems to be more synchronised in Austria than in Germany." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Barslund, Mikkel, Matthias Busse, Karolien Lenaerts, Lars Ludolph & Vilde Renman (2016): Labour market integration of refugees. A comparative survey of Bosnians in five EU countries. (CEPS special report 155), Brüssel, 27 S.

Abstract

"This study traces the integration experience of Bosnian refugees from the Balkan wars with the aim of drawing lessons for the current wave of refugees entering Europe. Integration is a slow-moving process. Looking closely at Bosnian refugees enables us to see past immediate integration outcomes and take a longer-term view. Another consideration in the design of this study is that there is significant overlap among the countries affected by the two refugee crises. Austria, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden all saw a large absolute and relative influx of refugees in both 2015 and in the years between 1992 and 1995, when the largest share of Bosnians arrived in Western Europe. The study carries out an in-depth examination of their labour market integration in those five countries.
This research was funded by the Mercator Foundation in the context of the MEDAM Project (Mercator Dialogue on Asylum and Migration)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Biffl, Gudrun (2016): Chancen und Risiken der Flüchtlingszuwanderung für die Wirtschaft. In: Wiso. Wirtschafts- und sozialpolitische Zeitschrift des ISW, Jg. 39, H. 3, S. 107-122.

Abstract

"Den jüngsten Meinungsumfragen zufolge birgt die jüngste Flüchtlingszuwanderung die Gefahr einer Spaltung der Bevölkerung, wenn es nicht gelingen sollte, die Flüchtlinge so rasch wie möglich ins Erwerbsleben zu integrieren. Um dies zu bewerkstelligen, braucht es nicht nur Aus- und Weiterbildung für Flüchtlinge, sondern auch Infrastrukturmaßnahmen und ein gezieltes Schnittstellenmanagement, das Flüchtlinge und offene Stellen zusammenführt. Die damit verbundenen Ausgaben sind einer Investition gleichzusetzen, die langfristig Erträge in der Form von Steigerungen des Wirtschaftswachstums und der Wohlfahrt abwerfen können." (Autorenreferat, © ISW-Linz)

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Buber-Ennser, Isabella, Judith Kohlenberger, Bernhard Rengs, Zakarya Al Zalak, Anne Goujon, Erich Striessnig, Michaela Potancoková, Richard Gisser, Maria Rita Testa & Wolfgang Lutz (2016): Human capital, values, and attitudes of persons seeking refuge in Austria in 2015. In: PLoS one, Jg. 11, H. 9, S. 1-29. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0163481

Abstract

"Since its inception in 2010, the Arab Spring has evolved into a situation of violent conflict in many countries, leading to high levels of migration from the affected region. Given the social impact of the large number of individuals applying for asylum across Europe in 2015, it is important to study who these persons are in terms of their skills, motivations, and intentions. DiPAS (Displaced Persons in Austria Survey) aims to uncover the socio-demographic characteristics of the persons seeking refuge who arrived in Austria in 2015, mainly originating from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan. Particular focus is on human capital, attitudes and values. This survey, the first of its kind in Austria and possibly in Europe, was carried out among adult displaced persons, mostly residing in Vienna, yielding 514 completed interviews. Information gathered on spouses and children allows for the analysis of 972 persons living in Austria, and of further 419 partners and children abroad. Results indicate that the surveyed population comprised mainly young families with children, particularly those coming from Syria and Iraq. Their educational level is high compared with the average level in their country of origin. A vast majority of respondents are Muslims, rating their religiosity at medium levels. Judging from stated attitudes towards gender equity, interviewed men seem to have more liberal attitudes than their compatriots. The majority of respondents do not intend to return to their home countries, mostly because of the perception of permanent threat. DiPAS provides data for political decision-making and the on-going societal dialogue. Its findings can help to inform assessments about the integration potential of the displaced population into the host society. In addition, the applied methodological technique and experiences during the fieldwork provide valuable insights on sampling asylum seekers and refugees in the current European context." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Fóti, Klára & Andrea Fromm (2016): Approaches to the labour market integration of refugees and asylum seekers. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, 54 S. DOI:10.2806/18416

Abstract

"This report expands on existing research on the labour market integration of refugees and asylum seekers as a response to the refugee crisis. It updates information on legislation and practical arrangements in the first half of 2016, examines labour market integration in the broader context of receiving asylum seekers and supporting both them and refugees, and explores the role of the social partners. The study finds that the main countries affected made many efforts to provide faster and easier access to their labour markets for asylum seekers. In some, the social partners have been active in designing more effective labour market integration policies and have launched some promising initiatives. The sudden and large inflow of asylum seekers, however, posed many challenges, and it remains to be seen how those obstacles can be overcome." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Konle-Seidl, Regina (2016): Labour market integration of refugees. Strategies and good practices. Brüssel, 55 S.

Abstract

"This Policy Department A study provides the Employment and Social Affairs Committee with an analytical review of literature to identify key elements of a strategy for labour market integration of refugees. Strategies and policies are illustrated by examples and good practices from various Member States based upon evidence or expert assessment. The study finds a high degree of international consensus on key elements for a successful integration strategy taking up lessons from the past and research findings. However, a number of challenges for research and policy remain." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Konle-Seidl, Regina (2016): Arbeitsintegration von Flüchtlingen - Determinanten und Erfahrungen in europäischen Ländern. In: Wirtschaftspolitische Blätter, Jg. 63, H. 3, S. 607-621.

Abstract

"Der Beitrag geht auf wesentliche Determinanten der Arbeitsintegration von Fluchtmigranten ein, zeigt noch bestehende rechtliche Hürden des Arbeitsmarktzugangs auf und diskutiert arbeits-und integrationsfördernde Unterstützungsmaßnahmen vor dem Hintergrund der bisherigen Erfahrungen mit der Integration von Flüchtlingen in Europa." (Autorenreferat, © MANZ Verlag, Wien)
Der Beitrag ist eine gekürzte und aktualisierte Fassung einer Studie zur Arbeitsintegration von Flüchtlingen, die Frau Konle-Seidl für das Europäische Parlament verfasst hat.

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Krings, Torben (2016): Die betriebliche Integration von Flüchtlingen. Ergebnisse einer Unternehmensbefragung in Oberösterreich. In: Wiso. Wirtschafts- und sozialpolitische Zeitschrift des ISW, Jg. 39, H. 3, S. 123-134.

Abstract

"Die aktuelle Fluchtmigration stellt Österreich vor neue integrationspolitische Herausforderungen, nicht zuletzt auch im Hinblick auf den Arbeitsmarkt. Dieser Artikel untersucht, inwieweit bei oberösterreichischen Betrieben eine Bereitschaft zur Einstellung von Flüchtlingen besteht. Auf Grundlage einer schriftlichen Befragung in drei Branchen, dem Bau, dem Einzelhandel und der Gastronomie, wird gezeigt, dass viele Unternehmen der Einstellung von Flüchtlingen offen gegenüberstehen." (Autorenreferat, © ISW-Linz)

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Grieger, Nadine (2015): Anerkannte Flüchtlinge und subsidiär Schutzberechtigte am Arbeitsmarkt. Spezialthema zum Arbeitsmarkt, September 2015. Wien, 4 S.

Abstract

"Ende September 2015 waren 18.968 anerkannte Flüchtlinge und subsidiär Schutzberechtigte in Österreich beim Arbeitsmarktservice gemeldet. Das entspricht einer Zunahme von rund 50% gegenüber dem Vorjahresmonat und einem Anteil von 4,8% an allen beim Arbeitsmarktservice arbeitslos gemeldeten oder in Schulung befindlichen Personen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Corrigan, Owen (2014): Migrant deprivation, conditionality of legal status and the welfare state. In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 223-239. DOI:10.1177/0958928714525819

Abstract

"This article adds to our theoretical understanding of the determination of third-country national (TCN) migrant deprivation and poverty in western Europe. The stratifying effects of different types of legal status on migrant outcomes have been established in previous research. The conditionality that states attach to securing different types of legal status has heretofore been overlooked as an important explanatory factor, however. A measure of the conditionality attached to attaining the key social rights - granting status of long-term residency (LTR) is operationalized using cross-national policy data. Building on existing theory, we hypothesize that the negative impact of welfare generosity on TCN material deprivation is moderated by a state's level of LTR conditionality, such that deprivation will be greatest where conditionality is high and generosity is low. This hypothesis is tested using large-scale European microdata in the context of multilevel modelling. The empirical results are consistent with the central hypothesis. These findings have implications for policymakers and for extant accounts of migrant welfare, the welfare state and the factors implicated in the determination of poverty and deprivation in Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Scheiber, Gudrun (2007): Dequalifikation von anerkannten Flüchtlingen auf dem oberösterreichischen Arbeitsmarkt, mit einem Beispiel eines möglichen Lösungsweges anhand von Schweden. In: Wiso. Wirtschafts- und sozialpolitische Zeitschrift des ISW, Jg. 30, H. 2, S. 153-166.

Abstract

"Menschen mit migrantischem Hintergrund bringen oft genug berufliche Kompetenzen mit nach Österreich, die allerdings hier brachliegen. Anerkannte Flüchtlinge haben gegenüber anderen MigrantInnen den Vorteil, dass sie keine Arbeitserlaubnis und Ähnliches brauchen, um auf dem heimischen Arbeitsmarkt einer Beschäftigung nachgehen zu können. Dennoch sind auch sie von Dequalifizierung betroffen. Welche Ausbildungen und Berufe die Flüchtlinge mitbringen und in welchen beruflichen Positionen sie in Österreich eingesetzt werden, ob ihre Ausbildungen in Österreich anerkannt sind und ob sie sich auf dem österreichischen Arbeitsmarkt diskriminiert fühlen und nach weiteren Ursachen einer möglichen Dequalifizierung wurde in dieser Untersuchung gefragt. Auch wurden mögliche Lösungswege beschrieben und anhand eines Beispieles aus Schweden ein möglicher, gangbarer Weg zur Behebung der Probleme der Anerkennung von mitgebrachten Qualifikationen aufgezeigt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Franz, Barbara (2005): Uprooted and Unwanted. Bosnian refugees in Austria and the United States. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 208 S.

Abstract

"The tragedy of war does not end when the soldiers put down their guns. Among the after-effects, the dislocation and relocation of civilians often loom large. The aftermath of the Bosnian conflicts has left many refugees needing to establish new lives, often in radically different cultures. In "Uprooted and Unwanted", Barbara Franz offers a cogent look at how these refugees have fared in two representative cities - Vienna and New York.
Between 1991 and 2001, some 30,000 Bosnian refugees settled in Austria, and 120,000 found their way to the United States. Franz focuses on the strategies, skills, and informal networks used by Bosnian refugees, particularly women, to adapt to official policies and administrative practices in their host societies. Her analysis concludes that historically inaccurate ideas on how to deal with displaced persons have led to policies in both Europe and North America that have adversely affected those whose lives have been devastated by war." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Wollenschläger, Michael (Hrsg.) (2003): Asylum and integration in member states of the EU. Integration of recognized refugee families as defined by the Geneva Convention considering their status with the respect to the law of residence. Berlin: BWV, Berliner Wissenschafts-Verl., 407 S.

Abstract

Der Band ist in erster Linie an Juristen gerichtet. Er entstand im Rahmen der deutschen Sektion der 'Association for the Study of the World Refugee Problem' (AWR). Im ersten Teil werden die internationalen und die europäischen Normen zur Integration von Flüchtlingen vorgestellt. Danach untersucht der Autor die Integrationspolitik von Österreich, der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Italiens, der Niederlande und des Vereinigten Königreichs. Im letzten Abschnitt stellt er die Vorschläge der AWR zur Reform von Gesetzen und administrativen Verfahren im Zusammenhang mit der Integration von Flüchtlingen vor. Auch dieser Teil der Studie ist nach einzelnen Ländern geordnet und enthält sehr detaillierte Informationen beziehungsweise Vorschläge. (ZPol, Leske u. Budrich)

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Neumann, Ursula, Heike Niedrig, Joachim Schroeder & Louis Henri Seukwa (Hrsg.) (2002): Wie offen ist der Bildungsmarkt? Rechtliche und symbolische Ausgrenzungen junger afrikanischer Flüchtlinge im Bildungs-, Ausbildungs- und Beschäftigungssystem. (Bildung in Umbruchsgesellschaften 01), Münster: Waxmann, 168 S.

Abstract

"Dieses Buch ist eine Zusammenstellung der Beiträge eines Kolloquiums, das sich mit der Frage beschäftigte, in welcher Weise die Bildungssysteme der europäischen Aufnahmeländer mit jungen afrikanischen Flüchtlingen umgehen. Referentinnen und Referenten aus Großbritannien, den Niederlanden, Österreich und Deutschland diskutieren ihre Sicht der Probleme, Bedarfe und Projekterfahrungen in der Bildungsarbeit mit jungen Flüchtlingen im europäischen Kontext.
Es geht insbesondere darum, gegenwärtige Probleme der Bildungs- und Flüchtlingspolitik aus der jeweiligen Ländersicht zu skizzieren, Praxisbeispiele aus der Bildungsarbeit vorzustellen sowie Beiträge zur erziehungswissenschaftlichen Theoriebildung einzubringen.
Ausgrenzungsmechanismen im deutschen Schul- und Ausbildungssystem sowie im Arbeitsmarkt werden aufgezeigt und deren Auswirkungen auf die jungen Flüchtlinge beschrieben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)