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Apt, Wenke, Robert Peters, Gina Glock, Kerstin Goluchowicz, Stefan Krabel, Heike Strach, Kai Priesack & Marc Bovenschulte (2019): QuaTOQ - Qualität der Arbeit, Beschäftigung und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Wechselspiel von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation. Branchenbericht: Baugewerbe. (Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales. Forschungsbericht 522/6), Berlin, 92 S.

Abstract

"Das vom Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales (BMAS) geförderte Forschungsprojekt QuaTOQ (Qualität der Arbeit, Beschäftigung und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Wechselspiel von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation) untersucht branchenbezogen zukünftige Arbeitsformen und -inhalte vor dem Hintergrund einer weiterhin zunehmenden Technisierung, vor allem aber Digitalisierung und analysiert quantitativ wie qualitativ Fragen der Beschäftigungs- und Innovationsfähigkeit in Abhängigkeit von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation. Dieser Bericht untersucht das Baugewerbe." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Barnes, Sally-Anne & Sally Wright (2019): The feasibility of developing a methodology for measuring the distance travelled and soft outcomes for long-term unemployed people participating in Active Labour Market Programmes. Final report. (Social Europe), Brüssel, 71 S. DOI:10.2767/14458

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Cohn, Alain, Michel André Maréchal, Frédéric Schneider & Roberto A. Weber (2019): Frequent job changes can signal poor work attitude and reduce employability. (CESifo working paper 7976), München, 44 S.

Abstract

"We study whether employment history provides information about a worker’s “work attitude,” i.e., the tendency to act cooperatively and reliably in the workplace. We conjecture that, holding all else equal, frequent job changes can indicate poor work attitude and that this information is transmitted through employment histories. We find support for this hypothesis across three studies that employ complementary lab, field, and survey experiments, as well as in labor market panel data. First, a tightly controlled laboratory labor market experiment demonstrates that prior employment information allows employers to screen for reliable and cooperative workers and that these workers obtain better employment outcomes. Second, we conduct a field experiment that varies the frequency of job changes in applicants’ resumes and find that those with fewer job changes receive substantially more callbacks from prospective employers. Third, a survey experiment with Human Resources professionals confirms that the resume manipulations in the field study create different perceptions of work attitude and that these largely account for the callback differences. Finally, we find evidence consistent with our hypothesized relationships in empirical labor market data. Our work highlights the potential importance of job history as a signal of work attitude in labor markets, and points to a potential cost of frequent job changes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Dengler, Philippa (2019): Lifelong employability. Thriving in an ageing society. (Schriftenreihe der Kalaidos Fachhochschule Schweiz), Wiesbaden: Springer, 103 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-24624-2

Abstract

"Increased longevity means that current structures for employment and retirement in Switzerland are not sustainable. To enable individuals and companies to thrive in our ageing society, changes in our social norms and attitudes about work and ageing need to occur. Philippa Dengler examines what these changes are, and what companies can do to support their employees to take control of their individual employability for a longer life. The practical implications benefit individuals, the companies they work for, and society as a whole." (Publisher information, © Springer) ((en))

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Glock, Gina, Kerstin Goluchowicz, Kai Priesack, Wenke Apt, Heike Strach & Marc Bovenschulte (2019): QuaTOQ - Qualität der Arbeit, Beschäftigung und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Wechselspiel von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation. Branchenbericht: Einzelhandel und Handelslogistik. (Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales. Forschungsbericht 522/3), Berlin, 96 S.

Abstract

"Das vom Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales (BMAS) geförderte Forschungsprojekt QuaTOQ (Qualität der Arbeit, Beschäftigung und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Wechselspiel von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation) untersucht branchenbezogen zukünftige Arbeitsformen und -inhalte vor dem Hintergrund einer weiterhin zunehmenden Technisierung, vor allem aber Digitalisierung und analysiert quantitativ wie qualitativ Fragen der Beschäftigungs- und Innovationsfähigkeit in Abhängigkeit von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation. Dieser Bericht untersucht Einzelhandel und Handelslogistik." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Glock, Gina, Stefan Krabel, Heike Strach, Wenke Apt, Kerstin Goluchowicz, Kai Priesack & Marc Bovenschulte (2019): QuaTOQ - Qualität der Arbeit, Beschäftigung und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Wechselspiel von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation. Branchenbericht: Finanzen und Versicherungen. (Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales. Forschungsbericht 522/5), Berlin, 77 S.

Abstract

"Das vom Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales (BMAS) geförderte Forschungsprojekt QuaTOQ (Qualität der Arbeit, Beschäftigung und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Wechselspiel von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation) untersucht branchenbezogen zukünftige Arbeitsformen und -inhalte vor dem Hintergrund einer weiterhin zunehmenden Technisierung, vor allem aber Digitalisierung und analysiert quantitativ wie qualitativ Fragen der Beschäftigungs- und Innovationsfähigkeit in Abhängigkeit von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation. Dieser Bericht untersucht die Finanzen und Versicherungen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Kampen, Thomas & Evelien Tonkens (2019): Empowerment and disempowerment of workfare volunteers. A diachronic approach to activation policy in the Netherlands. In: Social policy and society, Jg. 18, H. 3, S. 249-269. DOI:10.1017/S1474746418000143

Abstract

"This article focuses on experiences of welfare recipients summoned to do volunteer work. Proponents of 'workfare volunteerism' argue that it leads to empowerment and employability while critics dismiss it as disempowering, stigmatising, and disciplining. Our longitudinal qualitative inquiry into experiences of sixty-six 'workfare volunteers' in the Netherlands shows how experiences of disempowerment or empowerment are dependent on caseworker approaches as well as on time. Disempowerment can turn into empowerment when an individual's past is considered, but can revert to disempowerment if changing needs go unrecognised. These findings have broader implications for debates on activating policies. They point to the need for diachronic approaches, which reflect the changing experiences of target groups over time and adaption of policies and caseworker approaches that respond to their clients' changing needs and self-understanding." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kratz, Fabian, Alexander Patzina, Corinna Kleinert & Hans Dietrich (2019): Vocational education and employment: Explaining cohort variations in life course patterns. In: Social Inclusion, Jg. 7, H. 3, S. 224-253., 2019-07-15. DOI:10.17645/si.v7i3.2045

Abstract

"A stylized finding on returns to vocational education is that vocational compared to general education generates a differential life course pattern of employability: while vocational education guarantees smooth transitions into the labour market and thus generates initial advantages, these erode with increasing age, leading to late-life reversals in employment chances. We contribute to this research by assessing cohort variations in life-cycle patterns and distinguishing two explanations for late-life reversals in employment chances. The adaptability argument states that this phenomenon is due to the lower adaptability and occupational flexibility of those with vocational education. In contrast, the health argument states that vocational education leads to physically more demanding occupations, faster health deterioration, and, thus, lower employability in later life. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we employ non-parametric state probability analysis to assess cohort variations in employment patterns, and mediation analysis to assess how much of the late-life reversal of employment patterns is due to a faster health deterioration among the vocationally educated. Results show that the early life advantage of vocational education increases across cohorts. Furthermore, those with vocational education exhibit faster health deterioration, and a small part of the late-life employment disadvantage of this group works through lower levels of health after midlife." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Lindsay, Colin, Sarah Pearson, Elaine Batty, Anne Marie Cullen & Will Eadson (2019): Street-level practice, personalisation and co-production in employability. Insights from local services with lone parents. In: Social policy and society, Jg. 18, H. 4, S. 647-658. DOI:10.1017/S1474746419000174

Abstract

"Policymakers in the UK have promised to deliver personalised employability services for vulnerable jobseekers. However, unemployed people often describe their engagement with state-funded services as defined by: the offer of low cost, standardised job search services; and pressure to accept any job, irrespective of quality or appropriateness. This article argues that more progressive, co-produced alternatives are possible. We draw on an evaluation of local, third sector-led services targeting lone parents (LPs) in five local government areas in Scotland. Our research involved more than 100 in-depth interviews with both service providers and LPs. We find that partnership-oriented co-governance mechanisms facilitated collaborative approaches to the management of services and processes of co-production. LPs expressed positive views of the personalised services that were co-produced. We conclude that a commitment to collaboration and co-production may be more effective in promoting personalised services that are responsive to the needs of vulnerable groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Polacsek-Ernst, Roland & Anton Riedel (2019): Gesundheit, Arbeitszufriedenheit und nachhaltige Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Zusammenhang mit Arbeitsintensivierung. In: M. Griesbacher, J. Hödl, J. Muckenhuber & K. Scaria-Braunstein (Hrsg.) (2019): Intensivierung der Arbeit. Perspektiven auf Arbeitszeit und technologischen Wandel, S. 19-30.

Abstract

"Die Arbeitsintensivierung war ein Grund, die Evaluierung psychischer Belastungen für alle Österreichischen Unternehmen verpflichtend im Arbeitnehmerschutzgesetz zu verankern. Die Studie befasst sich mit dem Zusammenhang zwischen psychischen Belastungen und abhängigen Variablen zur Gesundheit, Arbeitszufriedenheit und nachhaltigen Beschäftigungsfähigkeit von 16.626 MitarbeiterInnen aus 97 Unternehmen in Österreich bei denen die Evaluierung psychischer Belastungen durchgeführt wurde. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die große Bedeutung von Überlastung, einem Messparameter für Intensivierung, für die abhängigen Variablen. In drei Pfadanalysen ist sie sogar an erster Stelle in der Gruppenbildung. Darüber hinaus werden auch weitere positive und negative Pfade und ihre Bedeutung für die Beschäftigten aufgezeigt." (Autorenreferat auf ResearchGate, IAB-Doku)

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Priesack, Kai, Wenke Apt, Gina Glock, Kerstin Goluchowicz & Marc Bovenschulte (2019): QuaTOQ - Qualität der Arbeit, Beschäftigung und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Wechselspiel von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation. Branchenbericht: Chemie- und Pharmaindustrie. (Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales. Forschungsbericht 522/4), Berlin, 91 S.

Abstract

"Das vom Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales (BMAS) geförderte Forschungsprojekt QuaTOQ (Qualität der Arbeit, Beschäftigung und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Wechselspiel von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation) untersucht branchenbezogen zukünftige Arbeitsformen und -inhalte vor dem Hintergrund einer weiterhin zunehmenden Technisierung, vor allem aber Digitalisierung und analysiert quantitativ wie qualitativ Fragen der Beschäftigungs- und Innovationsfähigkeit in Abhängigkeit von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation. Dieser Bericht untersucht die Chemie- und Pharmaindustrie." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Richter, Christoph (2019): Employability aus institutioneller Perspektive : Konzeption und empirische Untersuchung am Beispiel von privaten Hochschulen. Berlin: Logos, 361 S.

Abstract

"Employability bzw. Beschäftigungsfähigkeit gilt als Reizwort und schillernder Begriff in der Debatte um Funktionen von Hochschulen. Das zeigen die kontrovers, häufig sehr ideologisch geführten Diskussionen zu Hochschulen als Bildungs- und Ausbildungsinstitutionen. Es liegen jedoch kaum empirisch abgesicherte Erkenntnisse zu Verständnis und Umsetzung dieses Bildungsziels trotz der hochschulpolitischen Relevanz vor. Mit der vorliegenden Dissertationsschrift wird ein wichtiger Forschungsbeitrag geleistet, diese Forschungslücke zu schließen und die Grundsatzdiskussionen zu Employability in Fragestellungen wissenschaftlicher Forschung zu überführen. Insofern ist der Forschungsansatz eine Pionierarbeit zu einem komplexen Themenfeld. Unter Einbeziehung des internationalen Forschungsstandes und der Genese des Bologna-Prozesses wird ein breiter theoretischer Rahmen auf der Grundlage eines neu entwickelten Modells, des Employment-Ability-Modells (EAM) entfaltet. Das theoretische Konzept ist insofern innovativ, als die Bildungsanforderungen von employability stärker als bisher berücksichtigt werden, die Ausrichtung auf das Beschäftigungssystem um dessen Mitgestaltung durch Hochschulen erweitert, der Begriff der Beschäftigung um Ansätze außerhalb der Erwerbswirtschaft ausgedehnt und die Hochschuldidaktik zu einer relevanten Dimension aufgewertet wird. Das EAM erfährt mittels eines multimethodischen Ansatzes anhand von Experteninterviews und Dokumentenanalysen eine empirische Überprüfung. Das Vorgehen des Forschungsprozesses u.a. im Bereich der Festlegung des Untersuchungssamples wird sehr transparent dargestellt und durchgängig reflektiert. Im Ergebnis werden vielfältige empirische Befunde wie z.B. Employability-Profile herausgearbeitet und daraus Empfehlungen für die zukünftige Hochschulentwicklung abgeleitet. Als eine wesentliche Erkenntnis der Forschungsarbeit lässt sich festhalten, dass das Konzept Employability als Leitziel für Bildungsgänge an Hochschulen geeignet ist, wenn subjektorientierte sowie pädagogische Dimensionen zum Tragen kommen und das Konzept nicht auf ein reines Erwerbsmuster reduziert wird. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse bilden eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Grundlage für zukünftige Analysen zu Bildungszielen von Hochschulen und von anderen Bildungsteilsystemen." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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Seifried, Jürgen, Klaus Beck, Bernd-Joachim Ertelt & Andreas Frey (Hrsg.) (2019): Beruf, Beruflichkeit, Employability. (Wirtschaft - Beruf - Ethik 35), Bielefeld: wbv Media, 348 S.

Abstract

"Der Mensch prägt seine Arbeit, die Arbeit prägt den Menschen. Diese Wechselbeziehung hat sich in den vergangenen 50 Jahren immer mehr verändert: Der Beruf als gleichermaßen gesellschaftliches und individuelles Konzept wird hinterfragt und zunehmend gewinnt die Idee der Employability an Bedeutung. Hier setzen die Beiträge des Sammelbandes an. Im Zentrum steht die Frage nach dem Verhältnis von gesellschaftlichen Produktionserfordernissen einerseits und dem Anspruch auf individuelle Entfaltung andererseits. Die Autorinnen und Autoren zeichnen die Entwicklung vom Beruf zur Employability historisch nach und ziehen internationale Vergleiche. Die Herausgeber liefern mit diesem Sammelband eine umfassende und mehrperspektivische Bilanz zum aktuellen Forschungsstand in der Berufs- und Wirtschaftspädagogik." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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Sherman, Arie & Guy Barokas (2019): Are happy people more employable? Evidence from field experiments. In: Applied Economics Letters, Jg. 26, H. 17, S. 1384-1387. DOI:10.1080/13504851.2018.1558345

Abstract

"This novel study investigated the response of the labour market to employee happiness. Two field experiments examined the role of happiness in the hiring process. We found that including a personal happiness statement in the curricula vitae significantly increases employer callbacks for men. Strikingly, women do not enjoy the same happiness premium." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Wong, Victor & Tat Chor Au-Yeung (2019): Expediting youth's entry into employment whilst overlooking precariousness. Flexi-employability and disciplinary activation in Hong Kong. In: Social policy and administration, Jg. 53, H. 5, S. 793-809. DOI:10.1111/spol.12418

Abstract

"With an emphasis placed on supply-side interventions such as skills training and incentives enhancement, active labor market polices (ALMPs) are strongly promoted by international organizations and widely adopted across different welfare regimes to boost employment rates. This article first presents the under-examined relationship between ALMPs and employment precariousness, which has posed a challenge to the neoliberal notion of employability and activation. Youth-focused employment policies tend to speed up employment entry whilst downplaying the risk of precariousness and the importance of job quality, and thus further reinforcing the belief that engaging in precarious employment is tolerable if not inevitable. The article then examines the case of Hong Kong, which illustrates that its relatively low rate of youth unemployment may conceal the unfavorable employment conditions confronted by youth. It is argued that the service-led employment policies and short-term vocational training define the employability of young workers in terms of labor flexibilities. The coined phase of 'flexi-employability' is characterized by promoting youth's readiness for, and adaptability to, the volatilities and changing demands of the labor market. Arguably, the disciplinary approach to youth activation would only strengthen the work-first principle by enforcing young people to take up jobs available and leave welfare as soon as possible, but without thoroughly addressing the risks and insecurities generated by the labor market in undermining their well-being." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Bia, Michela, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes & Andrea Mercatanti (2018): Evaluation of language training programs in Luxembourg using principal stratification. (GLO discussion paper 289), Maastricht, 46 S.

Abstract

"In a world increasingly globalized, multiple language skills can create more employment opportunities. Several countries include language training programs in active labor market programs for the unemployed. We analyze the effects of a language training program on the re-employment probability and hourly wages of the unemployed simultaneously, using highquality administrative data from Luxembourg. We address selection into training by exploiting the rich administrative information available, and account for the complication that wages are 'truncated' by unemployment by adopting a principal stratification framework. Estimation is undertaken with a mixture model likelihood-based approach. To improve inference, we use the individual's hours worked as a secondary outcome and a stochastic dominance assumption. These two features considerably ameliorate the multimodality problem commonly encountered in mixture models. We also conduct sensitivity analysis to assess the unconfoundedness assumption employed. Our results strongly suggest a positive effect (of up to 12.7 percent) of the language training programs on the re-employment probability, but no effects on wages for those who are observed employed regardless of training participation. It appears that, in the context of an open and multilingual economy, language training improve employability but the language skills acquired are not sufficiently rewarded to be reflected in higher wages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Böttcher, Katrin, Anne-Grit Albrecht, Laura Venz & Jörg Felfe (2018): Protecting older workers' employability. A survey study of the role of transformational leadership. In: German journal of human resource management, Jg. 32, H. 2, S. 120-148. DOI:10.1177/2397002218763001

Abstract

"Demographic and labour market changes increase the need to enhance the employability of employees across all ages. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of transformational leadership in employees' employability. While we hypothesised that age is negatively related to perceived internal and external employability, we expected a positive relationship for transformational leadership, and that transformational leadership would moderate the relationship between age and employability. Hypotheses were tested using a sample of 1006 employees in the German automotive industry. Results show age to be negatively related to internal and external employability, with both relationships being comparably strong. Transformational leadership was positively related to internal and external employability, with the relationship with internal employability being stronger. Moreover, transformational leadership buffered the negative relationship between age and internal employability. These results suggest that transformational leadership is crucial in protecting lifetime employability and that it should be promoted." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Cairns, David, Ewa Krzaklewska, Valentina Cuzzocrea & Airi-Alina Allaste (2018): Mobility, education and employability in the European Union. Inside Erasmus. Cham: Springer Palgrave Macmillan, 192 S.

Abstract

"This book takes an in-depth look at the European Commission's Erasmus programme. In its current Erasmus+ format, the programme supports international exchange visits among students, trainees, volunteers and academic members of staff with a view to enhancing employability and encouraging intercultural understanding. Against the backdrop of the 30th anniversary of Erasmus, the authors explore the successes of the programme, most prominently the undergraduate exchange programme, as well as areas of on-going development, including the incorporation of short duration mobility projects focused on specific social issues into the initiative. Through integrating perspectives from authors in a number of European countries, all of whom have knowledge regarding various aspects of Erasmus, the book provides insight into the challenges facing the programme as it moves into its fourth decade. Mobility, Education and Employability in the European Union: Inside Erasmus will be of interest to students and scholars from a range of disciplines, including geography, sociology and European politics." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Croucher, Richard, Sumeetra Ramakrishnan, Marian Rizov & Diana Benzinger (2018): Perceptions of employability among London's low-paid. 'Self-determination' or ethnicity? In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 39, H. 1, S. 109-130. DOI:10.1177/0143831X15609672

Abstract

"This article investigates how ethnicity, gender and other characteristics affect low-paid workers' perceptions of their employability in London's labour market, examining self-efficacy, ethnic and dual labour market theories. The authors find that perceptions vary considerably, both between genders and ethnicities and in the extent to which they are 'justified' by human capital attributes. Optimism varies between genders and ethnic groups but individuals' perceptions vary to an even greater extent within genders and ethnic groups. Hence, individual-level 'self-determination' explanations of these perceptions appear to have greatest explanatory power in this specific context, although ethnic theories also have utility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Drange, Ida, Vilde Hoff Bernstrøm & Svenn-Erik Mamelund (2018): Are you moving up or falling short? An inquiry of skills-based variation in self-perceived employability among norwegian employees. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 32, H. 2, S. 387-406. DOI:10.1177/0950017017749720

Abstract

"This article investigates how educational level, job-related skills and employers' support for competence development jointly determine Norwegian employees' expectations of maintaining employment and career advancement. The data were collected in 2010 and 2013, and they comprise a representative sample of Norwegian employees. In contrast to previous research on self-perceived employability, this study divides expectations of advancement and continued employment. The results show that these are different measures of labour market success. While education is significantly correlated with both measures, the employer's support for competence development is important for expectations of career advancement, especially among the highly educated, whereas the job - skills match is most relevant for the expectation of maintaining employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))