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Grosemans, Ilke, Ellen Houben, Eva Kyndt & Nele De Cuyper (2024): Learning Goal Orientation and the Development of Perceived Employability of Young Workers. In: Journal of Personnel Psychology, Jg. 23, H. 2, S. 59-70. DOI:10.1027/1866-5888/a000328

Abstract

"The current study probes the relation between learning and employability. First, we investigated the relationship between younger workers' work-domain learning goal orientation and perceived employability and its development over time. This portrays an agentic view: Effort is expected to open up new opportunities. Second, we explored whether agency is equally strong for everyone by investigating whether having a higher education degree associated with this relationship. Latent growth analyses (N = 792) demonstrated that work-domain learning goal orientation of younger workers only affected the initial value of perceived employability and only for workers without higher education degree. Furthermore, perceived employability of respondents without (vs. with) higher education degree started lower, but they seem to catch up over a 1-year period." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Hogrefe Verlag) ((en))

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Farashah, Ali, Tomas Blomquist, Akram Al Ariss & Grace Chun Guo (2023): Perceived employability of skilled migrants: a systematic review and future research agenda. In: The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Jg. 34, H. 3, S. 478-528. DOI:10.1080/09585192.2022.2099226

Abstract

"This review examines the perceived employability of skilled migrants (SMs) through an analysis of 88 management and organisational research articles published over 2009-2019 period. We find the extant literature characterised by context-specific studies featuring considerable variety in terms of levels of analysis, theory, and content. Using the notion of perceived employability, key themes in the literature are identified and presented in an integrative framework. The framework encompasses individual, organisational, occupational, and institutional components of the perceived employability of SMs, different forms of work transition and associated mediators (broadening strategies) and moderators (transition conditions). Proposing adoption of process thinking for future research, suggestions regarding the interaction of individual and contextual components of perceived employability and the mediation and moderation mechanisms in the process of work transition are outlined." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Morgan, Haydn, Harry Bowles & Anthony Bush (2023): The impact of COVID-19 on young people's employability: the potential of sport-based interventions as non-formal education. In: Journal of education and work, Jg. 36, H. 7-8, S. 608-622. DOI:10.1080/13639080.2023.2292137

Abstract

"The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected young people in relation to their mental health, educational provision, and social development, impacting their employment prospects and future prosperity. In response, the United Kingdom government implemented a range of formal policy solutions to address issues around youth employability. However, studies are yet to examine how non-formal or alternative educational approaches, such as sport and physical activity interventions, can be used intentionally to enhance employability and tackle the youth employment challenges brought about by the pandemic. This article draws upon interviews with 20 organizations working within the sport and youth employability sector to provide insight into employment issues that have been created or exacerbated by COVID-19 and outlines how sport-based interventions might help to address these challenges. Findings demonstrate that the intentional use of sport and physical activity offers an attractive means to (re-)engage young people with employability programs and support their preparedness for work, especially those furthest from an employment destination. The article also highlights how sport-based interventions can generate broader social impact, to address young people’s social and emotional difficulties, rebuild their confidence, and re-connect them with formal systems of education and training that many had become dislocated from during the pandemic." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Niska, Miira (2023): Jockeying for position: university students' employability constructions. In: Journal of education and work, Jg. 36, H. 4, S. 284-298. DOI:10.1080/13639080.2023.2197643

Abstract

"As governments and international organisations have pressured universities to demonstrate the value and effectiveness of tertiary education, universities have started to highlight graduate employability as a key driver and measure of university outcomes. This paper contributes to the underutilised processual employability studies by applying the framework of critical discursive psychology to analyse university students' employability construction. Following this framework, employability is something students do rather than something they have. The empirical study was based on interviews of Finnish students of social science. Analysis of the interviews demonstrated notable variation in the ways in which university students talk about their employability. While some students constructed their employability by positioning themselves as traditional bureaucrats, others constructed their employability by positioning themselves as entrepreneurial agents. Nevertheless, the central point is that some students related ambiguously to both positions and tried to manage the ideological dilemma between stability and security of the bureaucrat position, and variability and risk of the entrepreneurial position. The study calls for better understanding of ways in which students and graduates deal with the dilemmatic nature and requirements of the labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Pilz, Matthias & Lea Zenner-Höffkes (2023): “There's always someone else to blame”: a comparison of the political discourse surrounding “vocational maturity” in Germany and “employability” in the UK. In: Journal of vocational education and training online erschienen am 27.06.2023, S. 1-29. DOI:10.1080/13636820.2023.2229796

Abstract

"There is considerable international interest in transitions from school to work. This article approaches the issue as part of the debate around ‘vocational maturity’ (Ausbildungsreife) in Germany and ‘employability’ in the United Kingdom. Vocational education and training systems in these two countries differ significantly, so the article takes a historical approach to analysing and comparing the discourse used, focusing primarily on which training policy actors make which arguments about Ausbildungsreife or employability under which social, economic and training conditions. Specifically, it uses trade union, employer association and government documents from the period 1977 to 2018, evaluating them using the heuristic tools of interpretative models to create an understanding of Ausbildungsreife and employability, phenomenological structure and narrative structure. The findings demonstrate differences over time in the way individual actors structure their arguments and major divergences between the discourse in the two countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Promberger, Markus, Marie Boost, Katja Hartosch & Sandra Kawalec (2023): Kompetenzfeststellungsverfahren in der Arbeitsvermittlung: Eine qualitative Evaluation des Kompetenztests 'MYSKILLS'. (IAB-Forschungsbericht 17/2023), Nürnberg, 42 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FB.2317

Abstract

"In Deutschland ist die Bedeutung berufsfachlicher Arbeitsmärkte, die durch formale Zertifikate strukturiert werden, ausgesprochen hoch. Dies zeigt sich etwa bei den qualifikationsspezifischen Arbeitslosenquoten. Formal geringqualifizierte Personen sind mit Abstand am häufigsten von Arbeitslosigkeit betroffen (Röttger et al. 2020). Personen mit Migrationserfahrung und ohne offizielle Zertifizierung ihrer beruflichen Kompetenzen sind dabei strukturell besonders benachteiligt und überdurchschnittlich häufig von Arbeitslosigkeit betroffen (Grundig/Pohl 2006). Ein fehlender formaler Nachweis beruflicher Kompetenzen bedeutet jedoch nicht zwingend, dass solche nicht vorhanden sind. Denn diese könnten durchaus in sogenannten non-formalen oder informellen Settings erworben worden sein. Diese Settings sind vielfältig und können neben Arbeitsplätzen auch Freizeitaktivitäten, ehrenamtliche Tätigkeiten oder nicht erwerbsmäßige Care-Arbeit umfassen. An dieser Stelle setzen sogenannte Kompetenzfeststellungsverfahren an: Sie sollen vorhandene Kompetenzen jenseits formaler Qualifizierungswege erfassen und zu deren verbesserter Anerkennung beitragen. Politisch wird die Etablierung entsprechender Verfahren auch durch die Europäische Union (EU) vorangetrieben. Sie sollen unter anderem die individuelle Beschäftigungsfähigkeit und die Durchlässigkeit von institutionalisierten Zugangsbarrieren zu beruflichen Feldern erhöhen. Angesichts zunehmender Migrationsbewegungen, des demografischen Wandels, des in einigen Segmenten erkennbaren Fachkräftemangels und des wirtschaftlichen Strukturwandels wird diesen Verfahren eine wachsende Relevanz zugeschrieben." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Rieker, Jennifer A., Patrick D. Gajewski, José Manuel Reales, Soledad Ballesteros, Klaus Golka, Jan G. Hengstler, Edmund Wascher & Stephan Getzmann (2023): The impact of physical fitness, social life, and cognitive functions on work ability in middle-aged and older adults. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 96, H. 4, S. 507-520. DOI:10.1007/s00420-022-01943-8

Abstract

"Demographic changes encompass societies to maintain the work ability (WA) of aging workforces. The present study explored the relationship between modifiable lifestyle factors, cognitive functions, and their influence on WA, using a multi-group structural equation approach." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Tranberg Bodilsen, Simon, Søren Albeck Nielsen & Michael Rosholm (2023): Measuring Employment Readiness for Hard-to-Place Individuals. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16626), Bonn, 37 S.

Abstract

"In an era characterized by population aging and economic challenges in welfare states across the world, sustaining these welfare systems requires a large workforce. Many individuals outside the labor market aspire to work but encounter a labyrinth of obstacles. While Public Employment Services employ Active Labor Market Policies, their effectiveness for this group remains uncertain. This study introduces the Employment Readiness Indicator Questionnaire (ERIQ), transcending traditional employment categories by assessing individuals' progress toward employment and measuring employment readiness for those labeled "hard-to-place". Integrating socially vulnerable clients into the labor market remains an unsolved challenge. ERIQ demonstrates impressive predictive abilities and points towards actionable recommendations by identifying malleable traits, such as social skills, coping strategies, goal orientation, and self-efficacy, that significantly impact employment readiness. ERIQ emerges as a valuable resource for policymakers and practitioners, advancing the goal of promoting labor market participation for socially vulnerable individuals." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (2023): Microcredentials for labour market education and training. Microcredentials and evolving qualifications systems. (CEDEFOP working paper series / European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training), Thessaloniki, 156 S. DOI:10.2801/566352

Abstract

"This study examines the emerging relationship between microcredentials and qualification systems. Information gathered through an online survey among European VET providers, national authorities, employee and employer organisations was complemented by in-depth country case studies and interviews with Cedefop’s ReferNet network. Questions of whether and how microcredentials should be related to established qualification systems are at an early stage of consideration in most countries; the focus is on better defining and standardising their role within national qualifications systems. Existing trends towards modularisation and the recognition of prior learning provide potential avenues for realising the benefits of microcredentials in terms of flexibility and responsiveness, while also ensuring their quality for learners and employers. There is still significant debate over how to deal with microcredentials, and how to avoid potential negative effects, such as encouraging a shift away from holistic education towards short-duration learning based around reduced skill sets. Microcredentials are a complex phenomenon, particularly with regard to their relationship to qualifications. In recent years, there has been an acceleration in the availability and use of microcredentials in the labour market, raising questions about their relationship to VET and to qualification systems. The proliferation of microcredentials of different types across various sectors, occupations, education sectors and levels and countries, along with variations between countries in the nature of qualification systems – which are undergoing change – make this a complex landscape to research and analyse. To date there has been a lack of data at EU level informing decision-making in this area. This report aims to be a first step towards filling some key gaps in the knowledge around these topics, addressing three main research questions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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OECD (2023): Micro-credentials for lifelong learning and employability. (OECD Education Policy Perspectives 66), Paris, 44 S. DOI:10.1787/9c4b7b68-en

Abstract

"The Council of the European Union (EU) adopted a proposal for a Council Recommendation on a European Approach to Micro-credentials for Lifelong Learning and Employability in June 2022 (Council of the European Union, 2022[1]). It recommends a list of measures that EU Member States could consider implementing to support the development of a micro-credential ecosystem and deliver on their potential to support lifelong learning and employability. EU Member States are invited to implement the Council Recommendation and inform the Commission of planned national measures by December 2023. Governments in other regions, particularly Asia-Pacific and North America, are taking similar steps to develop a policy infrastructure for micro-credentials. The OECD launched a Micro-credential Implementation Project in August 2022 to assist countries in their efforts to develop national measures. With financial support from the EU, it aims to i) strengthen the evidence base on the current and near-term potential of micro-credentials and related challenges and ii) outline practical approaches and steps that countries can take to deliver on that potential and address challenges. This paper is the first of two planned project publications, aiming to strengthen the evidence base on the potential of micro-credentials. Taking into account the evidence already developed by different bodies with respect to micro-credential innovation (including OECD's recent papers "Micro-credential Innovations in Higher Education (OECD, 2021[2])" and "Quality and Value of Micro-credentials in Higher Education (OECD, 2021[3])"), it principally focuses on the areas where evidence is still limited, namely whether micro-credentials can contribute to: a) enhancing employability, labour market participation and outcomes among completers; b) widening pathways from upper secondary, including vocational education and training (VET), to higher education and improving completion of higher education; and c) promoting social inclusion among disadvantaged learners and workers. This paper will be followed by a second paper that outlines practical approaches and steps that countries can take to deliver on the potential of micro-credentials. The second paper is envisioned to be published towards the end of 2023 and will include a set of implementation and monitoring indicators that countries can use to facilitate national discussions and case studies from the four EU Member States that participate in the project, namely Finland, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Spain." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Boudreaux, Michael J., Brandon T. Ferrell, Nathan A. Hundley & Ryne A. Sherman (2022): A Personality-Based Measure of Employability. In: Journal of Personnel Psychology, Jg. 21, H. 1, S. 11-22. DOI:10.1027/1866-5888/a000283

Abstract

"Hogan et al. (2013) proposed a personality-based model of employability that describes individual differences in (1) being rewarding to deal with, (2) being able to learn the job, and (3) being willing to work hard. In this study, we evaluated the model by selecting subscales from the Hogan Personality Inventory (HPI; Hogan & Hogan, 2007) that best predicted supervisor ratings of competencies related to these three constructs. The psychometric properties of those scales were examined in independent samples. Results indicated that the scales converged with similar scales from other instruments, covaried in meaningful ways with observer descriptions, and predicted supervisor ratings of job performance. The measure – which is 64% shorter than the full HPI – includes personality characteristics applicable to most jobs across multiple job families that can be used to identify successful candidates." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Hogrefe Verlag) ((en))

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Dellve, Lotta, Robin Jonsson, Marita Flisbäck & Mattias Bengtsson (2022): System and Life-Course Perspectives on Capability to Work and Capability Through Work. In: H. F. Erhag, U. L. Nilsson, T. R. Sterner & I. Skoog (Hrsg.) (2022): ¬A¬ Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing, S. 207-219. DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-78063-0_15

Abstract

"The capability approach is relevant to gaining a conceptual understanding of individuals’ abilities and motivation to work and to explore the potential consequences that various working conditions have for people when they reach old age. Here, the capability concept is complemented with system theory to understand the multi-component key resources for capability to work among older workers, and also the conversion factors – capability through work – at individual, micro, meso, macro and chrono-levels. The theoretical approach is exemplified by studies from the interdisciplinary field of work sciences. The chapter describes central working-life conditions, conversion factors for crafting capability to work and examples of patterns of interactions between capability to work and capability through work. To support practical applications, we suggest important conversion factors and patterns of interaction between capability to work and capability through working-life resources. In sum, having a reasonable degree of control and influence (freedom of choice) at work and opportunities to make individual deals and adjustments that match one’s values, abilities, competence and experience are important for individual preference of a long working life. This requires an organisation that focuses on the value of work and promotes a general learning climate through broad participation." (Author's abstract, © Springer) ((en))

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Mizrahi, Shlomo & Dana Natan Krup (2022): Employability and training: public attitudes, the labour market and vocational training policies. In: Journal of vocational education and training online erschienen am 23.05.2022, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1080/13636820.2022.2078401

Abstract

"One of the main challenges in modern labour markets is to improve the mobility and employability of workers among workplaces, jobs and roles. This paper explores the factors that might influence people’s beliefs about and attitudes towards the mechanisms for improving employability through training. We develop a research model and test it in Israel using surveys that were distributed at two points in time – before and during an acute crisis in the labour market – the Covid-19 pandemic. Perceptions about personal mobility and employability and prior educational experience play a major role in explaining citizens’ attitudes towards training. Beliefs about the effectiveness of government training providers as well as employment security are relatively marginal in explaining the demand for training. Policy implications follow." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Murrar, Abdullah, Madan Batra, Veronica Paz, Bara Asfour & Marouane Balmakhtar (2022): Employability of job applicants in skilful jobs: commonality in employer and employee perspectives. In: International Journal of Manpower, Jg. 43, H. 6, S. 1285-1300. DOI:10.1108/IJM-10-2020-0454

Abstract

"Purpose: The purpose of this research is to explore the employer and employee perspectives about the employability skills of skilful jobs. The research is conducted in a developing country (Palestine) which has a high percentage of university graduates, high unemployment rate and intense job competition. This paper defines skilful jobs as those that require employees who have attended a college or university and have completed a two-year diploma or a four-year degree. Design/methodology/approach: This research integrates the components of discussion with local experts in the skilled labour market, primary data from employers (N = 415) and primary data from employees (N = 880). Binary logistic regression is used to measure the relationship between the dependent variable (likelihood of hire or not hire) and independent variables (job applicants' hard and soft skills). Findings: The results from both employer and employee data revealed that the previous work experience, computer skills, professional certifications and high grade point average have significant impact on hiring and recruitment in the skilful jobs. In addition to these, the employers seek applicants who have communication skills. However, the employees consider personal relationship with employers to be a highly significant factor in accepting job offers. Practical implications To increase their likelihood of obtaining a skilful job, and then sustaining it, the job seekers should hone their soft skills and acquire professional certifications. The universities should adapt their curriculum to match these skills and move their focus from disciplinary knowledge to competencies. The public policy makers should design awareness and capacity building programmes that will facilitate the recent graduates' integration into the labour market. The empirical model in this study shows that previous work experience is the most important recruitment factor for employers – accordingly, creating internships and apprenticeship opportunities would be its clear policy implication. Originality/value: The study contributes to the literature by providing a parsimonious employability model of skilful jobs, which fits as much as possible the perspectives of the employers and employees about the employability skills in a developing country." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))

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Mühlböck, Monika, Nadia Steiber & Bernhard Kittel (2022): Learning to keep the faith? Further education and perceived employability among young unemployed. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 43, H. 2, S. 705-725. DOI:10.1177/0143831X20944211

Abstract

"To keep up job search motivation and maintain re-employment chances, it is important that unemployed individuals do not stop believing in their ability to (re)gain satisfying employment. This article examines whether further education during unemployment has a positive effect on perceived employability (i.e. the subjective assessment of one?s chances to obtain the desired job), based on a panel survey of unemployed young adults in Austria. The article finds that educational activities - either on own initiative or as part of an active labor market program - indeed help to sustain or even increase perceived employability. However, only for long-term programs do the effects persist beyond the duration of the activity. This study thus identifies substantial psychological side effects of active labor market policies involving further education, which could be used to increase actual employability." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ritchie, Louise, Valerie Egdell, Michael Danson, Mandy Cook, Jill Stavert & Debbie Tolson (2022): Dementia, Work and Employability: Using the Capability Approach to Understand the Employability Potential for People Living with Dementia. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 36, H. 4, S. 591-609. DOI:10.1177/0950017020961929

Abstract

"The importance of remaining in, or re-entering, the labour market is emphasised by governments internationally. While this may bring benefits, progressive disabilities such as dementia affect an individual’s employability. Although employers have legal obligations to support employees with disabilities, research suggests that employers are not providing this support to employees living with dementia and are undermining their capabilities. Drawing on interview data from 38 key informants collected over two studies, we explore the potential for supporting and promoting the employability of people living with dementia. A model of sustainable employability based on the Capability Approach is used as a lens to explore this issue. The findings demonstrate the implications of progressive disabilities for employability when the worker and their family are faced with dealing with a disability in a period of uncertainty with a lack of public and workplace understanding." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Schludi, Martin, Claudia Wenzig & Sebastian Hülle; Claudia Wenzig & Sebastian Hülle (sonst. bet. Pers.) (2022): Teilhabechancengesetz: Wie das IAB die Perspektive der Geförderten ergründet. (Interview mit Sebastian Hülle und Claudia Wenzig). In: IAB-Forum H. 29.06.2022 Nürnberg, 2022-06-27. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20220629.01

Abstract

"Beschäftigungsfähigkeit und soziale Teilhabe von Langzeitarbeitslosen durch die Etablierung eines sozialen Arbeitsmarktes zu stärken – das ist Ziel des 2019 in Kraft getretenen Teilhabechancengesetzes. Im Zentrum stehen eine intensive Beratung und individuelle Betreuung der Geförderten sowie umfangreiche Lohnkostenzuschüsse für deren Arbeitgeber. Durch die Längsschnittbefragung „Lebensqualität und Teilhabe“ versucht das IAB herauszufinden, ob diese Hilfen die Situation der Geförderten auch tatsächlich verbessern. Welche Schwierigkeiten und Herausforderungen mit der Durchführung der Befragung verbunden sind, erläutern Sebastian Hülle und Claudia Wenzig im Interview für das IAB-Forum." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Zach, Lisa (2022): Berufliche Übergänge und Employability von First-in-Family Hochschulabsolvent*innen. Ein systematischer Literature Review zu Reproduktionsmechanismen sozialer Ungleichheit. (BestMasters), Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler, 111 S.

Abstract

"In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat die Debatte um einen gerechteren Zugang zu höherer Bildung zunehmend Beachtung erfahren. Es wird angenommen, dass eine stärkere universitäre Bildungsbeteiligung von Studierenden, deren Eltern keinen Hochschulabschluss besitzen (First-in-Family Studierende), sich positiv auf deren beruflichen Werdegang nach Studienabschluss auswirkt. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht auf Basis eines systematischen Literature Reviews, wie sich der berufliche Übergang von First-in-Family Hochschulabsolvent*innen gestaltet, und welche ungleichheitsbedingenden Mechanismen aufgrund der sozialen Herkunft dabei wirkmächtig werden können. Zudem wird auf die Beschäftigungsfähigkeit von Hochschulabsolvent*innen sowie deren Bedeutung beim Übergang in den Arbeitsmarkt eingegangen. Auf der Grundlage von 60 deutschsprachigen und 114 englischsprachigen Publikationen, überwiegend aus dem Vereinigten Königreich, Australien, den USA und Deutschland, werden ein umfassender Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Forschung gegeben sowie Maßnahmen hinsichtlich der Reduktion sozialer Ungleichheit und der Förderung von Employability vorgestellt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Springer)

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De Lange, Annet H., Beatrice Van der Heijden, Tinka van Vuuren, Trude Furunes, Christiane De Lange & Josje Dikkers (2021): Employable as We Age? A Systematic Review of Relationships Between Age Conceptualizations and Employability. In: Frontiers in psychology, Jg. 11. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.605684

Abstract

"This systematic review aimed to provide an overview of earlier research on the relationships between age conceptualizations (i.e., calendar age, organizational age, lifespan age, psychosocial age, and functional age) and indicators of employability. We have conducted a systematic literature search using PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier, Business Source Complete, CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, and Science Direct. Two raters evaluated the articles and subsequently distinguished k = 41 studies that met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. Our review revealed that many researchers adopted different operationalizations to measure employability (15 studies were based on an input- or competence-based measure of employability, 23 studies included an output- or labor market-based measure of employability, and three studies included a combination of both measures). Moreover, most studies included calendar age (40 studies, 97.6%) as indicator of aging at work, and were based on a cross-sectional design (34 studies, 82.9%; 17.1% a longitudinal design). Based on the Standardized Index of Convergence (SIC) method, different types of evidence were found for the relationships between age and the employability measures. For relationships between psychosocial age and lifespan age, on the one hand, and employability measures, on the other hand, too few studies were found to draw conclusions. Yet, for relationships between calendar age and labor market-based measures strong consistent negative relationships were found across the studies, and moderately strong positive relationships were found for functional age and labor market- based measures. For organizational age and both competence-based as well as labor market-based measures moderately strong negative relationships were found. We discuss the implications of these results and propose a research agenda for future studies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Macartney, Hugh, Eric Nielsen & Viviana Rodriguez (2021): Unequal worker exposure to establishment deaths. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 73. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2021.102073

Abstract

"It is well understood that adverse economic shocks affect workers nonuniformly. We explore a new channel through which unequal employment outcomes may emerge during a downturn: displacement through the extensive margin of establishment deaths. Intuitively, workers who are concentrated in less resilient establishments prior to an economic decline will be disproportionately affected by its onset. Using rich administrative employment and establishment data for the United States, we show that Black workers bore the brunt of the Great Recession in terms of within-industry employment changes arising from establishment deaths. This finding has important implications for the evolution of worker disparities during future downturns." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2022 Elsevier) ((en))

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Martini, Mattia, Dario Cavenago & Elisabetta Marafioti (2021): Enhancing the employability of temporary agency workers. The interplay between agency support and client company investments. In: The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Jg. 32, H. 11, S. 1353-2381. DOI:10.1080/09585192.2019.1579750

Abstract

"This study explores the relationship between the employment agency's support, the employability of temporary agency workers, and the role of the client company investments in worker's development. In particular, we hypothesise that the support of Temporary Work Agencies affects perceived career success, employability skills and perceived employment opportunities. Furthermore, we suggest that client company investments mediate the effect of Temporary Work Agencies' support on workers' employment outcomes. We tested the research hypotheses on a sample of temporary workers who found a job through the intermediation of an Italian employment agency. Results show that perceived career success and employability skills are positively related to employment agency support, through the partial mediation of the investments of the client companies. The study suggests that Temporary Work Agencies play a critical role in enhancing temporary agencies workers' employability, even by shaping the investments of the client companies in workers' development. This study contributes toward existing theories by extending the knowledge of mechanisms and conditions under which investments in contract workers of both Temporary Work Agencies and client companies can be effective predictors of their employability." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Nadai, Eva, Anna Gonon, Robin Hübscher & Anna John (2021): Dynamiken von Beschäftigungsfähigkeit – Erwerbsverläufe von gering qualifizierten Arbeitskräften. In: Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, Jg. 67, H. 3, S. 183-210. DOI:10.1515/zsr-2021-0007

Abstract

"Formale Qualifikation gilt als zentrale Voraussetzung für Beschäftigungsfähigkeit. Anhand von Erwerbsverläufen von gering qualifizierten Arbeitskräften in der Schweiz untersucht dieser Beitrag Beschäftigungsfähigkeit als dynamische Wechselwirkung zwischen Orientierungen und Erwerbshandeln des Subjekts und institutionellen Regulierungen und Praktiken von Betrieben, Branchen und Sozialstaat. Die Analyse beruht auf qualitativen Interviews mit Arbeitskräften, Betrieben und Personalvermittlern. Die Mehrheit der befragten Arbeitskräfte war ein- oder mehrmals arbeitslos, aber nur ein Drittel der Erwerbsverläufe war insgesamt prekär. Vielmehr waren stabile Verläufe am häufigsten, und es gab auch Aufstiegskarrieren. Branche, betriebliche Personalstrategien und außerberufliche Faktoren erwiesen sich als ebenso entscheidend für die Beschäftigungsfähigkeit wie individuelles Erwerbshandeln und Bildungsbemühungen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter)

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Reichard, Christoph & Eckhard Schröter (2021): Civil Service and Public Employment. In: S. Kuhlmann, I. Proeller, D. Schimanke & J. Ziekow (Hrsg.) (2021): Public Administration in Germany, S. 205-223. DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-53697-8_13

Abstract

"The German system of public sector employment (including civil servants and public employees) qualifies as a classical European continental civil service model moulded in traditional forms of a Weberian bureaucracy. Its features include a career-based employment system with entry based on levels of formal qualification. Coordinated by legal frames and centralised collective bargaining, the civil service is, at the same time, decentralised and flexible enough to accommodate regional differences and societal changes. In comparison, the civil service system stands out for its high degrees of professionalism and legal fairness with low levels of corruption or cronyism." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer) ((en))

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Seiler, Kai (2021): Die Bedeutung von Beschäftigungsfähigkeit für die arbeitsmarktintegrative Gesundheitsförderung. In: A. Hollederer (Hrsg.) (2021): Gesundheitsförderung bei Arbeitslosen, S. 58-76.

Abstract

"Der Erhalt und die Förderung von Beschäftigungsfähigkeit ist im Zusammenhang mit arbeitsmarktbezogenen Konzepten in den letzten Jahren ein prominenter, aber auch äußerst facettenreicher Begriff geworden. Vielfach wird dabei ein funktionales Verständnis im Sinne der optimalen Anpassung von erwerbsfähigen Personen an Rahmenbedingungen des Arbeitsmarktes zugrunde gelegt. Diese Betrachtung wird dem komplexen Geschehen jedoch nicht gerecht - vor allem vor dem Hintergrund der Dynamik in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft sowie teils damit verbundenen Brüchen in Berufsbildung- und Erwerbsbiografien. Die Förderung von Gesundheit sowie der Zugang zu Versorgungsstrukturen des Gesundheitswesens sind dabei eine basale Voraussetzung für ein dauerhaftes Tätigsein-Können im Beruf sowie für Integrationsprozesse in den Arbeitsmarkt. Bei etwaigen Maßnahmen hierzu sollte deswegen ein umfassender Begriff von Beschäftigungsfähigkeit herangezogen werden. Die Förderung und der Erhalt der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit ist sowohl eine gesellschaftliche, unternehmensbezogene als auch eine individuelle Aufgabe und als solche prinzipiell gestaltbar. Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im hier verstandenen Sinne dürfte ein hilfreicherer und nachhaltigerer Indikator für den Erfolg arbeitsmarktintegrativer Maßnahmen sein, als die reine Erfassung des Gesundheitsstatus oder der Vermittlungsquote." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Swiderski, Jana (2021): Berufs- und Bildungsberatung im Spannungsfeld von Lifelong Guidance und Employability. In: Soziale Sicherheit, Jg. 70, H. 11, S. 396-398.

Abstract

"Der Arbeitsmarkt verändert sich, Lernen und Weiterbildung sind weitaus nicht mehr nur am Beginn der Berufsbiografie nötig. Berufliche Entwicklung über die Lebensspanne hinweg wird gleichzeitig zur Notwendigkeit, zur Aufgabe und zur Chance. Damit Beratung und Hilfestellung für Ratsuchende in der Agentur für Arbeit wie im Jobcenter nicht zum bloßen Zwang der Verwertbarkeit auf dem Arbeitsmarkt werden, sind neben den Beratenden vor allem Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft gefragt. Sechs Thesen zum Umgang mit der Ambivalenz." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Theurl, Simon & Dennis Tamesberger (2021): Does a job guarantee pay off? The fiscal costs of fighting long-term unemployment in Austria*. In: European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies, Jg. 18, H. 3, S. 364-378. DOI:10.4337/ejeep.2021.0077

Abstract

"The idea of a job guarantee (JG) to tackle unemployment has become popular again over recent years. Critics often point to the fiscal costs and the macroeconomic impact of a government financing full employment. In this paper, we analyse the fiscal costs of a JG for long-term unemployed people over the age of 45 in Austria. We show that a JG pays off in the long run. Even if the amount of jobs to be provided increases in times of a recession, or if a government starts with a certain amount of jobs and increases it afterwards, the JG would pay for itself." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Wymann, Bruno & Jochen Schellinger (2021): Employability 4.0. Arbeitsmarktfähigkeit in einer sich wandelnden Arbeitswelt. In: J. Schellinger, K. O. Tokarski & I. Kissling-Näf (Hrsg.) (2021 ): Digital Business. Analysen und Handlungsfelder in der Praxis, S. 183-216. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-32323-3_9

Abstract

"Megatrends führen zu einem fundamentalen Wandel in der Arbeitswelt und stellen Unternehmen vor große Herausforderungen. Die Arbeitsmarktfähigkeit von Mitarbeitenden kann dabei zum wichtigen Erfolgsfaktor für die langfristige Wettbewerbsfähigkeit werden. Gleichzeitig führen die Arbeitsweltveränderungen auch zu neuen Anforderungen an die individuelle Arbeitsmarktfähigkeit der Mitarbeitenden. Anhand eines qualitativen Forschungsdesigns wurde für Schweizer Tochterunternehmen eines Industriekonzerns untersucht, welche Entwicklungen in der Schweizer Arbeitswelt zu erwarten sind, wie sich diese auf die Arbeitsmarktfähigkeit von Mitarbeitenden auswirken und wie das Human Resource Management (HRM) zur Arbeitsmarktfähigkeit der Mitarbeitenden beitragen kann. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Digitalisierung als relevantester Megatrend in der Arbeitswelt wahrgenommen wird und dass Anpassungsfähigkeit sowie lebenslanges Lernen der Mitarbeitenden essenziell für die Erhaltung und Förderung ihrer Arbeitsmarktfähigkeit sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Behle, Heike (2020): Students' and graduates' employability. A framework to classify and measure employability gain. In: Policy reviews in higher education, Jg. 4, H. 1, S. 105-130. DOI:10.1080/23322969.2020.1712662

Abstract

"Employability has become one of the most important outcomes of higher education despite it being weakly conceptualised for the sector. The lack of an accepted conceptualisation to address students’ and graduates’ employability results in difficulties when comparing research findings and therefore in assessing quality in higher education provision. This paper addresses this gap in the conceptualisation of employability and adapts an established framework so that it aligns with the higher education sector. Employability is defined as ‘the ability to find, keep and progress in graduate employment’. A holistic framework composed of four categories (‘individual factors’; ‘individual circumstances’; ‘enabling support system’; ‘labour market’) is used to classify and measure employability. This allows for an understanding of how specific initiatives enhance the employability of students and graduates, and suggests ways to measure this impact. Also, the limitations of HEIs to impact students’ employability are addressed using the framework. The examples of Germany and England show how differences in employability occur due to differences in the surrounding labour market. The paper concludes that in a complex and holistic discussion it is necessary to highlight the various indicators, including the labour market, which were used to report more nuanced aspects of employability." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Buchner, Elisabeth & Helmut P. Gaisbauer (2020): Unterstützungsangebote für arbeitsmarktferne MindestsicherungsbezieherInnen: Chancen und Barrieren. In: WISO, Jg. 43, H. 2, S. 53-70.

Abstract

"Der Beitrag stellt anhand von zwei Projekten aus dem „Salzburger Stufenmodell“ dar, wie besonders arbeitsmarktferne, mehrfach belastete MindestsicherungsbezieherInnen bei der Lebensbewältigung und Stärkung ihrer Teilhabechancen wirksam unterstützt werden können und zeigt Schnittstellenprobleme und Barrieren für die Betroffenen auf. Diese entstehen vor allem aufgrund der fehlenden Durchlässigkeit und Abstimmung zwischen dem arbeitsmarktpolitischen sowie dem Sozial- und Gesundheitssystem." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © ISW-Linz)

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Glock, Gina, Kerstin Goluchowicz, Robert Peters, Heike Strach, Marc Bovenschulte & Wenke Apt (2020): QuaTOQ – Qualität der Arbeit, Beschäftigung und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Wechselspiel von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation. Branchenbericht: Verlags- und Medienwirtschaft. (Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales. Forschungsbericht 522/7), Berlin, 81 S.

Abstract

"Der Branchenbericht: Verlags- und Medienwirtschaft“ analysiert den strukturellen Wandel des Verlags- und Medienwesens in Deutschland unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Einflusses der Digitalisierung auf die Anwendung digitaler Technologien, arbeitsorganisatorische Veränderungen sowie neue Qualifikations- und Kompetenzbedarfe. Der zugrunde liegende Methodenmix ermöglicht einen Brückenschlag zwischen dem Status quo und der zukünftigen Entwicklung der Branche bis zum Jahr 2030. Diese Vorausschau dient als Basis zur Formulierung von Gestaltungsoptionen für Branchen- und Politikakteure." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Kern, Petra (2020): Employability – umstrittener Schlüsselbegriff im Kohäsionsprozess von beruflicher und hochschulischer Bildung. In: Berufs- und Wirtschaftspädagogik - online H. 39, S. 1-27.

Abstract

"Mit der Bologna-Reform von 1999 wurde Employability als ein wesentliches Ziel von Hochschulbildung verankert. Damit kam ein Begriff in die hochschulischen Debatten, der bislang überwiegend mit der Arbeitswelt verknüpft war und der nun den Kohäsionsprozess von beruflicher und hochschulischer Bildung flankierte. Rund zwanzig Jahre später stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern die Employability-Zielsetzung zur Annäherung beider Bildungsbereiche beigetragen hat. Rekonstruiert man die Rezeption des Leitziels, dann lassen sich drei Phasen unterscheiden: von der Irritation zur semantischen Integration im Fachdiskurs und bis zur (weitreichenden) Indifferenz auf der Umsetzungsebene. So scheint die Employability-Anforderung im hochschulpraktischen Alltag bisher nur bedingt realisiert, wie die beispielhafte Analyse der designwissenschaftlichen Domäne erkennen lässt. Leerstellen werden deutlich, die auf Forschungsdesiderate der beteiligten Disziplinen hinweisen. Dennoch ist die Employability-Anforderung letztlich zur Chiffre des Veränderungsprozesses von Hochschulbildung geworden – und hat damit Relevanz als Schlüsselbegriff im Transformationsprozess von Bildung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Nicolaus, Meike & Stephanie Duchek (2020): 20 Jahre Bologna und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit – Eine qualitative Studie zu Einflussmöglichkeiten der Hochschulausbildung auf die Resilienz von Absolventinnen und Absolventen. In: Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung, Jg. 42, H. 1/2, S. 56-80.

Abstract

"Kernziel der vor 20 Jahren geschlossenen „Bologna“-Erklärung ist unter anderem die Steigerung der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit von Hochschulabsolventinnen und -absolventen. Vor dem Hintergrund einer komplexen und dynamischen Arbeitswelt überrascht es kaum, dass in diesem Zusammenhang Resilienz als eine zentrale Fähigkeit künftiger Fach- und Führungskräfte zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnt. Die Forschung zum Thema „Resilienz im Hochschulkontext“ beschäftigt sich jedoch meist mit der Reduzierung von Studienabbrecherquoten und weniger mit Resilienzentwicklung für die spätere Arbeitswelt. Somit findet sich auch keine umfassende Darstellung der verschiedenen hochschulseitigen Einflussbereiche auf Resilienz. Diese Lücke soll mit unserem Beitrag geschlossen werden. Aufbauend auf den Ergebnissen eines systematischen Literaturreviews wurden 25 Experteninterviews mit Hochschulmitgliedern verschiedener Bereiche, mit denen Studierende im Laufe des Studiums in Kontakt kommen, durchgeführt und inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Peters, Robert, Marc Bovenschulte, Gina Glock, Christian Wehrmann, Kerstin Goluchowicz, Heike Strach & Wenke Apt (2020): QuaTOQ – Qualität der Arbeit, Beschäftigung und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Wechselspiel von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation. Branchenbericht: Maschinen- und Anlagenbau. (Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales. Forschungsbericht 522/8), Berlin, 78 S.

Abstract

"Der „Branchenbericht: Maschinen- und Anlagenbau“ analysiert den strukturellen Wandel der Branche in Deutschland unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Einflusses der Digitalisierung auf die Anwendung digitaler Technologien, arbeitsorganisatorische Veränderungen sowie neue Qualifikations- und Kompetenzbedarfe. Der zugrunde liegende Methodenmix ermöglicht einen Brückenschlag zwischen dem Status quo und der zukünftigen Entwicklung des Maschinenbaus bis zum Jahr 2030. Diese Vorausschau dient als Basis für die Formulierung von Gestaltungsoptionen für Branchen- und Politikakteure." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Sofritti, Federico, Angelo Benozzo, Neil Carey & Maria Chiara Pizzorno (2020): Working precarious careers trajectories: tracing neoliberal discourses in younger workers' narratives. In: Journal of youth studies, Jg. 23, H. 8, S. 1054-1070. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2019.1654602

Abstract

"The aim of this article is to explore how, in the context of the post Global Financial Crisis (GFC), some Italian younger workers in a specific geographical region in Italy recount their work trajectories. Drawing on narrative interviews with ten participants (aged between 24 and 30) as part of a research project carried out in the Autonomous region of Aosta Valley in Italy, the article traces discourses closely associated with neoliberalism - the discourses of the entrepreneurial self, employability and self-responsibilisation - through which subjects' work experiences take shape. Moreover, the analysis highlights how locality, one's personal relation with the geographical territory, makes more complex the younger people's negotiations in crafting themselves vis-à-vis precarious employment opportunities and wider socio-economic dynamics in respect of precarious employment opportunities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Apt, Wenke, Robert Peters, Gina Glock, Kerstin Goluchowicz, Stefan Krabel, Heike Strach, Kai Priesack & Marc Bovenschulte (2019): QuaTOQ - Qualität der Arbeit, Beschäftigung und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Wechselspiel von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation. Branchenbericht: Baugewerbe. (Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales. Forschungsbericht 522/6), Berlin, 92 S.

Abstract

"Das vom Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales (BMAS) geförderte Forschungsprojekt QuaTOQ (Qualität der Arbeit, Beschäftigung und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Wechselspiel von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation) untersucht branchenbezogen zukünftige Arbeitsformen und -inhalte vor dem Hintergrund einer weiterhin zunehmenden Technisierung, vor allem aber Digitalisierung und analysiert quantitativ wie qualitativ Fragen der Beschäftigungs- und Innovationsfähigkeit in Abhängigkeit von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation. Dieser Bericht untersucht das Baugewerbe." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Barnes, Sally-Anne & Sally Wright (2019): The feasibility of developing a methodology for measuring the distance travelled and soft outcomes for long-term unemployed people participating in Active Labour Market Programmes. Final report. (Social Europe), Brüssel, 71 S. DOI:10.2767/14458

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Cohn, Alain, Michel André Maréchal, Frédéric Schneider & Roberto A. Weber (2019): Frequent job changes can signal poor work attitude and reduce employability. (CESifo working paper 7976), München, 44 S.

Abstract

"We study whether employment history provides information about a worker’s “work attitude,” i.e., the tendency to act cooperatively and reliably in the workplace. We conjecture that, holding all else equal, frequent job changes can indicate poor work attitude and that this information is transmitted through employment histories. We find support for this hypothesis across three studies that employ complementary lab, field, and survey experiments, as well as in labor market panel data. First, a tightly controlled laboratory labor market experiment demonstrates that prior employment information allows employers to screen for reliable and cooperative workers and that these workers obtain better employment outcomes. Second, we conduct a field experiment that varies the frequency of job changes in applicants’ resumes and find that those with fewer job changes receive substantially more callbacks from prospective employers. Third, a survey experiment with Human Resources professionals confirms that the resume manipulations in the field study create different perceptions of work attitude and that these largely account for the callback differences. Finally, we find evidence consistent with our hypothesized relationships in empirical labor market data. Our work highlights the potential importance of job history as a signal of work attitude in labor markets, and points to a potential cost of frequent job changes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Dengler, Philippa (2019): Lifelong employability. Thriving in an ageing society. (Schriftenreihe der Kalaidos Fachhochschule Schweiz), Wiesbaden: Springer, 103 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-24624-2

Abstract

"Increased longevity means that current structures for employment and retirement in Switzerland are not sustainable. To enable individuals and companies to thrive in our ageing society, changes in our social norms and attitudes about work and ageing need to occur. Philippa Dengler examines what these changes are, and what companies can do to support their employees to take control of their individual employability for a longer life. The practical implications benefit individuals, the companies they work for, and society as a whole." (Publisher information, © Springer) ((en))

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Glock, Gina, Stefan Krabel, Heike Strach, Wenke Apt, Kerstin Goluchowicz, Kai Priesack & Marc Bovenschulte (2019): QuaTOQ - Qualität der Arbeit, Beschäftigung und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Wechselspiel von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation. Branchenbericht: Finanzen und Versicherungen. (Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales. Forschungsbericht 522/5), Berlin, 77 S.

Abstract

"Das vom Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales (BMAS) geförderte Forschungsprojekt QuaTOQ (Qualität der Arbeit, Beschäftigung und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Wechselspiel von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation) untersucht branchenbezogen zukünftige Arbeitsformen und -inhalte vor dem Hintergrund einer weiterhin zunehmenden Technisierung, vor allem aber Digitalisierung und analysiert quantitativ wie qualitativ Fragen der Beschäftigungs- und Innovationsfähigkeit in Abhängigkeit von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation. Dieser Bericht untersucht die Finanzen und Versicherungen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Glock, Gina, Kerstin Goluchowicz, Kai Priesack, Wenke Apt, Heike Strach & Marc Bovenschulte (2019): QuaTOQ - Qualität der Arbeit, Beschäftigung und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Wechselspiel von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation. Branchenbericht: Einzelhandel und Handelslogistik. (Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales. Forschungsbericht 522/3), Berlin, 96 S.

Abstract

"Das vom Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales (BMAS) geförderte Forschungsprojekt QuaTOQ (Qualität der Arbeit, Beschäftigung und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Wechselspiel von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation) untersucht branchenbezogen zukünftige Arbeitsformen und -inhalte vor dem Hintergrund einer weiterhin zunehmenden Technisierung, vor allem aber Digitalisierung und analysiert quantitativ wie qualitativ Fragen der Beschäftigungs- und Innovationsfähigkeit in Abhängigkeit von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation. Dieser Bericht untersucht Einzelhandel und Handelslogistik." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Kampen, Thomas & Evelien Tonkens (2019): Empowerment and disempowerment of workfare volunteers. A diachronic approach to activation policy in the Netherlands. In: Social policy and society, Jg. 18, H. 3, S. 249-269. DOI:10.1017/S1474746418000143

Abstract

"This article focuses on experiences of welfare recipients summoned to do volunteer work. Proponents of 'workfare volunteerism' argue that it leads to empowerment and employability while critics dismiss it as disempowering, stigmatising, and disciplining. Our longitudinal qualitative inquiry into experiences of sixty-six 'workfare volunteers' in the Netherlands shows how experiences of disempowerment or empowerment are dependent on caseworker approaches as well as on time. Disempowerment can turn into empowerment when an individual's past is considered, but can revert to disempowerment if changing needs go unrecognised. These findings have broader implications for debates on activating policies. They point to the need for diachronic approaches, which reflect the changing experiences of target groups over time and adaption of policies and caseworker approaches that respond to their clients' changing needs and self-understanding." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kratz, Fabian, Alexander Patzina, Corinna Kleinert & Hans Dietrich (2019): Vocational education and employment: Explaining cohort variations in life course patterns. In: Social Inclusion, Jg. 7, H. 3, S. 224-253., 2019-07-15. DOI:10.17645/si.v7i3.2045

Abstract

"A stylized finding on returns to vocational education is that vocational compared to general education generates a differential life course pattern of employability: while vocational education guarantees smooth transitions into the labour market and thus generates initial advantages, these erode with increasing age, leading to late-life reversals in employment chances. We contribute to this research by assessing cohort variations in life-cycle patterns and distinguishing two explanations for late-life reversals in employment chances. The adaptability argument states that this phenomenon is due to the lower adaptability and occupational flexibility of those with vocational education. In contrast, the health argument states that vocational education leads to physically more demanding occupations, faster health deterioration, and, thus, lower employability in later life. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we employ non-parametric state probability analysis to assess cohort variations in employment patterns, and mediation analysis to assess how much of the late-life reversal of employment patterns is due to a faster health deterioration among the vocationally educated. Results show that the early life advantage of vocational education increases across cohorts. Furthermore, those with vocational education exhibit faster health deterioration, and a small part of the late-life employment disadvantage of this group works through lower levels of health after midlife." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Lindsay, Colin, Sarah Pearson, Elaine Batty, Anne Marie Cullen & Will Eadson (2019): Street-level practice, personalisation and co-production in employability. Insights from local services with lone parents. In: Social policy and society, Jg. 18, H. 4, S. 647-658. DOI:10.1017/S1474746419000174

Abstract

"Policymakers in the UK have promised to deliver personalised employability services for vulnerable jobseekers. However, unemployed people often describe their engagement with state-funded services as defined by: the offer of low cost, standardised job search services; and pressure to accept any job, irrespective of quality or appropriateness. This article argues that more progressive, co-produced alternatives are possible. We draw on an evaluation of local, third sector-led services targeting lone parents (LPs) in five local government areas in Scotland. Our research involved more than 100 in-depth interviews with both service providers and LPs. We find that partnership-oriented co-governance mechanisms facilitated collaborative approaches to the management of services and processes of co-production. LPs expressed positive views of the personalised services that were co-produced. We conclude that a commitment to collaboration and co-production may be more effective in promoting personalised services that are responsive to the needs of vulnerable groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Polacsek-Ernst, Roland & Anton Riedel (2019): Gesundheit, Arbeitszufriedenheit und nachhaltige Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Zusammenhang mit Arbeitsintensivierung. In: M. Griesbacher, J. Hödl, J. Muckenhuber & K. Scaria-Braunstein (Hrsg.) (2019): Intensivierung der Arbeit. Perspektiven auf Arbeitszeit und technologischen Wandel, S. 19-30.

Abstract

"Die Arbeitsintensivierung war ein Grund, die Evaluierung psychischer Belastungen für alle Österreichischen Unternehmen verpflichtend im Arbeitnehmerschutzgesetz zu verankern. Die Studie befasst sich mit dem Zusammenhang zwischen psychischen Belastungen und abhängigen Variablen zur Gesundheit, Arbeitszufriedenheit und nachhaltigen Beschäftigungsfähigkeit von 16.626 MitarbeiterInnen aus 97 Unternehmen in Österreich bei denen die Evaluierung psychischer Belastungen durchgeführt wurde. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die große Bedeutung von Überlastung, einem Messparameter für Intensivierung, für die abhängigen Variablen. In drei Pfadanalysen ist sie sogar an erster Stelle in der Gruppenbildung. Darüber hinaus werden auch weitere positive und negative Pfade und ihre Bedeutung für die Beschäftigten aufgezeigt." (Autorenreferat auf ResearchGate, IAB-Doku)

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Priesack, Kai, Wenke Apt, Gina Glock, Kerstin Goluchowicz & Marc Bovenschulte (2019): QuaTOQ - Qualität der Arbeit, Beschäftigung und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Wechselspiel von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation. Branchenbericht: Chemie- und Pharmaindustrie. (Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales. Forschungsbericht 522/4), Berlin, 91 S.

Abstract

"Das vom Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales (BMAS) geförderte Forschungsprojekt QuaTOQ (Qualität der Arbeit, Beschäftigung und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Wechselspiel von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation) untersucht branchenbezogen zukünftige Arbeitsformen und -inhalte vor dem Hintergrund einer weiterhin zunehmenden Technisierung, vor allem aber Digitalisierung und analysiert quantitativ wie qualitativ Fragen der Beschäftigungs- und Innovationsfähigkeit in Abhängigkeit von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation. Dieser Bericht untersucht die Chemie- und Pharmaindustrie." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Richter, Christoph (2019): Employability aus institutioneller Perspektive : Konzeption und empirische Untersuchung am Beispiel von privaten Hochschulen. Berlin: Logos, 361 S.

Abstract

"Employability bzw. Beschäftigungsfähigkeit gilt als Reizwort und schillernder Begriff in der Debatte um Funktionen von Hochschulen. Das zeigen die kontrovers, häufig sehr ideologisch geführten Diskussionen zu Hochschulen als Bildungs- und Ausbildungsinstitutionen. Es liegen jedoch kaum empirisch abgesicherte Erkenntnisse zu Verständnis und Umsetzung dieses Bildungsziels trotz der hochschulpolitischen Relevanz vor. Mit der vorliegenden Dissertationsschrift wird ein wichtiger Forschungsbeitrag geleistet, diese Forschungslücke zu schließen und die Grundsatzdiskussionen zu Employability in Fragestellungen wissenschaftlicher Forschung zu überführen. Insofern ist der Forschungsansatz eine Pionierarbeit zu einem komplexen Themenfeld. Unter Einbeziehung des internationalen Forschungsstandes und der Genese des Bologna-Prozesses wird ein breiter theoretischer Rahmen auf der Grundlage eines neu entwickelten Modells, des Employment-Ability-Modells (EAM) entfaltet. Das theoretische Konzept ist insofern innovativ, als die Bildungsanforderungen von employability stärker als bisher berücksichtigt werden, die Ausrichtung auf das Beschäftigungssystem um dessen Mitgestaltung durch Hochschulen erweitert, der Begriff der Beschäftigung um Ansätze außerhalb der Erwerbswirtschaft ausgedehnt und die Hochschuldidaktik zu einer relevanten Dimension aufgewertet wird. Das EAM erfährt mittels eines multimethodischen Ansatzes anhand von Experteninterviews und Dokumentenanalysen eine empirische Überprüfung. Das Vorgehen des Forschungsprozesses u.a. im Bereich der Festlegung des Untersuchungssamples wird sehr transparent dargestellt und durchgängig reflektiert. Im Ergebnis werden vielfältige empirische Befunde wie z.B. Employability-Profile herausgearbeitet und daraus Empfehlungen für die zukünftige Hochschulentwicklung abgeleitet. Als eine wesentliche Erkenntnis der Forschungsarbeit lässt sich festhalten, dass das Konzept Employability als Leitziel für Bildungsgänge an Hochschulen geeignet ist, wenn subjektorientierte sowie pädagogische Dimensionen zum Tragen kommen und das Konzept nicht auf ein reines Erwerbsmuster reduziert wird. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse bilden eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Grundlage für zukünftige Analysen zu Bildungszielen von Hochschulen und von anderen Bildungsteilsystemen." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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Seifried, Jürgen, Klaus Beck, Bernd-Joachim Ertelt & Andreas Frey (Hrsg.) (2019): Beruf, Beruflichkeit, Employability. (Wirtschaft - Beruf - Ethik 35), Bielefeld: wbv Media, 348 S.

Abstract

"Der Mensch prägt seine Arbeit, die Arbeit prägt den Menschen. Diese Wechselbeziehung hat sich in den vergangenen 50 Jahren immer mehr verändert: Der Beruf als gleichermaßen gesellschaftliches und individuelles Konzept wird hinterfragt und zunehmend gewinnt die Idee der Employability an Bedeutung.
Hier setzen die Beiträge des Sammelbandes an. Im Zentrum steht die Frage nach dem Verhältnis von gesellschaftlichen Produktionserfordernissen einerseits und dem Anspruch auf individuelle Entfaltung andererseits. Die Autorinnen und Autoren zeichnen die Entwicklung vom Beruf zur Employability historisch nach und ziehen internationale Vergleiche.
Die Herausgeber liefern mit diesem Sammelband eine umfassende und mehrperspektivische Bilanz zum aktuellen Forschungsstand in der Berufs- und Wirtschaftspädagogik." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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Sherman, Arie & Guy Barokas (2019): Are happy people more employable? Evidence from field experiments. In: Applied Economics Letters, Jg. 26, H. 17, S. 1384-1387. DOI:10.1080/13504851.2018.1558345

Abstract

"This novel study investigated the response of the labour market to employee happiness. Two field experiments examined the role of happiness in the hiring process. We found that including a personal happiness statement in the curricula vitae significantly increases employer callbacks for men. Strikingly, women do not enjoy the same happiness premium." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Wong, Victor & Tat Chor Au-Yeung (2019): Expediting youth's entry into employment whilst overlooking precariousness. Flexi-employability and disciplinary activation in Hong Kong. In: Social policy and administration, Jg. 53, H. 5, S. 793-809. DOI:10.1111/spol.12418

Abstract

"With an emphasis placed on supply-side interventions such as skills training and incentives enhancement, active labor market polices (ALMPs) are strongly promoted by international organizations and widely adopted across different welfare regimes to boost employment rates. This article first presents the under-examined relationship between ALMPs and employment precariousness, which has posed a challenge to the neoliberal notion of employability and activation. Youth-focused employment policies tend to speed up employment entry whilst downplaying the risk of precariousness and the importance of job quality, and thus further reinforcing the belief that engaging in precarious employment is tolerable if not inevitable. The article then examines the case of Hong Kong, which illustrates that its relatively low rate of youth unemployment may conceal the unfavorable employment conditions confronted by youth. It is argued that the service-led employment policies and short-term vocational training define the employability of young workers in terms of labor flexibilities. The coined phase of 'flexi-employability' is characterized by promoting youth's readiness for, and adaptability to, the volatilities and changing demands of the labor market. Arguably, the disciplinary approach to youth activation would only strengthen the work-first principle by enforcing young people to take up jobs available and leave welfare as soon as possible, but without thoroughly addressing the risks and insecurities generated by the labor market in undermining their well-being." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Bia, Michela, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes & Andrea Mercatanti (2018): Evaluation of language training programs in Luxembourg using principal stratification. (GLO discussion paper 289), Maastricht, 46 S.

Abstract

"In a world increasingly globalized, multiple language skills can create more employment opportunities. Several countries include language training programs in active labor market programs for the unemployed. We analyze the effects of a language training program on the re-employment probability and hourly wages of the unemployed simultaneously, using highquality administrative data from Luxembourg. We address selection into training by exploiting the rich administrative information available, and account for the complication that wages are 'truncated' by unemployment by adopting a principal stratification framework. Estimation is undertaken with a mixture model likelihood-based approach. To improve inference, we use the individual's hours worked as a secondary outcome and a stochastic dominance assumption. These two features considerably ameliorate the multimodality problem commonly encountered in mixture models. We also conduct sensitivity analysis to assess the unconfoundedness assumption employed. Our results strongly suggest a positive effect (of up to 12.7 percent) of the language training programs on the re-employment probability, but no effects on wages for those who are observed employed regardless of training participation. It appears that, in the context of an open and multilingual economy, language training improve employability but the language skills acquired are not sufficiently rewarded to be reflected in higher wages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Böttcher, Katrin, Anne-Grit Albrecht, Laura Venz & Jörg Felfe (2018): Protecting older workers' employability. A survey study of the role of transformational leadership. In: German journal of human resource management, Jg. 32, H. 2, S. 120-148. DOI:10.1177/2397002218763001

Abstract

"Demographic and labour market changes increase the need to enhance the employability of employees across all ages. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of transformational leadership in employees' employability. While we hypothesised that age is negatively related to perceived internal and external employability, we expected a positive relationship for transformational leadership, and that transformational leadership would moderate the relationship between age and employability. Hypotheses were tested using a sample of 1006 employees in the German automotive industry. Results show age to be negatively related to internal and external employability, with both relationships being comparably strong. Transformational leadership was positively related to internal and external employability, with the relationship with internal employability being stronger. Moreover, transformational leadership buffered the negative relationship between age and internal employability. These results suggest that transformational leadership is crucial in protecting lifetime employability and that it should be promoted." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Cairns, David, Ewa Krzaklewska, Valentina Cuzzocrea & Airi-Alina Allaste (2018): Mobility, education and employability in the European Union. Inside Erasmus. Cham: Springer Palgrave Macmillan, 192 S.

Abstract

"This book takes an in-depth look at the European Commission's Erasmus programme. In its current Erasmus+ format, the programme supports international exchange visits among students, trainees, volunteers and academic members of staff with a view to enhancing employability and encouraging intercultural understanding. Against the backdrop of the 30th anniversary of Erasmus, the authors explore the successes of the programme, most prominently the undergraduate exchange programme, as well as areas of on-going development, including the incorporation of short duration mobility projects focused on specific social issues into the initiative. Through integrating perspectives from authors in a number of European countries, all of whom have knowledge regarding various aspects of Erasmus, the book provides insight into the challenges facing the programme as it moves into its fourth decade. Mobility, Education and Employability in the European Union: Inside Erasmus will be of interest to students and scholars from a range of disciplines, including geography, sociology and European politics." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Croucher, Richard, Sumeetra Ramakrishnan, Marian Rizov & Diana Benzinger (2018): Perceptions of employability among London's low-paid. 'Self-determination' or ethnicity? In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 39, H. 1, S. 109-130. DOI:10.1177/0143831X15609672

Abstract

"This article investigates how ethnicity, gender and other characteristics affect low-paid workers' perceptions of their employability in London's labour market, examining self-efficacy, ethnic and dual labour market theories. The authors find that perceptions vary considerably, both between genders and ethnicities and in the extent to which they are 'justified' by human capital attributes. Optimism varies between genders and ethnic groups but individuals' perceptions vary to an even greater extent within genders and ethnic groups. Hence, individual-level 'self-determination' explanations of these perceptions appear to have greatest explanatory power in this specific context, although ethnic theories also have utility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Drange, Ida, Vilde Hoff Bernstrøm & Svenn-Erik Mamelund (2018): Are you moving up or falling short? An inquiry of skills-based variation in self-perceived employability among norwegian employees. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 32, H. 2, S. 387-406. DOI:10.1177/0950017017749720

Abstract

"This article investigates how educational level, job-related skills and employers' support for competence development jointly determine Norwegian employees' expectations of maintaining employment and career advancement. The data were collected in 2010 and 2013, and they comprise a representative sample of Norwegian employees. In contrast to previous research on self-perceived employability, this study divides expectations of advancement and continued employment. The results show that these are different measures of labour market success. While education is significantly correlated with both measures, the employer's support for competence development is important for expectations of career advancement, especially among the highly educated, whereas the job - skills match is most relevant for the expectation of maintaining employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Farrugia, David, Steven Threadgold & Julia Coffey (2018): Young subjectivities and affective labour in the service economy. In: Journal of Youth Studies, Jg. 21, H. 3, S. 272-287. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2017.1366015

Abstract

"Post-Fordist employment is characterised by the demand for new forms of labour in which workers are expected to make personal investments in their work and to mobilise their embodied subjectivities in the practice of labour. Whilst employment insecurity is well documented in the sociology of youth, theoretical development in this area has yet to contend with the role of changes in the nature of labour itself in the production of youth. This paper draws on theories of labour under post-Fordism to explore the practice of 'affective labour' amongst young people performing 'front of house' bar work in a large metropolitan service economy. The paper theorises the role of youth subjectivities - including capacities for relationality and leisure, gendered embodiment, and tastes - in the practice of contemporary labour. The paper describes how young people doing bar work contribute to the production of affective atmospheres, or sensations of ease, pleasure and enjoyment that are offered to clientele of boutique bars. In this, we suggest that affective labour mobilises young subjectivities at work in ways that are currently unrecognised within youth studies. The paper concludes by suggesting a new research agenda that goes beyond the existing focus on youth transitions through employment to explore how youth is produced as part of the social dynamics of post-Fordist labour." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Fuchs, Johann & Angela Rauch (2018): Arbeit und Gesundheit Generation 50+. Schwerpunkt Politik: Interview mit Johann Fuchs und Angela Rauch. In: F. Knieps & H. Pfaff (Hrsg.) (2018): Arbeit und Gesundheit Generation 50+ : Zahlen, Daten, Fakten. BKK Gesundheitsreport 2018 (BKK-Gesundheitsreport, 2018), S. 302-303, 2018-06-29.

Abstract

"Wie werden sich Arbeit und Arbeitsmarkt in den nächsten Jahren entwickeln?
Welche Rolle wird dabei der demografische Wandel spielen?
Welche Konsequenzen ergeben sich daraus für Arbeitswelt und Unternehmen? Werden wir z.B. alle künftig länger arbeiten müssen?
Welche Rahmenbedingungen sind dazu allgemein nötig, dass Beschäftigte lange gesund arbeiten können? Was muss dabei auch die Politik an Weichenstellungen vornehmen?" (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Glock, Gina, Kai Priesack, Wenke Apt, Heike Strach, Stefan Krabel & Marc Bovenschulte (2018): Qualität der Arbeit, Beschäftigung und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Wechselspiel von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation. Branchenbericht: Automobile. (Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales. Forschungsbericht 522/1), Berlin, 72 S.

Abstract

"Das vom Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales (BMAS) geförderte Forschungsprojekt QuaTOQ (Qualität der Arbeit, Beschäftigung und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Wechselspiel von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation) untersucht branchenbezogen zukünftige Arbeitsformen und -inhalte vor dem Hintergrund einer weiterhin zunehmenden Technisierung, vor allem aber Digitalisierung und analysiert quantitativ wie qualitativ Fragen der Beschäftigungs- und Innovationsfähigkeit in Abhängigkeit von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation. Dieser Bericht untersucht die Automobilbranche." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Glock, Gina, Kai Priesack, Wenke Apt, Heike Strach, Stefan Krabel & Marc Bovenschulte (2018): Qualität der Arbeit, Beschäftigung und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Wechselspiel von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation. Branchenbericht: Pflege und Versorgung. (Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales. Forschungsbericht 522/2), Berlin, 81 S.

Abstract

"Das vom Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales (BMAS) geförderte Forschungsprojekt QuaTOQ (Qualität der Arbeit, Beschäftigung und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Wechselspiel von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation) untersucht branchenbezogen zukünftige Arbeitsformen und -inhalte vor dem Hintergrund einer weiterhin zunehmenden Technisierung, vor allem aber Digitalisierung und analysiert quantitativ wie qualitativ Fragen der Beschäftigungs- und Innovationsfähigkeit in Abhängigkeit von Technologie, Organisation und Qualifikation. Dieser Bericht untersucht die Branche Pflege und Versorgung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Gold, Robert & Eckhardt Bode (2018): Adult training in the digital age. In: Economics. The open-access, open-assessment e-journal, Jg. 12, S. 1-15. DOI:10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2018-36

Abstract

"Digital technologies will both create new jobs and replace existing ones. To cope with increasing labor market dynamics in the digital age, workers will have to become more mobile across jobs, occupations, and industries. The relative importance of their job-specific skills will decrease while that of their general skills applicable to various occupations will increase. The G20 should establish national adult training programs that focus on improving workers' general skills, specifically their theoretical, non-cognitive, and digital skills. These general skills will enable workers to work with technology instead of competing with it, thereby in¡creasing their job mobility and employability." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Handley, Karen (2018): Anticipatory socialization and the construction of the employable graduate. A critical analysis of employers' graduate careers websites. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 32, H. 2, S. 239-256. DOI:10.1177/0950017016686031

Abstract

"A discourse of employability saturates the higher education sector in the UK. Government and employers call on universities to produce employable graduates who are attractive to the labour market and can sustain their future marketability by taking responsibility for protean self-development. While the neoliberal assumptions behind this call have attracted robust critique, the extent to which employers shape graduating students' subjectivities and sense of worth as (potentially employable) workers has escaped scrutiny. Inspired by Foucauldian analyses of human resource management (HRM) practices, this article examines employers' graduate careers websites and explores the discursive construction of the 'employable graduate'. The article contends that these websites function as a mechanism of anticipatory socialization through which HRM practices extend managerial control into the transitional space of pre-recruitment, with the aim of engaging students' consent to particular norms of employability." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hardy, Wojciech, Roma Keister & Piotr Lewandowski (2018): Educational upgrading, structural change and the task composition of jobs in Europe. In: The economics of transition, Jg. 26, H. 2, S. 201-231. DOI:10.1111/ecot.12145

Abstract

"We analyze the changes in the task content of jobs in 24 European countries between 1998 and 2015. We link the O*NET occupational data with the European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS), and use the methodology of Acemoglu and Autor (2011). We find that the intensity of non-routine cognitive tasks grew in all countries, while the intensity of manual tasks declined. Workforce upskilling was the major factor contributing to these developments. The intensity of routine cognitive tasks grew in most Central and Eastern European countries, but it declined in Western European countries. This difference is attributed to the contrasting patterns of structural changes in these groups of countries." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Holland, Brian (2018): Defining and measuring workforce development in the United States in a post-bipartisan era. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 234), Maastricht, 30 S.

Abstract

"The bipartisan acceptance of a federal role in workforce development policy is no longer in play as a result of ideological differences in the definition of workforce development which arise from a lack of coherent and misunderstood outcomes. My attempt here is to posit a new definition for workforce development that explains what these activities actually are and to raise three criteria for outcome metrics that can be used to evaluate the success of workforce investment under this new definition. By suggesting the process of workforce development and by proposing metric criteria which we can use to measure progress, I believe that a new bipartisan consensus can re-emerge, while recognizing the limitations of federal public expenditure. This consensus can, then, be used to generate a more appreciative role of active labor market policy at the national level using a process-evaluation model." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hülsmann, Katrin & Laura Nagelschmidt (2018): Zwischen employability und empowerment. Der Einsatz des ProfilPASS in der Berufsorientierung von Geflüchteten. In: weiter bilden, Jg. 25, H. 3, S. 35-37. DOI:10.3278/WBDIE1803W035

Abstract

"Die berufliche Integration ist ein wichtiges Ziel für geflüchtete Menschen. Biografieorientierte Kompetenzfeststellungsverfahren, die mit Beratungsangeboten gekoppelt sind, bieten sich für die Unterstützung an. Die Autorinnen reflektieren Erfahrungen aus drei Modellprojekten, die sie wissenschaftlich begleitet haben." (Autorenreferat, © W. Bertelsmann Verlag)

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Pater, Robert, Jaroslaw Szkola & Marcin Kozak (2018): A method for measuring detailed demand for workers' competences. (Economics. Discussion papers 2018-83), Kiel, 23 S.

Abstract

"There is an increasing need for analysing demand for skills at labour markets. While most studies aggregate skills in groups or use available proxies for them, the authors analyse companies' demand for individual competences. Such an analysis better reflects reality, because companies usually require from future workers particular competences rather than generally defined groups of skills. However, no method exists to analyse on a large scale which competences are required by employers. At a detailed level, there are hundreds of competences, so this demand cannot be measured in a sample survey. The authors propose a method for a continuous and efficient analysis of demand for new workers' competences. The method is based on gathering internet job offers and analysing them with data mining and text analysis tools. They applied it to analyse transversal competences on a Polish labour market during November 2012 - December 2015. The authors used the detailed European Commission classification of transversal competences. They found that within the general groups of competences, companies required only certain ones, especially 'language and communication competences' and neglected others. The companies' requirements were countercyclical, that is, they increased them during recession and decreased them during economic expansion. However, the structure of the demanded competences did not change during the analysed period, suggesting that the structure is relatively stable, at least over the business cycle. The method can be used continuously. Various institutions can analyse and publish up-to-date information on the current demand for competences as well as tendencies in this demand." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Piopiunik, Marc, Guido Schwerdt, Lisa Simon & Ludger Woessmann (2018): Skills, signals, and employability: An experimental investigation. (IZA discussion paper 11283), Bonn, 50 S.

Abstract

"As skills of labor-market entrants are usually not directly observed by employers, individuals acquire skill signals. To study which signals are valued by employers, we simultaneously and independently randomize a broad range of skill signals on pairs of resumes of fictitious applicants among which we ask a large representative sample of German human-resource managers to choose. We find that signals in all three studied domains - cognitive skills, social skills, and maturity - have a significant effect on being invited for a job interview. Consistent with the relevance, expectedness, and credibility of different signals, the specific signal that is effective in each domain differs between apprenticeship applicants and college graduates. While GPAs and social skills are significant for both genders, males are particularly rewarded for maturity and females for IT and language skills. Older HR managers value school grades less and other signals more, whereas HR managers in larger firms value college grades more." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ruiner, Caroline & Ursula Liebhart (2018): How multi-optional experts maintain and enhance their employability. In: German journal of human resource management, Jg. 32, H. 1, S. 52-74. DOI:10.1177/2397002217749774

Abstract

"How do freelancers and workers with frequently changing employment relationships top up their know-how and make themselves more employable? Highly skilled experts with multiple employment options must stay ahead of the game as they move from one job to market themselves for the next one. This article analyses how multi-optional experts improve their employability. It is based on a qualitative study of 17 multi-optional experts in knowledge-intensive industries such as information technology (IT), the media and consultancy as flexible employment is increasing and employability is critical in these highly dynamic fields. The study shows that multi-optional experts maintain and enhance their employability with various, mainly informal and self-organised learning methods. It identifies four types of worker - Flexible Adapter, Flexible Independent, Permalancer and Independent Freelancer - whose vocational development includes reactive, organisation-focused, active and self-focused strategies. In order to contribute to a better understanding of multi-optional experts' employability this article focuses on their strategies, particularly on how they select and combine learning methods, and examines their motives to enhance their further development." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Small, Lynlea, Kate Shacklock & Teresa Marchant (2018): Employability: a contemporary review for higher education stakeholders. In: Journal of vocational education and training, Jg. 70, H. 1, S. 148-166. DOI:10.1080/13636820.2017.1394355

Abstract

"Higher education institutions are under pressure to produce employable graduates who are required to contribute to the sustainability of strong economic growth and development. As such, the onus is on the higher education sector to present graduates to the labour market who are both work ready and have attained employability. This article contributes to the discussion surrounding the employability of graduates by: enhancing understanding and discussing contemporary evidence and debate around employability; showing the genesis, influence and synthesis of the major models associated with employability; summarising the boundaries and barriers to graduate employment; and exploring the determinants of employability from the employer's perspective. Importantly, the article summarises the contemporary theoretical bases of employability in the one place. Recommendations are made regarding further research and the need for further theoretical contributions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Teichler, Ulrich, Mantz Yorke, Martina Vukasovic, Andrea Cammelli, Gilberto Antonelli, Matteo Sgarzi, Angelo di Francia, Matteo Sgarzi & Henning Dettleff (2018): Employability in higher education. (Best of the Bologna handbook 10), Berlin: DUZ Verlags- und Medienhaus, 114 S.

Abstract

Contents:
Teichler, Ulrich: Higher education and the European labour market
Mantz Yorke: Employability in higher education
Martina Vukasovic: Deconstructing and reconstructing employability
Cammelli; Antonelli; di Francia; Sgarzi: AlmaLaurea Inter-University Consortium: Connecting universities effectively with labour markets and professionals
Henning Dettleff: Higher education reform and the new debate on employability: The German case

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Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales (2018): Rehabilitation als Beitrag zum Erhalt der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit. Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und der Fraktion BÜNDNIS 90/DIE GRÜNEN (Drucksache 19/1789). (Verhandlungen des Deutschen Bundestages. Drucksachen 19/2041 (08.05.2018)), 21 S.

Abstract

,Insgesamt sieben Institutionen in Deutschland haben die Aufgabe, gesundheitliche Einschränkungen im Vorfeld zu vermeiden, die Erwerbsfähigkeit zu erhalten bzw. wiederherzustellen, die Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben zu sichern sowie eine möglichst selbstbestimmte Lebensführung zu ermöglichen.' In diesem Zusammenhang richtet sich die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und Fraktion BÜNDNIS 90/DIE GRÜNEN auf den Beitrag der Rehabilitation zum Erhalt der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit. In ihrer Antwort gibt die Bundesregierung einen statistischen Überblick über Maßnahmen der medizinischen und beruflichen Rehabilitation sowie die die dafür aufgewendeten Mittel für alle sieben Träger: 1. Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung; 2. Kriegsopferversorgung und Kriegsopferfürsorge; 3. Eingliederungshilfe; 4. Bundesagentur für Arbeit; 5. Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung; 6. Gesetzliche Rentenversicherung und 7. Kinder- und Jugendhilfe. (IAB) Weiterhin thematisiert wird der Erfolg der Rehabilitation im Hinblick auf die berufliche Wiedereingliederung der Rehabilitanden. (IAB)

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Bentolila, Samuel, J. Ignacio García-Pérez & Marcel Jansen (2017): Are the Spanish long-term unemployed unemployable? (CESifo working paper 6338), München, 48 S.

Abstract

"Long-term unemployment reached unprecedented levels in Spain in the wake of the Great Recession and it still affects around 57% of the unemployed. We document the sources that contributed to the rise in long-term unemployment and analyze its persistence using state-of-the-art duration models. We find pervasive evidence of negative duration dependence, while personal characteristics such as mature age, lack of experience, and entitlement to unemployment benefits are key to understand the cross-sectional differences in the incidence of long-term unemployment. The negative impact of low levels of skill and education is muted by the large share of temporary contracts, but once we restrict attention to employment spells lasting at least one month these factors also contribute to a higher risk of long-term unemployment. Surprisingly, workers from the construction sector do not fare worse than similar workers from other sectors. Finally, self-reported reservation wages are found to respond strongly to the cycle, but much less to individual unemployment duration. In view of these findings, we argue that active labour market policies should play a more prominent role in the fight against long-term unemployment while early activation should be used to curb inflows." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bolder, Axel, Helmut Bremer & Rudolf Epping (Hrsg.) (2017): Bildung für Arbeit unter neuer Steuerung. (Bildung und Arbeit [05]), Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 444 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-15412-7

Abstract

"Der Band versammelt kritische Analysen der Versprechen der von der Europäischen Union geforderten 'neuen Steuerungsmodelle' für den Bildungssektor. Die Beiträge liefern eine Zwischenbilanz: Was ist aus den Versprechen geworden, die Entscheidungsprozesse im Bildungs- und Berufsausbildungssystem im Sinne eines auf 'Beschäftigungsfähigkeit' konzentrierten lebenslangen Lernens näher am Bedarf auszurichten und bei den Akteuren der Bildungs- und Arbeitsmärkte anzusiedeln? Wurden sie im tatsächlichen Geschehen eingelöst? Und wer hat von den Neuerungen letztlich profitiert?" (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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Engelhardt, Carina (2017): Unemployment and personality. (Universität Hannover, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät. Diskussionspapier 621), Hannover, 25 S.

Abstract

"This paper shows that unemployment and (some) personality traits are related. Individuals with low scores in the Big Five dimensions conscientiousness and agreeableness have a higher probability of being unemployed, longer unemployment durations, and experience more status changes between employment and unemployment. Results suggests that personality is an important determinant of women's risk of unemployment, but for men personality is more a matter of job keeping." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Garda, Paula (2017): Enhancing employability and skills to meet labour market needs in Italy. (OECD Economics Department working papers 1401), Paris, 40 S. DOI:10.1787/260deeb4-en

Abstract

"The various deficiencies of the labour market and the educational system have resulted in high unemployment, low labour force participation, low skills levels and high skill mismatch. Job creation is key to tackling the high unemployment rates, especially for the young and long-term unemployed. Promoting jobs without paying attention to their quality and to the skills required by employers may have adverse impact on welfare and productivity. The Jobs Act and Good School ('Buona Scuola'), two major reforms of the labour market and the educational system, are good steps in the right direction. The Jobs Act and the temporary social security contribution exemptions have contributed to raise employment. By strengthening job search and training policies, the Jobs Act can enhance jobseekers' employability. Increasing the effectiveness of public employment services, given the low spending level, remains a challenge. The Good School reform has the potential to improve school outcomes and provide more aligned skills to the job market. Increasing employability by upgrading skills that match employer needs remains a priority. Business involvement in education and training institutions at all educational levels will be paramount to ensure the provision of relevant skills, the availability of traineeship and apprenticeship places and provide on-the-job training. The adaptability of skills could be encouraged by lowering barriers to labour mobility and boosting work-based learning." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Klingert, Isabell & Julia Lenhart (2017): Jobcenter-Strategien zur Arbeitsmarktintegration von Langzeitarbeitslosen. (IAB-Forschungsbericht 03/2017), Nürnberg, 66 S.

Abstract

"Der vorliegende Forschungsbericht befasst sich mit Strategien von Jobcentern, eine möglichst nachhaltige Integration von Langzeitarbeitslosen zu erreichen. Dabei wird den Fragen nachgegangen, wie Jobcenter die Arbeitsmarktchancen von Langzeitarbeitslosen im Grundsicherungssystem einschätzen, wie die Förderung von Langzeitarbeitslosen erfolgt und welche jobcenterspezifischen Wege zur Integration von Langzeitarbeitslosen bestehen. Bei der Beantwortung wird auf qualitative Befragungen von Integrationsfachkräften in sechs Jobcentern zurückgegriffen, die inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet wurden. Im Forschungsbericht werden entsprechende Jobcenter-Strategien mit Blick auf unterschiedliche Typen von Langzeitarbeitslosen herausgearbeitet, die sich durch ihre Nähe zum Arbeitsmarkt unterscheiden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Korunka, Christian & Bettina Kubicek (Hrsg.) (2017): Job demands in a changing world of work. Impact on workers' health and performance and implications for research and practice. Cham: Springer London, 169 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-54678-0

Abstract

"This book examines the new ways of working and their impact on employees' well-being and performance that have resulted from a changed world of work. It concentrates on job demands and flexible work emanating from current economic and organizational change, and assesses impact on workers' health and performance. The development of issues such as globalization, rapid technological advances, new management practices, organizational changes and new job skills are addressed. This book gives an overview and discusses the potential negative and positive effects of such new job demands and new forms of work." (Publisher information, © Springer) ((en))

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Kruppe, Thomas, Ute Leber & Britta Matthes (2017): Sicherung der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit in Zeiten des digitalen Umbruchs. (IAB-Stellungnahme 07/2017), Nürnberg, 13 S.

Abstract

"Zur Vorbereitung des Jahresgutachtens 2017/18 des Sachverständigenrats zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung wurde das IAB um seine Expertise zur Diskussion über weitere Korrekturen der Agenda 2010 gebeten. Das IAB äußerte sich im Herbst 2017 zu den Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung auf die Arbeitswelt und zu den damit verbundenen künftigen Anforderungen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt sowie zur Rolle der Bildung und Weiterbildung zur Sicherung der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit. Das IAB ging dabei auf die Bedeutung von betrieblicher und öffentlich geförderter Weiterbildung sowie auf Voraussetzungen und mögliche Instrumente ein, um ein angemessenes Weiterbildungsangebot zu gewährleisten. Die Erkenntnisse hierzu werden in der vorliegenden Stellungnahme zusammengefasst." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Petrovski, Erik, Sofie Dencker-Larsen & Anders Holm (2017): The effect of volunteer work on employability. A study with Danish survey and administrative register data. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 33, H. 3, S. 349-367. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcx050

Abstract

"In addition to benefiting others, volunteer work is argued to supply volunteers themselves with skills, reputation, and social connections that increase overall employability. We test this hypothesized causal link between volunteer work and employability with a high-quality 2012 Danish survey sample of 1,867 individuals of working age. The survey data are linked to administrative registers containing individual-level data on unemployment. A combination of detailed controls, lagged dependent variables, and instrumental variable regression is used to determine cause and effect. Our findings show that performing volunteer work does not statistically significantly affect the risk or rate of unemployment for the typical individual on the labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Brötzmann, Nina, Kathrin Marie Schlenker & Anita Tisch (2016): Dimensionen von Beschäftigungsfähigkeit aus Sicht von Rehabilitandinnen und Rehabilitanden. In: Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund (Hrsg.) (2016): Gesundheitssystem im Wandel - Perspektiven der Rehabilitation : 25. Rehabilitationswissenschaftliches Kolloquium Deutscher Kongress für Rehabilitationsforschung vom 29. Februar bis 2. März 2016 in Aachen. Tagungsband (DRV-Schriften, 109), S. 256-258, 2015-12-21.

Abstract

"Das Evaluationsprojekt Leistungen zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben (LTA) untersucht die von der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) angebotenen Leistungen zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben hinsichtlich ihrer Auswirkungen auf Erwerbsintegration, Beschäftigungsfähigkeit und soziale Teilhabe. Der vorliegende Beitrag präsentiert die Ergebnisse der qualitativen Teilstudie des Projekts im Rahmen der Untersuchung der Dimensionen von Beschäftigungsfähigkeit." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Eppel, Rainer, Thomas Leoni & Helmut Mahringer (2016): Österreich 2025 - Gesundheit und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit. Status quo und Reformperspektiven. In: Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung. Monatsberichte, Jg. 89, H. 11, S. 785-798.

Abstract

"Gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigungen bilden für viele Erwerbspersonen, insbesondere Arbeitslose und Ältere, eine große Hürde bei der Arbeitsmarktintegration. Durch die Verlängerung der Erwerbskarriere sowie aufgrund der steigenden Anforderungen an Flexibilität und Leistungsfähigkeit der Arbeitskräfte wird die gesundheitliche Dimension der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit in Zukunft weiter an Bedeutung gewinnen. Um dieser Herausforderung gewachsen zu sein, braucht Österreich eine effektive Gesamtstrategie zur Förderung der Arbeitsfähigkeit und zur Handhabe von Arbeitsunfähigkeit. Eine Analyse der derzeitigen Situation im Lichte internationaler Erfahrungen macht Handlungsbedarf sichtbar, vor allem in Bezug auf den Ausbau von Frühinterventionen, die bessere Abstimmung zwischen den Schnittstellen und Akteuren sowie eine stärkere Einbindung der Betriebe und der Ärzteschaft in die Prävention und Reintegration.
Das Forschungsprogramm 'Österreich 2025' wird von Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Innovation und Technologie, Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft, Österreichischer Nationalbank, Klima- und Energiefonds, Bundesministerium für Arbeit, Soziales und Konsumentenschutz und Hannes Androsch Stiftung bei der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften finanziell unterstützt. Einzelne Projekte finanziert durch die Bundesarbeitskammer, das Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft, die Landwirtschaftskammer Österreich und die Wirtschaftskammer Österreich werden ebenfalls im Rahmen des Forschungsprogramms abgewickelt." (Autorenreferat, © WIFO - Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung)

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Guilbert, Laure, Jean-Luc Bernaud, Brice Gouvernet & Jerome Rossier (2016): Employability: review and research prospects. In: International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, Jg. 16, H. 1, S. 69-89. DOI:10.1007/s10775-015-9288-4

Abstract

"Professional transition, employment, and reemployment are major concerns for nations facing adverse economic situations. The employability construct represents a scientific challenge in order to better understand the relationship between the job seekers' issues and the expectations of the world of work. This paper presents a review of the concept of employability. Three main perspectives (educational and governmental, organizational, and individual) that are not exclusive can be identified. This review highlights the importance of adopting a systemic integrative approach and a wider interpretation of employability. A research agenda to develop the theory and applications of the concept of employability is proposed." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Maggiori, Christian, Jérôme Rossier, Franciska Krings, Claire S. Johnston & Koorosh Massoudi (2016): Career Pathways and Professional Transitions: Preliminary Results from the First Wave of a 7-Year Longitudinal Study. In: M. Oris, C. Roberts, D. Joye & M. E. Stähli (Hrsg.) (2016): Surveying Human Vulnerabilities across the Life Course, S. 131-157. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-24157-9_6

Abstract

"The main purpose of this chapter is to present and to discuss the implementation and the main methodological characteristics, notably in terms of design and research protocol, sampling and data collection procedure via a mixed-mode approach, of our 7-year longitudinal study on professional trajectories. More specifically, adopting several psychological perspectives, this study addresses professional transitions and career pathways and personal experiences – particularly in terms of well-being – of employed and unemployed middle-aged adults (25–55 years) living in Switzerland. Furthermore, based on the first wave of data (N = 2469), we introduce some results concerning, amongst others, the predictors of the choice of the mode to complete the questionnaire and of the intention to participate in the next wave, and possible differences on vulnerability indicators with reference to personal characteristics, resources and professional situation. Finally, considering the procedure implemented and the results emerging from this first wave, we discuss several implications and challenges for the next waves." (Author's abstract, © Springer) ((en))

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Souto-Otero, Manuel & Robin Shields (2016): The investment model of volunteering in the EU-27 countries. Volunteering, skills development and employability. A multi-level analysis. In: European Societies, Jg. 18, H. 5, S. 487-513. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2016.1228991

Abstract

"This article contributes to a better understanding of the social acceptance of the investment model of volunteering, that is, the view that volunteering can enhance employability through the development of professionally relevant knowledge and competences. Based on the analysis of Eurobarometer data, the article explores (1) the prevalence of the investment model of volunteering in the EU-27 countries and the extent to which this varies between individuals with the potential to make hiring decisions (IHP) and the general population, (2) the demographic factors associated with the acceptance of this model, (3) whether national differences in the acceptance of the model are better explained by variation between countries or cross-national demographic factors and (4) whether national institutional characteristics related to the competitiveness of the national labour market, the specificity of the education system, the strength of the continuing vocational training system and cultural factors influence acceptance. The results show that the acceptance of the investment model of volunteering is relatively widespread in Europe and that variation in the acceptance of the investment model among the general population is driven by both individual (age and class) and between-country differences (related to the strength of training for unemployed people), but variation is more attributable to differences between countries than cross-national demographic groups. IHP, on the other hand, tend to be more homogenous in their acceptance of the investment model than the general population." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Berglund, Tomas & Ylva Wallinder (2015): Perceived employability in difficult economic times. The significance of education systems and labour market policies. In: European Societies, Jg. 17, H. 5, S. 674-699. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2015.1120879

Abstract

"This paper focuses on current European employment policy, promoting the individual's responsibility for remaining employable. Within this supply-oriented framework, general political responsibilities of both increasing the demand for labour and facilitating the development of human capital through training and education opportunities are less emphasized than the individual's own responsibility to remain attractive for employers. In an analysis of perceived opportunities among European employees, we argue that the concept of 'employment security' can lift the individualized perspective on employability skills and attributes to a more structural and institutional perspective. To enhance individuals' chances of finding a job, educational and lifelong learning policies and active labour market measures are believed to be important factors, besides general demand in the labour market. Through multi-level modelling, we analyse the significance of individual and contextual factors on employees' perception of their chances in the labour market. The data used are from the European Social Survey (2010), including data from 21 countries. Our results indicate that employability cannot solely be regarded as an individual phenomenon relying on individual characteristics. We also need to focus on the institutional context enabling the individual to remain in employment in the existing mobile and risky labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Brouwer, S., R.H. Bakker & J.M.H. Schellekens (2015): Predictors for re-employment success in newly unemployed. A prospective cohort study. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 89, H. August, S. 32-38. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2015.04.001

Abstract

"The aim of the present study was to examine which personal and situational factors affect reemployment success in persons in their first year of unemployment. In a prospective cohort study with a one-year follow-up, we investigated a sample of 3618 subjects who became unemployed. A survey was sent to all participants, including personal and situational factors, based on Wanberg's model, the Theory of Planned Behavior model and the Valence - Instrumentality - Expectancy model. Our results showed that ten key-factors predicted re-employment success in the first year after becoming unemployed. Knowing these factors, and in particular those which are amenable to change through any intervention program, may help to develop effective intervention strategies for those who facilitate reemployment in order to shorten the duration of unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Canduela, Jesus, Colin Lindsay, Robert Raeside & Helen Graham (2015): Employability, poverty and the spheres of sociability. Evidence from the British Household Panel Survey. In: Social policy and administration, Jg. 49, H. 5, S. 571-592. DOI:10.1111/spol.12101

Abstract

"Policymakers in the UK and beyond have sought to promote interventions to encourage social capital-building among disadvantaged groups. One specific concern is that those with limited access to social capital/social network relationships will be at greater risk of experiencing both unemployment and poverty. By analyzing longitudinal data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), we seek to identify significant relationships between poverty and the likelihood of entering employment, and different measures of 'sociability' and social isolation. Crucially, we discuss if and how measures of sociability/social isolation are associated with jobseekers' varying chances of exiting and re-entering work and how this varies with their experience of poverty. These issues are important because if sociability impacts on the likelihood of entering employment from a state of worklessness, then policymakers need to understand how cycles of social and labour market exclusion are associated with the rates of entering employment in order to develop effective interventions to improve jobseekers' employability and combat poverty. Following an analysis of BHPS data, we identify lessons for policy for combating long-term unemployment and promoting social inclusion." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Forrier, Anneleen, Marijke Verbruggen & Nele de Cuyper (2015): Integrating different notions of employability in a dynamic chain. The relationship between job transitions, movement capital and perceived employability. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 89, H. August, S. 56-64. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2015.04.007

Abstract

"This study connects different notions of employability with the ultimate aim to arrive at integration of a research field that has been criticized for being fragmented and fuzzy. We define employability as 'an individual's chance of a job in the internal and/or external labor market'. Employability research assesses employability differently, looking at the realization of this chance (i.e., job transitions), personal strengths that increase this chance (i.e., movement capital) and appraisals of this chance (i.e., perceived employability). We hypothesize and establish in a two-wave sample of 643 Belgian (Dutch-speaking) employees that these different notions of employability form a dynamic chain, so that job transitions promote movement capital, which then affects perceived employability and ultimately feeds back to job transitions. Furthermore, we found that the internal labor market versus the external labor market are important foci in employability research since internal and external job transitions were found to relate differently to the other notions of employability." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Grünert, Holle & Christina Buchwald (2015): Unterstützungsangebot für junge Langzeitarbeitslose auf dem Weg in den ersten Arbeitsmarkt. Erfahrungen aus einem Integrationsprojekt in Dresden und Meißen. In: Berufsbildung in Wissenschaft und Praxis, Jg. 44, H. 2, S. 42-45.

Abstract

"Die Lage am Arbeitsmarkt hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren positiv entwickelt, die Nachfrage nach qualifizierten Fachkräften ist gestiegen, die Zahl der Arbeitslosen gesunken. Allerdings profitieren nicht alle Personengruppen gleichermaßen vom Aufschwung am Arbeitsmarkt. Vor allem unter den Arbeitslosen aus dem Rechtskreis des SGB II gibt es eine fatale Tendenz zur Verstetigung von Exklusion. Dies ist besonders problematisch, wenn die Exklusion vom Arbeitsmarkt junge Menschen am Beginn ihrer Erwerbsbiografie trifft. Im Beitrag wird das Pilotprojekt 'ZIEL - Zielgerichtete Integration junger Langzeitarbeitsloser' in Sachsen vorgestellt und untersucht, welchen Beitrag es leisten kann, den Teufelskreis von Arbeitslosigkeit, Verlust an Beschäftigungsfähigkeit und Qualifikationsverschleiß zu durchbrechen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Hasselhorn, Hans-Martin & Wenke Apt (Hrsg.) (2015): Understanding employment participation of older workers. Creating a knowledge base for future labour market challenges. Berlin, 118 S.

Abstract

"In allen Ländern Europas steigt die durchschnittliche Lebenserwartung und der Anteil älterer Menschen nimmt deutlich zu. Obwohl dieser demografische Wandel mit einer allgemeinen Verbesserung der Gesundheit einhergeht, erreicht nur eine Minderheit älterer Arbeitnehmer das gesetzliche Renteneintrittsalter im Beruf.
Die Europäische Programm-Initiative 'More Years, Better Lives' (JPI MYBL) hat zur Beantwortung der Frage 'Warum arbeiten manche Menschen im höheren Erwerbsalter und andere nicht?' eine Gruppe von 46 Wissenschaftlern aus 11 Ländern beauftragt, hierzu den aktuellen Forschungsbedarf zu identifizieren. Damit sollte anstehenden Forschungsförderungsaktivitäten zugearbeitet werden. Dieser Bericht legt die wichtigsten Ergebnisse vor.
Die interdisziplinäre JPI UEP Arbeitsgruppe hat das umfassende 'lidA-Denkmodell' zur Analyse der Einflussfaktoren für einen frühen Rückzug aus dem Arbeitsmarkt beziehungsweise bei verlängerter Erwerbstätigkeit genutzt. Basierend darauf wurde der Forschungsstand bestimmt und der Forschungsbedarf abgeleitet.
Zielgruppen dieses Berichtes sind demnach Forscher, Forschungsförderer sowie Entscheidungsträger in der Sozial- und Arbeitsmarktpolitik, die sich mit Teilhabe älterer Arbeitnehmer am Arbeitsmarkt beschäftigen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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(2015): New perspectives on health, disability, welfare and the labour market. Special issue. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 49, H. 2, S. 139-298.

Abstract

"More than 2.4 million people of working age in the UK are out of work and claiming 'incapacity' or disability benefits (DBs). Reducing the high levels of benefit claiming among those with health limitations and disabilities has been a priority for successive governments (Lindsay and Houston 2013). Other countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), ranging from Sweden, with its 'social democratic' welfare state (Hagelund and Bryngelson 2014), to the 'liberal' USA also report high rates of disability claiming, and have similarly prioritized measures to bring down welfare rolls (Milligan 2012). Given this context, policy debates have focused an both reforms to the administration of DBs and the content of targeted activation (Bannink 2014).

There is a need for continuing interdisciplinary research an the nature of the 'disability benefits problem' and the efficacy of current policy solutions and public services. This Special Issue brings together researchers who seek to explore the distinctive, yet interrelated, elements of die problems faced by disability claimants, and evaluate related policies and services." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Moczall, Andreas & Martina Rebien (2015): Einschätzung der Ein-Euro-Jobs durch die Einsatzbetriebe: Auf den Zweck kommt es an. (IAB-Kurzbericht 23/2015), Nürnberg, 8 S.

Abstract

"Ein-Euro-Jobs sollen Teilnehmer an den Arbeitsmarkt heranführen und ihre Beschäftigungsfähigkeit erhalten oder wieder herstellen. Auch wenn die Teilnahme an der Maßnahme nicht unmittelbar in sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung führt, soll sie doch mittelbar die Chancen auf eine Beschäftigung am ersten Arbeitsmarkt verbessern. Dieser Kurzbericht zeigt, wie Betriebe, die Ein-Euro-Jobber beschäftigen, die Maßnahme und die Teilnehmer bewerten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Peters, Pascale & Willem Lam (2015): Can employability do the trick? Revealing paradoxical tensions and responses in the process of adopting innovative employability enhancing policies and practices in organizations. In: Zeitschrift für Personalforschung, Jg. 29, H. 3/4, S. 235-258. DOI:10.1177/239700221502900305

Abstract

"This study uses a 'paradox lens' to contribute to employability debates in HRM by examining the effectiveness of employability enhancing policies and practices (hereafter EP&Ps) in three case organizations. We identify three organizing paradoxes reflecting the complexities of the Dutch economic, political and socio-cultural contexts. In line with the EP&Ps' competing goals, we label these: the '(inverted) flexibility/commitment paradox'; 'self-management/(human-resource) management paradox'; and the 'sustainability/effectiveness and efficiency paradox'. We further analyse how their underlying paradoxical tensions spill over and create role-performance, belonging and learning paradoxical tensions at the micro-level and how these cumulatively impact managers' and employees' responses to EP&Ps. We then explore how HRM tries to actively go beyond 'reinforcing paradox cycles' by creating awareness and stimulating contextual change to foster the wider adoption of EP&Ps. In conclusion, we argue that the paradox lens can inform HRM scholars and labour market stakeholders to search for innovative ways to study and govern contemporary employability issues." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Schütt, Petra, Sabine Pfeiffer & Tobias Ritter (2015): Organisationales Arbeitsvermögen. Eine wichtige Dimension für die nachhaltige Integration in eine Arbeitsorganisation. In: Forum Arbeit H. 4, S. 10-16.

Abstract

Die Autoren erachten das organisationale Arbeitsvermögen als wesentlich für die nachhaltige berufliche Reintegration von Langzeitarbeitslosen. Dabei fokussiert das Konzept des Arbeitsvermögens auf informelle und implizite, habituelle und körpergebundene Fähigkeiten, die sich sowohl im fachlichen Umgang mit Arbeitsmitteln als auch in sozialen Beziehungen mit Kunden, Kollegen und Vorgesetzen zeigen. Dabei erweist sich die Erwerbsorganisation als zentrale Aneignungsstruktur für Arbeitsvermögen. Verdeutlicht wird dies auf der Grundlage einer qualitativen Befragung von Langzeitarbeitslosen, die über einen Zeitraum von 2005 bis 2011 begleitet wurden. Dabei ging es vor allem darum, welche Kompetenzen für eine dauerhafte Eingliederung in eine Erwerbsorganisation erforderlich sind. Es zeigt sich, dass das organisationale Arbeitsvermögen von enormer Bedeutung ist für die Fähigkeit, eine Organisation auf verschiedenen Ebenen zu 'lernen', zu verstehen, zu gestalten und letztlich in ihr zu verbleiben. (IAB)

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Tisch, Anita (2015): The employability of older job-seekers. Evidence from Germany. In: The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Jg. 6, H. December, S. 102-112., 2014-07-18. DOI:10.1016/j.jeoa.2014.07.001

Abstract

"Encouraged by the European Employment Strategy, the German government, like many other European governments, promotes individual employability as an instrument to improve the persistently low employment prospects of older job-seekers in the labour market. However, ageing is only rarely discussed in contemporary employability approaches. This article includes various employability approaches and empirically tests the commonly used dimensions of employability in actual labour market prospects with respect to older job-seekers (>50 years of age). Many dimensions of employability are found to vary by age, and older job-seekers can be described as disadvantaged with regard to certain dimensions. However, disadvantages in 'classical' employability factors cannot fully explain the comparatively poor labour market prospects of older job-seekers. This article shows that older job-seekers in Germany are less likely to transit from unemployment to employment, even after controlling for employability factors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Tisch, Anita (2015): Firms' contribution to the internal and external employability of older employees. Evidence from Germany. In: European journal of ageing, Jg. 12, H. 1, S. 29-38., 2014-09-26. DOI:10.1007/s10433-014-0323-y

Abstract

"In the examination of older employees' employability, one can distinguish between internal and external employability. Internal employability can be measured by individual employment stability, and external employability occurs when employees replace one employment relationship with another. Most studies focus on the personal skills and characteristics that are necessary to maintain employability. However, external factors also contribute to individual employability. Therefore, this study examines which organisational attributes of firms contribute to older employees' employability in Germany. Taking firm and individual characteristics into account, the results of discrete-time survival models show that in specific organisational structures, older employees have higher internal employability. Accordingly, older employees are more likely to maintain employment in the service sector and in recruiting organisations facing (skilled) labour shortages. However, the results also indicate that financially investing organisations facilitate early labour market exits. With regard to older employees' external employability, the results show only little evidence indicating an association between organisational attributes of firms and the likelihood of job change." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Eichhorst, Werner (2014): Beschäftigungsfähigkeit als ein zentraler Faktor eines längeren Erwerbslebens. (IZA Standpunkte 64), Bonn, 15 S.

Abstract

"Angesichts des demographischen Wandels wird es immer wichtiger, dass sich Unternehmen und Erwerbstätige auf ein längeres Erwerbsleben einstellen. Eine höhere Beschäftigungsquote älterer Arbeitskräfte und ein späterer Renteneintritt erlauben die Mobilisierung von dringend benötigten Arbeitskräfte- und Fachkräftepotenzialen. Dies wird umso besser gelingen, je mehr auf Pflege und Entwicklung der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Lebensverlauf geachtet wird, sowohl durch Aus- und Weiterbildung als auch durch die Gestaltung von Arbeitsbedingungen und Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten, die ein längeres, gesünderes und produktiveres Erwerbsleben erlauben. Im nachfolgenden Text sollen die wesentlichen Herausforderungen aufgezeigt und Lösungsansätze vorgestellt werden, die Politik, Sozialpartner, Betriebe und Beschäftigte gleichermaßen angehen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Guerra, Nancy, Kathryn Modecki & Wendy Cunningham (2014): Developing social-emotional skills for the labor market. The PRACTICE model. (Policy research working paper 7123), Washington, DC, 53 S.

Abstract

"Although there is a general agreement in the literature of the importance of social-emotional skills for labor market success, there is little consensus on the specific skills that should be acquired or how and when to teach them. The psychology, economics, policy research, and program implementation literatures all touch on these issues, but they are not sufficiently integrated to provide policy direction. The objective of this paper is to provide a coherent framework and related policies and programs that bridge the psychology, economics, and education literature, specifically that related to skills employers value, non-cognitive skills that predict positive labor market outcomes, and skills targeted by psycho-educational prevention and intervention programs. The paper uses as its base a list of social-emotional skills that employers value, classifies these into eight subgroups (summarized by PRACTICE), then uses the psychology literature -- drawing from the concepts of psycho-social and neuro-biological readiness and age-appropriate contexts -- to map the age and context in which each skill subset is developed. The paper uses examples of successful interventions to illustrate the pedagogical process. The paper concludes that the social-emotional skills employers value can be effectively taught when aligned with the optimal stage for each skill development, middle childhood is the optimal stage for development of PRACTICE skills, and a broad international evidence base on effective program interventions at the right stage can guide policy makers to incorporate social-emotional learning into their school curriculum." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kirves, Kaisa, Ulla Kinnunen, Nele de Cuyper & Anne Mäkikangas (2014): Trajectories of perceived employability and their associations with well-being at work. A three-wave study. In: Journal of personnel psychology, Jg. 13, H. 1, S. 46-57. DOI:10.1027/1866-5888/a000103

Abstract

"The first aim of this study was to identify trajectories of perceived employability (PE) with a longitudinal person-centered approach, accounting for both the level of PE and changes in PE. The second aim was to examine how the trajectories were related to well-being at work (i.e., vigor at work, job satisfaction, and job exhaustion) with a variable-centered approach. The data were collected in two Finnish universities (N = 926) during 2008 - 2010 with three measurement points. Growth Mixture Modeling identified four trajectories, which differed in level, stability, and change in PE across time: we established two trajectories with stable PE (88% of the participants), and two trajectories with a nonlinear change pattern in PE (12%). Furthermore, variable-centered analyses showed that the level of PE was positively associated with wellbeing at work. Moreover, in one change trajectory, the increase in PE was associated with an increase in vigor at work. Overall, these results indicate that PE can be seen as a personal resource. However, the effect of PE is minor in terms of change in employee well-being among highly educated employees." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Marx, Paul (2014): The effect of job insecurity and employability on preferences for redistribution in Western Europe. In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 24, H. 4, S. 351-366. DOI:10.1177/0958928714538217

Abstract

"This article sheds light on the so far under-researched effect of subjective job insecurity on social policy preferences and the moderating role of employability. Using pooled individual-level data from the European Social Survey for workers from 11 Western European countries, it shows that subjective job insecurity does increase demand for redistribution. This effect is conditional upon employability perceptions, that is, expectations about future employment prospects. The impact of job insecurity on redistribution is strongest for workers who fear long-term unemployment. The findings do not seem to be driven by underlying political belief systems as they are robust in a reduced sample of centrist non-partisan workers. While the results confirm the hypothesised repercussions of labour-market flexibility on the individual level, aggregate effects should not be exaggerated, since the segment of workers exposed to job insecurity and low employability at the same time is rather small." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Koen, Jessie, Ute-Christine Klehe & Annelies E.M. Van Vianen (2013): Employability among the long-term unemployed. A futile quest or worth the effort? In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 82, H. 1, S. 37-48. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2012.11.001

Abstract

"Unemployment bears many negative consequences for both individuals and societies. Particularly the long-term unemployed face poor chances of finding reemployment, and many recommendations issued in the regular unemployment literature may not apply to them. Therefore, the current study investigates whether employability (Fugate et al., 2004) may help finding reemployment among those who have been unemployed for years. Specifically, we examine whether employability can foster job search and the chance on finding reemployment above and beyond the barriers that long-term-unemployed people so often face. Additionally, we investigate whether reemployment interventions can contribute to long-term unemployed people's employability. The present study assessed long-term unemployed people's employability at two points in time (nT1=2541, nT2=897). Results show that employability fosters job search and the chance on finding reemployment among long-term unemployed people, although not all employability dimensions contributed equally to job search and reemployment. Moreover, reemployment interventions contributed to people's development of employability, although the effects were relatively small. Taken together, our study demonstrates the significant role of employability in the reemployment process, thereby extending the notion of employability from active members of the workforce to the long-term unemployed. We discuss that reemployment research and practice should focus on longterm unemployed people's employability, and that reemployment services should take a more person-centered approach in helping them to find reemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Becker, Carsten, Sina Goldkamp & Daniela Kroos (2012): Mobilität - Kompetenzzuwachs für Benachteiligte. LEONARDO DA VINCI Mobilität fördert Kompetenzzuwachs und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit von Benachteiligten in der Berufsausbildung. (Impuls 44), Bonn, 120 S.

Abstract

"2011 gab die Nationale Agentur Bildung für Europa beim Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung (BIBB) eine Studie zum Thema 'Grenzüberschreitende Mobilität bei sozial benachteiligten Jugendlichen in der Berufsausbildung - Kompetenzerwerb und besonderer Nutzen der Auslandserfahrung' in Auftrag. Zielgruppe der Studie waren Auszubildende der Berufsausbildung in außerbetrieblichen Einrichtungen (BAE), die während ihrer Ausbildung einen Lernaufenthalt im Ausland absolviert hatten.
Ziel der Studie war es, den Erwerb personaler und sozialer Kompetenzen sowie deren Wirkung auf die Beschäftigungsfähigkeit von benachteiligten Jugendlichen zu ermitteln. Auch wurde untersucht, ob Auslandsaufenthalte für benachteiligte Auszubildende bei der Vermittlung in Beschäftigung nützlich sind. Zudem wurden die Rahmenbedingungen für die erfolgreiche Durchführung der Mobilitätsprojekte mit Benachteiligten erforscht und Handlungsempfehlungen entwickelt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)