Unternehmensgründungen durch Migrantinnen und Migranten
Die berufliche Selbstständigkeit von Migrantinnen und Migranten trägt zu deren gesellschaftlicher Integration bei und schafft neue Erwerbsmöglichkeiten. Während die Gründungsaktivitäten in Deutschland insgesamt auf einem - im europäischen Vergleich - niedrigen Niveau verbleiben, gründen Migrantinnen und Migranten häufiger ein Unternehmen als Einheimische. Die von Migrantinnen und Migranten gegründeten Unternehmen unterscheiden sich auch strukturell von denjenigen Unternehmen, die von Einheimischen gegründet werden und auch die Motivation, ein Unternehmen zu gründen, ist oft eine andere als bei einheimischen Gründerinnen und Gründern.
Die Infoplattform bietet wissenschaftliche Literatur zu den empirischen Befunden zur beruflichen Selbstständigkeit von Migrantinnen und Migranten in Deutschland und im europäischen Ausland.
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Literaturhinweis
Participating or not? Characteristics of female entrepreneurs participating in and completing an entrepreneurial training program (2018)
Iacovone, Leonardo; Calderón, Gabriela; MacGregor, Cristina;Zitatform
Iacovone, Leonardo, Gabriela Calderón & Cristina MacGregor (2018): Participating or not? Characteristics of female entrepreneurs participating in and completing an entrepreneurial training program. In: AEA papers and proceedings, Jg. 108, S. 246-251. DOI:10.1257/pandp.20181023
Abstract
"Who are the female entrepreneurs who end up starting and completing entrepreneurial training programs? In this paper, relying on a large set of baseline characteristics collected before the entrepreneurs are selected into an entrepreneurial training program in Mexico, we analyze how the women entrepreneurs who complete the training program differ from those who do not take it up, as well as how those who take it up but drop off before completing differ from those who do not even start. We uncover large differences in performance and non-cognitive skills but no differences in inputs used." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Immigration and new firm formation - evidence from a quasi-experimental setting in Germany (2018)
Zitatform
Jahn, Vera & Max Friedrich Steinhardt (2018): Immigration and new firm formation - evidence from a quasi-experimental setting in Germany. (Ruhr economic papers 787), Essen, 28 S.
Abstract
"This paper analyzes in how far immigration affects firm formation at the regional level. For this purpose, we exploit a placement policy in Germany in the 1990s for immigrants of German origin from Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Our panel regressions suggest that immigration had a positive impact on regional firm formation. The most likely mechanisms driving this result are labor supply-side effects and positive implications of cultural diversity. Overall, our paper demonstrates that immigration induced changes in local labor supply can partially be absorbed by the creation of firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Socioeconomic success of Asian immigrants in the United States (2018)
Lueck, Kerstin;Zitatform
Lueck, Kerstin (2018): Socioeconomic success of Asian immigrants in the United States. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 44, H. 3, S. 425-438. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2017.1320940
Abstract
"It was the aim of this study to explore the effects of social, cultural, and transnational factors on the socioeconomic success (SES) of Asian immigrants in the United States. The participants in this study were 1371 Chinese, Vietnamese, Filipinos, and other Asian immigrants who were interviewed with computer-assisted software in Mandarin, Cantonese, Tagalog, Vietnamese, and English. The subcategory 'other Asians' consisted of Koreans, Japanese, Asian Indians, and individuals of other Asian backgrounds. Results showed that Chinese had a 56% higher probability of SES than other Asians. Men had an approximately 49% higher probability of SES than women due to gender hierarchies and disparities. SES increases for every unit increase in English language proficiency, native language proficiency, social networks, and parental education. Asians who migrated to the United States between the ages of 18 and 34 have an approximately 102% higher chance of SES than a person who migrated after the age of 35." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Immigrant entrepreneurship in America: evidence from the survey of business owners 2007 & 2012 (2018)
Pekkala, Sari; Kerr, William R.;Zitatform
Pekkala, Sari & William R. Kerr (2018): Immigrant entrepreneurship in America: evidence from the survey of business owners 2007 & 2012. (NBER working paper 24494), Cambrige, Mass., 40 S. DOI:10.3386/w24494
Abstract
"We study immigrant entrepreneurship and firm ownership in 2007 and 2012 using the Survey of Business Owners (SBO). The survival and growth of immigrant-owned businesses over time relative to native-founded companies is evaluated by linking the 2007 SBO to the Longitudinal Business Database (LBD). We quantify the dependency of the United States as a whole, as well as individual states, on the contributions of immigrant entrepreneurs in terms of firm formation and job creation. We describe differences in the types of businesses started by immigrants and the quality of jobs created by their firms. First-generation immigrants create about 25% of new firms in the United States, but this share exceeds 40% in some states. In addition, Asian and Hispanic second-generation immigrants start about 6% of new firms. Immigrant-owned firms, on average, create fewer jobs than native-owned firms, but much of this is explained by the industry and geographic location of the firms. Immigrant-owned firms pay comparable wages, conditional on firm traits, to native-owned firms, but are less likely to offer benefits." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Forced migrants: labour market integration and entrepreneurship (2018)
Sak, Güven; Kenanoglu, Murat; Kaymaz, Timur; Kadkoy, Omar;Zitatform
Sak, Güven, Timur Kaymaz, Omar Kadkoy & Murat Kenanoglu (2018): Forced migrants. Labour market integration and entrepreneurship. In: Economics. The open-access, open-assessment e-journal, Jg. 12, S. 1-13. DOI:10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2018-32
Abstract
"In 2015, worldwide forced displacement was at its highest recorded level, surpassing 65 million. Out of this number, nearly 20 million people are those who fled their countries of origin to seek refuge in third countries. International responsibility sharing in terms of hosting the historical levels of refugee flows has so far been inadequate. Today, lower- and upper-middle income countries host 65 percent of the world's refugees, mostly in urban settings. Whereas refugee camps provide access to basic needs such as shelter, food and healthcare, displaced individuals living in urban settings have to sustain their needs through their own means. In turn, this requires access to labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: Economics. Discussion papers , 2017-61 -
Literaturhinweis
Entrepreneurship by immigrants: A review of existing literature and directions for future research (2018)
Sheer, Ratan J.S.;Zitatform
Sheer, Ratan J.S. (2018): Entrepreneurship by immigrants: A review of existing literature and directions for future research. In: International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Jg. 14, H. 3, S. 555-614. DOI:10.1007/s11365-018-0506-7
Abstract
"The topic of immigrant entrepreneurship has gained considerable attention in social and policy circles around the world. Likewise, research on it has grown significantly over the past few decades, with studies examining the micro-, meso-, and macro-level antecedents and consequences of this phenomenon. While contributing to our knowledge, this growth in literature has also created complexity within this domain. As such, there is a need to take stock of current research. In the present study, I advance in this direction. I delineate the boundaries and outline the contributions of immigrant entrepreneurship research to the field of entrepreneurship. Thereafter, based on a comprehensive review of 69 studies published between 1980 and 2016 in journals across multiple disciplines, I develop a framework to integrate findings within this domain. Finally, I identify gaps and advance suggestions for future research. It is hoped that these steps will provide a clear vision of common research ground on which to build theory, identify assumptions, develop meaningful research questions and establish the ontological and epistemological base of this domain." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Transnational entrepreneurial activities: A qualitative network study of self-employed migrants from the former Soviet Union in Germany (2018)
Zitatform
Sommer, Elena & Markus Gamper (2018): Transnational entrepreneurial activities: A qualitative network study of self-employed migrants from the former Soviet Union in Germany. In: Social Networks, Jg. 53, H. May, S. 136-147. DOI:10.1016/j.socnet.2017.04.007
Abstract
"During their careers, migrant entrepreneurs may get involved in different types of transnational entrepreneurial activities and use their social capital to activate transnational business-related ties. Based on content analysis of semi-structured interviews and networks maps with self-employed migrants from the former Soviet Union in Germany this study identified four empirically grounded types of migrant transnational entrepreneurial activities and analysed transnational networking strategies for each type. The study demonstrates that different types of social capital are mobilised for different types of transnational business strategies, with intensive transnational entrepreneurial activities requiring larger pre-existing networks in the country of origin of both strong and weak ties, that are gradually extended, while a more limited set of mostly informal weak ties suffice for more sporadic transnational activities in the country of origin. Transnational entrepreneurial activities with other countries or with multiple countries, on the other hand, involved a more formal network of relationships." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The culturally contingent meaning of entrepreneurship: mixed embeddedness and co-ethnic ties (2018)
Szkudlarek, Betina; Wu, Shou Xin;Zitatform
Szkudlarek, Betina & Shou Xin Wu (2018): The culturally contingent meaning of entrepreneurship. Mixed embeddedness and co-ethnic ties. In: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, Jg. 30, H. 5/6, S. 585-611. DOI:10.1080/08985626.2018.1432701
Abstract
"This study employs phenomenography to investigate the role of embeddedness in business venturing of migrant and ethnic entrepreneurs. By focusing on two culturally distinct groups, operating in the same micro-economic context, we show the ways in which embeddedness impacts the perceptions and subsequent enactment of business venturing. Our findings demonstrate that, despite physical proximity and similar socio-economic context, the investigated communities predominantly employ their co-ethnic norms, assumptions and frames of reference to makes sense of and act upon entrepreneurial opportunities. These findings expand the mixed embeddedness literature by exploring how co-ethnic sensemaking frames persist within culturally distinct communities, despite years of co-existence within the same socio-economic context. Moreover, our study reveals how co-ethnic structures can successfully substitute institutional arrangements traditionally provided by the host-country environment. By reflecting upon the practice of entrepreneuring and entrepreneurial sensemaking, our findings point towards the importance of language and interpretative methods for theory development." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Self-employment as a stepping stone to better labour market matching: a comparison between immigrants and natives (2018)
Zitatform
Ulceluse, Magdalena (2018): Self-employment as a stepping stone to better labour market matching. A comparison between immigrants and natives. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 219), Maastricht, 29 S.
Abstract
"The paper investigates whether self-employment represents a way to reduce overeducation and improve labour market matching, in a comparative analysis between immigrants and natives. Using the EU Labour Force Survey for the year 2012, and controlling for a list of demographic characteristics and general characteristics of 30 destination countries, I find that the likelihood of being overeducated decreases for self-employed immigrants, with inconclusive results for self-employed natives. The results shed light on the extent to which immigrants adjust to labour market imperfections and barriers to employment and might help explain the higher incidence of self-employment that immigrants exhibit, when compared to natives. This is the first study to systematically study the nexus between overeducation and self-employment in a comparative framework. Moreover, the paper tests the robustness of the results by employing two different measures of overeducation, contributing to the literature of the measurement of overeducation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Negotiating class, femininity and career: Latin American migrant women entrepreneurs in Spain (2018)
Zitatform
Villares-Varela, María (2018): Negotiating class, femininity and career: Latin American migrant women entrepreneurs in Spain. In: International migration, Jg. 56, H. 4, S. 109-124. DOI:10.1111/imig.12361
Abstract
"This article analyses how the gendered and classed positions of migrant women explain the meanings of becoming an entrepreneur and the role of their spouses in their occupational trajectories. Using a translocational positionality approach, the article challenges the claim that women escape patriarchal domination by establishing their own businesses. The narratives of 35 Latin American women entrepreneurs in Spain reveal that becoming an entrepreneur is conditioned by class-based ideas of masculinity and femininity. I argue that middle-class Latin American immigrant women become entrepreneurs to promote their spouse's career advancement while conforming to class-based norms of femininity. In contrast, lower class Latin American women view the business as a space of autonomy and occupational upward mobility that nevertheless also complies with working-class definitions of femininity. The policy implications of these findings relate to making class aspirations central to the support of labour market integration and empowerment of migrant women." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Welcoming talent? A comparative study of immigrant entrepreneurs' entry policies in France, Germany and the Netherlands (2018)
Zitatform
de Lange, Tesseltje (2018): Welcoming talent? A comparative study of immigrant entrepreneurs' entry policies in France, Germany and the Netherlands. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 6, S. 1-18. DOI:10.1186/s40878-018-0092-4
Abstract
"This article explores the admission policies for self-employed non-EU immigrants wanting to start or move their business to the European Union (EU). Selecting immigrant entrepreneurs is a specific and understudied policy strand in the battle for talent. No common EU policy is available (yet) and although national policies do show some similarity, they differ in respect of how and who decides if an entrepreneur serves a national economic interest. By presenting a first-time model for defining the level of welcoming, this study adds an instrument to the toolbox of both scholars and policy makers for evaluating immigration policies. Whether a policy is welcoming depends on material criteria, such as entry conditions giving the entrepreneur a fair chance and on the formal criteria of the applicable procedures and the actors involved in the decision-making process. The body of the article constitutes of a legal comparison between French, German and Dutch entry policies for non-EU entrepreneurs. The article concludes that a future EU policy on welcoming immigrant entrepreneurs must set standards for a large variety of entrepreneurs, allow for the economic interest to be broadly defined and have, at the least, transparent and practical procedures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Self-employed migrants from EU Member States in Poland: differentiated professional trajectories and explanations of entrepreneurial success (2017)
Andrejuk, Katarzyna;Zitatform
Andrejuk, Katarzyna (2017): Self-employed migrants from EU Member States in Poland. Differentiated professional trajectories and explanations of entrepreneurial success. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 43, H. 4, S. 560-577. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2016.1249050
Abstract
"This article discusses the diversified self-employment trajectories of intra-EU migrant entrepreneurs in Poland in the context of the culture hierarchies persistent in Europe. The business ventures are established by intra-EU labour migrants, graduates of Polish universities, but also lifestyle migrants and individuals who migrate to Poland because of a partner or family residing here. Nationals of the post-2004 Member States are more inclined to register their own business entities than are nationals of the EU-15 countries: they are also more susceptible to the risk of failure (closing or suspending an enterprise). Qualitative research reveals that the career trajectories of EU-15 nationals are not necessarily dependent upon integration efforts. Immigrant entrepreneurs from countries like the UK or Spain may attract customer attention by profiting from their cultural background, but many of them exhibit a tendency to live in language and cultural enclaves. Migrant entrepreneurs from the EU-12 typically become successful in their business activities when they are well integrated with the host society - especially if they have a good knowledge of Polish." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A reality check to migrant entrepreneurs: The case of German-Turkish entrepreneurs (2017)
Bakir, Canan; Hove, Kevin van;Zitatform
Bakir, Canan & Kevin van Hove (2017): A reality check to migrant entrepreneurs. The case of German-Turkish entrepreneurs. In: A. Pyka, Y. Kustepeli & D. Hartmann (Hrsg.) (2017): International innovation networks and knowledge migration : the German-Turkish nexus (Routledge/Lisbon civic forum studies in innovation, 03), S. 135-160.
Abstract
"What explains the strong rise of Turkish entrepreneurship in Germany?
What are the problems Turkish migrant entrepreneurs face?
These questions can contribute to an understanding of the entrepreneurship trend, as the second and third generation migrant entrepreneurs are supposed to face less problems than the first generation. A third question can be about the business associations, representing the interests of the migrant entrepreneurs. Hence the question 'Do migrant entrepreneurs organize themselves in business associations?' is followed by the question 'What is the role of these business associations in terms of networks?' The entrepreneurs understandably want to have their interest well represented, but it is equally important that German society regards these business associations positively and incorporates them in the policy process, especially in terms of labour market integration. It is also relevant to find out the position of the European Union on migrant entrepreneurship. Does it promote migrant entrepreneurship and if so how does it do that? The answers to all these questions will provide a reality-check to the positive image that is attributed to migrant entrepreneurship. But before this, a short literature review of migrant entrepreneurship will be presented, to give background information for the discussion." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Familienunternehmen von Migranten (2017)
Zitatform
Bijedić, Teita, Rosemarie Kay, Susanne Schlepphorst & Olga Suprinovič (2017): Familienunternehmen von Migranten. (IfM-Materialien 261), Bonn, 57 S.
Abstract
"In der vorliegenden Studie untersuchen wir die Besonderheiten migrantengeführter Familienunternehmen, zu denen jedes zehnte Familienunternehmen in Deutschland gehört. Obwohl sie im Durchschnitt kleiner und jünger sind als nicht-migrantengeführte Familienunternehmen, leisten migrantengeführte Familienunternehmen einen wertvollen volkswirtschaftlichen Beitrag. So beschäftigen sie überdurchschnittlich häufig Personen mit Migrationshintergrund und haben damit eine bedeutende Integrationsfunktion am Arbeitsmarkt. Entgegen landläufiger Wahrnehmung sind sie überdurchschnittlich häufig in wissensintensiven Bereichen sowie in Freien Berufen tätig, innovationsstark und in ihrer Geschäftstätigkeit international ausgerichtet. Dabei spielt die Herkunftsregion der Unternehmerfamilie(n) eine nachrangige Rolle. Zwar bilden niedrige Preise nicht den Kern der Wettbewerbsstrategie von Familienunternehmen, doch spielen sie bei migrantengeführten eine bedeutendere Rolle als bei nicht-migrantengeführten Familienunternehmen und führen dann häufiger zu Rentabilitätsproblemen. Aufgrund ihrer geringeren Größe und des geringeren Alters verfügen migrantengeführte Familienunternehmen über kleinere Netzwerke und haben insbesondere weniger Kontakte zu Institutionen, wie Kammern und Verbände. Ein Wandel des Bildes von migrantischem Unternehmertum könnte helfen, Unternehmer mit Migrationshintergrund besser zu erreichen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Refugee-entrepreneurship: a social capital perspective (2017)
Bizri, Rima M.;Zitatform
Bizri, Rima M. (2017): Refugee-entrepreneurship: a social capital perspective. In: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, Jg. 29, H. 9/10, S. 847-868. DOI:10.1080/08985626.2017.1364787
Abstract
"This paper seeks to identify the characteristics of refugee-entrepreneurial startups, which distinguish them from other immigrant entrepreneurial ventures. The author employed a single case analysis as a means of qualitative research into the phenomenon under study, from the perspective of social capital theory. A typical case of a refugee entrepreneur was selected based on his propensity to tell his story in a way that transparently reveals the various peculiarities of his entrepreneurial behavior. The case study involved the use of interviews with key individuals, the review of printed materials, and member checking. The findings revealed five distinctive attributes that characterized that startup and which corresponded to the three dimensions of social capital. Those attributes were: a 'one-way-ahead' attitude, a pseudo family business perception, collective bootstrapping, a distinct network structure, and opportunity-seizing proliferation, thereby depicting how social capital is used by refugee-entrepreneurs to maximize the pool of opportunities in their host nations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ethnic diversity in start-ups and its impact on innovation (2017)
Zitatform
Brixy, Udo, Stephan Brunow & Anna D'Ambrosio (2017): Ethnic diversity in start-ups and its impact on innovation. (IAB-Discussion Paper 25/2017), Nürnberg, 30 S.
Abstract
"Diese Studie untersucht den Einfluss der ethnischen Zusammensetzung des Gründungsteams und der Mitarbeiter auf die innovativen Tätigkeiten junger Unternehmen. Für den Erfolg dieser Unternehmen sind, wie jüngere Untersuchungen gezeigt haben, alle Beteiligten (also Gründer und Mitarbeiter) wichtig. Wir nutzen eine von Ruef (2002) und Ruef et al. (2003) eingeführte Methode, die nicht nur auf der Anzahl der beteiligten Ethnien rekurriert, sondern die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass eine bestimmte ethnische Zusammensetzung zustande kommt, berücksichtigt. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen erstens, dass Ausländer eine wichtige Rolle als Unternehmer aber auch als Beschäftigte junger Unternehmen spielen. Zweitens können wir zeigen, dass nur wirklich seltene ethnische Kombinationen einen positiven Einfluss auf die Innovationswahrscheinlichkeit junger Unternehmen haben. Die Beteiligung relativ häufiger ethnischer Minderheiten dagegen wirkt sich tendenziell negativ auf die Innovationswahrscheinlichkeit aus." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Self-employment amongst migrant groups in England and Wales: new evidence from census microdata (2017)
Zitatform
Clark, Ken, Stephen Drinkwater & Catherine Robinson (2017): Self-employment amongst migrant groups in England and Wales. New evidence from census microdata. In: Small business economics, Jg. 48, H. 4, S. 1047-1069. DOI:10.1007/s11187-016-9804-z
Abstract
"Self-employment constitutes a vital part of the economy since entrepreneurs can provide employment not only for themselves but also for others. The link between self-employment and immigration is, however, complex, especially given the changing nature of self-employment. We investigate the evolving relationship between self-employment and immigration using recently released microdata from the 2011 Census for England and Wales. Our findings indicate large variations, with high self-employment rates observed for some groups with a long established history of migration to the UK (especially men born in Pakistan) and also for some groups who have arrived more recently (such as from the EU's new member states). We further explore the differences, analyse variations by gender and identify key determining factors. In addition to certain socio-economic characteristics, it is found that migration-related influences, such as English language proficiency and period of arrival in the UK, play an important role for some groups." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Migrantisches Unternehmertum - eine Chance der Arbeitsmarkintegration für geflüchtete Menschen? (2017)
David, Alexandra;Zitatform
David, Alexandra (2017): Migrantisches Unternehmertum - eine Chance der Arbeitsmarkintegration für geflüchtete Menschen? (Institut Arbeit und Technik. Forschung aktuell 2017-02), Gelsenkirchen, 13 S.
Abstract
"Der migrantischen Ökonomie sollte in ihren Effekten für den wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Fortschritt Deutschlands künftig mehr Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet werden. Vorliegende Studien liefern Evidenz für die These, dass bereits heute schon migrantische Unternehmer von erheblicher Bedeutung sind und künftig auch in Deutschland weiter an Bedeutung gewinnen werden.
Eine intensivere Auseinandersetzung mit der Thematik ist aber auch deswegen von Interesse, weil durch ein verbessertes Zusammenspiel tradierter Akteure der Arbeitsmarktintegration, der Wohlfahrtspflege, migrantischer Unternehmen und informeller Unterstützungsstrukturen die Chancen für eine schnellere und nachhaltige Arbeitsmarktintegration verbessert werden können." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku) -
Literaturhinweis
Does entrepreneurship pay for women and immigrants?: A 30 year assessment of the socioeconomic impact of entrepreneurial activity in Germany (2017)
Hopp, Christian; Martin, Johannes;Zitatform
Hopp, Christian & Johannes Martin (2017): Does entrepreneurship pay for women and immigrants? A 30 year assessment of the socioeconomic impact of entrepreneurial activity in Germany. In: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, Jg. 29, H. 5/6, S. 517-543. DOI:10.1080/08985626.2017.1299224
Abstract
"Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel from 1984 to 2012, we explore income effects of self-employment for females and migrants. Controlling for the selection into self-employment, we differentiate the overall earnings differential between the selfemployed and the wage-employed into an endowment effect (they are equipped with characteristics that positively affect earnings in either occupation) and a treatment effect (the income effect solely due to the decision for self-employment). We find that women exhibit both a lower treatment effect and a lower endowment effect than men. Migrants benefit much more from entrepreneurial activities than Germans, having a significantly higher treatment effect. Among the countries of origin, Turkish migrants benefit the most from their selfemployment decision, while southern Europeans exhibit the lowest income relevant skills." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
"Misfits," "stars," and immigrant entrepreneurship (2017)
Kahn, Shulamit; La Mattina, Giulia; MacGarvie, Megan J.;Zitatform
Kahn, Shulamit, Giulia La Mattina & Megan J. MacGarvie (2017): "Misfits," "stars," and immigrant entrepreneurship. In: Small business economics, Jg. 49, H. 3, S. 533-557. DOI:10.1007/s11187-017-9848-8
Abstract
"Prior research has shown that immigrants are more likely than natives to become entrepreneurs, and that entrepreneurs are disproportionately drawn from the extremes of the ability distribution. Using a large panel of US residents with bachelors' degrees in scientific fields, we ask whether higher rates of entrepreneurship among immigrants can be explained by their position on the ability spectrum and establish four new facts about science-based and immigrant entrepreneurship. First, in this sample, an immigrant entrepreneurship premium exists only in science-based entrepreneurship. Second, this premium persists after controlling for ability (measured by paid employment wage residuals.) Third, a U-shaped relationship between ability and entrepreneurship exists only in non-science entrepreneurship; for science entrepreneurship, the relationship is increasing. Finally, the immigrant premium in science entrepreneurship is largest among immigrants with non-US degrees and those from non-English-speaking or culturally dissimilar countries. Stated preferences for self-employment do not explain the immigrant premium. The results suggest that immigrants may on average have higher levels of unobservable skills related to entrepreneurship." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))