Pendlerinnen und Pendler am Arbeitsmarkt
Der Anteil der Pendlerinnen und Pendler an den sozialversicherungspflichtig Vollbeschäftigten wächst. Während im Jahr 1995 erst 31 Prozent zur Arbeit pendelten, waren es 2016 bereits 45 Prozent, die einen Arbeitsweg von mehr als 10 km hatten - bei weiter steigender Tendenz. Die IAB-Infoplattform erschließt Informationen zu Pendlerströmen in Ballungsräumen, zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland und in Grenzregionen.
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Literaturhinweis
Commuting to work and gender norms by sexual orientation (2023)
Zitatform
Oreffice, Sonia & Dario Sansone (2023): Commuting to work and gender norms by sexual orientation. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 85. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102451
Abstract
"We assess the role of gender-conforming social norms in household decision-making and gender inequalities in the labor market with a parsimonious household model that endogenizes commuting time. Using the American Community Survey 2008-2019, we test the model predictions and find that women in same-sex couples have a longer commute to work than working women in different-sex couples, whereas the commute to work of men in same-sex couples is shorter than the one of working men in different-sex couples, even after controlling for demographic characteristics, partner's characteristics, location and urbanicity, fertility, marital status, industry and occupation. These differences among men and women amount to a sizable portion of the gender commuting gap estimated in the literature, and are particularly stark among married couples with children. Within-couple gaps in commuting time are also significantly smaller in same-sex couples, and labor supply disparities mimic the commuting ones. According to our model, these differences are interpreted as gender-conforming social norms leading women in different-sex couples into jobs with a shorter commute and fewer hours worked while their male partners or spouses hold jobs with a longer commute and more hours worked, thus reinforcing gender inequalities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Isolated States of America: Home State Bias and the Impact of State Borders on Mobility (2023)
Wilson, Riley;Zitatform
Wilson, Riley (2023): The Isolated States of America: Home State Bias and the Impact of State Borders on Mobility. (CESifo working paper 10724), München, 44 S.
Abstract
"I document a new fact about mobility within the United States. County-to-county migration and commuting drop discretely at state borders. People are three times as likely to move to a county 15 miles away, but in the same state, than to an equally-distant county across state lines. Standard economic explanations, like differences in amenities or moving costs, have little explanatory power. Experimental evidence suggests many people experience “home state bias” and discount out-of-state moves, independent of whether social ties are present. This pattern has real economic costs, resulting in local labor markets that are less dynamic after negative economic shocks." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Landlust statt Landflucht (2023)
Zitatform
(2023): Landlust statt Landflucht. In: Iwd H. 7, S. 10-11.
Abstract
"In Deutschland ziehen immer mehr Menschen in kleinere Städte oder ländliche Gemeinden. Kein Wunder: Wer regelmäßig Homeoffice machen kann, nimmt dafür auf seinen selteneren Wegen zur Arbeitsstätte auch längere Pendelzeiten in Kauf." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of spatial clustering of occupation on commuting time and employment status (2022)
Bakó, Tamás; Kálmán, Judit;Zitatform
Bakó, Tamás & Judit Kálmán (2022): The impact of spatial clustering of occupation on commuting time and employment status. (CERS-IE working papers 2022,06), Budapest, 25 S.
Abstract
"In this study we reveal the impact of spatial clustering of occupations on the probability of employment and commuting time, with particular emphasis on differences between genders and household types. Based on Hungarian 2011 census data our research confirmed previous results of some USA studies according to which women work in less spatially clustered occupations compared to men. Our most important result is that more clustered the occupation, the longer the commuting time, and the lower the probability of employment. The effect of occupational clustering on commuting time is larger for women regardless of household type and for those living in a relationship compared to singles. Our further result is that the greater the occupational diversity of the place of residence, the shorter the commuting time and higher the probability of employment, and the occupational diversity of the place of residence modifies the effect of occupational clustering on commuting time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does better job accessibility help people gain employment? The role of public transport in Great Britain (2022)
Zitatform
Bastiaanssen, Jeroen, Daniel Johnson & Karen Lucas (2022): Does better job accessibility help people gain employment? The role of public transport in Great Britain. In: Urban studies, Jg. 59, H. 2, S. 301-322. DOI:10.1177/00420980211012635
Abstract
"The combined decentralisation of many firms and services and the increasing concentration of traditional public transport services in the main corridors of urban centres have made it more difficult for people to access jobs, in particular when residing outside these prime accessibility areas. This is the first national study within the context of Great Britain to examine whether better public transport job accessibility, modelled at the micro level of individuals, improves employment probabilities for people living in Great Britain. While previous studies have typically concentrated on US metropolitan areas, our study uses British national employment micro datasets to assess which urban and rural areas and population groups would benefit from better public transport services. In an important departure from most standard accessibility methodologies, we computed a public transport job accessibility measure applied nationwide and combined this with individual-level employment probability models for Great Britain. The models were corrected for endogeneity by applying an instrumental variable approach. The study finds that better public transport job accessibility improves individual employment probabilities, in particular in metropolitan areas and smaller cities and towns with lower car ownership rates and in low-income neighbourhoods. It further shows that mainly lower educated groups and young people would benefit from better public transport job accessibility. The findings in this study are important for policymakers in that they imply that, in particular, job seekers who rely on public transport services may benefit from more targeted public policies to improve their accessibility to employment and thereby their social mobility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Being a Long Distance Out-Commuter or Home Employee in a Rather Peripheral Region? Evidence of a German Federal State (2022)
Zitatform
Brunow, Stephan & Ramona Jost (2022): Being a Long Distance Out-Commuter or Home Employee in a Rather Peripheral Region? Evidence of a German Federal State. (HdBA discussion papers in labour economics / Hochschule der Bundesagentur für Arbeit 2022-02), Mannheim, 26 S.
Abstract
"After reunification, a net outmigration from East German regions occurred until the late 1990th. Younger people were looking for jobs in the west and took the opportunity to leave East Germany or started to out-commute. Today, 30 years later, outmigration flowsstill exist but net migration is almost zero. For the Federal State Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (MV), which is the focus of this paper, we show that about 76,000 individuals out-commute for work-related reasons in another German federal state. At the same time, however, employers in MV are complaining about labour shortages. In this paper, we distinguish out-commuters and home-employees (workers who live and work in MV) to get a deeper insight into this interesting phenomenon. We especially address the question whether outcommuters are a selective group of individuals working in occupations that are not needed for labour market requirements in MV. Additionally, we focus on the wage differential between out-commuters and `home employees` to work out potential strategies to attract out-commuters to work within MV. The derived evidence suggests that only a few out-commuters can be recalled, as labour demand in MV and the respective wage level are too low and the economic structure is too weak to sufficiently gain back out-commuters from a MV-perspective. Especially females suffer from the job-market weakness in MV." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How Do Firms Adjust to Negative Labor Supply Shocks? Evidence from Migration Outflows (2022)
Dicarlo, Emanuele;Zitatform
Dicarlo, Emanuele (2022): How Do Firms Adjust to Negative Labor Supply Shocks? Evidence from Migration Outflows. (IZA discussion paper 14994), Bonn, 86 S.
Abstract
"The quality of workers in a country positively relates to productivity of firms, adoption of new technologies, and growth. This paper studies adjustments of Italian firms to negative labor supply shocks in the context of workers' outflows from Italy to Switzerland. My diff-in-diff leverages the implementation of a policy in which Switzerland granted free labor market mobility to EU citizens and different treatment intensity of Italian firms based on their distance to the Swiss border. Using detailed social security data on the universe of Italian firms and workers, I document large (12 percentage points higher) outflows of workers and fewer (2.5 percentage points) surviving firms in the treatment group relative to control. Despite replacing workers and becoming more capital intensive, treated firms are less productive and pay lower wages. I investigate this evidence through the lens of a simple production function with high and low-skilled labor within a heterogeneity analysis based on the skill intensity of the industry of each firm. In line with the brain drain literature, I show how adverse effects of large outflows of workers operate through firms that workers leave. I provide suggestive evidence that high-skill intensive firms are the main driver of the negative results on wages and productivity. I also show that low skill intensive firms instead suffer less from losing workers and provide new job opportunities for the workers who do not migrate." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Beyond Lost Earnings: The Long-Term Impact of Job Displacement on Workers’ Commuting Behavior (2022)
Zitatform
Duan, Yige, Oskar Jost & Ramona Jost (2022): Beyond Lost Earnings: The Long-Term Impact of Job Displacement on Workers’ Commuting Behavior. (IAB-Discussion Paper 15/2022), Nürnberg, 63 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.DP.2215
Abstract
"Wir analysieren den langfristigen Effekt von Entlassungen auf das Pendelverhalten von Beschäftigten. Hierfür nutzen wir Geoinformationen zum Wohn- und Arbeitsort der Beschäftigten, womit wir die Pendeldistanz und Pendelzeit bestimmen können. Mithilfe der zur Verfügung stehenden Betriebsinformationen und einer Ereignisstudie können wir zudem Massenentlassungen nutzen, um kausale Effekte auf Beschäftigte zu identifizieren. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Beschäftigte, die wieder in Arbeit finden, deutlich erhöhte Pendeldistanzen und Pendelzeiten haben, welche in den Folgejahren abnehmen. Ferner zeigen unsere Ergebnisse, dass Beschäftigte, die nach einer Entlassung länger pendeln ihren Einkommensverlust reduzieren und die langfristige Erholung der Pendeldistanzen und Pendelzeit auf den Wechsel von Firmen zurückgeht und nicht durch Umzüge getrieben ist. Um unsere Ergebnisse analytisch zu diskutieren und zu begründen nutzen wir ein suchtheoretisches Modell, welches eine gemeinsame Erholung des Einkommens und Pendelns postuliert und damit eine statistische Betrachtung entscheidend erweitert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Active Commuting and the Health of Workers (2022)
Echeverría, Lucía; Molina, Jose Alberto; Gimenez-Nadal, J. Ignacio;Zitatform
Echeverría, Lucía, J. Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal & Jose Alberto Molina (2022): Active Commuting and the Health of Workers. (IZA discussion paper 15572), Bonn, 35 S.
Abstract
"Research has shown that commuting is related to the health of workers, and that mode choice may have differential effects on this relationship. We analyze the relationship between commuting by different modes of transport and the health status reported by US workers, using the 2014-2016 Eating and Health (EH) Module of the American Time Use Survey (ATUS). We estimate Ordinary Least Squares models on a measure of subjective health, that is the self-reported assessment of individual general health status, and on the body mass index. We find that longer commutes by bicycle are significantly related to higher levels of subjective health and to lower body mass index, while commuting by walking is weakly related to both health measures. We test the robustness of our results to possible measurement errors in commuting times, to the exclusion of compensating factors, and to the estimation method. We additionally instrument individual use of bicycles with an indicator of individual green attitudes, based on the General Social Survey (GSS), and the results consistently show that individuals who commute longer by bicycle report better subjective health and lower body mass index. Our results may help policy makers in evaluating the importance of having infrastructures that facilitate the use of bicycles as a means of transport, boosting investment in these infrastructures, especially in large cities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Hiring in border regions: experimental and qualitative evidence from a recruiter survey in Luxembourg (2022)
Zitatform
Gutfleisch, Tamara & Robin Samuel (2022): Hiring in border regions: experimental and qualitative evidence from a recruiter survey in Luxembourg. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 56. DOI:10.1186/s12651-022-00327-2
Abstract
"Firms in border regions typically deal with heterogeneous applicant pools that include both (foreign) domestic workers and cross-border commuters. However, we know little about recruiters’ workforce needs and hiring practices in cross-border labour markets. Based on a survey of real recruiters in Luxembourg, this study presents experimental and qualitative findings on the role of country of residence in recruiters’ hiring intentions against foreigners. Luxembourg presents a rarely studied but highly relevant case for hiring practices owing to a combination of a strong economy, strict labour market regulations, and a transnational workforce. Drawing on data from a factorial survey experiment, we found no discrimination against Portuguese and French applicants living in Luxembourg. Yet, (highly skilled) cross-border workers from France and Germany faced disadvantages regarding recruiters’ hiring intentions. However, differences in effect sizes between foreigners and cross-border workers were small and not statistically significant. When further asked about the potential challenges of recruiting in Luxembourg’s cross-border labour market, respondents expressed concerns about flexibility, poor social fit, and cultural differences in hiring foreign and cross-border employees. Overall, our study provides further points of reference for studies on hiring intentions in cross-border labour markets across Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The unequal commute: Comparing commuting patterns across income and racial worker subgroups (2022)
Zitatform
Hu, Yujie (2022): The unequal commute: Comparing commuting patterns across income and racial worker subgroups. In: Environment and planning. A, Economy and space, Jg. 54, H. 3, S. 437-440. DOI:10.1177/0308518X211068852
Abstract
"The spatial dimension of the journey-to-work has important implications for land use and development policymaking and has been widely studied. One thrust of this research is concerned with the disaggregation of workers into subgroups for understanding disparities in commute. Most of these studies, however, were limited to the disaggregation by single socioeconomic class. Hence, this research aims to examine commuting disparities across commuter subgroups stratified by two socioeconomic variables—income and race—using a visual analytics approach. By applying the doubly constrained spatial interaction model to the 2014 Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics data, this research first synthesizes commuting flows for Downtown Houston workers across income-race subgroups at the tract level in Harris County, Texas, USA. It then uses bivariate choropleth mapping to visualize the spatial distributions of major Downtown Houston commuter neighborhoods by income-race classes, and significant commuting disparities are identified across income-race subgroups. The results highlight the importance of considering income and race simultaneously for commuting research. The visualization could help policymakers clearly identify the unequal commute across worker subgroups and inform policymaking." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2022 a Pion publication) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Reduziert mehr Homeoffice die Emissionen im Verkehr? (2022)
Marz, Waldemar;Zitatform
Marz, Waldemar (2022): Reduziert mehr Homeoffice die Emissionen im Verkehr? In: Ifo-Schnelldienst, Jg. 75, H. 5, S. 15-18.
Abstract
"Ein größerer Anteil von Homeoffice-Tagen senkt zwar kurzfristig die Anzahl der Fahrten zur Arbeit und die entsprechenden CO2-Emissionen. Langfristig ziehen die Menschen jedoch im Schnitt von den Innenstädten weiter weg und nehmen längere Pendeldistanzen in Kauf, um von billigerem Wohnraum auf dem Land zu profitieren. Zudem sinkt mit mehr Homeoffice auch der Anreiz für die Haushalte, sich sparsamere Fahrzeuge anzuschaffen. Beide Anpassungsreaktionen gleichen die anfängliche Absenkung der Emissionen fast vollständig aus. Telearbeit hilft also langfristig nicht dem Klima, so dass ambitionierte und wirkungsvolle klimapolitische Maßnahmen weiterhin dringend nötig sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Aspekte mobil-flexibler Arbeit (2021)
Bölsch-Peterka, R.; Böckelmann, I.;Zitatform
Bölsch-Peterka, R. & I. Böckelmann (2021): Aspekte mobil-flexibler Arbeit. In: Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin, Umweltmedizin, Jg. 56, H. 4, S. 215-221.
Abstract
"Berufliche Mobilität und Flexibilität sind an sich kein Phänomen, das erst durch den Wandel der Arbeitswelt entstanden ist. Kennzeichnend ist für die heutige Zeit, dass die berufliche Mobilität von immer mehr Unternehmen gefordert wird und somit auch mehr Beschäftigte betroffen sind. Sie weitet sich auf andere Berufszweige aus und ist nicht nur für die mobilen Berufe, wie zum Beispiel Berufskraftfahrerinnen oder -fahrer, von Relevanz. Neben den positiven Seiten mobiler Arbeit für die Beschäftigten (wie z. B. Freiräume, Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten) zeigen sich auch negative Folgen der mobilen Arbeitens. Zum Teil bestehen schon Erkenntnisse über die gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen verschiedener Aspekte dieser Arbeitsform, jedoch gibt es wenige Erkenntnisse über die gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen der kombinierten Formen der mobil-flexiblen Arbeit (Multimobilität)." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The role of work–life balance and autonomy in the relationship between commuting, employee commitment and well-being (2021)
Emre, Onur; De Spiegeleare, Stan;Zitatform
Emre, Onur & Stan De Spiegeleare (2021): The role of work–life balance and autonomy in the relationship between commuting, employee commitment and well-being. In: The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Jg. 32, H. 11, S. 2443-2467. DOI:10.1080/09585192.2019.1583270
Abstract
"Commuting can be tiring and stressful. An unavoidable part of life for many people, it is almost always associated with negative outcomes. This study examined the implications of commuting time for the commitment and well-being of employees. This paper uses ‘conservation of resources’ theory and job demands–resources approaches to argue that employees with long commutes will be less committed and experience lower well-being. These effects are also expected to be mediated by the work–life balance of the employees and interact with the level of autonomy they perceive themselves to have. Data from the fifth European Working Conditions Survey indicate that there is a negative relationship between commuting time, commitment and well-being. Results also suggest that work–life balance mediates part of these relationships and, finally, that autonomy can act as a buffer against the effects of commuting time on both commitment and well-being." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The spatial dimension of coronavirus crisis management and the role of subnational actors in the German–Polish border region (2021)
Zitatform
Hennig, Anja (2021): The spatial dimension of coronavirus crisis management and the role of subnational actors in the German–Polish border region. In: European Societies, Jg. 23, H. sup1, S. S859-S871. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2020.1846065
Abstract
"The paper is concerned with the spatial dimension of the coronavirus crisis and the tensions it created in multilevel governance in the Polish–German border region. Regarding the spatial dimension of the crisis, territoriality is referred to as the political competence to exert control over a national territory and over places particularly affected by the coronavirus crisis and its management – from local hubs of outbreaks to twin cities in border regions facing closed borders. Territoriality was mirrored in the unilateral decisions of the central governments to close national borders in Europe. Considering spatiality as well as the asymmetric multilevel setting of cross-border Polish–German relations, this paper investigates to what extent subnational actors were able to interact in a cross-border sense in this situation. The paper shows the relevance of subnational political authorities and highlights the significance of civil society actors in times of crisis, as they were able to lobby for a less restrictive border management response and helped to hold – merely through digital activities – the web of bilateral relations together. In this light, it may enhance the ability of further research to take a multilevel territorial perspective for a more nuanced picture of the pandemic’s effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does temporary employment increase length of commuting: Longitudinal evidence from Australia and Germany (2021)
Zitatform
Laß, Inga, Thomas Skora, Heiko Rüger, Mark Wooden & Martin Bujard (2021): Does temporary employment increase length of commuting: Longitudinal evidence from Australia and Germany. (Melbourne Institute Working Paper Series 2021,7), 27 S.
Abstract
"By definition, temporary workers, such as fixed-term, casual and temporary agency workers, have jobs that are far less stable than permanent jobs. However, surprisingly few studies have investigated whether and to what extent this lesser stability translates into longer commutes to work. Using data from the German SOEP and the Australian HILDA Survey, this article investigates the link between temporary employment and length of commutes in different institutional contexts. We compare three types of temporary workers and apply fixed-effects regression, thereby accounting for unobserved worker heterogeneity. We also estimate unconditional quantile regression (UQR) models, thus allowing us to examine how the commuting length differential varies over the commuting length distribution. The results suggest that the link between temporary employment and commuting length varies by employment type and institutional context, as well as location in the distribution. On average, agency work is associated with longer commutes than permanent work in both countries, whereas fixed-term contracts are only associated with longer commutes in Germany. Further, UQR shows these associations are often strongest in the upper end of the distribution. For casual work, mean regression suggests no commuting length differential, whereas the UQR shows negative associations for large parts of the distribution." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Pendelmobilität und partnerschaftliche Arbeitsteilung: Eine Studie über Geschlechterungleichheiten in heterosexuellen Paarbeziehungen (2021)
Stenpaß, Anna;Zitatform
Stenpaß, Anna (2021): Pendelmobilität und partnerschaftliche Arbeitsteilung. Eine Studie über Geschlechterungleichheiten in heterosexuellen Paarbeziehungen. (Research), Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 298 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-31746-1
Abstract
"Anna Stenpaß verbindet in dieser Studie quantitative und qualitative Daten, um ein umfassendes Bild von einem bisher wenig erforschten Untersuchungsfeld zu erhalten. Anhand eines Mixed-Methods Ansatzes untersucht sie den Einfluss beruflicher Pendelmobilität auf die innerpartnerschaftliche Verteilung der Hausarbeit und Kinderbetreuung. Sie verdeutlicht, dass eine ungleiche Verteilung dieser Arbeiten auch im Zusammenhang mit der Pendelmobilität besteht. Insbesondere weibliche Pendler tragen oftmals weiterhin die Hauptverantwortung für die Hausarbeit und Kinderbetreuung, auch wenn sie neben der Erwerbstätigkeit berufsbedingt pendeln – und stehen damit einer Dreifachbelastung gegenüber. Wohlgleich verdeutlichen die Analysen, dass sich auch Möglichkeiten 'harmonischer' Arrangements etablieren lassen. Wie die Pendler*innen mit den unbezahlten Arbeiten umgehen und welche Arrangements sie im Umgang mit diesen herstellen, hängt von einem Zusammenspiel handlungstheoretischer Aspekte, normativer Einstellungen sowie der subjektiven Wahrnehmung der Pendelmobilität und deren Nutzen und Kosten ab." (Autorenreferat, © 2020 Springer)
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Literaturhinweis
Das Virus und die virtuelle Mobilität: Homeoffice und Pendeln könnten neu gewichtet werden (2021)
Weber, Patrick;Zitatform
Weber, Patrick (2021): Das Virus und die virtuelle Mobilität. Homeoffice und Pendeln könnten neu gewichtet werden. In: WZB-Mitteilungen H. 171, S. 41-43.
Abstract
"Mit dem Homeoffice etablierte sich in der Pandemie eine virtuelle Mobilitätsoption. Sie hilft, physische Kontakte beim Pendeln und am Arbeitsplatz zu reduzieren. Daten der Studie Mobicor („Mobilität in Zeiten der Corona-Pandemie“) zeigen sowohl großes ungenutztes Homeoffice-Potenzial als auch sozial ungleiche Zugangsmöglichkeiten. Lastet das Ansteckungsrisiko am Arbeitsplatz somit wieder besonders auf den Einkommensschwächsten? Kann Homeoffice dennoch eine Chance sein?" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Berufspendler in Bayern: Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und der Fraktion DIE LINKE (Drucksache 19/32464) (2021)
Zitatform
Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales (2021): Berufspendler in Bayern. Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und der Fraktion DIE LINKE (Drucksache 19/32464). (Verhandlungen des Deutschen Bundestages. Drucksachen 19/32464 (21.09.2021)), 8 S.
Abstract
In ihrer Kleinen Anfrage thematisieren die Fragesteller die zunehmende Anzahl von Pendlern in Bayern, was vor allem in Ballungszentren zu zunehmenden Staus und Überlastungen des Nahverkehrs führt. Ursache für die zunehmende Mobilität sind steigende Mieten und ein angespannter Wohnungsmarkt an den Arbeitsorten. Die Bundesregierung listet in ihrer Antwort die Anzahl der Pendler in Bayern für die Jahre 2000 bis 2020 auf. Der Pendleranteil stieg in diesem Zeitraum von 59,97 Prozent auf 65,02 Prozent. Die geschätzte durchschnittliche Pendelentfernung zwischen Wohn- und Arbeitsort (einfache Wegstrecke) betrug im Jahr 2020 in Bayern 17,49 km. Insgesamt benutzen 74,4 Prozent der Pendler ihr eigenes Kraftfahrzeug für den Arbeitsweg. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Grenzpendler aus dem Ausland: Immer mehr Beschäftigte in Deutschland mit ausländischem Wohnort (2020)
Zitatform
Buch, Tanja, Jeanette Carstensen, Silke Hamann, Anne Otto, Holger Seibert & Georg Sieglen (2020): Grenzpendler aus dem Ausland: Immer mehr Beschäftigte in Deutschland mit ausländischem Wohnort. (IAB-Kurzbericht 09/2020), Nürnberg, 12 S.
Abstract
"Ausländische Arbeitskräfte mit Wohnsitz im Ausland, die in Deutschland arbeiten, haben in den letzten Jahren an Bedeutung für den Arbeitsmarkt gewonnen, wobei insbesondere die Anzahl der Grenzpendler aus Osteuropa stark angestiegen ist. In der aktuellen Corona-Krise darf nur ein Teil von ihnen die weitgehend geschlossenen EU-Binnengrenzen passieren. Unsere Analysen zur Herkunft , zur regionalen Verteilung in Deutschland sowie zu den Tätigkeiten der Grenzpendler basieren auf Arbeitsmarktdaten zum Zeitpunkt offener Grenzen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Buch, Tanja; Carstensen, Jeanette; Otto, Anne ; Hamann, Silke ; Seibert, Holger; Sieglen, Georg;Weiterführende Informationen
- Verteilung der Grenzpendler auf die Kreise und kreisfreien Städte in Deutschland
- Grenzpendler in Deutschland nach ausgewählten Herkunftsländern
- Anforderungsniveau der beruflichen Tätigkeiten von Grenzpendlern in Deutschland nach Herkunftsland
- Anzahl der Grenzpendler und ihr Anteil an den Beschäftigten insgesamt
- Top-3-Herkunftsländer der Grenzpendler aus dem Ausland in den deutschen Bundesländern