Soziale Netzwerke und Arbeitsmarkt
Bei der Personalsuche und der Suche nach freien Arbeitsplätzen werden von Betrieben und Arbeitsuchenden auch soziale Netzwerke genutzt. Darunter sind nicht nur die persönlichen Beziehungen über Verwandte und den Freundeskreis etc. zu verstehen, sondern auch "technisch vermittelte" Kontakte über Facebook, Xing etc. Soziale Netzwerke liefern oftmals Informationen über den Betrieb bzw. die Person, die über herkömmliche Rekrutierungs- und Suchkanäle (z.B. Stellenanzeige, Bewerbungsunterlagen) nicht oder nur schwer zugänglich sind.
In der Infoplattform ist die aktuelle wissenschaftliche Literatur zur Bedeutung und zum Nutzen sozialer Netzwerke bei der Personal- und Arbeitsplatzsuche zusammengestellt.
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Literaturhinweis
Social media and hiring: a survey experiment on discrimination based on online social class cues (2024)
Zitatform
Galos, Diana Roxana (2024): Social media and hiring: a survey experiment on discrimination based on online social class cues. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 40, H. 1, S. 116-128. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcad012
Abstract
"Discrimination based on social class is challenging to study, and therefore likely to be underappreciated due to its subtle nature. Social class is often difficult to gauge from traditional resumes, yet, the expansion of social networking platforms provides employers with an additional source of information. Given that many individuals have a social media presence today, employers can increasingly rely on additional information gleaned from such online platforms (e.g., Twitter, Instagram), which may alter hiring decisions. To study the role of social networking platforms vis-à-vis potential discrimination based on social class cues, I leverage an original online survey experiment in the United States. The aim of the investigation is (i) to measure the effect of cultural markers of social class expressed on social media profiles in a hypothetical hiring situation and (ii) to analyse potential channels that might explain class-based discrimination. I show that subjects favour the upper-class-signalling candidate over the lower-class-signalling candidate and that perceived competence and perceived warmth are two channels through which class-based discrimination may occur. The individual’s online presence might not be part of the formal application process, yet it seems to shape inferences about individuals’ employability, competence, and warmth." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social capital exchanges in voluntary associations and work organizations: A network perspective (2023)
Zitatform
Au, Anson (2023): Social capital exchanges in voluntary associations and work organizations: A network perspective. In: Sociology Compass, Jg. 17, H. 1. DOI:10.1111/soc4.13031
Abstract
"Organizations have been an important setting in which social capital exchanges (SCEs) occur, but little work has been done to distinguish two predominant species of organizations in the social network literature: voluntary associations and formal work organizations. Addressing this lacuna, this article comparatively examines how the two organizational species differ in (1) how two prominent types of SCEs operate (restricted and generalized exchange), as well as (2) the analytical approaches and methodological tools for studying SCEs (boundary-specification, sampling, network designs, tie-recording methods) and their adherent implications for network structure (networking conditions and homophily). This article concludes by identifying methodological and theoretical challenges for studying SCEs in organizations (conceptualizing organizations as units, underappreciating meaning-making and methodological triangulation, and examining contagion in organizational networks in an age of digitalization) and developing recommendations for overcoming them." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Escaping from low-wage employment: The role of co-worker networks (2023)
Zitatform
Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, Zoltán Elekes & Rikard Eriksson (2023): Escaping from low-wage employment: The role of co-worker networks. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 83. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2022.100747
Abstract
"Low-wage jobs are often regarded as dead ends in the labour market careers of young people. Previous research focused on disentangling to what degree the association between a low-wage job at the start of working life and limited chances of transitioning to better-paid employment is causal or spurious. Less attention has been paid to the factors that may facilitate the upward wage mobility of low-wage workers. We focus on such mechanisms, and we scrutinize the impact of social ties to higher-educated co-workers. Due to knowledge spillovers, job referrals, as well as firm-level productivity gains, having higher-educated co-workers may improve an individual's chances of transitioning to a better-paid job. We use linked employer-employee data from longitudinal Swedish registers and panel data models that incorporate measures of low-wage workers' social ties to higher-educated co-workers. Our results confirm that having social ties to higher-educated co-workers increases individual chances of transitioning to better-paid employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Old Boys' Club: Schmoozing and the Gender Gap (2023)
Cullen, Zoë; Perez-Truglia, Ricardo;Zitatform
Cullen, Zoë & Ricardo Perez-Truglia (2023): The Old Boys' Club: Schmoozing and the Gender Gap. In: The American economic review, Jg. 113, H. 7, S. 1703-1740. DOI:10.1257/aer.20210863
Abstract
"Offices are social places. Employees and managers take breaks together and talk about family and hobbies. In this study, we show that employees' social interactions with their managers can be advantageous for their careers, and that this phenomenon contributes to the gender pay gap. We use administrative and survey data from a large financial institution and exploit quasi-random variation induced by the rotation of managers. We provide evidence that when employees have more face-to-face interactions with their managers, they are promoted at a higher rate. This mechanism could explain a third of the gender gap in promotions at this firm." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Young people's job-search strategies in the German apprenticeship market: Who relies on referrals by strong ties and why? (2023)
Zitatform
Flohr, Matthias & Paula Protsch (2023): Young people's job-search strategies in the German apprenticeship market: Who relies on referrals by strong ties and why? In: Acta sociologica, Jg. 66, H. 2, S. 191-209. DOI:10.1177/00016993221115544
Abstract
"Social capital is often regarded as an important resource when searching for a job. However, unlike in the general labor market, in youth labor markets, leveraging network contacts does not necessarily enhance young people’s chances compared to formal job-search methods. Who then uses referrals by strong ties to support their school-to-work transitions? Drawing on the German National Educational Panel Study, we focus on noncollege-bound students searching for apprenticeship places. We investigate whether parental referrals are more likely to be used as a compensation strategy for limited opportunities due to regional conditions and lower levels of schooling and whether this search strategy entails a trade-off in terms of higher dropout risks. Our results indicate that in regions with poor regional labor market conditions, young people use parental referrals more often and also increasingly find apprenticeship places via referrals. Moreover, using referrals does not result in higher dropout risks. Lower-educated school leavers are also more likely to use referrals but they do not benefit from this search channel more than higher-educated youth. We conclude that social contacts can at least partly compensate for poor opportunities due to regional market conditions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Coworker networks and the labor market outcomes of displaced workers: Evidence from Portugal (2023)
Zitatform
Garcia-Louzao, Jose & Marta Silva (2023): Coworker networks and the labor market outcomes of displaced workers: Evidence from Portugal. In: Industrial Relations online erschienen am 20.10.2023. DOI:10.1111/irel.12348
Abstract
"The use of social contacts in the labor market is widespread. This paper investigates the association between personal connections and hiring probabilities as well as re-employment outcomes of displaced workers in Portugal. The hiring analysis indicates that displaced workers with a direct link to a firm through a former coworker are three times more likely to be hired compared to workers displaced from the same closing event who lack such a tie. Moreover, we show that successful displaced workers with a connection in the hiring firm have higher entry-level wages and enjoy greater job security." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
University peers and career prospects: The impact of university ties on early labor market outcomes (2023)
Zitatform
Ilyés, Virág & Anna Sebők (2023): University peers and career prospects: The impact of university ties on early labor market outcomes. In: Economics of Education Review, Jg. 96. DOI:10.1016/j.econedurev.2023.102456
Abstract
"By using extensive Hungarian administrative data, this study aims to provide empirical evidence that former university ties strongly influence the labour market outcomes of individuals, even early in their careers. The estimates focus on the early career paths of graduates who obtained a master's degree between 2010 and 2017. As direct information on social contacts is not available in the dataset, we proxy university peers as students who started and finished the same university programmes (bachelor's or master's) in the same semester. Our results suggest that individuals are more likely to get hired by given firms if their former peers work there. The measured effects are considered significant and quite robust, even after controlling for the important sources of potential bias. Although we cannot present exact proof of the direct help of contacts, we provide suggestive evidence that seems to confirm the existence of such assistance. Our findings also revealed that the measured benefits are mainly attributable to connections from bachelor's studies. The effect of master's peers is mostly driven by the selection of individuals alongside prevalent study track-firm pathways. By comparing entries into new firms with and without peers, we also show that graduates with links have better labor market outcomes after hiring: they earn higher wages, obtain better and more prestigious positions, and stay longer at their new firm. The results draw attention to the importance of university peers in the labour market and contribute to the discussions about the determinants of early labour market success." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Raus aus der (gefühlten) Ohnmacht? Geflüchtete erleben ihr Ankommen in Deutschland als eine immense Herausforderung (2023)
Landauer, Philipp;Zitatform
Landauer, Philipp (2023): Raus aus der (gefühlten) Ohnmacht? Geflüchtete erleben ihr Ankommen in Deutschland als eine immense Herausforderung. In: IAB-Forum H. 05.01.2023 Nürnberg. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20230105.01
Abstract
"Ob es Geflüchteten gelingt, in einer neuen Gesellschaft anzukommen, hängt sowohl von ihnen selbst als auch von den Einheimischen ab. Anhand von Erzählungen Geflüchteter verdeutlicht eine IAB-Studie, dass diese den schwierigen Prozess des Ankommens vor allem als ein stetes Ringen um Handlungsfähigkeit erleben – mit individuell höchst unterschiedlichem Erfolg." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Why Personal Ties (Still) Matter: Referrals and Congestion (2023)
Mylius, F.;Zitatform
Mylius, F. (2023): Why Personal Ties (Still) Matter: Referrals and Congestion. (Cambridge working papers in economics 2356), Cambridge, 21 S.
Abstract
"The internet has reduced search costs significantly, making it much easier to apply for a large number of jobs. In spite of that, the share of jobs found through personal contacts has remained stable over the past decades. My theoretical framework explores a new channel that makes referred candidates favorable for firms: a higher likelihood to accept a job offer. This trait becomes particularly advantageous whenever firms face large uncertainty over whether their candidates would accept their job offer. As we see, if search barriers vanish and workers apply to more firms, a referred candidate expects to face more competitors. On the other hand, with more applications being sent out, workers are, on average, less interested in each firm they apply to, which makes referred candidates stand out more. This means the chances of getting a job offer through a referral can increase if competing workers send out more applications." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The weakness of common job contacts (2023)
Zitatform
Ruiz-Palazuelos, Sofía, María Paz Espinosa & Jaromír Kovářík (2023): The weakness of common job contacts. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 160. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2023.104594
Abstract
"Many people obtain job information from friends and acquaintances. However, one factor influencing labor-market outcomes that is ignored in the literature is the presence of overlapping friendship circles in social networks. We find that overlapping friendship networks produce correlated information flows, resulting in an increased probability of two events: either receiving redundant job offers or receiving no job offers at all. Consequently, people with common contact networks exhibit worse employment prospects even if they have the same number of information providers and compete with the same number of people for vacancies. In quantitative terms, the impact of overlapping friendship circles rivals that of the number of direct contacts and contacts’ contacts. This implies that the results in Calvó-Armengol (2004) only apply for networks where people’s friends are neither connected nor have common contacts. Because overlapping friendship circles are a crucial aspect of strong relationships, our findings uncover an alternative mechanism behind “The Strength of Weak Ties” (Granovetter, 1973): their ability to maintain independence in job information flows. We further show that people with common job contacts earn lower incomes on average. However, conditional on being employed, their expected wage is higher because they can take advantage of the multiple job offers received by selecting the one with the highest pay." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Measuring Income Inequality in Social Networks (2023)
Stark, Oded; Bielawski, Jakub; Falniowski, Fryderyk;Zitatform
Stark, Oded, Jakub Bielawski & Fryderyk Falniowski (2023): Measuring Income Inequality in Social Networks. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16666), Bonn, 33 S.
Abstract
"We present a new index for measuring income inequality in networks. The index is based on income comparisons made by the members of a network who are linked with each other by direct social connections. To model the comparisons, we compose a measure of relative deprivation for networks. We base our new index on this measure. The index takes the form of a ratio: the network's aggregate level of relative deprivation divided by the aggregate level of the relative deprivation of a hypothetical network in which one member of the network receives all the income, and it is with this member that the other members of the network compare their incomes. We discuss the merits of this representation. We inquire how changes in the composition of a network affect the index. In addition, we show how the index accommodates specific network characteristics." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Pre-existing company contacts and premature termination of apprenticeship training in Germany (2023)
Weißmann, Markus; Roth, Tobias;Zitatform
Weißmann, Markus & Tobias Roth (2023): Pre-existing company contacts and premature termination of apprenticeship training in Germany. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 87. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2023.100839
Abstract
"Using longitudinal data from Starting Cohort 4 of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), we examined whether pre-existing strong ties and weak ties in the training company are associated with the risk of premature termination of apprenticeship training in Germany. This is highly relevant for the literature on social capital in the labor market since so far little is known about the role of social contacts for the turnover propensity of labor market entrants. By examining a potentially important factor for a successful labor market integration, our research also adds to both the school-to-work and the social stratification literature. Our empirical results are only partly consistent with our theoretically derived expectations. While contrary to our expectations, we found no association between strong ties and termination probability, weak ties were, as expected, associated with a lower probability of premature training termination among those apprentices who were trained in their desired occupation. Our main results, combined with several robustness checks, let us assume that this is due to better matched training situations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ressourcen von beruflich erfolgreichen Frauen: eine qualitative Studie zu Frauen mit und ohne Behinderung (2022)
Ehrig, Heike; Krumpholz, Doris;Zitatform
Ehrig, Heike & Doris Krumpholz (2022): Ressourcen von beruflich erfolgreichen Frauen. Eine qualitative Studie zu Frauen mit und ohne Behinderung. Münster: Waxmann Verlag, 356 S.
Abstract
"Die Unterrepräsentanz von berufstätigen Frauen in ranghohen Positionen ist nach wie vor ein Thema in Gesellschaft und Politik. In Wissenschaft und Forschung war der Fokus bisher eher darauf gerichtet, was Frauen an beruflichem Erfolg hindert, wo etwa strukturelle Barrieren oder persönliche Faktoren einen Einfluss haben. Dieser bislang eher defizitorientierte Blick auf gut qualifizierte und erfolgsmotivierte Frauen vernachlässigte die Frage nach den Ressourcen und Kompetenzen von Frauen, die beruflich erfolgreich geworden sind. Dabei wurde die Frage nach Erfolgsfaktoren von Frauen mit Behinderung überhaupt nicht gestellt. In dieser Untersuchung mit qualitativen Interviews wird nach den Ressourcen von Frauen mit und ohne Behinderung gefragt und ihre Kompetenzen, Strategien und die Relevanz von sozialen Beziehungen werden ermittelt. Was bedeutet es für Frauen mit und ohne Behinderung, beruflich erfolgreich zu sein? Über welche Kompetenzen verfügen sie? Wie gestalten sie soziale Beziehungen und welche Strategien wenden sie an? Welche Empfehlungen geben sie anderen Frauen und Arbeitgeber*innen bzw. Organisationen? Dieses Buch will neben dem Beitrag zur Forschung auch hilfreiche Anregungen geben für Interessenvertretungen wie Gleichstellungsbeauftragte, Diversity-Beauftragte, Schwerbehindertenvertrauensleute und Personalrätinnen. Darüber hinaus können auch Führungskräfte, Erwachsenenbildner*innen und Pädagog*innen profitieren." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis bei der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek -
Literaturhinweis
The Effect of Co-ethnic Social Capital on Immigrants' Labor Market Integration: A Natural Experiment (2022)
Zitatform
Gërxhani, Klarita & Yuliya Kosyakova (2022): The Effect of Co-ethnic Social Capital on Immigrants' Labor Market Integration: A Natural Experiment. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 10, 2022-03-15. DOI:10.1186/s40878-022-00289-x
Abstract
"Empirically identifying the causal effect of social capital on immigrants’ economic prospects is a challenging task due to the non-random residential sorting of immigrants into locations with greater opportunities for prior or co-ethnic connections. Our study addresses this selection-bias issue by using a natural-experimental dataset of refugees and other immigrants who were exogenously allocated to their first place of residence by German authorities. This unique opportunity allows us to make an important methodological contribution to the predominantly observational knowledge about immigration and co-ethnic social capital. Although a growing body of migration studies in economics and sociology stresses the importance of social networks for migrants’ labor market integration, our results show little evidence of a causal effect of social networks themselves. Being part of a larger co-ethnic community per se does not accelerate immigrants’ labor market success except for the migrants who use the resources embedded in their social contacts when looking for a job. We conclude that further methodological advancements can be achieved by embracing recent technological developments and by combining different methods to increase both internal and external validity of findings in migration studies." (Author's abstract, © Springer Nature) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ethnic enclaves and immigrant economic integration: High-quality enclave networks encourage labor market success for newly arriving immigrants (2022)
Zitatform
Schüller, Simone & Tanika Chakraborty (2022): Ethnic enclaves and immigrant economic integration. High-quality enclave networks encourage labor market success for newly arriving immigrants. (IZA world of labor 287), Bonn, 10 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.287.v2
Abstract
"Aus theoretischer Sicht ist offen, ob ethnische Enklaven die ökonomischen Eingliederungschancen limitieren oder aber Migranten dabei helfen, sich dank eines besseren Zugangs zu Informationen und Arbeitsplätzen erfolgreicher zu integrieren. Empirische Belege deuten darauf hin, dass Zuwanderer, die sich in ethnischen Enklaven niederlassen, ein höheres Einkommen erzielen können – primär hängt dies von der Qualität des ethnischen Netzwerks ab. Eine Politik, die Anreize für Neuzuwanderer schafft, sich in Regionen mit relativ hohen Beschäftigungsquoten und hohem Bildungsniveau innerhalb der eigenen ethnischen Gruppe niederzulassen, kann ihre Integration in den Gesamtarbeitsmarkt fördern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Deutsche Kurzfassung -
Literaturhinweis
Network explanations of the gender gap in migrants' employment patterns: Use of online and offline networks in the Netherlands (2021)
Zitatform
Bilecen, Başak & Verena Seibel (2021): Network explanations of the gender gap in migrants' employment patterns: Use of online and offline networks in the Netherlands. In: Journal of Family Research, Jg. 33, H. 2, S. 541-565. DOI:10.20377/jfr-484
Abstract
"Objective: We investigate the relation between having online and offline personal networks and employment for male and female migrants in the Netherlands. Background: Previous research diagnoses an alarming gender gap for migrants in their employment patterns. Although social networks are identified as being crucial for migrants' labor market participation, we know very little about how migrant men and women differ in their social networks and how these differences translate into varying employment opportunities. Method: Drawing on the Dutch Immigrant Panel of LISS (Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences) dataset, we examined migrants' employment patters who have arrived to the Netherlands under different migration streams by conducting logistic regression models. Results: We identify two major findings. While contrary to our expectations, migrant women tend to be connected with those who are employed and with a Dutch background, less connected to men and have a rather dense network structure. Nonetheless, women's personal networks do not significantly account for their unemployment, but rather their less use of LinkedIn than migrant men. Conclusion: Our findings have implications in understanding network inequalities for female migrants in their labor market participation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Hiring Your Friends: Evidence from the Market for Financial Economists (2021)
Zitatform
Hadlock, Charles J. & Joshua R. Pierce (2021): Hiring Your Friends: Evidence from the Market for Financial Economists. In: ILR review, Jg. 74, H. 4, S. 977-1007. DOI:10.1177/0019793919896755
Abstract
"The authors study connections in academic hiring in a sample of finance doctoral graduates. Departments hire PhD graduates with school connections to other recently hired faculty at a significantly greater rate than models predict. Similarly, schools exhibit an elevated propensity to hire individuals with names that indicate a similar ethnic background to incumbent department members. School-connected hires tend to publish at significantly elevated rates, a finding that is robust to a large number of model modifications and is stronger in more research-intensive departments. The evidence on school connections appears highly consistent with an employer information benefit from hiring based on school connections. Ethnic-connected hires tend to publish at lower-than-predicted rates when controlling for hiring-school characteristics, but this finding is not robust to the inclusion of hiring-school fixed effects. This evidence suggests that the possible information benefits of school-connected hiring do not immediately extend to other types of connections." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Whom do you know? Recruiters' motives for assessing jobseekers' online networks (2021)
Hedenus, Anna; Håkansson, Peter; Backman, Christel;Zitatform
Hedenus, Anna, Christel Backman & Peter Håkansson (2021): Whom do you know? Recruiters' motives for assessing jobseekers' online networks. In: The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Jg. 32, H. 8, S. 1754-1777. DOI:10.1080/09585192.2019.1579245
Abstract
"Network recruitment has become an essential part of the modern labour market. However, there are significant research gaps: 1) the development of social media has been crucial to the growth of social networks, yet we know little about its influence on network recruitment; 2) studies on network recruitment generally focus on employees' rather than employers' perspectives; 3) the context of most research is the US labour market, which then identifies a need for contributions relating to other countries. The aim of this study is to analyse and discuss recruiters' use of SNS to evaluate the networks of potential candidates. To understand how and why recruiters assess online networks, we used qualitative data from a Swedish study. Our analysis showed that recruiters search the internet either to find information that helps them ascertain the candidate as trustworthy, or to evaluate the candidate's social capital through the size and composition of their networks. For certain job positions especially, active management of one's online networks thus becomes crucial. Finally, this study illustrates how network connections may undermine rather than build trust, and thereby challenges a belief in the positive impact of networks." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social Capital and Its Effect on Labour Market (Mis)match: Migrants' Overqualification in Germany (2021)
Kracke, Nancy; Klug, Christina;Zitatform
Kracke, Nancy & Christina Klug (2021): Social Capital and Its Effect on Labour Market (Mis)match: Migrants' Overqualification in Germany. In: Journal of International Migration and Integration, Jg. 22, H. 4, S. 1573-1598. DOI:10.1007/s12134-021-00817-1
Abstract
"If a person is overqualified in the sense that an employee's level of training exceeds the job requirements, then some human capital lies idle and cannot be converted into appropriate (monetary and non-monetary) returns. Migrants are particularly at risk of being overqualified in their employment; however, this phenomenon cannot be fully explained by differences in human capital or socio-economic characteristics. This paper examines whether social capital plays a decisive role in migrants' risk of overqualification in Germany. Using data from the German IAB-SOEP Migration Sample, we analyse the job search process of migrants to determine whether social networks influence their risk of being employed below their acquired educational level. We estimate logistic regression models and find that social capital influences the adequacy of migrants' jobs: We show that migrants are at a greater risk of overqualification if they use only informal job search strategies such as relying on friends or family members. Moreover, we find that homophilous migrant networks and jobs in employment niches are risk factors for overqualification. We conclude that the combination of informal job search modes and homophilous migrant networks leads to a comparably high risk for migrants of being overqualified in their employment in the German labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Dann eben mithilfe meiner Leute: Wie Netzwerke helfen, ethnische Diskriminierung bei der Jobsuche zu umgehen (2021)
Schulz, Benjamin;Zitatform
Schulz, Benjamin (2021): Dann eben mithilfe meiner Leute. Wie Netzwerke helfen, ethnische Diskriminierung bei der Jobsuche zu umgehen. In: WZB-Mitteilungen, Jg. 173, S. 9-11.
Abstract
"Auch in Deutschland geht die ethnische Herkunft mit erheblichen Nachteilen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt einher. Neben beruflichen Qualifikationen und Deutschkenntnis en bestimmen auch die soziale Einbettung und ethnische Diskriminierung die Arbeitsmarktintegration. Längsschnittliche Analysen von Daten des Nationalen Bildungspanels zeigen, dass Zugewanderte stärker von der Nutzung ihrer sozialen Ressourcen profitieren als Deutsche ohne Migrationshintergrund, vor allem Menschen aus ehemaligen Anwerbeländern wie der Türkei. Ihnen kann die Nutzung persönlicher Netzwerke helfen, um (erwartete) Diskriminierung zu umgehen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Coworker Networks and the Labor Market Outcomes of Displaced Workers: Evidence from Portugal (2021)
Zitatform
Silva, Marta & Jose Garcia-Louzao (2021): Coworker Networks and the Labor Market Outcomes of Displaced Workers: Evidence from Portugal. (Working paper series / Lietuvos Bankas 95), Vilnius, 36 S.
Abstract
"The use of social contacts in the labor market is widespread. This paper investigates the impact of personal connections on hiring probabilities and re-employment outcomes of displaced workers in Portugal. We rely on rich matched employer-employee data to define personal connections that arise from interactions at the workplace. Our empirical strategy exploits firm closures to select workers who are exogenously forced to search for a new job and leverages variation across displaced workers with direct connections to prospective employers. The hiring analysis indicates that displaced workers with a direct link to a firm through a former coworker are roughly three times more likely to be hired compared to workers displaced from the same closing event who lack such a tie. However, we find that the effect varies according to the type of connection as well as firms' similarity. Finally, we show that successful displaced workers with a connection in the hiring firm have higher entry-level wages and enjoy greater job security although these advantages disappear over time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How much do network support and managerial skills affect women's entrepreneurial success? The overlooked role of country economic development (2021)
Welsh, Dianne H. B.; Alonso-Dos-Santos, Manuel; Llanos-Contreras, Orlando; Kaciak, Eugene;Zitatform
Welsh, Dianne H. B., Orlando Llanos-Contreras, Manuel Alonso-Dos-Santos & Eugene Kaciak (2021): How much do network support and managerial skills affect women's entrepreneurial success? The overlooked role of country economic development. In: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, Jg. 33, H. 3/4, S. 287-308. DOI:10.1080/08985626.2021.1872939
Abstract
"The success of women-owned businesses with regard to the stages of economic development of countries is under-examined on a global basis. This study explores the relationship between country economic and political contexts and assesses the importance of entrepreneurs’ networks and managerial skills on women’s entrepreneurial success. The research uses data from 22 countries chosen from multi-dimensional country context constructs (i.e., select economic and political factors) and measures both family and external moral and financial support and managerial skills. The results show that stock (managerial skill) and flow (family and non-family support) differentially influence women’s entrepreneurial success in countries at varying levels of competitive development. In particular, the results confirm the positive influence of managerial skills and family moral and financial support on women’s entrepreneurial success (based on annual income) in countries at a higher level of competitive development and confirm their negative influence in countries at a lower level of competitive growth. Moreover, the results reveal influences of non-family financial support (positive for highly competitive countries) on income but not non-family moral support. Public policy implications are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The gender gap in job authority: Do social network resources matter? (2020)
Zitatform
Blommaert, Lieselotte, Roza Meuleman, Stefan Leenheer & Anete Butkevica (2020): The gender gap in job authority: Do social network resources matter? In: Acta sociologica, Jg. 63, H. 4, S. 381-399. DOI:10.1177/0001699319847504
Abstract
"Women generally have less job authority than men. Previous research has shown that human capital, family features and contextual factors cannot fully explain this gender authority gap. Another popular explanation holds that women's career opportunities are limited because their social networks comprise less beneficial contacts and resources than men's. Yet, the role of social networks has received little attention in empirical research seeking to explain the gender gap in job authority. This study examines to what extent gender differences in social networks exist and are related to the gender authority gap. Drawing on two strands of social network theory, we develop hypotheses about the role of network diversity and network status. We test these hypotheses using representative longitudinal data from the Netherlands Longitudinal Lifecourse Study (2009 - 2013). Results reveal that women generally had less diverse occupational networks in terms of contacts' occupations and were less likely to know managers than men, network features which are found to be significantly related to job authority. Controlling for these gender differences in networks leads to a reduction of the observed gender authority gap that is statistically significant but modest in substantive terms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unemployment services for newly arrived migrants in Sweden: The privatization and rebureaucratization of the introduction programme (2020)
Zitatform
Ennerberg, Elin (2020): Unemployment services for newly arrived migrants in Sweden. The privatization and rebureaucratization of the introduction programme. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 54, H. 5, S. 719-732. DOI:10.1111/spol.12571
Abstract
"A recent policy reform in Sweden reorganized the management of newly arrived migrants' entrance into the labour market, which resulted in the Swedish Public Employment Service being given coordinating responsibility and introducing private service providers. Building on qualitative interviews with public employment officers and private actors, this study focuses on how the political contradictions in the new 2-year introduction programme are managed at the organizational level. In the article, it is argued that although both public employment officers and private actors experience difficulty separating unemployed migrants' need for social support from the workfare ambitions of the programme, aspects of privatization?such as freedom of choice and the service specification?further complicate this situation. Thus, the individualization aspects of the policy should be viewed as countering some of the more controlling aspects of the reform, thus, in effect, neutralizing its liberalizing tendencies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Lebenswelten und soziale Netzwerke von jungen Geflüchteten und Zugewanderten am Übergang in Ausbildung und Beruf (2020)
Heisler, Dietmar; Schemmer, Susanne;Zitatform
Heisler, Dietmar & Susanne Schemmer (2020): Lebenswelten und soziale Netzwerke von jungen Geflüchteten und Zugewanderten am Übergang in Ausbildung und Beruf. In: Berufs- und Wirtschaftspädagogik - online H. 38, S. 1-23.
Abstract
"Jugend wird als eine eigenständige Lebens- und Entwicklungsphase betrachtet. Für junge Geflüchtete stellt sie eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Für sie geht es nicht nur um die Bewältigung alterstypischer Entwicklungsaufgaben, sondern auch um eine gelingende Integration in die Aufnahmegesellschaft. Dazu gehören u. a. das Kennenlernen und die Aneignung von Sprache, Kultur und Werten, genauso die Erschließung von Alltagsräumen und Lebenswelten, z. B. von Freizeitmöglichkeiten, Bildung und von beruflichen Erfahrungsräumen. Die Frage zur gelingenden Integration und Gestaltung von Lebenswelten junger Geflüchteter wurde im Kontext der wissenschaftlichen Begleitung des Projekts „angekommen in Deiner Stadt“ der Walter Blüchert Stiftung genauer untersucht. Der Beitrag referiert u. a. die Ergebnisse einer in diesem Kontext durchgeführten egozentrierten Netzwerkanalyse. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Angebote den Rahmen für den Aufbau und die Erweiterung kommunikativer, sozialer Netzwerke darstellen und lebensweltliche Zugänge öffnen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of social segregation on the labor market outcomes of low-skilled workers (2020)
Horváth, Gergely;Zitatform
Horváth, Gergely (2020): The impact of social segregation on the labor market outcomes of low-skilled workers. In: The Scandinavian journal of economics, Jg. 122, H. 1, S. 3-37. DOI:10.1111/sjoe.12324
Abstract
"We study the impact of network homophily on labor market outcomes in a search and matching model with two job search channels: the formal market and social contacts. There are two worker types: low-skilled and high-skilled workers. The homophily level determines whether the referral networks of the two types are mixed or segregated from each other. We show that there exists an intermediate homophily level that minimizes the unemployment rate and maximizes the wages of low-skilled workers. Complete integration does not maximize the welfare of low-skilled workers, unless it improves their productivity. We argue that our model can explain the empirical findings on the labor market effects of the Moving-to-Opportunity experiment and the integration of immigrants." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do neighbors help finding a job?: social networks and labor market outcomes after plant closures (2020)
Zitatform
Jahn, Elke & Michael Neugart (2020): Do neighbors help finding a job? Social networks and labor market outcomes after plant closures. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 65, S. 1-15., 2020-04-01. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2020.101825
Abstract
"Social networks may affect workers’ labor market outcomes. Using rich spatial data from administrative records, we analyze whether the employment status of neighbors influences the employment probability of a worker who lost his job due to a plant closure and the channels through which this occurs. Our findings suggest that a ten percentage point higher neighborhood employment rate increases the probability of having a job six months after displacement by 0.9 percentage points. The neighborhood effect seems to be driven not by social norms but by information transmission at the neighborhood level, and additionally by networks of former co-workers who also lost their jobs due to plant closure." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The weakness of strong (and weak) ties: obtaining a government job (2020)
Zitatform
Kong, Fanyi & Xuhong Su (2020): The weakness of strong (and weak) ties: obtaining a government job. In: International Journal of Public Administration, Jg. 43, H. 9, S. 790-803. DOI:10.1080/01900692.2019.1659816
Abstract
"Between merit principles and social contacts, how they facilitate individuals to obtain a government job in the United States remains unsettled. Based on a survey administered via Amazon Mturk, this study finds that merit-based selection constitutes the most significant means to obtain public jobs, particularly so in state and local governments despite of sizeable respondents claiming other venues. The use of social contacts, including both strong and weak ties, shows little advantage on obtaining public employment but proves significant in private organizations. Controlling individuals' previous job obtaining experience, the study contends that variations on job obtaining methods can be reasonably attributable to institutional distinctiveness that features different rules, procedures and regulations. Merit principles are kept alive in governments, though challenges persist, particularly so in federal government. The study ends up with a discussion of research findings and their implications in HR practices." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Rolle des sozialen Netzwerkes von Langzeitarbeitslosen: Mitgliedschaften in Vereinen und Hilfe bei Alltagsproblemen können Jobchancen erhöhen (2020)
Zitatform
Krug, Gerhard, Mark Trappmann & Christof Wolf (2020): Rolle des sozialen Netzwerkes von Langzeitarbeitslosen: Mitgliedschaften in Vereinen und Hilfe bei Alltagsproblemen können Jobchancen erhöhen. (IAB-Kurzbericht 22/2020), Nürnberg, 8 S.
Abstract
"Soziale Kontakte können eine wesentliche Rolle bei der Re-Integration von Langzeitarbeitslosen in den Arbeitsmarkt spielen. Sie können etwa Informationen über freie Stellen weitergeben, mitunter Einfluss auf Einstellungen nehmen oder bei der Bewältigung der Folgen anhaltender Arbeitslosigkeit helfen. Die Autoren untersuchen die sozialen Kontakte Langzeitarbeitsloser und prüfen, ob und welche dieser Beziehungen bei der Arbeitsaufnahme hilfreich sind. Haben Langzeitarbeitslose etwa einen Freundes- und Bekanntenkreis, der bereit ist, sie bei der Stellensuche zu unterstützen, verbessert dies entgegen der Erwartung ihre Beschäftigungschancen nicht. Freunde und Bekannte, die bei der Bewältigung von Alltagsproblemen helfen können, erhöhen dagegen die Beschäftigungschancen von Langzeitarbeitslosen ebenso wie aktive Mitgliedschaften in freiwilligen Vereinigungen wie Sportvereinen, Gewerkschaften oder Kirchen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Connecting employers and workers: Can recommendations from the Public Employment Service Act as a substitute for social contacts? (2020)
Zitatform
Liechti, Fabienne (2020): Connecting employers and workers: Can recommendations from the Public Employment Service Act as a substitute for social contacts? In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 34, H. 4, S. 587-604. DOI:10.1177/0950017019836888
Abstract
"This article investigates how employers value recommendations from the public employment service (PES) compared to recommendations from a social contact for their hiring decision. The importance of social contacts in the labour market creates inequality by putting those with a weak social network at a disadvantage. It is therefore important to know if public agencies acting as labour market intermediaries (LMI) can compensate for this disadvantage. This question is investigated by means of a factorial survey experiment conducted among Swiss human resources professionals. The results demonstrate that employers value recommendations from social contacts as well as the PES. However, the latter is not able to fully substitute for the effect of social networks." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of co-national networks on asylum seekers' employment: Quasi-experimental evidence from Germany (2020)
Zitatform
Stips, Felix & Krisztina Kis-Katos (2020): The impact of co-national networks on asylum seekers' employment: Quasi-experimental evidence from Germany. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 15, H. 8. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0236996
Abstract
"Using novel registry data on persons receiving asylum welfare benefits in Germany for the period from 2010 to 2016, and quasi-experimental variation induced by German allocation policies, we identify the role that the size and composition of local co-national networks of asylum seekers play for formal labor market access within the same group. While the individual employment probability is not linked to network size, it increases with the number of employed local co-national asylum seekers and decreases with the number of non-employed network members, thereby underlining the central importance of network quality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ethnic networks and the employment of asylum seekers: Evidence from Germany (2020)
Zitatform
Stips, Felix & Krisztina Kis-Katos (2020): Ethnic networks and the employment of asylum seekers. Evidence from Germany. (IZA discussion paper 12903), Bonn, 23 S.
Abstract
"Using novel registry data on the population of asylum seekers in Germany for the period from 2010 to 2016, and quasi-experimental variation induced by German allocation policies, we identify causal effects of the size and composition of local co-national networks on formal labor market access of asylum seekers. While the individual employment probability is not linked to network size, it increases with the number of employed local co-national asylum seekers and decreases with the number of non-employed network members, thereby underlining the central importance of network quality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Immigration, social networks, and occupational mismatch (2019)
Zitatform
Alaverdyan, Sevak & Anna Zaharieva (2019): Immigration, social networks, and occupational mismatch. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 1033), Berlin, 48 S.
Abstract
"In this study we investigate the link between the job search channels that workers use to find employment and the probability of occupational mismatch in the new job. Our specific focus is on differences between native and immigrant workers. We use data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) over the period 2000-2014. First, we document that referral hiring via social networks is the most frequent single channel of generating jobs in Germany; in relative terms referrals are used more frequently by immigrant workers compared to natives. Second, our data reveals that referral hiring is associated with the highest rate of occupational mismatch among all channels in Germany. We combine these findings and use them to develop a theoretical search and matching model with two ethnic groups of workers (natives and immigrants), two search channels (formal and referral hiring) and two occupations. When modeling social networks we take into account ethnic and professional homophily in the link formation. Our model predicts that immigrant workers face stronger risk of unemployment and often rely on recommendations from their friends and relatives as a channel of last resort. Furthermore, higher rates of referral hiring produce more frequent occupational mismatch of the immigrant population compared to natives. We test this prediction empirically and confirm that more intensive network hiring contributes significantly to higher rates of occupational mismatch among immigrants. Finally, we document that the gaps in the incidence of referrals and mismatch rates are reduced among second generation immigrants indicating some degree of integration in the German labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Hiring through referrals in a labor market with adverse selection (2019)
Dariel, Aurelie; Siegenthaler, Simon; Riedl, Arno;Zitatform
Dariel, Aurelie, Arno Riedl & Simon Siegenthaler (2019): Hiring through referrals in a labor market with adverse selection. (CESifo working paper 7610), München, 30 S.
Abstract
"Information asymmetries can prevent markets from operating efficiently. An important example is the labor market, where employers face uncertainty about the productivity of job candidates. We examine theoretically and with laboratory experiments three key questions related to hiring via referrals when employees have private information about their productivity. First, do firms use employee referrals when there are social ties between a current employee and a future employee? Second, does the existence of social ties and hiring through employee referrals indeed alleviate adverse selection relative to when social ties do not exist? Third, does the existence of social ties have spill-over effects on wages and hiring in competitive labor markets? The answers to all three questions are affirmative. However, despite the identified positive effect of employee referrals, hiring decisions fall short of the (second-best) efficient outcome. We identify risk aversion as a potential reason for this." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social connections and the sorting of workers to firms (2019)
Zitatform
Eliason, Marcus, Lena Hensvik, Francis Kramarz & Oskar Nordström Skans (2019): Social connections and the sorting of workers to firms. (IZA discussion paper 12323), Bonn, 54 S2.
Abstract
"The literature on social networks often presumes that job search through (strong) social ties leads to increased inequality by providing privileged individuals with access to more attractive labor market opportunities. We assess this presumption in the context of sorting between AKM-style person and establishment fixed effects. Our rich Swedish register data allow us to measure connections between agents - workers to workers and workers to firms - through parents, children, siblings, spouses, former co-workers and classmates from high school/college, and current neighbors. In clear contrast with the above presumption, there is less sorting inequality among the workers hired through social networks. This outcome results from opposing factors. On the one hand, reinforcing positive sorting, high-wage job seekers are shown to have social connections to high-wage workers, and therefore to high-wage firms (because of sorting of workers over firms). Furthermore, connections have a causal impact on the allocation of workers across workplaces - employers are much more likely to hire displaced workers to whom they are connected through their employees, in particular if their social ties are strong. On the other hand, attenuating positive sorting, the (causal) impact is much stronger for low-wage firms than it is for high-wage firms, irrespective of the type of worker involved, even conditional on worker fixed effects. The lower degree of sorting among connected hires thus arises because low-wage firms use their (relatively few) connections to high-wage workers to hire workers of a type that they are unable to attract through market channels." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Pathways to the power elite: The organizational landscape of elite careers (2019)
Ellersgaard, Christoph Houman; Lunding, Jacob Aagaard; Larsen, Anton Grau; Henriksen, Lasse Folke;Zitatform
Ellersgaard, Christoph Houman, Jacob Aagaard Lunding, Lasse Folke Henriksen & Anton Grau Larsen (2019): Pathways to the power elite: The organizational landscape of elite careers. In: The sociological review, Jg. 67, H. 5, S. 1170-1192. DOI:10.1177/0038026119852301
Abstract
"To capture elites, we must map out the organizational landscape through which they pass during their careers. This organizational landscape moulds the character of elites, tells us about the prestige of organizations that are elite incubators and provides valuable indicators about how different sectoral experiences serve to accumulate capital for the elite. Unpacking the organizational experience challenges theoretical and methodological understandings of the elite character, calling for a renewed focus on the organizational embedding of elites after school. By analysing the occupational history of 416 highly central individuals in a Danish elite network, what we term 'the power elite', a very distinct set of career trajectories, running through a subset of large, well-established, interconnected organizations, is mapped and analysed. To understand the different ways in which the members of this power elite accumulate 'organizational capital' in different fields, sequence analysis on six distinct channels, sector, subsector, size, level, rhythm and geography, is applied. Through this multi-channel sequence analysis, 10 distinct clusters of career trajectories are identified, distinguishing primarily between four private sector clusters: corporate ambassadors, industrial inner circle, bankers and landed gentry; and six public sector clusters: state nobility, professional politicians, lobbyists, scientists, unionists, and education and local politics. Analysing the careers, private sector careers are shown to be more homogeneous than public sector careers, while careers based on positions with a democratic mandate, mainly politicians and union leaders, are more turbulent and unpredictable. We link pathways to social backgrounds, showing preference for pathways for the natives in the upper class." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender, social networks, and microenterprise: Differences in network effects on business performance (2019)
Kim, Seon Mi;Zitatform
Kim, Seon Mi (2019): Gender, social networks, and microenterprise: Differences in network effects on business performance. In: Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, Jg. 46, H. 3, S. 1-35.
Abstract
"This article aims to find if female micro-entrepreneurs have different social networks that affect their business performance from males. This article uses the longitudinal Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamic (PSED) II data set (2005-2011) in the U.S. The key finding is that even in cases where female micro-entrepreneurs gained the same number of weak ties and resources from their networks as their male counterparts, their weak ties and gained resources did not help them to improve their business performance unlike their male counterparts. Implications for Microenterprise Development Programs and future studies are informed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Soziale Ressourcen und die Wahl von Ausbildungsberufen (2019)
Kropp, Per;Zitatform
Kropp, Per (2019): Soziale Ressourcen und die Wahl von Ausbildungsberufen. In: N. Burzan (Hrsg.) (2019): Komplexe Dynamiken globaler und lokaler Entwicklungen, Göttingen, S. 1-7.
Abstract
"Die vorgestellte Studie hat als inhaltliches Ziel, die Wirkung sozialer Ressourcen über einfache Indikatoren wie die Berufsangaben von Verwandten und Freunden auf die Platzierung im Ausbildungssystem zu untersuchen. Sie verfolgte zugleich das methodische Ziel, diese Platzierung über unterschiedliche „Attraktivitäts“merkmale für (Ausbildungs-)Berufe zu erfassen. Inhaltlich zeigt sich in dieser Studie, die auf einer schriftlichen Befragung von Auszubildenden am Ende des ersten Ausbildungsjahrs in über 70 Berufsschulklassen in Regionen Sachsen-Anhalts und Thüringens beruht, dass Jugendlichen mit günstiger Ressourcenausstattung der Zugang zu attraktiven Ausbildungen besser gelingt als Jugendlichen mit weniger günstigen Netzwerken oder schlechteren schulischen Voraussetzungen. Es wirken also ähnliche Matching-Prozesse wie auf dem Arbeitsmarkt allgemein. Die Ergebnisse bieten eine gute Erklärung, wie sich Auszubildenden in die Hierarchie der Ausbildungsberufe einordnen, wenn man ihre Tariflöhne, die Übernahmechancen, das Lösungsrisikos und die Abschlusszuversicht betrachtet. Dabei liefern Netzwerkvariablen einen wichtigen Erklärungsbeitrag hinsichtlich der Tariflöhne und des Berufsprestiges. Als methodisch problematisch wird die Verwendung von der SIOPS-Werte als Prestigeskalen für die Klassifizierung der Berufe eingeschätzt. Sie tragen den Besonderheiten und dem Stellenwert der dualen Berufsausbildung eher unzureichend Rechnung. Jedoch fehlten Alternativen, die für die aktuelle Klassifikation der Berufe genutzt werden könnten. Zu prüfen ist auch, ob das Konzept der Berufsähnlichkeit in der vorliegenden Operationalisierung (Prüfung ob die Berufsgattungen identisch sind) zu vereinfacht umgesetzt ist. Alternativen könnten der Vergleich der weniger aggregierten Berufs(unter)gruppen oder der im ersten Abschnitt erwähnten „Berufswechselfelder“ sein. Zusammenfassend lässt sich feststellen, dass schon die Nutzung einfacher Indikatoren für soziale Ressourcen ein besseres Verständnis von Arbeitsmarktprozessen erlaubt. Die Verwendung unterschiedlicher „Attraktivitäts“-Indikatoren erlaubt einen facettenreichen Blick auf den Berufswahlprozess." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Kropp, Per;Weiterführende Informationen
Hier finden Sie sämtliche Beiträge des Kongressbandes. -
Literaturhinweis
Holland/Leinhardt (1976): Local Structure in Social Networks (2019)
Kropp, Per;Zitatform
Kropp, Per (2019): Holland/Leinhardt (1976): Local Structure in Social Networks. In: B. Holzer & C. Stegbauer (Hrsg.) (2019): Schlüsselwerke der Netzwerkforschung, S. 271-274, 2018-06-04. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-21742-6_62
Abstract
"Die siebziger Jahre des 20. Jahrhunderts gehörten zur Formierungsphase der Netzwerkforschung, in der Forschungsgruppen aus verschiedenen Disziplinen und von verschiedenen Universitäten zueinander fanden. Ein wichtiger Beitrag waren die Arbeiten zur Triadenstatistik und zur statistischen Modellierung von sozialen Netzwerken, die von Paul W. Holland, Samuel Leinhardt und James A. Davis in den 1970er Jahren und Anfang der 1980er geleistet wurden, und deren Modelle auch als DHLModelle in die Netzwerkliteratur eingegangen sind. Davis arbeitete nach seiner Promotion in Harvard an der Universität in Chicago, wo Leinhardt einer seiner Studenten wurde (Davis und Leinhardt 1967), bevor dieser seine Laufbahn an der Carnegie Mellon University fortsetzte. Holland, 1966 in Stanford promoviert, lehrte in Michigan und Harvard, ehe er 1975 zum Educational Testing Services (ETS) wechselte." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Kropp, Per; -
Literaturhinweis
Barabási (2002): Linked (2019)
Kropp, Per;Zitatform
Kropp, Per (2019): Barabási (2002): Linked. In: B. Holzer & C. Stegbauer (Hrsg.) (2019): Schlüsselwerke der Netzwerkforschung, S. 23-26, 2018-06-04. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-21742-6_5
Abstract
"Ziel des Buches ist, das Denken in Netzwerkbegriffen zu vermitteln, so wie der Autor es aus der Perspektive der Physik und im Wesentlichen unbeeinflusst von der sozialwissenschaftlichen Netzwerkforschung entdeckt hat. Konsequenterweise ist das Buch nicht in Kapitel eingeteilt, sondern in vierzehn und einen letzten 'Link', und seit einer späteren Ausgabe einen weiteren 'Afterlink'." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Kropp, Per; -
Literaturhinweis
Soziale Netzwerke Langzeitarbeitsloser und die Aufnahme einer Erwerbstätigkeit (2019)
Zitatform
Krug, Gerhard, Christof Wolf & Mark Trappmann (2019): Soziale Netzwerke Langzeitarbeitsloser und die Aufnahme einer Erwerbstätigkeit. In: Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Jg. 48, H. 5-6, S. 349-365., 2019-10-15. DOI:10.1515/zfsoz-2019-0025
Abstract
"Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, ob die sozialen Netzwerke von Arbeitslosen deren Chancen zur Aufnahme einer Erwerbstätigkeit positiv beeinflussen. Ausgehend von in der aktuellen Literatur diskutierten Wirkmechanismen werden mehrere Hypothesen zu unterschiedlichen Aspekten des Netzwerks aufgestellt. Es wird angenommen, dass Arbeitslose umso eher in Arbeit kommen, je größer der Umfang ihrer (starken und schwachen) sozialen Beziehungen ist, je mehr Kontakt zu Erwerbstätigen sie haben und je mehr Ressourcen ihr Netzwerk enthält. Auf Basis des Panels 'Arbeitsmarkt und soziale Sicherung' mit dem Schwerpunktmodul zu sozialem Kapital werden diese Hypothesen anhand einer Fixed-Effects Panelregression getestet. Wird für alle zeitkonstanten sowie für einschlägige zeitvariante Variablen kontrolliert, erweisen sich schwache Beziehungen, gemessen als aktive Mitgliedschaften in freiwilligen Vereinigungen, sowie der Umfang nicht unmittelbar auf die Stellensuche bezogener sozialer Ressourcen als bedeutsam für die Arbeitsmarktchancen. Der Beitrag endet mit einer Diskussion dieser Befunde." (Autorenreferat, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Informal job search through social networks and vacancy creation (2019)
Zitatform
Merlino, Luca Paolo (2019): Informal job search through social networks and vacancy creation. In: Economics Letters, Jg. 178, H. May, S. 82-85. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2019.03.006
Abstract
"In this paper I study the interaction between firms' decisions to open vacancies and workers' investment in social networks to find jobs. The transmission of information in the network generates positive search externalities so that in equilibrium vacancy creation and socialization are strategic complements. Despite this, there is a unique interior stable equilibrium." (Author's abstract, © 2019 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The strong, the weak and the meaningful: Do friends or acquaintances help us get "any" job, or "meaningful" work? (2019)
Zitatform
Patulny, Roger, Gaby Gamia, Zhuqin Feng, Michelle Peterie & Greg Marston (2019): The strong, the weak and the meaningful: Do friends or acquaintances help us get "any" job, or "meaningful" work? In: The International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, Jg. 39, H. 5/6, S. 376-394. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-11-2018-0193
Abstract
"Governments increasingly promote employment through social networks (whether via formal job networks or informal personal networks). However, they rarely account for how weak-tie 'bridging' networks and strong-tie 'bonding' networks differentially affect employment outcomes. Given criticism that (usually weak-tie bridging-focussed) formal job networks are overly focussed on finding entry-level (i.e. any) jobs, it is imperative to understand the impact of strong and weak ties on securing work with good conditions, or of meaning to the worker. Such links are poorly understood in the present literature. The paper aims to discuss this issue." (Autorenreferat, © Emerald Group)
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Literaturhinweis
Social isolation as stigma-management: Explaining long-term unemployed people's 'failure' to network (2019)
Zitatform
Peterie, Michelle, Gaby Ramia, Greg Marston & Roger Patulny (2019): Social isolation as stigma-management: Explaining long-term unemployed people's 'failure' to network. In: Sociology, Jg. 53, H. 6, S. 1043-1060. DOI:10.1177/0038038519856813
Abstract
"Social networks play an important role in helping people find employment, yet extant studies have argued that unemployed 'job-seekers' rarely engage in 'networking' behaviours. Previous explanations of this inactivity have typically focused on individual factors such as personality, knowledge and attitude, or suggested that isolation occurs because individuals lose access to the latent benefits of employment. Social stigma has been obscured in these debates, even as they have perpetuated stereotypes regarding individual responsibility for unemployment and the inherent value of paid work. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 80 unemployed Australians, this article argues that stigma-related shame is an important factor in networking decisions. First, it demonstrates that stigma is ubiquitous in the lives of the unemployed. Second, it identifies withdrawal from social networks and disassociation from 'the unemployed' as two key strategies that unemployed people use to manage stigma-related shame, and shows how these strategies reduce networking activities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employers' search: are employee referrals effective? (2019)
Rebien, Martina;Zitatform
Rebien, Martina (2019): Employers' search: are employee referrals effective? In: Economics Bulletin, Jg. 39, H. 4, S. 2499-2506., 2019-10-13.
Abstract
"This is the first study that utilizes the unplanned delay in recruitment to identify the effectiveness of employee referrals in firms' recruiting processes. I find that the use of referrals reduces the probability of delays in recruitment and the duration of the delay in the case that the firm chooses a small number of parallel search strategies. Therefore, employee referrals do have a beneficial effect on the recruiting process if they are used solely or in addition to very few other search strategies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do social networks mitigate stigma effects from long-term unemployment? (2019)
Rebien, Martina;Zitatform
Rebien, Martina (2019): Do social networks mitigate stigma effects from long-term unemployment? (IAB-Discussion Paper 16/2019), Nürnberg, 22 S.
Abstract
"Die Suche nach einer neuen Arbeit, bzw. nach neuen Mitarbeitern von betrieblicher Seite zeichnet sich durch einige Besonderheiten aus, wenn es um die Gruppe der Langzeitarbeitslosen geht. Aufgrund eines starken Stigmas das sich aus der Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit ergibt, erleben diese Personen besondere Schwierigkeiten einen neuen Job zu finden. Dieses Stigma beinhaltet unter anderem negative Annahmen über das Vorhandensein der notwendigen formalen Qualifikation, von Arbeitserfahrung, Belastbarkeit oder auch der Arbeitsmotivation. Des Weiteren kann eine lang andauernde Arbeitslosigkeit zu sozialer Isolation führen, da sich soziale Kontakte wahrscheinlicher zwischen Menschen mit gleichem Erwerbsstatus bilden und Kontakte in die Arbeitswelt dadurch verloren gehen. Allerdings sollten gerade Langzeitarbeitslose von der Empfehlung über soziale Kontakte profitieren können, da diese Empfehlungen die Negativeffekte von Stigmata möglicherweise reduzieren können. Anhand von repräsentativen Betriebsdaten der IAB-Stellenerhebung aus den Jahren 2016 und 2018, wird in diesem Papier untersucht, wie Betriebe die arbeitsrelevanten Eigenschaften und Fähigkeiten Langzeitarbeitsloser einschätzen und ob diese Personen davon profitieren, wenn Betriebe für ihre Suche nach neuen Mitarbeitern ihre sozialen Kontakte nutzen. Neben einer großen Zahl betriebsspezifischer Charakteristika, enthält die Befragung auch detaillierte Informationen zum Verlauf von Rekrutierungsprozessen. So wird erfragt ob ein Betrieb Bewerbungen von Langzeitarbeitslosen erhalten hat, ob er Langzeitarbeitslose zum Vorstellungsgespräch eingeladen hat und ob eine langzeitarbeitslose Person eingestellt wurde. Für jeden dieser Schritte ist es möglich zu identifizieren, ob der Betrieb soziale Kontakte für die Suche nach einem Bewerber verwendet hat. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Betriebe über die Nutzung sozialer Kontakte weniger Bewerbungen von Langzeitarbeitslosen erhalten. Ist dies jedoch der Fall, so erhöhen sich die Chancen Langzeitarbeitsloser eingeladen und auch eingestellt zu werden. Entsprechend kann geschlussfolgert werden, dass soziale Kontakte ein hilfreicher Weg für Langzeitarbeitslose sein können einen neuen Job zu finden. Bisher scheitert dies jedoch vor allem daran, dass diesen Personen diese hilfreichen Kontakte fehlen um den ersten Schritt zu tun und eine Bewerbung zu schicken." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Social and spatial networks in labour markets (2019)
Topa, Giorgio;Zitatform
Topa, Giorgio (2019): Social and spatial networks in labour markets. In: Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Jg. 35, H. 4, S. 722-745. DOI:10.1093/oxrep/grz019
Abstract
"Social connections and referrals are ubiquitous in the labour market, both on the job-seeker side and on the employer side. This article reviews recent developments in the study of referrals, highlighting what we have learned regarding the use and impact of referrals on various labour market outcomes and pointing out the increasingly nuanced picture we are gaining on the effects of referrals. It then discusses directions for future research, emphasizing the importance of using newly available data (and combinations of datasets) and of making tighter connections with the burgeoning macro-labour research that is based on a search and matching framework. Finally, it evaluates the role of referrals from the point of view of policy-makers, discussing their social welfare implications and ways in which they could be explicitly incorporated into various labour market policies. The importance of tighter collaboration between policy-makers, researchers, employers and practitioners is stressed, to conduct more rigorous experimentation and evaluation of potential referral-based policies and programmes." (Author's Abstract, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Can job search assistance improve the labour market integration of refugees? evidence from a field experiment (2018)
Zitatform
Battisti, Michele, Yvonne Giesing & Nadzeya Laurentsyeva (2018): Can job search assistance improve the labour market integration of refugees? evidence from a field experiment. (CESifo working paper 7292), München, 31 S.
Abstract
"We conducted a field experiment to evaluate the impact of job-search assistance on the employment of recently arrived refugees in Germany. The treatment group received jobmatching support: an NGO identified suitable vacancies and sent the refugees' CVs to employers. Results of follow-up phone surveys show a positive and significant treatment effect of 13 percentage points on employment after twelve months. These effects are concentrated among low-educated refugees and those facing uncertainty about their residence status. These individuals might not search effectively, lack access to alternative support programmes, and may be disregarded by employers due to perceived higher hiring costs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen in: Labour economics, 61 (2019), Art. 101745 -
Literaturhinweis
Networks and migrants' intended destination (2018)
Zitatform
Bertoli, Simone & Ilse Ruyssen (2018): Networks and migrants' intended destination. In: Journal of economic geography, Jg. 18, H. 4, S. 705-728. DOI:10.1093/jeg/lby012
Abstract
"Social networks are known to influence migration decisions, but connections between individuals remain usually unobserved. Surveys conducted by Gallup in 147 countries provide information on migration intentions and on distance-one connections in each destination. The distribution of distance-one connections mirrors the one of migrant stocks, and intentions are informative about actual decisions. The estimation of origin-specific conditional logit models reveals that distance-one connections can alter the ranking of most pairs of destinations. We test the validity of the distributional assumptions that underlie identification and perform extensive robustness checks, thus mitigating the concerns about the threats to identification posed by unobservables." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Macroeconomic conditions and well-being: do social interactions matter? (2018)
Colombo, Emilio; Rotondi, Valentina; Stanca, Luca;Zitatform
Colombo, Emilio, Valentina Rotondi & Luca Stanca (2018): Macroeconomic conditions and well-being: do social interactions matter? In: Applied Economics, Jg. 50, H. 28, S. 3029-3038. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2017.1414935
Abstract
"We investigate the role played by social interactions in the transmission of the effects of macroeconomic conditions on well-being. Using survey data for a representative sample of Italian individuals, we find that social interactions play a dual role. On the one hand, the well-being of people who spend more time with their friends or go out more often is less sensitive to macroeconomic fluctuations. On the other hand, social interactions are negatively affected by worsening macroeconomic conditions, thus playing a relevant role in the transmission of macroeconomic shocks to subjective well-being. More specifically, the negative impact of downturns on the frequency of going out and active participation in associations significantly contributes to the adverse effects of recessions on satisfaction with life and with individual life domains." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Non-kin ties as a source of support in Europe: understanding the role of cultural context (2018)
Conkova, Nina; Fokkema, Tineke; Dykstra, Pearl A.;Zitatform
Conkova, Nina, Tineke Fokkema & Pearl A. Dykstra (2018): Non-kin ties as a source of support in Europe. Understanding the role of cultural context. In: European Societies, Jg. 20, H. 1, S. 131-156. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2017.1405058
Abstract
"The 'crowding-out' and the 'decline of the family' hypotheses are the fundamental theoretical notions underlying the literature on cross-country differences in informal support. In this study, we expand upon these notions to develop and test the premise that cultural context shapes European's views about an often overlooked source of support: non-kin. We carefully conceptualise cultural context as individualistic values and familialistic norms. Employing multilevel multinomial models and European Quality of Life Survey data from 27 countries, we confirm the importance of decomposing the broader notion of culture by demonstrating that contexts with both less pronounced individualistic values and less pronounced familialistic norms are conducive to non-kin rather than kin or professional help. Moreover, unlike prior work, which suggested the existence of a north/west-south/east divide in support patterns, our findings show nuanced cross-national differences in the importance of non-kin ties as a source of advice and help when looking for a job. We find some of the highest levels of non-kin reliance in countries in southern and eastern Europe, and in northern and western Europe more generally. We conclude by proposing ways in which future research can advance our understanding of the role of context in shaping support patterns." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour market and social integration of Eastern European migrants in Scotland and Portugal (2018)
Zitatform
Dickey, Heather, Stephen Drinkwater & Sergei Shubin (2018): Labour market and social integration of Eastern European migrants in Scotland and Portugal. In: Environment and planning. A, Economy and space, Jg. 50, H. 6, S. 1250-1268. DOI:10.1177/0308518X18781086
Abstract
"This article investigates the factors influencing the labour market performance and social integration of Eastern European migrants in two regions within Scotland and Portugal. Given the potential links between these outcomes, measures of labour market success and integration into the host community are examined from a multi-dimensional perspective, including by modelling these jointly within a statistical framework. The main findings indicate the importance of a range of factors for labour market and social integration, which change with time and cannot be limited to any definable set of goals. In particular, proficiency in the host country's language plays a key role in obtaining a highly paid job and social integration, but not for the probability of employment. Further, maintaining family links and cultural identity often outweigh the importance of being integrated into host communities. Other human capital factors, especially whether the job matches skills and qualifications, strongly influence some labour market outcomes, whilst migrant network variables are important for integration more widely. Focus on the immediate earnings and having a job tends to be prioritised over career progression, which can lead to better integration. Drawing on the insights from economics and human geography, this paper stresses that these findings hold both in the separate and joint modelling approaches. The effect of the influences is also found to be generally similar in Scotland and Portugal. However, some significant differences are detected between the host communities with regards to the impact of previous migration and friendship on social integration and age on employment." (Author's abstract, © 2018 a Pion publication) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Schneller Internetzugang hilft Arbeitslosen bei der Jobsuche (2018)
Zitatform
Diegmann, André, Nicole Gürtzgen, Laura Pohlan & Gerard J. van den Berg (2018): Schneller Internetzugang hilft Arbeitslosen bei der Jobsuche. In: IAB-Forum H. 13.12.2018, o. Sz., 2018-12-04.
Abstract
"Das Internet als Massenmedium hat die Art und Weise, wie Arbeitgeber und Arbeitsuchende zusammenfinden, entscheidend verändert. Eine aktuelle Studie zeigt, dass ein schneller Internetzugang in den ersten Jahren der Verbreitung des Breitbandinternets die Erfolgschancen der Jobsuche von Arbeitslosen in Deutschland verbessert hat." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
How do refugees use their social capital for successful labor market integration? An exploratory analysis in Germany (2018)
Gericke, Dina; Löwe, Jil; Deller, Jürgen; Burmeister, Anne; Pundt, Leena;Zitatform
Gericke, Dina, Anne Burmeister, Jil Löwe, Jürgen Deller & Leena Pundt (2018): How do refugees use their social capital for successful labor market integration? An exploratory analysis in Germany. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 105, S. 46-61. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2017.12.002
Abstract
"Using Germany as an example, this qualitative study explores how refugees use their social capital within and outside organizations to enter their host countries' labor market. Following a grounded theory approach, we interviewed 36 Syrian refugees who had already secured employment in Germany. We aim to provide in-depth information regarding the available types, uses, and benefits of social capital with regard to their access and integration into the labor market. We found that refugees have access to different types of social capital and that these types can offer different forms of support to refugees during the labor market integration process. In addition, we identify subtle differences in the kinds of support offered through vertical and horizontal bonding and bridging social capital. More specifically, we found that vertical bridging social capital is a valuable source for securing adequate employment, whereas horizontal bonding social capital and independent job-searching methods may more often lead to low-skilled work or underemployment. Our findings provide new insights into how different forms of social capital can facilitate labor market integration of refugees at different stages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2018 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social network formation and labor market inequality (2018)
Horvath, Gergely; Zhang, Rui;Zitatform
Horvath, Gergely & Rui Zhang (2018): Social network formation and labor market inequality. In: Economics Letters, Jg. 166, H. May, S. 45-49. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2018.01.026
Abstract
"We study how differences in interpersonal skills lead to inequality among workers when social connections are endogenously formed and workers find jobs through their contacts. We show that the equilibrium network structure is very unequal in terms of links and access to jobs. The equilibrium network is not socially optimal because workers impose negative externality on each other by forming more links. The degree of inequality is larger in the equilibrium than what would be socially optimal. In the equilibrium, high-skilled individuals overinvest in networking while low-skilled individuals underinvest, which enlarges the impact of differences in interpersonal skills. The degree of inequality is largest when job availability is moderate." (Author's abstract, © 2018 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Figurationsprozesse der Einwanderungsgesellschaft: Zum Wandel der Beziehungen zwischen Alteingesessenen und Migranten in deutschen Städten (2018)
Hüttermann, Jörg;Zitatform
Hüttermann, Jörg (2018): Figurationsprozesse der Einwanderungsgesellschaft. Zum Wandel der Beziehungen zwischen Alteingesessenen und Migranten in deutschen Städten. (Urban studies), Bielefeld: Transcript, 356 S.
Abstract
"Seit den 1960er Jahren haben sich die Beziehungen zwischen Alteingesessenen und Zugewanderten in Deutschland grundlegend gewandelt - und mit ihnen die Gesellschaft. Mittels ethnographischer Analysen führt Jörg Hüttermann diesen Prozess der Figuration auf alltägliche Interaktionen zurück, die nur auf den ersten Blick unbedeutend erscheinen. Indem sie die in unterschiedlichen Kontexten wirkenden Interaktionsdynamiken freilegt und ein Verlaufsmuster des Figurationswandels herausarbeitet, ermöglicht es die stadtsoziologische Studie, den urbanen Alltag mit anderen Augen zu sehen." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis bei der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek -
Literaturhinweis
Haben höher Gebildete mehr Sozialkapital?: Ungleichheit im Zugang zu sozialen Netzwerkressourcen (2018)
Zitatform
Jusri, Regina & Corinna Kleinert (2018): Haben höher Gebildete mehr Sozialkapital? Ungleichheit im Zugang zu sozialen Netzwerkressourcen. In: Sozialer Fortschritt, Jg. 67, H. 4, S. 249-268. DOI:10.3790/sfo.67.4.249
Abstract
"Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, ob Sozialkapital eine Bildungsrendite darstellt und betrachtet den Einfluss verschiedener Aspekte von Bildung auf Ausmaß, Qualität und Heterogenität sozialer Netzwerkressourcen. Auf Basis der Erwachsenenkohorte des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS-SC6) werden logistische und lineare Regressionsmodelle berechnet und für mögliche Mediatoren von Bildung auf Sozialkapital kontrolliert. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass nicht nur der Bildungsabschluss und die Bildungsdauer, sondern auch die Anzahl besuchter Bildungsstationen und die verbalen Fähigkeiten in einem positiven Zusammenhang mit Ausmaß und Zusammensetzung sozialer Netzwerkressourcen stehen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Social networks and the labour market mismatch (2018)
Zitatform
Kalfa, Eleni & Matloob Piracha (2018): Social networks and the labour market mismatch. In: Journal of population economics, Jg. 31, H. 3, S. 877-914. DOI:10.1007/s00148-017-0677-5
Abstract
"This paper assesses the extent to which social contacts and ethnic concentration affect the education-occupation mismatch of natives and immigrants. Using Australian panel data and employing a dynamic random effects probit model, we show that social capital exacerbates the incidence of over-education, particularly for females. Furthermore, for the foreign born, ethnic concentration significantly increases the incidence of over-education. Using an Alternative Index, we also show that social participation, friends and support and ethnic concentration are the main contributors in generating a mismatch, while reciprocity and trust does not seem to have any effect on over-education for both, immigrants and natives. Finally, we show that social networks are more beneficial for the relatively better educated." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Factors determining the social participation of older adults: a comparison between Japan and Korea using EASS 2012 (2018)
Zitatform
Katagiri, Keiko & Ju-Hyun Kim (2018): Factors determining the social participation of older adults. A comparison between Japan and Korea using EASS 2012. In: PLoS one, Jg. 13, H. 4, S. 1-15. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0194703
Abstract
"Aims: Japan and Korea are the world's most aged and most rapidly aging nations. They both have low fertility rates, thereby intensifying the importance of social structures to aid a large, dependent population of older adults. Common strategies involve improving their social participation, which enhances their physical and mental health, so they are supporting society rather than being supported. Since the social participation rates in both countries are not as high as those of Western countries, it is critical to shed light on the factors related to social participation of the elderly.
Methods: A secondary analyses were performed using Japanese and Korean data from the 2012 East Asia Social Survey (EASS), which includes nationally representative samples through random sampling. The analyses only include data from those 65 and older (Japan: N = 683, Korea: N = 362).
Results: Social participation is classified into four types: 1) no affiliation; 2) inactive participation; 3) active recreational; and 4) active social. The Japanese respondents had a higher participation rate than Koreans, but more Japanese were inactive. Though the rates of active participations were similar in both countries. Multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to examine the related factors among the four types of social participation. Basic attributes (e.g., living alone) and other factors (e.g., network size) were included as independent variables. The results show that larger non-family networks were linked with increased social participation in both societies. Men were more vulnerable to engaging in no social activities and at a higher risk of social isolation in both countries. One difference between the two nations is that among the Japanese, people with higher social orientations engage in more active social type participation.
Conclusion: This study reveals that non-kin social networks are important for social participation in Japan and Korea." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))Weiterführende Informationen
Hier finden Sie eine korrigierte Version -
Literaturhinweis
Social inequalities and occupational stratification: Methods and concepts in the analysis of social distance (2018)
Lambert, Paul; Griffiths, Dave;Zitatform
Lambert, Paul & Dave Griffiths (2018): Social inequalities and occupational stratification. Methods and concepts in the analysis of social distance. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 384 S. DOI:10.1057/978-1-137-02253-0
Abstract
"This book explores how structures of social inequality are linked to the social connections that people hold. The authors focus upon occupational inequalities where they see, for example, that the typical friendship patterns of people from one occupation are often very different to those of people from another.
Social Inequalities and Occupational Stratification leverages empirical data about differences in social connections to chart structures of social distance and social inequality. Several of its chapters provide coverage of the long-standing CAMSIS project and its approach to analysing social interaction patterns in terms of a single dimension related to social inequality. Lambert and Griffiths also explore different ways that statistical methods and tools of social network analysis can be used to study the relationship between social distance and social stratification." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Socioeconomic success of Asian immigrants in the United States (2018)
Lueck, Kerstin;Zitatform
Lueck, Kerstin (2018): Socioeconomic success of Asian immigrants in the United States. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 44, H. 3, S. 425-438. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2017.1320940
Abstract
"It was the aim of this study to explore the effects of social, cultural, and transnational factors on the socioeconomic success (SES) of Asian immigrants in the United States. The participants in this study were 1371 Chinese, Vietnamese, Filipinos, and other Asian immigrants who were interviewed with computer-assisted software in Mandarin, Cantonese, Tagalog, Vietnamese, and English. The subcategory 'other Asians' consisted of Koreans, Japanese, Asian Indians, and individuals of other Asian backgrounds. Results showed that Chinese had a 56% higher probability of SES than other Asians. Men had an approximately 49% higher probability of SES than women due to gender hierarchies and disparities. SES increases for every unit increase in English language proficiency, native language proficiency, social networks, and parental education. Asians who migrated to the United States between the ages of 18 and 34 have an approximately 102% higher chance of SES than a person who migrated after the age of 35." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do parental networks pay off? Linking children's labor-market outcomes to their parents' friends (2018)
Zitatform
Plug, Erik, Bas van der Klaauw & Lennart Ziegler (2018): Do parental networks pay off? Linking children's labor-market outcomes to their parents' friends. In: The Scandinavian journal of economics, Jg. 120, H. 1, S. 268-295. DOI:10.1111/sjoe.12227
Abstract
"In this paper, we examine whether children are better off if their parents have more elaborate social networks. Using data on high-school friendships of parents, we analyze whether the number and characteristics of friends affect the labor-market outcomes of children. While parental friendships formed in high school appear long lasting, we find no significant impact on their children's occupational choices and earnings prospects. These results do not change when we account for network endogeneity, network persistency, and network measurement error. Only when children enter the labor market do friends of parents have a marginally significant but small influence on their occupational choice." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA discussion paper , 9074 -
Literaturhinweis
Occupational segregation and the (mis)allocation of talent (2018)
Pothier, David;Zitatform
Pothier, David (2018): Occupational segregation and the (mis)allocation of talent. In: The Scandinavian journal of economics, Jg. 120, H. 1, S. 242-267. DOI:10.1111/sjoe.12206
Abstract
"In this paper, I study how occupational segregation affects the allocation of talent in a competitive labour market. I propose a model of occupational choice in which heterogeneous workers must rely on their social contacts to acquire job-vacancy information. While occupational segregation implies benefits in terms of job-finding probability, it also leads to allocative inefficiencies. Efficient and equilibrium outcomes differ due to a network externality that leads workers to segregate too little, and a pecuniary externality that leads workers to segregate too much. Which effect dominates depends on the elasticity of wages to changes in the degree of occupational segregation." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Intergenerational support as a reaction to socio-economic crisis: alteration of solidarity within precarious Romanian households (2018)
Zitatform
Preoteasa, Ana Maria, Ionela Vlase & Laura A. Tufa (2018): Intergenerational support as a reaction to socio-economic crisis. Alteration of solidarity within precarious Romanian households. In: European Societies, Jg. 20, H. 1, S. 111-130. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2017.1402123
Abstract
"This paper addresses the tensions arising from the intersection of norms and practices of support in situations in which intergenerational support is the main household strategy for coping with precariousness in Romania. This paper describes competing meanings of solidarity and reveals gendered experiences of ambiguity with respect to the sustainability of help exchanges within the context of economic vulnerability. Romania displays high public acceptance of intergenerational support, while the country's deficient social welfare system prompts families to intensify their help exchanges. Findings based on in-depth interviews suggest that private arrangements are compounded by unbalanced help exchanges among generations. With the state and the community support directed towards lower social strata, these arrangements give rise to many tensions. Parents become excessively burdened by the constant obligation to help their adult children, while the children's dependence upon their parents limits the opportunities to reciprocate." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Corporate recruitment and networks in Germany: change, stability, or both? (2018)
Semenova, Elena;Zitatform
Semenova, Elena (2018): Corporate recruitment and networks in Germany. Change, stability, or both? In: Historical social research, Jg. 43, H. 4, S. 73-97. DOI:10.12759/hsr.43.2018.4.73-97
Abstract
"'Die Rekrutierung von CEOs und ihre Netzwerke in Deutschland: Wandel, Stabilität, oder beides?'. This article analyzes the recruitment of CEOs at the 100 largest German companies, focusing on how the transition from 'Deutschland AG' to integration with European and global markets has impacted the recruitment and career patterns as well as networks of German CEOs. This study found signs of both continuity and change. The percentage of technically educated German CEOs, as well as CEOs with a Ph.D., continues to be quite high. In contrast, the professionalization of managerial positions in Germany, the decline in corporate tenure, and a gradually opening recruitment market reflect the changing orientation of German corporate culture toward international markets. The analysis of the overall corporate network and its components reveals that the density of the overall corporate network in Germany has increased, which corresponds to the increased number of CEOs with shared alumni experience as well as with additional connections through various policy associations. The density of co-worker networks has, however, decreased. The structure of the German corporate network is not unified but consists of a set of highly dense groups (cliques). The findings and their implications for further research on change in German corporate structures are discussed." (Author's abstract, © GESIS) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Das Jobauswahlproblem für Berufseinsteiger: eine entscheidungstheoretische Anwendung. Teil 1: Problemstrukturierung in Ziele, Alternativen und Unsicherheiten (2018)
Siebert, Johannes Ulrich; Nitzsch, Rüdiger von;Zitatform
Siebert, Johannes Ulrich & Rüdiger von Nitzsch (2018): Das Jobauswahlproblem für Berufseinsteiger. Eine entscheidungstheoretische Anwendung. Teil 1: Problemstrukturierung in Ziele, Alternativen und Unsicherheiten. In: Wirtschaftswissenschaftliches Studium, Jg. 47, H. 10, S. 4-11.
Abstract
"Dieser Beitrag beschreibt eine praxisnahe Anwendung der Entscheidungstheorie in zwei Teilen. In diesem ersten Teil wird gezeigt, wie wichtig eine gute Strukturierung der Entscheidungssituation in Ziele, Alternativen und Unsicherheiten ist und wie man in diesem Schritt unter Zuhilfenahme eine. Entscheidungsanalysten am besten vorgeht. Erst in einem hierauf aufbauenden zweiten Teil wird dann vorgestellt werden, wie mit einer Quantifizierung der notwendigen Parameter die beste Handlungsalternative identifiziert werden kann." (Autorenreferat, © Verlag Franz Vahlen )
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Literaturhinweis
Transnational entrepreneurial activities: A qualitative network study of self-employed migrants from the former Soviet Union in Germany (2018)
Zitatform
Sommer, Elena & Markus Gamper (2018): Transnational entrepreneurial activities: A qualitative network study of self-employed migrants from the former Soviet Union in Germany. In: Social Networks, Jg. 53, H. May, S. 136-147. DOI:10.1016/j.socnet.2017.04.007
Abstract
"During their careers, migrant entrepreneurs may get involved in different types of transnational entrepreneurial activities and use their social capital to activate transnational business-related ties. Based on content analysis of semi-structured interviews and networks maps with self-employed migrants from the former Soviet Union in Germany this study identified four empirically grounded types of migrant transnational entrepreneurial activities and analysed transnational networking strategies for each type. The study demonstrates that different types of social capital are mobilised for different types of transnational business strategies, with intensive transnational entrepreneurial activities requiring larger pre-existing networks in the country of origin of both strong and weak ties, that are gradually extended, while a more limited set of mostly informal weak ties suffice for more sporadic transnational activities in the country of origin. Transnational entrepreneurial activities with other countries or with multiple countries, on the other hand, involved a more formal network of relationships." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The culturally contingent meaning of entrepreneurship: mixed embeddedness and co-ethnic ties (2018)
Szkudlarek, Betina; Wu, Shou Xin;Zitatform
Szkudlarek, Betina & Shou Xin Wu (2018): The culturally contingent meaning of entrepreneurship. Mixed embeddedness and co-ethnic ties. In: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, Jg. 30, H. 5/6, S. 585-611. DOI:10.1080/08985626.2018.1432701
Abstract
"This study employs phenomenography to investigate the role of embeddedness in business venturing of migrant and ethnic entrepreneurs. By focusing on two culturally distinct groups, operating in the same micro-economic context, we show the ways in which embeddedness impacts the perceptions and subsequent enactment of business venturing. Our findings demonstrate that, despite physical proximity and similar socio-economic context, the investigated communities predominantly employ their co-ethnic norms, assumptions and frames of reference to makes sense of and act upon entrepreneurial opportunities. These findings expand the mixed embeddedness literature by exploring how co-ethnic sensemaking frames persist within culturally distinct communities, despite years of co-existence within the same socio-economic context. Moreover, our study reveals how co-ethnic structures can successfully substitute institutional arrangements traditionally provided by the host-country environment. By reflecting upon the practice of entrepreneuring and entrepreneurial sensemaking, our findings point towards the importance of language and interpretative methods for theory development." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
On the optimal diversification of social networks in frictional labour markets with occupational mismatch (2018)
Zitatform
Zaharieva, Anna (2018): On the optimal diversification of social networks in frictional labour markets with occupational mismatch. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 112-127. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.04.002
Abstract
"This paper incorporates social networks into a frictional labour market framework. There are two worker types and two occupations, which are subject to correlated fluctuations in output. The equilibrium is characterized by occupational mismatch which is associated with a wage penalty. Every worker has a fixed number of social contacts in the network. The fraction of contacts of the same occupational type defines homophily of the social network, so this paper investigates the optimal level of network homophily. Workers are risk-neutral and take aggregate variables as given, so their optimal individual choice is full homophily. This is different from the social planner's perspective. The planner internalizes external effects of workers' network choices on aggregate variables, so there exists a unique interior value of network homophily maximizing the present value of income. On the one hand, higher homophily is associated with lower occupational mismatch. But on the other hand, higher homophily separates the two groups of workers, prevents exchange of information about open vacancies, and leads to more unemployment, especially in recessions. So it is the trade-off between these two effects and not the desire to reduce income volatility, as in standard portfolio theory, which gives rise to network diversification. Comparative statics shows that optimal network homophily is lower and diversification is stronger with a lower wage penalty from mismatch, lower unemployment benefit and negative correlation in output fluctuations." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social capital and entrepreneurial process (2017)
Zitatform
Afandi, Elvin, Majid Kermani & Fuad Mammadov (2017): Social capital and entrepreneurial process. In: International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Jg. 13, H. 3, S. 685-716. DOI:10.1007/s11365-016-0421-8
Abstract
"The paper examines the relationship between social capital and entrepreneurial engagement of individuals in 35 nations from Europe and Asia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first empirical research that attempts to investigate the influence of three-dimensional social capital concept - trust, networks and norms - on three stages of entrepreneurial process - preference, trial and success - using such large and comprehensive cross-sectional micro data. In general, we find that all three dimensions of social capital matter in the entrepreneurship context, albeit differently. They become beneficial in different ways and at different stages of entrepreneurial involvement. For example, among trust variables, institutional trust in general, and trust in business-oriented and business-supporting actors in particular, exert significant positive effect on entrepreneurial process. Individuals with formal membership in professional associations are more likely to perceive entrepreneurial opportunities, while some close or strong-tie networks might prevent them from progressing in the entrepreneurship ladder. Finally, individual level civic norms appear to be negatively associated with early-stage entrepreneurship, while the success in becoming an entrepreneur is not found to be bound by people's civic norms." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social capital and labor market networks (2017)
Zitatform
Asquith, Brian J., Judith K. Hellerstein, Mark J. Kutzbach & David Neumark (2017): Social capital and labor market networks. (NBER working paper 23959), Cambrige, Mass., 49 S. DOI:10.3386/w23959
Abstract
"We explore the links between social capital and labor market networks at the neighbourhood level. We harness rich data taken from multiple sources, including matched employer-employee data with which we measure the strength of labor market networks, data on behavior such as voting patterns that have previously been tied to social capital, and new data - not previously used in the study of social capital - on the number and location of non-profits at the neighbourhood level. We use a machine learning algorithm to identify potential social capital measures that best predict neighbourhood-level variation in labor market networks. We find evidence suggesting that smaller and less centralized schools, and schools with fewer poor students, foster social capital that builds labor market networks, as does a larger Republican vote share. The presence of establishments in a number of non-profit oriented industries are identified as predictive of strong labor market networks, likely because they either provide public goods or facilitate social contacts. These industries include, for example, churches and other religious institutions, schools, country clubs, and amateur or recreational sports teams or clubs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Netzwerke beim Berufseinstieg: Strukturen, Nutzungsweisen und soziale Herkunft (2017)
Banaszczuk, Yasmina;Zitatform
Banaszczuk, Yasmina (2017): Netzwerke beim Berufseinstieg. Strukturen, Nutzungsweisen und soziale Herkunft. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 256 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-16289-4
Abstract
"Yasmina Banaszczuk untersucht die Bedeutung persönlicher Kontakte für den Berufseinstieg von Akademikerinnen und Akademikern, die neben Tipps zu offenen Stellen vor allem Unterstützung und Austausch bieten. Sie zeigt, dass die persönlichen Netzwerke je nach sozialer Herkunft in Größe und Intensität variieren: Studierte Berufseinsteigende aus akademischer Herkunft können auf mehr Kontakte zurückgreifen als traditionelle Arbeiterkinder. Vorbereitend und prägend ist neben der Familie vor allem die Studienzeit. In der Nutzung ihrer Netzwerke zeigen sich ebenfalls deutliche Unterschiede, die neben der sozialen Herkunft auch aufs Geschlecht zurückgeführt werden können: Bei Männern überlappen private und berufliche Netzwerke, anders als bei Frauen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The demand side of hiring: employers in the labor market (2017)
Zitatform
Bills, David B., Valentina DiStasio & Klarita Gërxhani (2017): The demand side of hiring: employers in the labor market. In: Annual review of sociology, Jg. 43, S. 291-310. DOI:10.1146/annurev-soc-081715-074255
Abstract
Soziologische Untersuchungen des Arbeitsmarkts haben sich bislang auf die Angebotsseite konzentriert, also etwa auf die Merkmale der Arbeitsuchenden und Arbeitsplatzinhaber. Trotz seiner wichtigen und vorrangigen Bedeutung bei den Arbeitsmarktprozessen hat die Nachfrageseite, haben insbesondere die Einstellungsentscheidungen der Arbeitgeber nach Ansicht der Autoren bisher zu wenig Aufmerksamkeit erhalten. Das Arbeitsverhältnis hat aber eine Nachfrage- und eine Angebotsseite sowie einen matching-Prozess, der beide zusammenführt. In der Soziologie der Nachfrageseite betrachten die Autoren mit dem Human-, Sozial- und kulturellen Kapital die drei Informationsquellen, auf denen die Einstellungsentscheidungen beruhen, und befassen sich damit auch mit den Mechanismen, die mit jeder einzelnen Informationsquelle verbunden sind. In diesem Ansatz sind die Arbeitgeber aktive Agenten, deren Einstellungsverhalten beschränkt, aber durch einen größeren gesellschaftlichen, organisationalen und institutionellen Kontext überhaupt erst möglich wird. Erforderlich dafür ist ein Forschungsprogramm, das zu einem umfassenderen empirischen und theoretischen Verständnis des Einstellungsverhaltens und dessen Stellenwerts in der Schichtenbildung des Arbeitsmarkts führt. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Neueinstellungen im Jahr 2016: Große Betriebe haben im Wettbewerb um Fachkräfte oft die Nase vorn (2017)
Zitatform
Bossler, Mario, Alexander Kubis & Andreas Moczall (2017): Neueinstellungen im Jahr 2016: Große Betriebe haben im Wettbewerb um Fachkräfte oft die Nase vorn. (IAB-Kurzbericht 18/2017), Nürnberg, 8 S.
Abstract
"Kleine und mittlere Betriebe stellen den Großteil des gesamtwirtschaftlichen Stellenangebots und damit auch den Großteil der Neueinstellungen in Deutschland. So gab es im Jahr 2016 insgesamt 3,65 Millionen Neueinstellungen im Bereich der sozialversicherungspflichtigen Beschäftigung, 44 Prozent davon in kleinen Betrieben mit weniger als 50 Beschäftigten. Das Wachstumspotenzial der deutschen Wirtschaft hängt somit maßgeblich davon ab, ob und wie gerade diese Betriebe ihren Arbeitskräftebedarf decken können. Die Autoren untersuchen auf Basis der IAB-Stellenerhebung 2016 Erfolge und Schwierigkeiten kleiner und mittlerer Betriebe bei der Stellenbesetzung im Vergleich zu Großbetrieben, legen den Schwerpunkt auf die Ursachen von Rekrutierungsschwierigkeiten und leiten daraus mögliche Lösungsansätze ab." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Neueinstellungen nach formalen Qualifikationsanforderungen und nach Betriebsgröße
- Geeignete und ungeeignete Bewerber nach Betriebsgröße
- Neueinstellungen nach Betriebsgröße
- Befristungsquote bei den Neueinstellungen nach Betriebsgröße
- Dauer des Stellenbesetzungsprozesses nach Betriebsgröße
- Bruttostundenlohn bei Neueinstellungen nach Betriebsgröße
- Abbrüche der Personalsuche nach Betriebsgröße
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Literaturhinweis
Social networks and labor markets: how strong ties relate to job finding on Facebook's social network (2017)
Gee, Laura K.; Jones, Jason; Burke, Moira;Zitatform
Gee, Laura K., Jason Jones & Moira Burke (2017): Social networks and labor markets. How strong ties relate to job finding on Facebook's social network. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 35, H. 2, S. 485-518. DOI:10.1086/686225
Abstract
"Social networks are important for finding jobs, but which ties are most useful? Granovetter has suggested that 'weak ties' are more valuable than 'strong ties,' since strong ties have redundant information, while weak ties have new information. Using 6 million Facebook users' data, we find evidence for the opposite. We proxy for job help by identifying people who eventually work with a pre-existing friend. Using objective tie strength measures and our job help proxy, we find that most people are helped through one of their numerous weak ties but a single stronger tie is significantly more valuable at the margin." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Coworker networks in the labour market (2017)
Glitz, Albrecht;Zitatform
Glitz, Albrecht (2017): Coworker networks in the labour market. In: Labour economics, Jg. 44, H. January, S. 218-230. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2016.12.006
Abstract
"This paper studies the effect of coworker-based networks on individual labour market outcomes. I analyse how the provision of labour market relevant information by former coworkers affects the employment probabilities and, if hired, the wages of male workers who have previously become unemployed as the result of an establishment closure. To identify the causal effect of an individual worker's network on labour market outcomes, I exploit exogenous variation in the strength of these networks that is due to the occurrence of mass-layoffs in the establishments of former coworkers. The empirical analysis is based on administrative data that comprise the universe of workers employed in Germany between 1980 and 2001. The results suggest a strong positive effect of a higher employment rate in a worker's network of former coworkers on his re-employment probability after displacement: a 10 percentage point increase in the prevailing employment rate in the network increases the re-employment probability by 7.5 percentage points. In contrast, there is no evidence of a statistically significant effect on wages." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The value of hiring through employee referrals in developed countries (2017)
Hoffman, Mitchell;Zitatform
Hoffman, Mitchell (2017): The value of hiring through employee referrals in developed countries. (IZA world of labor 369), Bonn, 8 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.369
Abstract
"Companies frequently hire new employees based on referrals from existing employees, who often recommend friends or family members. There are numerous possible benefits from this, such as lower turnover, possibly higher productivity, lower recruiting costs, and beneficial commonalities related to shared employee values. On the other hand, hiring through employee referrals may disadvantage under-represented minorities, entail greater firm costs in the form of higher wages, lead to undesirable commonalities, and reflect nepotism. A growing body of research explores these considerations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
deutsche Kurzfassung -
Literaturhinweis
Do neighbors help finding a job?: social networks and labor market outcomes after plant closures (2017)
Zitatform
Jahn, Elke & Michael Neugart (2017): Do neighbors help finding a job? Social networks and labor market outcomes after plant closures. (IZA discussion paper 10480), Bonn, 35 S.
Abstract
"Social networks may affect workers' labor market outcomes. Using rich spatial data from administrative records, we analyze whether the employment status of neighbors influences the employment probability of a worker who lost his job due to a plant closure and the channels through which this occurs. Our findings suggest that a ten percentage point higher neighbourhood employment rate increases the probability of having a job six months after displacement by 0.9 percentage points. The neighbourhood effect seems to be driven not by social norms but by information transmission at the neighbourhood level, and additionally by networks of former co-workers who also lost their jobs due to plant closure." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Networks beyond nationalities?: Relationships amongst Eastern European women workers in Italy facing the economic crisis (2017)
Zitatform
Marchetti, Sabrina (2017): Networks beyond nationalities? Relationships amongst Eastern European women workers in Italy facing the economic crisis. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 43, H. 4, S. 633-651. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2016.1249052
Abstract
"This article explores the intricate relationship between Georgian, Ukrainian and Polish women working as live-in elderly caregivers in the province of Reggio Emilia, Italy. Their case shows how both elements of competition and of support can articulate the relationship between national groups that, on the one side, have in common some cultural, linguistic and historical legacies, but, on the other, have a different legal status in the European Union and positions in the Italian labour market for elderly care. In so doing, this article contributes to the debate on migrants' social networks by pointing to the necessity of further exploring the boundaries that define people's participation to the same circle of contacts and relationships that constitute their network of reference. From the analysis of 36 in-depth interviews with women of these nationalities, the article shows how the three groups have overlapped through time in the same Italian areas and how they have emulated each other in their migratory trajectories as well as in their employment strategies in the elderly care sector, but it will also underline how in some cases they have competed and been divided, especially beginning in 2008 as a consequence of the economic crisis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Distinguishing neighbourhood and workplace network effects on individual income: evidence from Sweden (2017)
Zitatform
Mellander, Charlotta, Kevin Stolarick & José Lobo (2017): Distinguishing neighbourhood and workplace network effects on individual income. Evidence from Sweden. In: Regional Studies. Journal of the Regional Studies Association, Jg. 51, H. 11, S. 1652-1664. DOI:10.1080/00343404.2016.1236187
Abstract
"In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir die Auswirkungen von zwei sozialen Netzwerken, in die Einzelpersonen eingebettet sind - ihrer Wohnnachbarschaft und ihrem Arbeitsplatz - auf das Einkommen der Personen. Hierfür nutzen wir schwedische Daten auf Mikroebene, was die Identifizierung von einzelnen Arbeitnehmern sowie von ihren Nachbarn und Arbeitskollegen ermöglicht. Der räumliche Umfang des nicht arbeitsplatzgebundenen sozialen Netzwerks - vom Wohnblock bis hin zum gesamten Ballungsraum - wird abgewandelt, um zu untersuchen, welche soziale Gemeinschaft sich am stärksten auf das Einkommen der Personen auswirkt. Hierbei unterscheiden wir zwischen Personen in hoch und gering qualifizierten Berufen, um die Unterschiede im Bereich der Bildung, Ausbildung und Kenntnisse genau zu berücksichtigen. Aus den Ergebnissen geht hervor, dass Wohnnachbarschaften für das Einkommen von Personen durchaus eine Rolle spielen, wobei der Effekt jedoch für gering qualifizierte Personen stärker ausfällt. Sowohl für hoch als auch für gering qualifizierte Personen wirken sich die Kenntnisse in der Arbeitsplatzgruppe am stärksten auf das Einkommen aus, wobei der Effekt aber für hoch qualifizierte Personen negativ und für gering qualifizierte Personen positiv ausfällt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
"You'll never walk alone!" Die Bedeutung von sozialen Beziehungen für die Migrationsverläufe junger Spanierinnen und Spanier nach Deutschland (2017)
Zitatform
Stedtfeld, Susanne, Lenore Sauer & Andreas Ette (2017): "You'll never walk alone!" Die Bedeutung von sozialen Beziehungen für die Migrationsverläufe junger Spanierinnen und Spanier nach Deutschland. In: Bevölkerungsforschung aktuell, Jg. 38, H. 4, S. 2-10.
Abstract
"Mit der Verschlechterung der Wirtschafts- und Arbeitsmarktlage in Spanien und anderen südeuropäischen Staaten im Zuge der Wirtschaftskrise 2008 wanderten zunehmend junge Menschen aus diesen Ländern in andere europäische Staaten ab. Dies galt insbesondere auch für junge Spanierinnen und Spanier, die in ihrem Heimatland keine Möglichkeit sahen, ihren Berufseinstieg umsetzen zu können. Deshalb versuchten viele ihr Glück auch in Deutschland. Nun stellt sich die Frage, welche Erfahrungen diese jungen binneneuropäischen Arbeitsmigrantinnen und -migranten hier machten und welche Faktoren Einfluss auf die Entscheidung hatten, nach Deutschland zu migrieren. Erste Aussagen deuten darauf hin, dass vor allem soziale Beziehungen eine große Rolle spielen. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht der Beitrag auf der Basis von 33 qualitativen Interviews mit in Deutschland lebenden jungen Spanierinnen und Spaniern, wie solche Beziehungen den Migrationsprozess beeinflusst haben. Die Resultate der Studie bestätigen die Annahme, dass soziale Beziehungen in Migrationsprozessen wichtige Schlüsselrollen einnehmen." (Autorenreferat)
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Literaturhinweis
Getting a job through unemployed friends: a social network perspective (2017)
Zhang, Rui;Zitatform
Zhang, Rui (2017): Getting a job through unemployed friends. A social network perspective. In: The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics, Jg. 17, H. 2, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1515/bejte-2016-0055
Abstract
"We develop a model in which unemployed workers can pass along unwanted job information to other unemployed friends within social networks. Compared with the case in the absence of social networks, we first show in an economy where networks are equal in size that unemployment rate is lower. In terms of social welfare, social planner prefers workers becoming more selective than the decentralized equilibrium. When social networks differ in size, increasing the size difference is beneficial for unemployed workers with large networks but detrimental to those with small networks; in addition, the unemployment rate decreases with the size difference. However, because of the dilution effect, as the proportion of unemployed workers with large networks increases, it eventually results in losses for all unemployed workers, and the unemployment rate may follow a non-monotonic pattern." (Author's abstract, © De Gruyter) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The implications of labor market network for business cycles (2016)
Arbex, Marcelo; O'Dea, Dennis; Caetano, Sidney;Zitatform
Arbex, Marcelo, Sidney Caetano & Dennis O'Dea (2016): The implications of labor market network for business cycles. In: Economics Letters, Jg. 144, H. July, S. 37-40. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2016.04.028
Abstract
"We embed a frictional labor market with formal and informal search in an RBC model. Even in a model with exogenous search effort the interaction between formal and informal (network) search methods can help in generating more volatility in unemployment." (Author's abstract, © 2016 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social networks and the labor market (2016)
Beaman, Lori;Zitatform
Beaman, Lori (2016): Social networks and the labor market. In: Y. Bramoullé, A. Galeotti & B. W. Rogers (Hrsg.) (2016): The Oxford Handbook of the economics of networks, S. 649-671.
Abstract
"This chapter summarizes research, primarily in economics, looking to explain the role of social networks in the labor market. While there are a number of high-quality empirical papers establishing a causal relationship between the size and quality of workers' social networks on their labor market outcomes, far less is known on why firms and workers rely on informal channels for recruitment. There are a number of possible explanations analyzed in the theoretical literature. One possibility is that there are significant search frictions, and social network-based job information dissemination lowers search costs for both workers and firms. A second explanation stems from missing information in the labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Märkte, Biografien, Storytelling: Gelingen und Scheitern beim Aufbau von Marktidentitäten (2016)
Bernhard, Stefan;Zitatform
Bernhard, Stefan (2016): Märkte, Biografien, Storytelling: Gelingen und Scheitern beim Aufbau von Marktidentitäten. In: Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung, Jg. 17, H. 2, S. 1-26., 2016-02-18. DOI:10.17169/fqs-17.2.2447
Abstract
"Die Marktsoziologie hat dargelegt, dass Märkte grundlegend in soziale Strukturen eingebettet sind. Allerdings wurden bisher Biografien als relevante Kontexte marktlicher Einbettung wenig beachtet. So bleibt beispielsweise offen, wie biografische Erfahrungen Markthandeln beeinflussen und wie dieses im Gegenzug biografisch verarbeitet wird. Der vorliegende Artikel setzt hier an. Er leistet einen konzeptionellen und einen empirischen Beitrag: Konzeptionell zeigt er im Anschluss an die Theorie von Harrison C. White, wie sich im Schnittfeld von Märkten und personalen Styles ('Biografien') Marktidentitäten ausbilden. Marktidentitäten sind labile Konstrukte, die permanent ihre Anschlussfähigkeit an die Märkte und Biografien sicherstellen müssen, die sich in ihnen kreuzen. Empirisch präsentiert der Beitrag zwei Fallstudien von Selbständigen ohne Angestellte (sog. Solo-Selbständigen), eine auf dem Markt für künstlerische Fotografie und eine auf dem Markt für Nahrungsergänzungsmittel. Die Beispiele zeigen anhand von extremen Fällen, wie der Aufbau von Marktidentitäten scheitern und gelingen kann. Das hier vorgeschlagene Konzept der fragilen Marktidentitäten erschließt der Marktsoziologie eine weitere Dimension der Einbettung von Märkten in soziale Strukturen. Biografien sind zugleich Quellen von Markthandeln und Bezugskontexte, in denen Markterfahrungen aufgegriffen werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Gluing, catching and connecting: how informal childcare strengthens single mothers' employment trajectories (2016)
Zitatform
Brady, Michelle (2016): Gluing, catching and connecting: how informal childcare strengthens single mothers' employment trajectories. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 30, H. 5, S. 821-837. DOI:10.1177/0950017016630259
Abstract
"Research on single mothers' employment overwhelmingly focuses on the importance of access to formal childcare at a single point in time. However, to understand the relationship between childcare and single mothers' employment we must consider their access to and use of multiple forms of childcare - their childcare packages - and how these change over time. Drawing on a longitudinal qualitative study and employing the concepts of 'caringscapes' and 'work-time/childcare-time', this article highlights how childcare packages shape single mothers' employment trajectories. Informal carers play a crucial role within mixed (formal and informal) childcare packages in helping mothers bring children's needs, work-time and childcare-time into alignment, thus strengthening their employment trajectories. Informal carers achieve this effect by: (1) increasing the total hours of non-parental care; (2) 'gluing' together complex jigsaws of care; (3) offering a 'safety net' in times of crisis; and (4) playing a 'connector' role during employment transitions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Embeddedness as a multilevel problem: a case study in economic sociology (2016)
Brailly, Julien; Lazega, Emmanuel; Chatellet, Josiane; Favre, Guillaume;Zitatform
Brailly, Julien, Guillaume Favre, Josiane Chatellet & Emmanuel Lazega (2016): Embeddedness as a multilevel problem. A case study in economic sociology. In: Social Networks, Jg. 44, H. January, S. 319-333. DOI:10.1016/j.socnet.2015.03.005
Abstract
"Economic sociology has established the interdependencies between economic and social structures using the notion of embeddedness of the former in the latter. However research usually studies inter-organizational commercial networks and inter-individual informal networks separately. In this article we use a multilevel framework to analyze jointly economic networks between firms and informal networks between their members in order to reframe this embeddedness hypothesis. Based on a network study of a trade fair for television programmes in Eastern Europe we show that while each level has its own specific processes they are partly nested. Beyond this result, we observe that these levels of agency emerge in different contexts and in different temporalities. To conclude, we show that in order to understand performance on a market one needs to look at this dual positioning of individuals and organizations." (Author's abstract, © 2016 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Neueinstellungen im Jahr 2015: Stellen werden häufig über persönliche Kontakte besetzt (2016)
Brenzel, Hanna; Czepek, Judith; Moczall, Andreas; Rebien, Martina; Weber, Enzo ; Röttger, Christof; Szameitat, Jörg; Kubis, Alexander; Warning, Anja;Zitatform
Brenzel, Hanna, Judith Czepek, Alexander Kubis, Andreas Moczall, Martina Rebien, Christof Röttger, Jörg Szameitat, Anja Warning & Enzo Weber (2016): Neueinstellungen im Jahr 2015: Stellen werden häufig über persönliche Kontakte besetzt. (IAB-Kurzbericht 04/2016), Nürnberg, 6 S.
Abstract
"Die positive Entwicklung auf dem Arbeitsmarkt hält weiter an: Erwerbstätigenzahlen und Arbeitsvolumen zeigen für das Jahr 2015 Rekordwerte. Im Fokus dieses Kurzberichtes stehen die Rekrutierungsstrategien von Betrieben bei Neueinstellungen in Zeiten anhaltend guter Beschäftigungsentwicklung und die Frage, wie viel Zeit sie benötigen, um Mitarbeiter für ihre offenen Stellen zu finden. Welche Wege werden bei der Personalsuche eingeschlagen und welche führen tatsächlich zu einer Stellenbesetzung? Wie viel Zeit beansprucht die Suche nach geeignetem Personal? Inwiefern unterscheiden sich Suchkanäle und Suchdauern je nach Qualifikationsanforderung der zu besetzenden Stelle? Antworten darauf liefern die aktuellen Ergebnisse der IAB-Stellenerhebung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Moczall, Andreas; Weber, Enzo ; Röttger, Christof; Kubis, Alexander; Warning, Anja; -
Literaturhinweis
Do informal referrals lead to better matches?: evidence from a firm's employee referral system (2016)
Brown, Meta; Topa, Giorgio; Setren, Elizabeth;Zitatform
Brown, Meta, Elizabeth Setren & Giorgio Topa (2016): Do informal referrals lead to better matches? Evidence from a firm's employee referral system. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 34, H. 1/Pt. 1, S. 161-209.
Abstract
"Using a new firm-level data set that includes explicit information on referrals by current employees, we investigate the hiring process and the relationships among referrals, match quality, wage trajectories, and turnover for a single US corporation and test various predictions of theoretical models of labor market referrals. We find that referred candidates are more likely to be hired; experience an initial wage advantage, which dissipates over time; and have longer tenure in the firm. Further, the variances of the referred and nonreferred wage distributions converge over time. The observed referral effects appear to be stronger at lower skill levels. The data also permit analysis of the role of referrer-referee pair characteristics." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social capital and homophily both matter for labor market outcomes: evidence from replication and extension (2016)
Chen, Yunsong; Volker, Beate;Zitatform
Chen, Yunsong & Beate Volker (2016): Social capital and homophily both matter for labor market outcomes. Evidence from replication and extension. In: Social Networks, Jg. 45, H. March, S. 18-31. DOI:10.1016/j.socnet.2015.10.003
Abstract
"Social resource theory has been challenged, as the effects of contact resources on job outcomes may be spurious given the presence of homophily. We review the Mouw - Lin debate and propose that occupational homophily moderates the role of contact resources in the labor market and that effects of resources depend on labor market institutions. We analyze data from the US, East Germany before 1989, and post-reform China, combining the first-difference method and Heckman selection procedure to deal with endogeneity. Empirical findings from different labor market contexts demonstrate that: (1) contact resources have a causal and positive role in job outcomes; (2) in a market economy, the role of resources is more salient if they provide within-occupation job-leads; (3) under state job-assignment systems occupational homophily does not pay off; and (4) job-search ties can take the form of heterophilous selection." (Author's abstract, © 2016 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Referral-based job search networks (2016)
Zitatform
Dustmann, Christian, Albrecht Glitz, Uta Schönberg & Herbert Brücker (2016): Referral-based job search networks. In: The Review of Economic Studies, Jg. 83, H. 2, S. 514-546., 2015-06-08. DOI:10.1093/restud/rdv045
Abstract
"This article derives novel testable implications of referral-based job search networks in which employees provide employers with information about potential new hires that they otherwise would not have. Using comprehensive matched employer - employee data covering the entire workforce in one large metropolitan labour market combined with unique survey data linked to administrative records, we provide evidence that workers earn higher wages and are less inclined to leave their firms if they have obtained their job through a referral. These effects are particularly strong at the beginning of the employment relationship and decline with tenure in the firm, suggesting that firms and workers learn about workers' productivity over time. Overall, our findings imply that job search networks help to reduce informational deficiencies in the labour market and lead to productivity gains for workers and firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of family support on young entrepreneurs' start-up activities (2016)
Zitatform
Edelman, Linda F., Tatiana Manolova, Galina Shirokova & Tatyana Tsukanova (2016): The impact of family support on young entrepreneurs' start-up activities. In: Journal of business venturing, Jg. 31, H. 4, S. 428-448. DOI:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2016.04.003
Abstract
"In this paper, we use a social support perspective and hypothesize that the scope of start-up activities is positively associated with two types of instrumental family support, financial and social capital. We further argue that the effect of instrumental family support is enhanced by the level of emotional support, in the form of family cohesiveness. To test our hypotheses, we draw from the 2011 Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students' Survey (GUESSS), a survey of university students from 19 countries. We focus on those nascent entrepreneurs who are in the process of starting their new venture. Our findings indicate that family social capital is positively associated with the scope of start-up activities, family financial capital is negatively associated with the scope of start-up activities, and family cohesiveness amplifies the effect of family social capital on the scope of start-up activities. Theoretical, practitioner, and public policy implications are discussed." (Author's abstract, © 2016 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The formation of networks in the diaspora (2016)
Epstein, Gil S.; Heizler, Odelia;Zitatform
Epstein, Gil S. & Odelia Heizler (2016): The formation of networks in the diaspora. (IZA discussion paper 9762), Bonn, 29 S.
Abstract
"In this paper, we examine possible types of network formation among immigrants in the diaspora and between those immigrants and the locals in different countries. We present the model by considering different possible interactions between immigrants and the new society in their host country. Spread of migrants from the same origin in the diaspora may well increase international trade between the different countries, depending on the types of networks formed. We present possible applications of network structure on the country of origin, such as on international trade. We find that when the size of the diaspora is sufficiently large, the natives in the different countries will be willing to bear the linking cost with the immigrants because the possible benefits increase with increasing size of the diaspora." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Being unemployed in the age of social media (2016)
Zitatform
Feuls, Miriam, Christian Fieseler, Miriam Meckel & Anne Suphan (2016): Being unemployed in the age of social media. In: New Media and Society, Jg. 18, H. 6, S. 944-965. DOI:10.1177/1461444814552637
Abstract
"This article reports the results of a stratified sample survey of 2414 unemployed individuals in Germany regarding Internet usage, accompanied by a small sample of qualitative interviews and time-use diaries. The Internet serves as a structuring device for individuals during unemployment and helps such individuals maintain social contacts; it fills time with activities for the unemployed that are meaningful from a normative perspective and are perceived subjectively as a good use of time. The Internet enables degrees of interaction that would otherwise not be possible because of financial difficulties. The research suggests that expanded interaction on the Internet for the unemployed would likely be beneficial." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Soziale Netzwerke als Ressource für den Umgang mit Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit (2016)
Zitatform
Klärner, Andreas & André Knabe (2016): Soziale Netzwerke als Ressource für den Umgang mit Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 69, H. 5, S. 353-364. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2016-5-353
Abstract
"Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit den Folgen des Übergangs vom fürsorgenden zum aktivierenden Wohlfahrtsstaat, der mit den Arbeitsmarktreformen der 'Agenda 2010' vorangetrieben wurde. Im Zuge dieser Reformen wurden insbesondere Langzeitarbeitslose selbst für ihre Lage verantwortlich gemacht. Die Forderungen nach Eigenverantwortlichkeit und (Selbst)Aktivierung erfordern von den Betroffenen kompensatorisches Handeln, das fehlende staatliche Unterstützung ausgleicht. In unserem Beitrag fragen wir, welche Rolle dabei soziale Netzwerke spielen können. Dafür analysieren wir 34 qualitative Interviews mit langzeitarbeitslosen Menschen aus Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Im Rahmen der Interviews wurden Daten zu den sozialen Netzwerken der Befragten erhoben und deren Rolle bei der Bewältigung der Folgen von Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit untersucht. Im Ergebnis stellen wir fest, dass diese Netzwerke zwar wichtige Ressourcen sozialer Unterstützung bereitstellen, ihre Rolle aber auch nicht überschätzt werden darf, da für viele der von uns befragten Personen die Möglichkeit zur Nutzung dieser Ressourcen stark begrenzt ist und besonders effektive und verlässliche Unterstützung oftmals nur von institutionellen Helfern geleistet wird." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Why the referential treatment: evidence from field experiments on referrals (2016)
Pallais, Amanda; Sands, Emily Glassberg;Zitatform
Pallais, Amanda & Emily Glassberg Sands (2016): Why the referential treatment. Evidence from field experiments on referrals. In: Journal of Political Economy, Jg. 124, H. 6, S. 1793-1828. DOI:10.1086/688850
Abstract
"Referred workers are more likely than nonreferred workers to be hired, all else equal. In three field experiments in an online labor market, we examine why. We find that referrals contain positive information about worker performance and persistence that is not contained in workers' observable characteristics. We also find that referrals perform particularly well when working directly with their referrers. However, we do not find evidence that referrals exert more effort because they believe their performance will affect their relationship with their referrer or their referrer's position at the firm." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Career choice and the strength of weak ties (2016)
Zitatform
Tumen, Semih (2016): Career choice and the strength of weak ties. (IZA discussion paper 10401), Bonn, 20 S.
Abstract
"This paper argues that the structure (i.e., size and composition) of the informal search network is a crucial determinant of the career decisions of young workers. Building on the search-theoretic career choice and job mobility model proposed by Neal (1999), I compare the consequences of career advice by one's weak ties versus that by strong ties. The main result is that receiving help from weak ties is associated with early career and job settlements, while the strong ties are more likely to lead to amplified mobility and generate mismatch. Given a network size, I find a strongly positive correlation between the fraction of weak ties among one's informal connections and the likelihood of settling on a stable career path early in the life course. I also find that the sign of this correlation persists, while the magnitude gets smaller as the network size increases. I conclude that the strength-of-weak-ties hypothesis can shed light on the complexity of job mobility patterns among young workers. The model can explain why it takes much longer for blacks - whose informal networks are documented to consist of strong ties - to locate a stable career path than their white counterparts. It also predicts that young workers from closed and segregated neighborhoods tend to spend more time before they find suitable careers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
"Since many of my friends were working in the restaurant": the dual role of immigrants' social networks in occupational attainment in the Finnish labour market (2015)
Ahmad, Akhlaq;Zitatform
Ahmad, Akhlaq (2015): "Since many of my friends were working in the restaurant". The dual role of immigrants' social networks in occupational attainment in the Finnish labour market. In: Journal of International Migration and Integration, Jg. 16, H. 4, S. 965-985. DOI:10.1007/s12134-014-0397-6
Abstract
"This article considers the dual role of immigrants' social networks in occupational attainment in the Finnish labour market. Drawing on the empirical observations gained from investigating the entire occupational careers of 40 immigrants, it argues that while ethnically dominated networks act as a crucial resource-opportunity structure to help get immigrants a foothold in the local economy and society, at the same time, they can also operate as constraining factors by confining them to low-prestige occupations in which the chances for occupational mobility are rather restricted. Overall, the article aims to suggest that although deficiency in locally gained human capital creates obstacles to better labour-market integration, the kinds of social networks in which immigrants are embedded can also significantly contribute to their low occupational attainment in their new country." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do they find you on facebook? Facebook profile picture and hiring chances (2015)
Zitatform
Baert, Stijn (2015): Do they find you on facebook? Facebook profile picture and hiring chances. (IZA discussion paper 9583), Bonn, 36 S.
Abstract
"We investigate whether the publicly available information on Facebook about job applicants affects employers' hiring decisions. To this end, we conduct a field experiment in which fictitious job applications are sent to real job openings in Belgium. The only characteristic in which these candidates differ is the unique Facebook profile that can be found online with their name. Candidates with the most beneficial Facebook picture obtain approximately 39% more job interview invitations compared to candidates with the least beneficial picture. In addition, we find suggestive evidence for a higher effect of Facebook profile picture appearance on hiring chances when candidates are highly educated and when recruiters are female." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The strength of many kinds of ties: unpacking the role of social contacts across stages of the job (2015)
Barbulescu, Roxana;Zitatform
Barbulescu, Roxana (2015): The strength of many kinds of ties. Unpacking the role of social contacts across stages of the job. In: Organization Science, Jg. 26, H. 4, S. 1040-1058. DOI:10.1287/orsc.2015.0978
Abstract
"The topic of job mobility has received increasing attention in recent years. Yet, surprising in light of the wealth of research on social networks and job attainment, we do not have a unified model of the impact of different kinds of social contacts on job search success. In this paper I show that contacts are differently beneficial for job seekers depending on the stage of the job search process that job seekers are engaged in. Specifically, three stages of the job search process can be distinguished in which social contacts fulfill different roles for the job seekers: deciding the types of jobs for which to apply, submitting job applications, and preparing for interviews. I propose that contacts who are spread across different occupations are conducive to applying to more types of jobs, yet it is contacts who are more focused across occupations that are beneficial for being invited to more interviews - relative to the number of job types applied for - and for converting the interviews into offers. In addition, contacts with lower relationship depth with the job seeker are more helpful for getting invited to interviews, whereas contacts who have more frequent interactions with the job seeker are more helpful for converting interviews into offers. Analyses using a unique longitudinal data set on the job searches of 226 participants in an MBA program offer robust evidence in support of the hypotheses. The results suggest that external mobility is best enabled when job seekers engage with - and learn from - different kinds of contacts across stages of the job search process." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))