Zitatform

Dummert, Sandra (2024): Intergenerational transmission of unemployment after apprenticeship graduation: does parental socioeconomic background still matter? In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 58, 2024-03-14. DOI:10.1186/s12651-024-00364-z

Abstract

"A smooth transition from apprenticeship to standard employment is a key step in the professional biographies of apprenticeship graduates. In this study, the transition of apprenticeship graduates from households that receive unemployment benefits are considered. These graduates are thought to be disadvantaged because their parents’ socioeconomic background is assumed to influence their employment outcomes through processes of intergenerational transmission and cumulative disadvantage. Based on administrative data from the Sample of Integrated Welfare Benefit Biographies (SIG) provided by the Institute for Employment Research (IAB), this analysis offers deeper insights into parental socioeconomic background and the individual factors that affect the risk of unemployment following the completion of an apprenticeship. In the case of an unsuccessful direct transition to standard employment, the factors infuencing the duration of the frst unemployment are also assessed. The results show that, as with individual characteristics, parents’ education level has a signifcant effect on the graduates’ risk of unemployment. The duration of the household’s benefit receipt, on the other hand, significantly influences the duration of the first unemployment in the case of an unsuccessful transition following an apprenticeship." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer) ((en))

Zitatform

Heglum, Mari Amdahl & Wendy Nilsen (2024): A life course perspective on the NEET phenomenon: long-term exclusion across cohorts, gender, and social origin among young adults in Norway. In: Journal of Youth Studies online erschienen am 19.01.2024, S. 1-21. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2024.2305907

Abstract

"This study addresses the limitations of the NEET indicator (Not in Education, Employment, or Training) as a measure of the risk of social exclusion. Applying a life course analytical framework and sequence analysis to administrative data from Norway, we investigate the link between NEET status and longer-term exclusion across cohorts, gender, and social origin. Young adults with at least one year of NEET status at ages 22-25 (N = 125 804) are followed for ten years (age 22-31), spanning the years 1993-2017. Results show a mixed picture for individuals with early-career NEET status: 38 percent fare well over the long term, while over one-third face persistent challenges of long-term exclusion or reliance on permanent disability benefits. A deterioration of longer-term prospects, stronger among men than women, is observed across cohorts. An initial large gender gap in long-term exclusion probability in men's favor disappears in the youngest cohorts. Social inequalities remain stable over time. Findings support recent research emphasizing NEET category heterogeneity. Static measures may both exaggerate and underestimate the challenges faced by different sub-populations. The risk of long-term exclusion changes markedly over time, showcasing how the NEET indicator's sensitivity as a measure of at-risk youth depends on the historical-institutional context." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Vugt, Lynn van, Mark Levels & Rolf van der Velden (2024): The low skills trap: the failure of education and social policies in preventing low-literate young people from being long-term NEET. In: Journal of Youth Studies, Jg. 27, H. 2, S. 217-251. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2022.2118036

Abstract

"This paper investigates to what extent the likelihood of young people being long-term NEET can be explained by low literacy skills, how this varies across advanced countries, and how this cross-national variation can be explained by education and social policies. We use PIAAC data and include macro-level indicators on education and social policies. We analyze the likelihood of being long-term NEET versus being in employment or in education/training among some 34,000 young people aged 20–30 from 25 countries. We find that low-literate young people are more likely to be long-term NEET. While NEET risks are associated with countries’ institutional characteristics, this does not mean that these characteristics and policies always work in favour of low-literate young people. Although high levels of (enabling) ALMP generally reduce the risk of being NEET, they do so less for low-literate young people. Additionally, young people living in social-democratic welfare states are less likely to be NEET, but low-literate young people seem to profit less from this." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Adamecz, Anna (2023): Longer schooling with grade retention: The effects of increasing the school leaving age on dropping out and labour market success. In: Finnish Economic Papers, Jg. 97. DOI:10.1016/j.econedurev.2023.102487

Abstract

"This paper examines the effects of increasing the compulsory school leaving age from 16 to 18 in Hungary using a difference-in-regression-discontinuities design empirical strategy. While the reform increased the length of schooling, it did not decrease the probability of dropping out of secondary school, either on average or among the most at-risk group of Roma ethnic minority students. Due to grade retentions, marginal students were older than their peers and couldn't have reached the final grade of secondary school by age 18 to earn a degree. The reform also did not affect the probability of employment, hours worked, wages and the probability of working in low-skilled occupations at ages 20 and 25. In education systems that allow grade retention, compulsory education should have the explicit goal of keeping students in school until they earn a secondary degree, rather than just until a certain age." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Alves, Daniele Evelin, Jannike Gottschalk Ballo, Wendy Nilsen, Camilla Stub Lundberg, Andreas Lillebråten & Vilde Hoff Bernstrøm (2023): Which companies hire NEET? Organisational characteristics of hiring NEET in a Norwegian full-population registry study. In: Journal of Youth Studies online erschienen am 14.12.2023, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2023.2290112

Abstract

"Which types of organizations hire NEET? We use longitudinal national registry data from Norway to investigate four types of organizational characteristics: (a) staff proportion with low pay and low education, (b) staff size and (c) staff proportion from groups with lower rates of work participation, and (d) private/public sector. Full-population registry data with all newly hired-employees in Norway aged 15 –30 years, yielded a sample of approximately 120,000 new hires in 2018 from 22,621 organizations. Organizational characteristics were measured the previous year. After controlling for individual and organisational level variables in logistic regression models, we found that: private organizations and those predominated by staff with low income, incomplete secondary school, NEET history and immigrant background were more likely to hire new NEET the following year. Organisation size was unrelated to the likelihood of hiring NEET. This study applies an innovative method to study demand side characteristics in a full population registry study. It also contributes to disentangling which of these characteristics lose their expected effect when the dataset is large and complete enough to control for individual and organizational factors- adjusted for organisation clustering. These characteristics can guide us towards which companies can serve as gate-openers for NEET." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Brozsely, Beverly & Darren Nixon (2023): Pinball transitions: exploring the school-to-work transitions of 'the missing middle'. In: Journal of Youth Studies, Jg. 26, H. 8, S. 980-995. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2022.2058357

Abstract

"This paper responds to the call for more research on the ‘missing middle’ by reporting the findings of a small-scale qualitative longitudinal study in the North of England exploring the labour market transitions of young people completing compulsory schooling with mid-level qualifications and seeking employment. It found that participants desired training which aligned with their skills, interests and future work intentions. Participants were drawn to seek apprenticeships because they offered ‘earning and learning’ in a real-life work environment. However, for the vast majority, apprenticeships were not available, so they turned to college to articulate their choices and gain work-related training. Qualifications were gained in order to gain leverage in the job market and help them achieve ‘getting on’ work. However, often a period of ‘pinballing’ between their ambitions and the reality of the labour market ensued due to the lack of desirable quality work available. The majority of participants were still resisting ‘going nowhere’ work and making efforts to achieve ‘getting on’ work when interviewed, however, some had stopped making the effort and resigned themselves to on-going poor quality work. The process of biographicity was, for them, a reconciliation with on-going low-quality work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Buck, Pia (2023): Chance vertan: Die 'Ausbildungsgarantie' als Antwort auf Ausbildungsteilhabeförderung und Hebung von Fachkräftepotenzialen? In: Berufsbildung, Jg. 77, H. 2, S. 32-35.

Abstract

"Das Ziel, berufliche Teilhabechancen "für Alle" anzubieten und auch der sich zuspitzende Fachkräfteengpass bringen u. a. den Übergangssektor und die steigende NEET-Quote in den Fokus bildungspolitischer Diskurse, in welchen in neuerer Zeit auch über eine Ausbildungsgarantie nachgedacht wird." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Dohmen, Dieter (2023): Lieber Jobben als Ausbildung? 15- bis 24-Jährige zwischen Schule, Ausbildung & Co. (FiBS-Forum / Forschungsinstitut für Bildungs- und Sozialökonomie 78), Köln, 21 S.

Abstract

"Wie gehen Jugendliche mit schlechter werdenden Ausbildungschancen um? Eine detaillierte Analyse vorliegender Daten mit problematischen Befunden: Das Bildungsniveau sinkt, mehr Jugendliche jobben oder werden zu NEETUs (not in employment, education & training nor unemployed)." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Faißt, Christian, Silke Hamann, Daniel Jahn & Rüdiger Wapler (2023): Junge Menschen ohne Berufsausbildung. Welches Fachkräftepotenzial verbirgt sich in dieser Gruppe? (IAB-Regional. Berichte und Analysen aus dem Regionalen Forschungsnetz. IAB Baden-Württemberg 02/2023), Nürnberg, 42 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.REBW.2302

Abstract

"In Baden-Württemberg haben zwischen 2013 und 2021 mehr als 236.000 junge Menschen zwischen 15 und 25 Jahren eine sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung aufgenommen, ohne über eine abgeschlossene Berufsausbildung zu verfügen. Ausbildungslosigkeit kann sich für die jungen Menschen langfristig negativ bezüglich ihrer Arbeitsmarktbiografien auswirken und ist darüber hinaus auch deshalb überaus problematisch, weil in Baden-Württemberg Fachkräfte besonders knapp sind. Unter den jungen Menschen ohne Abschluss finden sich relativ viele Hauptschüler*innen (22 Prozent) und ausländische Beschäftigte (24 Prozent). Weniger als 1 Prozent der Ausländer*innen verfügen über einen nicht anerkannten Berufsabschluss. Zu den am häufigsten gewählten Berufen der männlichen Ungelernten gehören Verkehrs- und Logistikberufe, Maschinen- und Fahrzeugtechnikberufe, die Metallberufe und die Mechatronik-, Energie- und Elektroberufe. Für die weiblichen Ungelernten stehen Verkaufsberufe an oberster Stelle, gefolgt von den Sekretariatsberufen und den Verkehrs- und Logistikberufen. Die Zeitarbeitsbranche nimmt ebenfalls zunächst viele formal nicht qualifizierte Männer und Frauen auf. Von den 136.000 Personen, die zwischen 2013 und 2017 ohne berufliche Qualifizierung eine sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung begonnen haben, bleiben rund 50.000 auch langfristig ohne beruflichen Abschluss. Dies geht einher mit einer geringeren Beschäftigungsstabilität, einem niedrigeren Einkommen und selteneren beruflichen Aufstiegen verglichen mit denjenigen, die noch formale Qualifikationen erwerben. Das Risiko dauerhafter Ausbildungslosigkeit ist für zwei Typen von Erwerbsverläufen besonders kennzeichnend: für die nach Schulabschluss direkte Einmündung in sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung und in deren Verbleib sowie für die heterogenen Arbeitsmarktbiografien. Diese zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass auf längere Orientierungsphasen relativ selten Zeiten in Ausbildung folgen, sondern vielmehr deutlich häufiger Arbeitslosigkeit zu beobachten ist." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Kalinowski, Michael & Harald Pfeifer (2023): Junge Menschen ohne Berufsabschluss – durch Stärkung der Ausbildungsbeteiligung zu mehr Fachkräften. In: Ifo-Schnelldienst, Jg. 76, H. 12, S. 3-6.

Abstract

"Auswertungen des BIBB (Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung 2023, Kapitel A11) zeigen, dass die Zahl der jungen Erwachsenen ohne formalen Berufsabschluss im Alter von 20 bis unter 35 Jahren in den vergangenen Jahren angestiegen ist. Im Jahr 2021 waren dies 2,6 Mio. Personen und damit der höchste Wert seit mehr als 25 Jahren. Der Anteil junger Erwachsener ohne formalen Berufsabschluss an der gleichaltrigen Bevölkerung lag im Jahr 2021 bei 17,8 % (vgl. Abb. 1). Die Quote der nicht formal Qualifizierten (nfQ) ist auch ein wichtiger arbeitsmarktpolitischer Indikator. Personen ohne Berufsausbildung bzw. nicht formal Qualifizierte haben z.B. ein höheres Risiko der Arbeitslosigkeit, insbesondere der Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit (Bundesagentur für Arbeit 2022a), und verdienen im Durchschnitt deutlich weniger als Beschäftigte mit einem Berufsabschluss (Bundesagentur für Arbeit 2022b). Letzteres erhöht auch das Risiko, am Ende des Erwerbslebens von Altersarmut betroffen zu sein." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Malo, Miguel Ángel, Chiara Mussida, Begona Cueto & Maurizio Baussola (2023): Being a NEET before and after the Great Recession: persistence by gender in Southern Europe. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 21, H. 1, S. 319-339. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwab043

Abstract

"This article adds to the scant literature on the time persistence of being a young Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) by including four main novelties: we distinguish short- and long-term persistence; we use estimations before (2004–2007) and after the Great Recession (2013–2016); we analyse four Southern European countries that are relatively similar and were significantly affected by the Great Recession (Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain); and all analyses are disaggregated by gender. The descriptive analysis shows a convergence in NEET rates by gender in the four countries due to a worsening of the male NEET rate and no improvement among young females. The econometric estimations show that long-term persistence is smaller than short-term persistence and that the latter increased after the Great Recession, especially for male NEETs. Policy implications for the design of the Youth Guarantee and lessons from the coronavirus pandemic are also discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Muehlemann, Samuel (2023): Übergang von der Schule in die Berufs(bildungs)welt: Alles besser in der Schweiz? In: Ifo-Schnelldienst, Jg. 76, H. 12, S. 24-27.

Abstract

"Sowohl in Deutschland als auch in der Schweiz ist der Anteil junger Erwachsener ohne Berufsabschluss seit dem Jahr 2017 relativ stabil geblieben (vgl. Abb. 1). Der Anteil der Personen ohne Berufsabschluss, die nicht die Schweizer oder die deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit besitzen, ist zudem in beiden Ländern mehr als dreimal so hoch wie bei Personen mit der entsprechenden Staatsangehörigkeit. In Deutschland haben jedoch auch 10 % der Personen mit deutscher Staatsangehörigkeit keinen Berufsabschluss, während dies für weniger als 4 % der Schweizer zutrifft." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Achatz, Juliane, Kerstin Jahn & Brigitte Schels (2022): On the non-standard routes: vocational training measures in the school-to-work transitions of lower-qualified youth in Germany. In: Journal of vocational education and training, Jg. 74, H. 2, S. 289-310., 2020-04-21. DOI:10.1080/13636820.2020.1760335

Abstract

"This study explores school-to-work transitions in Germany, aiming to achieve a richer understanding of the complexity of labour market entry trajectories while focusing on transition measures. The term transition measures refers to additional training courses that complement the regular vocational education and training system of firm-based or school-based qualification routes. The contribution of supplementary training measures to the school-to-work transitions of young adults is a controversial issue. While programmes aim to ease the transitions of low-skilled youth in the training and labour market, critics point to the risks of long-term subsidised careers or fragmented employment trajectories in subsequent years. By applying sequence analysis to administrative data of the Federal Employment Agency, individual trajectories of a cohort of school leavers with an at-most intermediate school-leaving certificate are analysed for the period 2008 to 2014. The results show a complex picture of ten distinct school-to-work transition patterns. Youth passing through transition measures tend to experience a less continuous but still purposeful transition pathway. We also identify a small number of youth experiencing at-risk trajectories characterised by a highly discontinuous transition process, which points to sustained detachment from the training and labour markets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Fiaschi, Davide & Cristina Tealdi (2022): Young People between Education and the Labour Market during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy. In: International Journal of Manpower, Jg. 43, H. 7, S. 1719-1757. DOI:10.1108/IJM-06-2021-0352

Abstract

"Purpose: The aim is to study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the careers of different groups of young individuals, based on transition probabilities. Design/methodology/approach: The authors analyse the evolution of individual shares and flows between different types of employment (self-employment, temporary, and permanent), unemployment, education, and other types of inactivity of individuals aged 20–29 in Italy. Findings: The authors find that the pandemic worsened an already concerning situation of higher inactivity rates, compared to other EU countries. In quarters III and IV of 2020, mainly females and non-Italian citizens were less in (permanent and temporary) employment and more in the NLFET (neither in the labour force nor in education or training) state compared to the same quarters one year before. The authors also find evidence of a temporary but not persistent return to education among 20–24 years old individuals, particularly females. These changes are suggestive of a prolongation of the time needed to achieve temporary and permanent employment, mostly for females and non-Italian citizens. Originality/value: The contribution lies in the provision of a rigorous estimation and analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on the careers of young individuals in Italy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))

Zitatform

Hippe, Ralph & Maciej Jakubowski (2022): Expected early leaving among native and migrant students: evidence from PISA for EU Member States. (CEDEFOP working paper series / European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training 2022,16), Thessaloniki, 49 S. DOI:10.2801/589250

Abstract

"Early leavers from education and training become generally disadvantaged socially and economically in later stages in life, so it is important to understand better the motivations for early leaving and provide adequate policy solutions. This study analyses the factors that are most strongly related to the likelihood of leaving education and training early. It places special attention on migrant status, given the recent migration waves within and outside Europe, which are further exacerbated by the continuing war in Ukraine. To this end, we use the OECD most recent PISA data for 2015 and 2018 in a number of two-level logit regression models, including student- and school-level variables. The results show that migrant students do not differ structurally from EU natives in their likelihood of expected early leaving, implying that it is more important to focus on common factors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Jongbloed, Janine & Jean-François Giret (2022): Quality of life of NEET youth in comparative perspective: subjective well-being during the transition to adulthood. In: Journal of Youth Studies, Jg. 25, H. 3, S. 321-343. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2020.1869196

Abstract

"In this study, we examine the self-reported subjective well-being (SWB) of youth who are ‘not in employment, education or training’ (NEET) across 24 countries in Europe. Theorizing from a youth transition regimes perspective focusing on the varying levels of social protection available to youth as well as social norms regarding the transition to adulthood, we attempt to understand the psychological outcomes associated with youth NEET statuses across country contexts. Using European Social Survey (ESS) data, we compare not only the SWB of NEET individuals with that of non-NEET youth, but also how it differs amongst specific NEET sub-categories. We hypothesize that the well-being of NEET youth will be highest where more comprehensive social protections are available, but that inequalities in well-being between NEET and non-NEET groups will be minimized in contexts where prolonged school-to-work transitions to adulthood are the social norm. We find that overall levels of well-being differ systematically amongst countries for both NEET and non-NEET groups, being highest in the Nordic countries. However, when examining relative scores that take into account the distribution of well-being within each country, we discover that inequalities between NEET sub-categories are also the most pronounced in these ‘universalistic’ contexts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Mühlböck, Monika, Fabian Kalleitner, Nadia Steiber & Bernhard Kittel (2022): Information, reflection, and successful job search. A labor market policy experiment. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 56, H. 1, S. 48-72. DOI:10.1111/spol.12754

Abstract

"Jobseekers, especially young people with little experience on the job market, face several challenges. They need to know which jobs are suited for them, where to find them, how to apply, and they need resilience in the face of repeated rejections. Previous research has shown that receiving information and reflecting on how to search for a job enhance self-efficacy and search motivation, thereby reducing the duration of unemployment spells. Following up on these results, we conducted an experiment in cooperation with the Austrian Ministry of Social Affairs which combines an “information nudge” in the form of a short video-clip with what we call “reflection nudge” in the form of an online survey. We find that a treatment combining reflection and information reduces job search duration of young unemployed people with a low level of formal education. Considering the low costs of the intervention, efficiency is very high." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

Zitatform

Mühlböck, Monika, Fabian Kalleitner, Nadia Steiber & Bernhard Kittel (2022): Scarring Dreams? Young People's Vocational Aspirations and Expectations During and After Unemployment. In: Social Inclusion, Jg. 10, H. 2, S. 252-264. DOI:10.17645/si.v10i2.5162

Abstract

"Young people's early‐career unemployment experience has been found to have long‐lasting effects, resulting in lower earnings even decades later. However, while this so‐called “scarring effect” is well established, there is still little knowledge about the mechanisms through which it comes about. We take a closer look at the period that produces the wounds that later turn to scars. Drawing on a panel survey in which young adults in Austria were interviewed once at the beginning of an unemployment period and again one year later, we study how job aspirations and expectations changed during this period. We find that respondents on average lowered their aspirations and expectations over time, particularly those who experienced latent deprivation during unemployment. Furthermore, while the aspirations and expectations of those who were unemployed at the time of the second interview remained relatively unchanged, those who were employed lowered their expectations and to some extent also their aspirations. Our results suggest that research should pay more attention to the heterogenous effects of early‐career unemployment: It produces scarred dreams for some while others manage to keep their aspirations and expectations alive." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Psifidou, Irene, Nikolaos Mouratoglou, Alexandra Farazouli & Cynthia Harrison (2022): Minimising early leaving from vocational education and training in Europe. Career guidance and counselling as auxiliary levers. (CEDEFOP working paper series / European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training 2022,11), Thessaloniki, 40 S. DOI:10.2801/75320

Abstract

"Career guidance and counselling are key features of comprehensive strategies aiming to reduce early leaving from education and training. They may assist students, not only in terms of decision-making but also in managing their transitions within education and training pathways or from education to employment. Minimising the risks of either insufficient information or unrealistic expectations, career guidance and counselling may support learners in making informed decisions based on their interests, talents, and future job aspirations, as well as preventing dropout and early leaving. For those who have left education and training early, career guidance and counselling may assist them to return to, and qualify in, upper secondary education. This paper examines how national policies and practices in career guidance and counselling in EU Member States may support learners at risk and early leavers from education and training. It identifies common patterns and existing information gaps, and sets out future prospects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Ralston, Kevin, Dawn Everington, Zhiqiang Feng & Chris Dibben (2022): Economic Inactivity, Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) and Scarring: The Importance of NEET as a Marker of Long-Term Disadvantage. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 36, H. 1, S. 59-79. DOI:10.1177/0950017020973882

Abstract

"The category of not in employment, education or training (NEET) refers to young people who are recorded as neither in paid employment nor formal education either at one time point, or for a continuous period. This article assesses levels of employment scarring for those aged 36–39, at Census 2011 (prime employment years) who were recorded as NEET when aged 16–19 at Census 1991 in Scotland. Outcomes are compared for those who moved from NEET into economic activity and by gender. We find evidence that NEET status leads to long-term scarring associated with economic inactivity and unemployment and that this is only partially offset for those who moved from NEET in 1991 to be economically active in 2001. The results also highlight gendering of NEET outcomes. NEET may be a category borne of administrative convenience, rather than sociological consistency but, as intended, it captures a group who experience disadvantage." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Ahrens, Lea, Melanie Fischer, Corinna Kleinert & Brigitte Schels (2021): Not all wishes come true: the occupational compromises youths accept when entering vocational training. In: IAB-Forum H. 15.10.2021 Nürnberg, 2021-10-14.

Abstract

"In times of economic crisis, Germany’s large vocational training segment comes even more to the fore as prime model for reducing the risk of youth unemployment. A growing number of pupils continue school and pursue academic education. Still, vocational training remains important for school leavers from lower and intermediate secondary schools. These young people are confronted in their teenage years with the difficult decision for one occupation out of more than 400 options." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Aina, Carmen, Irene Brunetti, Chiara Mussida & Sergio Scicchitano (2021): Even more discouraged? The NEET generation at the age of COVID-19. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 863), Maastricht, 24 S.

Abstract

"This paper evaluates if and to what extend the risk of becoming Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) has worsened during the Covid-19 pandemic in Italy. The analysis is based on a unique dataset from the merging of two sample surveys, the Italian Labor Force Survey and the Institutional Quality Index dataset. We find that the probability of being NEET significantly increased during the pandemic, but heterogeneously between age cohorts and geographical areas. The most affected categories have been young people (aged 25-34) and those living in North-West regions. Females are mostly affected compared to males, especially those experiencing motherhood and living in a Southern province. Investment in education reduces the NEET status, mainly for age-group 25-34 in the South. Participation in the civil society significantly reduces the probability to being NEET. Finally, active policies conducted at regional level are a further educational investment that protect from becoming NEET, although their effectiveness is not significant in the Southern regions. We provide novel evidence to inform policymakers and help building evidence-based policies, tailored on local needs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Assmann, Marie-Luise & Sven Broschinski (2021): Mapping Young NEETs Across Europe: Exploring the Institutional Configurations Promoting Youth Disengagement from Education and Employment. In: Journal of applied youth studies, Jg. 4, H. 2, S. 95-117. DOI:10.1007/s43151-021-00040-w

Abstract

"Over the past decade, the number of young people neither in employment, education, or training (NEET) has reached a seriously high level in many European countries. Previous studies have illustrated the heterogeneity of this group and that they differ considerably across Europe. However, the reasons of these cross-country differences have hardly been investigated so far. This study explores how the rates of different NEET subgroups are conditioned by various institutional configurations by applying fuzzy-set Quantitative Comparative Analysis for 26 European countries using aggregated EU Labour Force Survey data from 2018. The analysis reveals that institutional causes of being NEET are as diverse as the group itself. Thus, high levels of young NEETs with care responsibilities are found in countries with a lack of family-related services in conjunction with weak formalised long-term care as it is true in mostly Central Eastern European countries. In contrast, high rates of NEETs with a disability are prevalent mainly in Northern European countries where generous and inefficient disability benefit schemes exist that create false incentives to stay away from the labour market. Finally, high proportions of unemployed and discouraged young NEETs are found in those countries hit hardest by the crisis and with high labour market rigidities, low vocational specificity, and a lack of active labour market policies like in the Southern and some Central Eastern European countries. The results illustrate that young people face very different barriers across Europe and that country-specific measures must be taken to reduce the number of NEETs in Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Beierle, Sarah & Carolin Hoch (2021): Lebenssituation und Perspektiven junger Menschen ohne festen Wohnsitz. Ergebnisse und Reflexion einer quantitativen Studie. In: Soziale Passagen, Jg. 13, H. 2, S. 315-331. DOI:10.1007/s12592-021-00391-4

Abstract

"Der Beitrag stellt zentrale Ergebnisse einer Befragung vor, in der versucht wurde, die Lebenssituation von wohnungslosen oder obdachlosen Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen in drei deutschen Großstädten quantitativ zu erheben. Die Wohnsituation von „Straßenjugendlichen“ scheint dadurch, dass viele Betroffene zwischenzeitlich immer wieder bei Freunden oder Bekannten unterkommen, in erheblichem Maße durch Wohnungslosigkeit geprägt. Das Durchschnittsalter des Eintritts in eine Straßenkarriere liegt bei 16 bis 17 Jahren. Die befragten Jugendlichen sind von multiplen, insbesondere familiären Problemlagen betroffen, geben an, nicht freiwillig ohne festen Wohnsitz zu sein und sind mit ihrer Lebenssituation überwiegend unzufrieden. Dennoch sehen sie optimistisch in die Zukunft und glauben, mittelfristig ihre Wohnungs- bzw. Obdachlosigkeit überwinden zu können. Die Daten weisen außerdem darauf hin, dass junge volljährige Menschen ohne festen Wohnsitz vorwiegend mit dem Jobcenter in Kontakt stehen und das Jugendamt nicht mehr als relevantes Hilfesystem in Erscheinung tritt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag)

Zitatform

Beierling, Birgit (2021): Die jugendgerechte Ausgestaltung der Jugendberufsagenturen. In: Archiv für Wissenschaft und Praxis der sozialen Arbeit, Jg. 52, H. 2, S. 64-71.

Abstract

"In diesem Beitrag wird die jugendgerechte Ausgestaltung von Jugendberufsagenturen anhand folgender Aspekte diskutiert: Zum einen geht es um die Frage, ob die Jugendberufsagenturen mit ihren Angeboten die jungen Menschen überhaupt erreichen, zum anderen werden die jugendgerechte Ausgestaltung der Beratung und Förderung sowie die Möglichkeit, Jugendliche in Jugendberufsagenturen zu beteiligen, erörtert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Deutscher Verein für öffentliche und private Fürsorge e.V.)

Zitatform

Berlin, Marie, Antti Kääriälä, Mette Lausten, Gunnar Andersson & Lars Brännström (2021): Long-term NEET among young adults with experience of out-of-home care: A comparative study of three Nordic countries. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 30, H. 3, S. 266-279. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12463

Abstract

"Previous research suggests that young adults from out-of-home care (OHC) are at high risk of low education and unemployment. However, there are no studies on their risk of long-term NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training). This study compared the risk of NEET at age 21–23 among OHC youth across Denmark, Finland and Sweden, using register data for an entire birth cohort born in 1987. The Nordic countries share many features, but there are differences in the provision of after-care support and in the linkage between the educational system and the labour market. The results show that about a fourth in Denmark and Sweden and a third in Finland were NEET, suggesting that the welfare systems were not able to compensate for the OHC youth’s childhood disadvantages. To a significant extent, the excess risk of NEET was attributed to poor school performance. Implications for research, policy and practice are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

Zitatform

Cahuc, Pierre, Stéphane Carcillo & Andreea Minea (2021): The difficult school-to-work transition of high school dropouts. Evidence from a field experiment. In: The Journal of Human Resources, Jg. 56, H. 1, S. 159-183. DOI:10.3368/jhr.56.1.0617-8894R2

Abstract

"This paper investigates the effects of the labor market experience of high school dropouts four years after leaving school by sending fictitious résumés to real job postings in France. Compared to those who have stayed unemployed since leaving school, the callback rate is not raised for those with employment experience, whether it is subsidized or non-subsidized, if there is no training accompanied by skill certification. We find no stigma effect associated with subsidized work experience. Moreover, training accompanied by skill certification improves youth prospects only when the local unemployment rate is sufficiently low, which occurs in one fifth of the commuting zones only." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System) ((en))

Zitatform

Consiglio, Chiara, Pietro Menatta, Laura Borgogni, Guido Alessandri, Lucia Valente & Gian Vittorio Caprara (2021): How Youth May Find Jobs: The Role of Positivity, Perceived Employability, and Support from Employment Agencies. In: Sustainability, Jg. 13, H. 16. DOI:10.3390/su13169468

Abstract

"Youth unemployment is a relevant issue among most European countries; therefore, it is important to understand its individual and situational determinants. This study aimed to investigate a conceptual model that explains the associations among positivity (POS), perceived support from employment agencies, perceived employability (PE), and employment status in a sample of 317 unemployed Italian youth involved in the Youth Guarantee program. In particular, this study investigated the relationships between POS and PE and between PE and employment. Moreover, we analyzed whether the relationship between POS and employment status was mediated by PE and whether the relationship between POS and PE was moderated by perceived support from employment agencies. Results showed that PE totally mediated the relationship between POS and employment status. Furthermore, the moderating role of perceived support from agencies was confirmed; when high, it boosted the relationship between POS and PE. In sum, this study contributes to understanding the key impact of POS on PE, as well as the role played by employment agencies as a “catalyst” of this relationship, allowing, with their support, unemployed youth to maximize their opportunity to find a job. Implications for both research and practice are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Haikkola, Lotta (2021): Classed and gendered transitions in youth activation. The case of Finnish youth employment services. In: Journal of Youth Studies, Jg. 24, H. 2, S. 250-266. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2020.1715358

Abstract

"This article examines the role of youth activation in reproducing classed and gendered youth transitions. A large body of research on transitions examines how structural conditions continue to pattern youth transitions in the context of detraditionalization and individualisation. What is often missing from these analyses, is the role of institutional actors and youth policies. Based on a multi-sited ethnographic research in employment services in Helsinki, Finland, this article explores the role of youth activation and welfare conditionality in NEET young people's transitions. Youth activation refers to a complex mix of employment services, prevention of social exclusion, active labour market policies and welfare conditionality. The article shows how the seemingly supportive practices provided by youth employment services channel young people to a limited number of occupational tracks at the lower end of the labour market in a gendered manner. This channelling is institutionalised in the services' organisational structures and practices, and strengthened by welfare conditionality. The consequence is a powerful institutional pattern that structures and restricts youths? transition paths." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Kleif, Helle Bendix (2021): The Temporality of Being NEET: A Longitudinal Study of NEET Occurrences among Young Adults in Denmark. In: Young. Nordic Journal of Youth Research, Jg. 29, H. 3, S. 217-235. DOI:10.1177/1103308820945098

Abstract

"The NEET concept has become standard vocabulary when addressing youth disengagement. Across countries, the definition is used to measure young adults at risk of social exclusion. Using sequence and clustering analyses on unique Danish register data, this article presents a longitudinal study of the temporal developments of NEET occurrences. This enables a critical assessment of the quality of the NEET concept as a proxy for measuring young adults at risk of social exclusion. The article demonstrates how four out of five young adults labelled NEET cannot be characterized as being at risk of social exclusion. Using quantitative analyses, the results confirm the criticism of the NEET concept in some of the qualitative literature and find that there is a need to discuss the applicability of the concept nationally to define who is at risk, as well as in cross-national comparisons of young adults not in employment, education or training." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Menze, Laura, Malte Sandner, Silke Anger, Reinhard Pollak & Heike Solga (2021): Jugendliche aus Förderschulen mit Schwerpunkt "Lernen": Schwieriger Übergang in Ausbildung und Arbeitsmarkt. (IAB-Kurzbericht 22/2021), Nürnberg, 12 S.

Abstract

"In Deutschland wird ein vergleichsweise hoher Anteil der Schülerinnen und Schüler mit sonderpädagogischem Förderbedarf an separaten Förderschulen unterrichtet. Dort erreichen die jungen Menschen häufig keinen Schulabschluss und gehören damit zu einer am Arbeitsmarkt vulnerablen Gruppe. Deshalb wird in dem Kurzbericht untersucht, ob und wie diesen Jugendlichen der Zugang in Ausbildung und zum Arbeitsmarkt gelingt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen: Jugendliche von Förderschulen mit dem Schwerpunkt „Lernen“ finden seltener Zugang zu einer Ausbildung und erwerben bis zum Alter von 20 Jahren seltener einen Ausbildungsabschluss als Jugendliche von Regelschulen, selbst wenn sie einen vergleichbaren Schulabschluss haben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Ripamonti, Enrico & Stefano Barberis (2021): The association of economic and cultural capital with the NEET rate: differential geographical and temporal patterns. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 55. DOI:10.1186/s12651-021-00296-y

Abstract

"Using data from 103 Italian provinces, we investigated the relationship between local/regional development, and NEET. We constructed an indicator of cultural capital and another of economic capital and we studied their relation with the NEET rate. Covariance Structure Analysis with Generalized Least Squares estimation was employed, considering a three time-points retrospective model. Results indicate a consistent protective effect of the economic capital on the NEET rate, both in the short run (2 years) and in the medium run (10 years). However, this effect has been obtained in the Central provinces (at 2 and 10 years) and Southern provinces (at 10 years), but not in the Northern provinces. A mediation analysis indicated that, historically, the cultural capital may partly mediate the effect of the economic capital. We did not detect a significant direct effect of the cultural capital on the NEET rate, which is strongly mediated by the action of the economic capital. Together, these results denote that the economic capital is a strong predictor of NEET, but not in very competitive economic areas." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

Zitatform

Schnetzer, Simon (2021): IG Metall Jugendstudie Plan B - Datenreport. Frankfurt am Main, 76 S.

Abstract

"Die Auswertung der Ergebnisse der Befragung »Plan B« zeigt: die Corona-Pandemie hat starke negative Auswirkungen auf die aktuelle Erwerbs- bzw. Ausbildungssituation, das persönliche Wohlbefinden sowie den sozialen Nahbereich und die Zukunftspläne junger Menschen. Befragt wurden vom 13.01.–31.03.2021 insgesamt 3.229 junge Menschen zwischen 16 und 27 Jahren aus den Zielgruppen Auszubildende, dual Studierende und junge Berufstätige." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Strecker, Tanja, Joffre López & M. Àngels Cabasés (2021): Examining NEET situations in Spain: Labour Market, Discourses and Policies. In: Journal of applied youth studies, Jg. 4, H. 2, S. 119-134. DOI:10.1007/s43151-021-00048-2

Abstract

"Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEET) and its Spanish equivalent 'nini' (Ni estudia, Ni trabaja) have dominated youth policy discourses in recent years. Within the European Union, Spain is one of the countries with the highest proportion of young people in NEET situations. In this article, it is argued that the idea of NEET has been weaponised to stigmatise youth, by evoking the phantom of a demotivated young person with scarce training. This stigmatisation has little to do with the reality of many young Spaniards who can find themselves in different situations, such as unemployment, precarious employment, training and education in a matter of days. Thus, there is a need to consider the different experiences and structural circumstances of so-called NEETs rather than viewing them as a homogenous and static group. Using documentary analysis and secondary data, this article examines the diversity of NEET situations for the youth in Spain, which is generally not captured in large national statistics data-sets and policies. Furthermore, it analyses the EU Youth Guarantee and its application in Spain, highlighting where official objectives have not been met, and includes an overview of the current effects of the coronavirus crisis. Ultimately, the paper shows that public discourses centred on an artificially created social group (NEET) legitimise and produce policies that do not respond to young people's actual needs and problems, especially for the most vulnerable among them." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Andersen, Ditte (2020): Stuck! Welfare state dependency as lived experience. In: European Societies, Jg. 22, H. 3, S. 317-336. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2019.1616796

Abstract

"The concern that public support may spur dependency has been voiced throughout the history of welfare states. Nevertheless, little research examines the experience of welfare state dependency in the context of recipients' everyday lives. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of a case involving Anna, who depends on the Danish welfare system for financial benefits and other forms of support. The study spans five years from age 19 to 24, and includes some of the significant others in Anna's everyday life - her mother, who also depends on welfare, and her caseworkers. By situating Anna's experiences in a temporal and social context, the case study advances a nuanced understanding of welfare state dependency and identifies three driving forces of the experience: (1) the concern about intergenerational transmission of dependency that spurs a shared sense of hopelessness among Anna and her significant others; (2) the recurrent changes of diagnoses that adds to the feeling of dependency by repeatedly generating waiting time, e.g. for new psychiatric assessments; (3) the system's requirement to produce numerous but sketchy future plans that lack real-world plausibility. The case study clarifies the importance that respectable exits out of welfare state dependency are not only imaginable but also believable." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Dohmen, Dieter, Galiya Yelubayeva, Charlotte Firzlaff & Michael Cordes (2020): Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Deutschland in Krisenzeiten. (FiBS-Forum / Forschungsinstitut für Bildungs- und Sozialökonomie 75), Berlin, 61 S.

Abstract

"Nachdem die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Deutschland in den vergangenen fünfzehn Jahren deutlich gesunken ist, könnte sie jetzt um bis zu 40 Prozent ansteigen. Zwar sind davon, relativ gesehen, Hochschulabsolventen und beruflich Qualifizierte stärker betroffen, allerdings sind die Zukunftsaussichten für geringqualifizierte junge Menschen besonders ungünstig. Männer sind dabei durchgängig stärker betroffen als Frauen. Die Analysen zeigen zudem, wie sehr die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit durch wenig wirksame Bildungsangebote kaschiert wird.Dies sind die Kernergebnisse einer aktuellen Analyse des FiBS zur Entwicklung der Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Deutschland in Krisenzeiten. Die Studie zeigt einerseits, dass die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit über alle Qualifikationsniveaus hinweg bei jungen Männern wie Frauen deutlich rückläufig ist. Andererseits wird deutlich, dass in Krisenzeiten fast ausschließlich die Arbeitslosigkeit junger Männer ansteigt, während die der jungen Frauen zum Teil sogar weiter sinkt. Dies gilt über alle Qualifikationsgruppen hinweg." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Dvouletý, Ondrej, Martin Lukeš & Mihaela Vancea (2020): Individual-level and family background determinants of young adults' unemployment in Europe. In: Empirica, Jg. 47, H. 2, S. 389-409. DOI:10.1007/s10663-018-9430-x

Abstract

"The aim of this study is to explore individual-level and family background determinants of young adults' unemployment. Compared to previous studies, we focus on extended adulthood by including a broader age range in the sample of young adults (18–35 years), and on less explored individual predictors. A harmonized data set, based on representative cross-sectional national surveys conducted in 2016 in eleven European countries, was used to analyze individual level predictors of young adults' unemployment. For young economically active individuals (N = 14,602), we estimated logistic regressions with the dependent variable representing odds of being unemployed. The findings suggest that besides age, gender, education, migration and ethnic backgrounds, caring responsibilities or unemployment experience, there are other important predictors of young adults' unemployment such as religious affiliation, risk taking and parental unemployment experience. Obtained estimates are robust and can be thus more likely generalized in comparison with previous findings. Policy-makers and labor market offices should better address those groups of young adults most endangered by unemployment such as younger individuals, women, ethnic minorities, risk averse young adults or those with parental unemployment history through more effective, inclusive and tailored education and labor market policies as well as specific counselling support services for career orientation and development." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

Zitatform

Husu, Hanna-Mari & Minna Ylilahti (2020): The formation of long-term unemployed young adults' emotional capital during childhood. A Bourdieusian approach to emotional harm. In: Journal of Youth Studies, Jg. 23, H. 9, S. 1161-1177. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2019.1657563

Abstract

"This article focuses on the long-term formation of unemployed young adults' emotional capital and the development of emotional dispositions during childhood. We use Bourdieu's work and the concept of emotional capital to draw attention to the emotional dynamics of family and peer relations during childhood. Emotional capital is related to parents' emotional involvement and investment in the child's well-being, and it encompasses emotional skills and assets that children can attain from family relations. The concept of emotional capital allows an examination of the child's family and close environment, which shape the development of actors' emotional inclinations and tendencies. Our data consists of 28 semi-structured life course interviews conducted in 2012-2013 with 28 long-term unemployed young adults aged 20-32 in central Finland. The data revealed that problems in family or peer dynamics were related to negative emotional dispositions, including a sense of not belonging or being an outsider and a lack of trust, which started to form during childhood, and which were translated and repeated in different settings in participants' life courses." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Kleif, Helle Bendix & Jacob Nielsen Arendt (2020): Incentive effects of cash benefit among low-skilled young adults: Applying a regression discontinuity design. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 15, H. 11. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0241279

Abstract

"In 2014, the Danish Government implemented an active labour market reform directed at unemployed young adults under 30 years of age with low educational qualifications. The reform replaced the (unemployment) cash benefits with a lower education benefit for many of the unemployed aged under 30 and obliged the low-skilled in this group to enrol in a regular general or vocational (VET) education program. This paper exploits the sharp discontinuity that occurs at age 30 to estimate the joint effect of higher benefits and the cessation of educational obligations on the share receiving cash benefits and the share enrolled in education. We estimate the effects by applying a regression discontinuity design. We report results for the group of low educated young adults and for subgroups facing different economic incentives. The results establish that reaching age 30 creates an incentive to apply for cash benefits, and we find strong evidence that a significant increase in the share of cash benefit recipients relates to a corresponding reduction in the share of young adults enrolled in education. When including subgroups the size of the effect increases, and the results demonstrate that the effects are strongest among previous education benefit recipients. This indicates that the results are mainly driven mainly by individuals reverting to cash benefits." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Landauer, Doris (2020): Perspektiven für "Unentdeckte Talente" – Prävention und Intervention bei frühzeitigem Bildungsabbruch. Gesamtresümee 2010–2020. (AMS report 151), Wien, 35 S.

Abstract

"Absicht und Ziel war es, die Thematik des frühen Bildungsabbruchs auf mehreren Ebenen unter dem Blickwinkel der Arbeitsmarktpolitik zu erfassen, zu beschreiben und auch neue Möglichkeiten für Interventionen zu erarbeiten, die geeignet sind, Abhilfe zu schaffen. Diese Aufgabenstellungen sollten innerhalb eines über einen längeren Zeitraum angelegten Projektes bearbeitet werden. Daher wurde seitens des (damaligen) Bundesministeriums für Arbeit, Soziales und Konsumentenschutz mit Wirksamkeit vom 1. November 2010 mit einer Laufzeit von zehn Jahren das Projekt, das in Folge mit »Perspektiven für unentdeckte Talente – Prävention und Interventionen bei frühzeitigem Bildungsabbruch« benannt wurde, ins Leben gerufen und die Autorin des vorliegenden Projektberichtes mit der Projektleitung beauftragt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Ottersbach, Markus (2020): Arbeitsintegration von Jugendlichen mit Migrationshintergrund. In: Migration und Soziale Arbeit, Jg. 42, H. 3, S. 214-221. DOI:10.3262/MIG2003214

Abstract

"Während auf der einen Seite in Bezug auf die Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt eine Angleichung der migrantischen an die Verhältnisse der einheimischen Bevölkerung festzustellen ist, erkennt man auf der anderen Seite weiterhin eine sich verfestigende „Unterschichtung“ des Ausbildungs- und Arbeitsmarktes durch Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund. Dies gilt auch für Jugendliche mit Migrationshintergrund. Die überdurchschnittlich hohe Arbeitslosigkeit, aber auch die Positionierung in Berufen mit wenig Reputation und Einkommen ist sowohl für den Einzelnen je individuell, aber auch aus gesellschaftlicher Sicht problematisch." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Praag, Lore van & Noel Clycq (2020): Going to work without educational qualifications: school-to-work transitions of early school leavers in Belgium. In: Journal of Youth Studies, Jg. 23, H. 4, S. 465-480. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2019.1620926

Abstract

"Risks of exclusion can occur in multiple forms and start early in life. Early school leavers are especially at risk of social exclusion as this is strongly related to turbulent school-to-work-transitions. These young people often find themselves in low-qualified work or unemployment. In this article, we explore the labour market experiences of early school leavers in Flanders, Belgium. In total, 15 in-depth interviews were conducted with nine early school leavers and analysed following a grounded theory approach. Our results demonstrate the difficulties early school leavers encounter in their transitions from school to work and their precarious situation in the labour market. Of particular relevance are the insights gained in revealing the perspectives of young people on the importance of educational qualifications, work experience and participation in the labour market, as well as the strategies they develop to enter the labour market without educational qualifications." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Ramakers, Anke, Mikko Aaltonen & Pekka Martikainen (2020): A closer look at labour market status and crime among a general population sample of young men and women. In: Advances in life course research, Jg. 43. DOI:10.1016/j.alcr.2019.100322

Zitatform

Rodrigues, Margarida (2020): Skills and Youth Unemployment: Cross-Country Evidence from Synthetic Panel Data. In: Journal of Human Capital, Jg. 14, H. 2, S. 217-248., 2020-05-01. DOI:10.1086/708855

Abstract

"This paper estimates the effect of human capital on countries’ youth unemployment ratio, by using country average scores from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and the unemployment ratio of the same birth cohort. The identification strategy is based on variations in skills within country-by-year and across PISA cohorts. We estimate that a one standard deviation increase in reading literacy decreases the unemployment ratio by 1.2 percentage points, which is accounted for by a significant increase in employment. We find some evidence that educational and labour market institutions play a role in the association between skills and unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Schels, Brigitte (2020): Not in Employment, Education, or Training (Neet) und geringqualifiziert: Problemlagen von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen im Übergang in das Erwerbsleben. In: A. Rauch (Hrsg.) & S. Tophoven (Hrsg.) (2020): Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt, Stuttgart, Kohlhammer S. 79-94, 2019-06-04.

Abstract

"Im Mittelpunkt dieses Kapitels stehen junge Menschen, die Schwierigkeiten im Übergang von der Schule in das Erwerbsleben haben. Sie lernen, dass die Gruppe nicht nur über Arbeitslosigkeit definiert werden kann, sondern dass in der politischen Diskussion zunehmend das NEET-Konzept an Bedeutung gewonnen hat (NEET von "Not in Employment, Education, or Training"). Zudem kommt den Bildungsvoraussetzungen von jungen Menschen weiterhin eine gewichtige Rolle am Arbeits- und Ausbildungsmarkt zu, weshalb auch auf die Situation geringqualifizierter junger Menschen eingegangen wird. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass die Definition der Risikogruppen unter den jungen Menschen über Normen, hier gesellschaftliche Erwartungen an einen lückenlosen Übergang von der Schule in das Erwerbsleben, und Bildungsstandards erfolgt. In dem Kapitel wird auf Erklärungsansätze eingegangen, wie sich diese Normen herausgebildet haben. Es wird thematisiert, wie die sozialpolitische Förderung von jungen Menschen mit Schwierigkeiten im Übergang von der Schule in das Erwerbsleben aussieht. Schließlich wird kritisch diskutiert, dass die Kategorien NEET und Geringqualifiziert auch an Grenzen stoßen, um die Problemlagen von jungen Menschen im Übergang in das Erwerbsleben in ihrer Differnziertheit zu erfassen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Sofritti, Federico, Angelo Benozzo, Neil Carey & Maria Chiara Pizzorno (2020): Working precarious careers trajectories: tracing neoliberal discourses in younger workers' narratives. In: Journal of youth studies, Jg. 23, H. 8, S. 1054-1070. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2019.1654602

Abstract

"The aim of this article is to explore how, in the context of the post Global Financial Crisis (GFC), some Italian younger workers in a specific geographical region in Italy recount their work trajectories. Drawing on narrative interviews with ten participants (aged between 24 and 30) as part of a research project carried out in the Autonomous region of Aosta Valley in Italy, the article traces discourses closely associated with neoliberalism - the discourses of the entrepreneurial self, employability and self-responsibilisation - through which subjects' work experiences take shape. Moreover, the analysis highlights how locality, one's personal relation with the geographical territory, makes more complex the younger people's negotiations in crafting themselves vis-à-vis precarious employment opportunities and wider socio-economic dynamics in respect of precarious employment opportunities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Tåhlin, Michael & Johan Westerman (2020): Youth employment decline and the structural change of skill. In: European Societies, Jg. 22, H. 1, S. 47-76. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2018.1552981

Abstract

"Labor market prospects for youth have deteriorated significantly in many OECD countries over recent decades. While the extent and consequences of falling youth employment are commonly studied, attempts at understanding its causes have been much more limited. The present paper attempts to fill this explanatory gap. We suggest that the secular decline in youth employment can be accounted for by the structural change of skill. This process of structural change has two interrelated components: (a) one part where skill supply (individual educational attainment) and skill demand (educational requirements of jobs) grow together in what can be called matched upgrading and (b) another part where excess skill supply leads to mismatch and crowding-out. These components of skill growth have commonly been treated separately and incompletely in the literature. We build on both of them in developing our account of why the labor market for youth has weakened. Using data on 10 European countries from the EU Labor Force Surveys over the period 1998 to 2015, we estimate associations between the structural change of skill and youth employment decline. The main conclusion is that both matched skill upgrading and overeducation are strongly and negatively linked to young people's employment chances." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Vugt, Lynn van, Rense Nieuwenhuis & Mark Levels (2020): Escaping the motherhood trap: Parental leave and childcare help young mothers to avoid NEET risks. (Research memoranda / VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration 2020,33), Amsterdam, 58 S. DOI:10.26481/umagsb.2020033

Abstract

"This paper explores to what extent and how the risk that young mothers become NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training) later in life is related to family policy provisions (i.e. parental leave and Early Childhood Education and Care). We examine a three-staged process: the relation between (a) characteristics of family policies and the use of it, (b) the use of family policy provisions and NEET risks, and (c) the effectiveness of family policy provisions on the characteristics of these family policies. Combining data from the EU-LFS with macro-level indicators of family policies, we analyse NEET risks of 13,613 young mothers (20-29) in 27 EU-countries. We find that young mothers are more likely to take parental leave if it is paid for a longer period of time, and are more likely to use ECEC when childcare placement is guaranteed. Both parental leave and ECEC services are associated with lower NEET risks, as long as they are not used for overly short or long periods. However, this depends largely on the way parental leave is organised. In addition, in countries where ECEC is more affordable, young mothers who use ECEC are better protected against NEET risks later in life." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Yeung, Wei-Jun Jean & Yi Yang (2020): Labor Market Uncertainties for Youth and Young Adults. An International Perspective. In: The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Jg. 688, H. 1, S. 7-19. DOI:10.1177/0002716220913487

Abstract

"A crisis for youth labor market conditions has been building globally for more than two decades, reflected in the persistently high rates of youth unemployment around the world, which is about three times as high as that for adults. About one in five young people are not in education, employment, or training, and a large share of young adults are working in the informal economy or in precarious conditions. This volume includes a collection of thirteen articles that examine the causes, patterns, and consequences of labor market uncertainties for youth and young adults in Europe, Latin/South America, the United States, and Asia, as well as a concluding article. They reveal vast inequalities among young people, with those having the least education and lowest skills, females, those with low family socioeconomic status (SES), ethnic minorities, and migrants being the most vulnerable. In this introduction, we describe the global trends and regional variation in labor market conditions for young people, explicate the importance of integrating young people into labor markets, and summarize the findings and policy implications of these articles." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Aigner-Walder, Birgit & Marika Gruber (2019): Jugendarbeitslosigkeit und Migration im ländlichen Raum. Analyse am Beispiel des Bundeslandes Kärnten. (AMS report 136), Wien, 37 S.

Abstract

"Der vorliegende Beitrag verfolgt die Zielsetzung, die Relevanz von Jugendarbeitslosigkeit für Migrationsbewegungen zu analysieren. Sowohl die theoretischen Darlegungen als auch die empirischen Ergebnisse am Beispiel des Bundeslandes Kärnten weisen auf die hohe Relevanz von arbeitsmarktbezogenen Faktoren für die Abwanderung aus einer Region bzw. eine potenzielle Rückwanderung von Jugendlichen hin. Während für innerhalb Österreichs wandernde Personen durch die Migrationsbewegung vorwiegend eine Verbesserung der Erwerbssituation gegeben scheint, kann diese Aussage für von aus dem Ausland zugewanderte Personen nur bedingt getätigt werden; die Arbeitslosigkeit unter zugewanderten Jugendlichen ist überdurchschnittlich hoch." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)