Messung der Armut – Armutsforschung und Statistik
Armutsforschung und Sozialpolitik greifen bei der Definition und Messung von Armut auf verschiedene Konzepte, Daten und statistische Verfahren zurück. Verwendung finden dabei absolute und relative Armutsgrenzen, Warenkorbstandards aber auch Indikatoren für soziale Ungleichheit oder den Lebensstil. Dieses Themendossier präsentiert mit Literaturhinweisen wissenschaftliche Befunde und Diskussionen zur Armutsmessung.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
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Literaturhinweis
Tony Atkinson and his legacy (2017)
Brandolini, Andrea; Jenkins, Stephen; Micklewright, John;Zitatform
Brandolini, Andrea, Stephen Jenkins & John Micklewright (2017): Tony Atkinson and his legacy. (IZA discussion paper 10869), Bonn, 29 S.
Abstract
"Tony Atkinson is universally celebrated for his outstanding contributions to the measurement and analysis of inequality, but he never saw the study of inequality as a separate branch of economics. He was an economist in the classical sense, rejecting any sub-field labelling of his interests and expertise, and he made contributions right across economics. His death on 1 January 2017 deprived the world of both an intellectual giant and a deeply committed public servant in the broadest sense of the term. This collective tribute highlights the range, depth and importance of Tony's enormous legacy, the product of over fifty years' work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Practical pluralism in the empirical study of social investment: Examples from active labour-market policy (2017)
Burgoon, Brian;Zitatform
Burgoon, Brian (2017): Practical pluralism in the empirical study of social investment. Examples from active labour-market policy. In: A. Hemerijck (Hrsg.) (2017): The uses of social investment, S. 161-173. DOI:10.1093/oso/9780198790488.003.0014
Abstract
"This chapter explores the empirical challenges of understanding the socioeconomic implications of social investment welfare reform. Such understanding is crucial to gauging the pay-offs and pitfalls of social investment, but is also extremely difficult, given the complex character of social investment and its multiple and interacting consequences for work and well-being. Such complexity, the chapter contends, yields an unusually strong tension between relevance and rigour that dooms any dialogue among social scientists and practitioners with clashing methodological commitments. The present study argues in favour of a practical pluralism to facilitate such dialogue. This pluralism entails combining and comparing empirical work across the full spectrum of relevance and rigour. The chapter illustrates the problems and pluralist solutions with a combination of macro-country-year and macro-individual-year analysis of how active labour-market policies (ALMP) affect the poverty of vulnerable citizens." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Are countries becoming equally unequal? (2017)
Zitatform
Chambers, Dustin & Shatakshee Dhongde (2017): Are countries becoming equally unequal? In: Empirical economics, Jg. 53, H. 4, S. 1323-1348. DOI:10.1007/s00181-016-1170-9
Abstract
"Literature on convergence in inequality is sparse and has almost entirely focused on the notion of testing beta convergence in the Gini indices. In this paper, for the first time, we test for sigma convergence in decile income shares across countries. We compile panel data on decile income shares for more than 60 countries over the last 25 years. Regardless of the level of development, within-country inequality increased; income shares of the poorest deciles declined and those of the top decile increased significantly. Importantly, the decile income shares exhibited a statistically significant decline in dispersion between 1985 and 2011, providing strong evidence of sigma convergence in inequality. Convergence was more prominent among developing countries and less so among developed countries. The findings are robust to an array of sensitivity tests. Our analysis suggests that cross-country income distributions became more unequal but noticeably similar over time." (Author's abstract, 䗏 Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Assessing differences in household needs: A comparison of approaches for the estimation of equivalence scales using German expenditure data (2017)
Zitatform
Dudel, Christian, Jan Marvin Garbuszus & Julian Schmied (2017): Assessing differences in household needs. A comparison of approaches for the estimation of equivalence scales using German expenditure data. (Ruhr economic papers 723), Essen, 23 S. DOI:10.4419/86788843
Abstract
"Äquivalenzskalen werden routinemäßig angewandt, um Einkommen von Haushalten unterschiedlicher Größe und Zusammensetzung vergleichbar zu machen. Aufgrund ihrer praktischen Relevanz für die Messung von Ungleichheit und Armut wurden etliche Methoden für die Schätzung von Äquivalenzskalen vorgeschlagen. Bis jetzt wurde jedoch noch kein umfassender Vergleich dieser Methoden vorgenommen. In dieser Arbeit werden deutsche Haushaltsausgabedaten verwendet, um exakte Äquivalenzskalen mittels parametrischer, semi- und nichtparametrischer Verfahren zu ermitteln. Auf Basis eines einheitlichen Datensatzes kann gezeigt werden, dass sich die aus den unterschiedlichen Verfahren resultierenden Äquivalenzskalen nur wenig voneinander unterscheiden, mit der Ausnahme von wenigen Ausreißern. Die meisten der geschätzten Äquivalenzskalen sind nahe an der modifizierten OECD-Skala. Sie führen zudem zu relativ konsistenten Ergebnissen bei diversen Armuts- und Ungleichheitsmaßen. Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass die verschiedenen Schätzmethoden für Äquivalenzskalen zu einheitlicheren Ergebnissen führen als bisher gedacht." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Fortschritt und Armut: eine Untersuchung über die Ursache der industriellen Krisen und der Zunahme der Armut bei zunehmendem Reichtum (2017)
George, Henry; Löhr, Dirk;Zitatform
George, Henry, herausgegeben von D. Löhr (Hrsg.) (2017): Fortschritt und Armut. Eine Untersuchung über die Ursache der industriellen Krisen und der Zunahme der Armut bei zunehmendem Reichtum. Marburg: Metropolis-Verlag, 480 S.
Abstract
"Henry George, der bedeutende Bodenreform-Theoretiker, wurde verschiedentlich als der letzte große klassische Ökonom bezeichnet. Das Hauptwerk von Henry George war über Dekaden hinweg eines der am meisten gelesenen Bücher. Die auf den Arbeiten von Henry George beruhende Denkschule wird auch 'Geoklassik' genannt. Ausgangspunkt seiner Untersuchungen war die Fragestellung, warum gerade in den sich entwickelnden Industriegesellschaften trotz eines enormen Anstiegs der Produktivität die Armut überhandnahm. Henry George nahm dabei in vielerlei Hinsicht die Ideen der französischen Physiokraten wieder auf, ging allerdings gedanklich weit über diese hinaus. Er betrachtete - ähnlich wie die Physiokraten - Boden (incl. Natur) und Arbeit als die originären, und Kapital lediglich als einen abgeleiteten Produktionsfaktor. Damit steht das Werk von Henry George der neoklassischen Lehre diametral entgegen, welche die bis heute weitgehend 'bodenlose' Wirtschaftswissenschaft prägt. Obwohl Henry George zwar das Privateigentum an Grund und Boden grundsätzlich ablehnte, wollte er es aus politisch-pragmatischen Gründen nicht abschaffen. Stattdessen sollte es über die Wegsteuerung der Bodenerträge 'entkernt' werden. Zwar ist in Deutschland das Werk von Henry George weitgehend in Vergessenheit geraten, doch hat es v.a. in den angelsächsischen Ländern einen bleibenden Eindruck hinterlassen. Darüber hinaus beinhaltet insbesondere die ökonomische Verfassung der asiatischen 'Tigerstaaten' geoklassische Elemente. Allen voran zu nennen sind Hong Kong und Singapur, die ihre Staatsfinanzen zu einem großen Teil aus der Abschöpfung der Erträge und Werte des vornehmlich in staatlichem Eigentum liegenden Bodens bestreiten und im Gegenzug die konventionellen Steuern minimiert haben. So konnten sich diese Standorte innerhalb weniger Jahrzehnte von unbedeutenden Ansiedlungen zu Weltzentren von Handel und Finanzen entwickeln. Diese Ausgabe von 'Fortschritt und Armut' macht das Hauptwerk von Henry George nach vielen Jahrzehnten erneut in deutscher Sprache zugänglich." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Embedding as a pitfall for survey-based welfare indicators: Evidence from an experiment (2017)
Zitatform
Hetschko, Clemens, Louisa von Reumont & Ronnie Schöb (2017): Embedding as a pitfall for survey-based welfare indicators. Evidence from an experiment. (CESifo working paper 6419), München, 31 S.
Abstract
"How can we assess the welfare of a society, its evolution over time and predict its change due to particular policy interventions? One way is to use survey-based welfare indicators such as the OECD Better Life Index. It invites people to weight a variety of quality of life indicators according to their individual preferences. 11 broad dimensions aggregate these indicators. Our experiment shows that people do not provide consistent ratings across differently labelled dimensions that embed the same indicators. They also do not adjust the rating of equally named dimensions changing sets of indicators. These results show that survey-based measures might suffer from strong embedding effects and, as a result, may fail to measure citizens' true preferences for the indicators." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Societal poverty: a relative and relevant measure (2017)
Jolliffe, Dean; Prydz, Espen Beer;Zitatform
Jolliffe, Dean & Espen Beer Prydz (2017): Societal poverty. A relative and relevant measure. (Policy research working paper 8073), Washington, DC, 46 S.
Abstract
"Poverty lines are typically higher in richer countries, and lower in poorer ones, reflecting the relative nature of national assessments of who is considered poor. In many high-income countries, poverty lines are explicitly relative, set as a share of mean or median income. Despite systematic variation in how countries define poverty, global poverty counts are based on fixed-value lines. To reflect national assessments of poverty in a global headcount of poverty, this paper proposes a societal poverty line. The proposed societal poverty line is derived from 699 harmonized national poverty lines, and has an intercept of $1 per day and a relative gradient of 50 percent of median national income or consumption. The societal poverty line is more closely aligned with national definitions of poverty than other proposed relative lines. By this relative measure, societal poverty has fallen steadily since 1990, but at a much slower pace than absolute extreme poverty." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The truly vulnerable: Integrating wealth into the measurement of poverty and social policy effectiveness (2017)
Zitatform
Kuypers, Sarah & Ive Marx (2017): The truly vulnerable: Integrating wealth into the measurement of poverty and social policy effectiveness. (IZA discussion paper 11069), Bonn, 18 S.
Abstract
"There is a burgeoning literature on the significance and distribution of wealth in the rich world. It mainly focuses on the top. Wealth remains remarkably absent from the analysis of poverty and the redistributive effectiveness of welfare systems. This paper shows that real and financial assets can matter greatly when making assessments of who is poor and financially vulnerable. We introduce the concept of triple precariousness, afflicting households that not only have low income but also very low or non-existent assets to draw on for consumption needs, especially liquid assets. We analyse whether these households - whom we might call the truly vulnerable - have different characteristics from those that we identify as poor or needy on the basis of pure income based metrics. In an analysis for Belgium drawing on HFCS data, we show that households with a reference person that is young, unemployed, low educated, migrant, parent of dependent children, and above all a tenant are especially vulnerable in terms of their financial situation. By contrast, our assessment of the extent and depth of financial need among the elderly - a segment of society that is at a relatively high risk of income poverty - also changes. A substantial share of income poor elderly households own significant assets. We draw out some tentative consequences of these findings for anti-poverty and redistributive policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Using linked survey and administrative data to better measure income: Implications for poverty, program effectiveness and holes in the safety net (2017)
Meyer, Bruce D.; Mittag, Nikolas;Zitatform
Meyer, Bruce D. & Nikolas Mittag (2017): Using linked survey and administrative data to better measure income. Implications for poverty, program effectiveness and holes in the safety net. (IZA discussion paper 10943), Bonn, 54 S.
Abstract
"We examine the consequences of underreporting of transfer programs in household survey data for several prototypical analyses of low-income populations. We focus on the Current Population Survey (CPS), the source of official poverty and inequality statistics. We link administrative data for food stamps, TANF, General Assistance, and subsidized housing from New York State to the CPS at the household level. Program receipt in the CPS is missed for over one-third of housing assistance recipients, over 40 percent of food stamp recipients and over 60 percent of TANF and General Assistance recipients. Dollars of benefits are also undercounted for reporting recipients, particularly for TANF, General Assistance and housing benefits. We find that the survey sharply understates the income of poor households. Underreporting in the survey data also greatly understates the effects of anti-poverty programs and changes our understanding of program targeting, often making it seem that welfare programs are less targeted to both the very poorest and middle-income households than they are. Using the combined data rather than survey data alone, the poverty reducing effect of all programs together is nearly doubled while the effect of housing assistance is tripled. We also re-examine the coverage of the safety net, specifically the share of people without work or program receipt. Using the administrative measures of program receipt rather than the survey ones often reduces the share of single mothers falling through the safety net by one-half or more." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Effects of a Hybrid Negative Income Tax on Poverty and Inequality: a Microsimulation on the UK and Italy (2017)
Tromp, Alexander;Zitatform
Tromp, Alexander (2017): The Effects of a Hybrid Negative Income Tax on Poverty and Inequality: a Microsimulation on the UK and Italy. (EUROMOD working paper 2017,15), Colchester: EUROMOD at the Institute for Social and Economic Research, 78 S.
Abstract
"This paper aims to propose a social protection system that "decommodifies" labour and fulfills the properties of a Social Protection Floor satisfying revenue-neutrality. To this end, firstly, a Universal Basic Income (UBI) scheme is explored. Secondly, the UBI is transformed into a Negative Income Tax (NIT) scheme, providing universal protection instead of universal benefits. Finally, the NIT is modified into a Hybrid NIT (HNIT), being a mixture of NIT and a classic social assistance scheme. It features a 100% withdrawal rate, consequently allowing for a higher guaranteed minimum income level than would be possible with either an NIT or UBI. A static microsimulation, using the EUROMOD model, is conducted on the HNIT scheme, implementing two scenarios. One scenario establishes what the maximum levels of entitlements could be, assuming revenue-neutrality and current marginal tax levels. The other scenario assumes more generous entitlements and computes which tax rates would be necessary to pay for such a scheme. The models are applied to both Italy and the United Kingdom. The results are interpreted in terms of poverty and inequality statistics while closely looking into the assumptions of the microsimulation models. In the first scenario a modest level of guaranteed minimum income is feasible, decreasing both poverty and inequality decidedly compared to current levels. This effect is even stronger in the second scenario, however, it results in unrealistically high tax rates, especially for Italy. The impact on poverty and inequality of the HNIT scheme is markedly higher for Italy in both scenarios suggesting that the United Kingdom has currently a social protection system in place that redistributes more efficiently than Italy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How precise are poverty measures estimated at the regional level? (2017)
Verma, Vijay; Gagliardi, Francesca; Lemmi, Achille; Betti, Gianni; Piacentin, Mario;Zitatform
Verma, Vijay, Achille Lemmi, Gianni Betti, Francesca Gagliardi & Mario Piacentin (2017): How precise are poverty measures estimated at the regional level? In: Regional science and urban economics, Jg. 66, H. September, S. 175-184. DOI:10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2017.06.007
Abstract
"There is an urgent policy need for regional (subnational) estimates for assessing regional policies and programmes. Often regional indicators, in particular those concerning poverty and social exclusion, have to be derived from surveys with sample size and design determined primarily to serve estimation at the national level. In the specific context of EU-SILC surveys and the Headline Indicator at-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) and its components defined by European Commission, this paper aims to contribute to the methodology for constructing such indicators at the regional level. The main difficulty arises from the smallness of regional samples in national surveys. The paper focuses on two related issues: identifying procedures potentially useful for improving sampling precision of regional estimates; and improving the precision of sampling error estimates of regional statistics based on small but complex samples. In addition to some results presented for a large number of OECD countries, more detailed numerical illustration is provided for two countries (Austria and Spain) based on EU-SILC data." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment and the working poor (2016)
Gautié, Jérôme; Ponthieux, Sophie;Zitatform
Gautié, Jérôme & Sophie Ponthieux (2016): Employment and the working poor. In: D. Brady & L. M. Burton (Hrsg.) (2016): The Oxford handbook of the social science of poverty, S. 486-504. DOI:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199914050.013.22
Abstract
"This article examines the phenomenon of working poverty and issues relating to employment and the working poor. It first provides an overview of the problems of definition and measurement regarding the working poor, along with the consequences of the diversity of definitions. In particular, it considers different current definitions of the statistical category 'working poor' and how definitions affect the assessment of the in-work poverty phenomenon. It also provides a 'statistical' portrait of the working poor and explores how the risk of working poverty has evolved in the 2000s. Finally, it discusses the causes of working poverty, including low income at the individual level and the role of welfare states, and outlines potential remedies in terms of public policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Improving the measurement of material deprivation at the European Union level (2016)
Guio, Anne-Catherine; Pomati, Marco; Marlier, Eric; Nandy, Shailen; Fahmy, Eldin; Gordon, David;Zitatform
Guio, Anne-Catherine, Eric Marlier, David Gordon, Eldin Fahmy, Shailen Nandy & Marco Pomati (2016): Improving the measurement of material deprivation at the European Union level. In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 26, H. 3, S. 219-233. DOI:10.1177/0958928716642947
Abstract
"In June 2010, European Union (EU) Heads of State and Government adopted a social inclusion target as part of the new 'Europe 2020 Strategy': to lift at least 20 million people in the EU from the risk of poverty and exclusion by 2020. One of the three indicators used to monitor progress towards this target is the EU indicator of severe material deprivation (MD). A main limitation of this indicator is the weak reliability of some of the items it is based on. For this reason, a thematic module on MD was included in the 2009 wave of the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) survey. This article assesses the 2009 EU-SILC MD data and proposes an analytical framework for developing robust EU MD indicators. It carries out a systematic item by item analysis at both EU and country levels to identify the MD items which satisfactorily meet suitability, validity, reliability and additivity criteria across the EU. This approach has resulted in a proposed 13-item MD indicator covering some key aspects of living conditions which are customary across the whole EU covering a broad range of basic (food, clothes, shoes, etc.) as well as social (Internet, regular leisure activities, etc.) necessities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die gemeinsamen Strukturen relativer Ungleichheitsmaße (2016)
Kockläuner, Gerhard;Zitatform
Kockläuner, Gerhard (2016): Die gemeinsamen Strukturen relativer Ungleichheitsmaße. In: Wirtschafts- und Sozialstatistisches Archiv, Jg. 10, H. 1, S. 9-14. DOI:10.1007/s11943-016-0178-0
Abstract
"Relative Ungleichheitsmaße besitzen in vielen Fällen eine gemeinsame Struktur: Sie lassen sich durch einen relativen Vergleich auf Basis verschiedener Lagemaße bzw. auch höherer zentraler Momente darstellen. Der Beitrag gibt einen diesbezüglichen Überblick. Darin werden neben dem Gini-Koeffizienten sowohl die Ungleichheitsmaße von Atkinson und Kolm wie auch die verallgemeinerten Entropiemaße von Theil behandelt." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Material deprivation and consumption (2016)
Zitatform
Kus, Basak, Brian Nolan & Christopher T. Whelan (2016): Material deprivation and consumption. In: D. Brady & L. M. Burton (Hrsg.) (2016): The Oxford handbook of the social science of poverty, S. 577-601. DOI:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199914050.013.26
Abstract
"This article examines material deprivation and consumption in relation to poverty. In a developing country context, manifest material deprivation and inadequate levels of consumption have always been central to the conceptualization of poverty and living standards. Direct measures of failure to meet 'basic needs' are widely used alongside income-based measures such as the World Bank's 'dollar a day' standard. In contrast, both research and official poverty monitoring in rich countries tend to rely on household income. This article begins with a review of recent research on material deprivation, seen primarily as a means to go 'beyond income' in capturing poverty and exclusion. It then considers the mismatch between low income and measured deprivation, along with the notion of multidimensionality and the measurement issues raised in the implementation of multidimensional approaches. Finally, it analyzes conceptual and empirical issues relating to the contrast between income and consumption." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Estimation of joint income-wealth poverty: a sensitivity analysis (2016)
Zitatform
Kuypers, Sarah & Ive Marx (2016): Estimation of joint income-wealth poverty. A sensitivity analysis. (IZA discussion paper 10391), Bonn, 23 S.
Abstract
"Most poverty studies build on measures that take account of recurring incomes from sources such as labour or social transfers. However, other financial resources such as savings and assets also affect living standards, often in very significant ways. Previous studies that have sought to incorporate assets into poverty measures suggest that (1) poverty estimates including wealth are considerably lower than income-based measures; (2) poverty rates of the elderly are more affected than those of the nonelderly and (3) poverty rates are especially affected by the household's main residence. This paper assesses the sensitivity of these conclusions to various plausible alternative assumptions, such as the poverty line calculation, the types of assets included in the wealth concept and choices with respect to the equivalence scale. Moreover, we check whether the impact of alternative assumptions is consistent across age and institutional settings. To that effect we compare Belgium and Germany, two countries with similar living standards and income poverty rates, but very different levels and distributions of wealth. Using data from the HFCS we show that accounting for wealth affects the incidence and age structure of poverty in a very substantial way. Country comparisons are also affected in very substantial ways." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Income and wealth poverty in Germany (2016)
Köhler, Theresa;Zitatform
Köhler, Theresa (2016): Income and wealth poverty in Germany. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 857), Berlin, 48 S.
Abstract
"In general, poverty measures are estimated by applying income information. However, only using income data for calculating relative poverty might lead to an incomplete view. For example, a household can be under a poverty threshold even if a household member owns real estate or equity.
In this thesis, at risk of income poverty in Germany is estimated. In order to get a more complete picture of at risk of poverty, a multidimensional approach is applied. Not only at risk of income poverty, also at risk of wealth poverty is measured. Moreover, households that are both at risk of income and wealth poor are analyzed. Furthermore, several poverty groups are identified: twice-poor which are households that are, at risk of income and wealth poverty; protected-poor, households that are at risk of income poverty but not at risk of wealth poverty; vulnerable-poor, households which are at risk of wealth poverty but not at risk of income poverty; non-poor, households which are either at risk of income poverty nor at risk of wealth poverty. Poverty profiles in Germany and their changes over time are analyzed for the years 2002, 2007 and 2012. In fact, it is investigated to which degree at risk of poverty rates differ in socio-economic characteristics. A logit regression is applied for each dimension and each wave for estimation. For robustness checks, 95 percent bootstrap confidence intervals are calculated for all results.
Findings suggest that young age, region East Germany, single, lone parent, unemployment and low education are factors that condition the at risk of poverty rates. The definition of a certain rate influences the percentage of households that are affected by at risk of poverty, however, has a limited effect on poverty profiles. Poverty profiles have not changed over time but some factors such as unemployment and low education have significantly increased." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Poverty measurement (2016)
Smeeding, Timothy M.;Zitatform
Smeeding, Timothy M. (2016): Poverty measurement. In: D. Brady & L. M. Burton (Hrsg.) (2016): The Oxford handbook of the social science of poverty, S. 21-46. DOI:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199914050.013.3
Abstract
"This article focuses on the complexities and idiosyncrasies of poverty measurement, from its origins to current practice. It first considers various concepts of poverty and their measurement and how economists, social statisticians, public policy scholars, sociologists, and other social scientists have contributed to this literature. It then discusses a few empirical estimates of poverty across and within nations, drawing primarily on data from the Luxembourg Income Study and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to highlight levels and trends in overall poverty, while also referring to the World Bank's measures of global absolute poverty. In the empirical examinations, the article takes a look at rich and middle-income countries and some developing nations. It compares trends in relative poverty over different time periods and in relative and anchored poverty across the Great Recession." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A longitudinal study of deprivation in European countries (2016)
Terraneo, Marco;Zitatform
Terraneo, Marco (2016): A longitudinal study of deprivation in European countries. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 36, H. 5/6, S. 379-409. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-05-2015-0058
Abstract
"Purpose: Poverty is one of the most significant economic and social problems that European countries have to face. In recent years, it has become widely accepted that poverty is a multidimensional concept and now many studies use indicators of deprivation to examine the phenomenon. The focus on financial resources alone does not capture people's quality of life as being poor means a lack of access to resources enabling a minimum standard of living and participation in the society within which one belongs. The paper aims to discuss this issue.
Design/methodology/approach: Using a longitudinal component (2006-2010) of EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data on 26 European countries, the author apply a second-order confirmatory factor analysis to estimate deprivation. To describe the patterns of change over time and to evaluate the role of household characteristics in deprivation level, the author employ a set of multilevel growth curve models.
Findings: Three findings clearly stand out from my analysis. First, there is great variability in deprivation between European countries. Second, European countries show various patterns of change in deprivation over time. Third, households with different characteristics have quite different deprivation levels; moreover, the impact of household characteristics on deprivation can vary over time and between countries.
Originality/value: This paper sheds light on the importance of analysing deprivation from a longitudinal perspective and that financial resources alone does not capture people's quality of life." (Author's abstract, © Emerald Group) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
The material practices of quantification: measuring 'deprivation' in the Amsterdam neighbourhood policy (2016)
Wilde, Mandy de; Franssen, Thomas;Zitatform
Wilde, Mandy de & Thomas Franssen (2016): The material practices of quantification. Measuring 'deprivation' in the Amsterdam neighbourhood policy. In: Critical social policy, Jg. 36, H. 4, S. 489-510. DOI:10.1177/0261018316637138
Abstract
"The use of indicators and indexes in social policy, as part of evidence-based policy, is understood by governmentality scholars as 'techniques of governance'. However, we know very little about how the process of quantification is enacted in the material practices that constitute social policy itself. In this article we focus on a particular quantified object: the 'Normal Amsterdam Level' (NAP), used in an Amsterdam Neighbourhood Policy programme. We follow the NAP from its birth, to its life and its afterlife. We show that the qualification 'deprived' calls forth a whole set of problematic arrangements which are lost in a process of quantification. We understand the NAP as a generative device that actively assembles and arranges the world. These assemblages are rendered 'hard' through semiotic, statistical and visual techniques that produce facts about targeted neighbourhoods in relation to a city-wide average, thus serving as evidence and legitimisation for policy interventions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))